Isiseko Sentlawulo Yoluntu

I-United States Census, eqhutywa rhoqo kwiminyaka elishumi, ingaphezulu kakhulu kunobuninzi babemi abaqhelekileyo. Sisigunyaziso somgaqo-siseko esisebenza njengesiseko sokusasazwa kwee-erandi ezingamakhulu ezigidi zemali karhulumente nyaka ngamnye. Phakathi kwamaqumrhu amaninzi asekuhlaleni axhomekeke kula macandelo, amathala eencwadi oluntu kunye namaziko oluntu, aziva ncam zichaphazeleka ngakumbi kubuchule bokubala abantu. La maziko anikela iinkonzo ezibalulekileyo ``````aqalile''' iinkqubo zokufundisa nokuqeqesha umsebenzi ukuya emva kwemisebenzi yangaphakathi,' kunye nokufikelela kwamanani emalini nyaka ngamnye.) axhomekeke ngqo kwimibalo yoluntu olunenxaxheba. Xa imibutho ithelekele inkxaso engakumbi yemali, anokukhokelela ekunciphelweni kweeyure, abasebenzi abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo, kunye nokubekwa phambili kweenkqubo ezibalulekileyo. Ukuqonda oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ngabahlali bexandukile.

Indlela Ugcino-lwazi lobalo Oluyintsebenziswano

Ubalo lwemali lusetyenziselwa ukunikezela ngaphezu kwe-R2,5 yezigidi zemali echithwa ngurhulumente nyaka ngamnye, ngokwe- U.S. Bureau. Le mali ihamba ngamakhulu eenkqubo ezinikayo, ezininzi zazo zixhasa ngokuthe ngqo amathala eencwadi kunye namaziko oluntu. Inkqubo yokwabiwa kolwabelwa kwamaqela. Inkqubo ekwabiwayo isebenzisa amanani, ukusasazwa kweeminyaka, imigangatho yengeniso, kunye nezinye iinkcukacha zobuni ezisuka kubalo kunye nophando olunxulumene nalo olufana novavanyo lwe-American Community Survery (ACS).

Izixhobo Ezithengwayo Ezixhomekeke Kwimiba

  • I-Library Services kunye nomthetho wobuxhakaxhaka (LSTA): Ixhotyiswe yiZiko leeMyuziyam kunye neeNkonzo zeThala leeNcwadi (IMLS), iLSTA inika inkxaso ekusebenziseni amanani axhotyisiweyo amanani amanani okufumana inkxaso-mali yesizwe ngemali yesizwe. Le mali ixhasa yonke into esuka kwingqokelela yamanani kunye nesiseko sobugcisa ukukhupha iinkqubo zokuqukuqela phantsi kwabemi abagciniweyo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Imyuziyam Yophuhliso logcino-lwazi (CDBG): Isebe le-U.S. leNdlu yeNdawo kunye noPhuhliso lwe-Urban (HUD) lihambisa imali yeCDBG esekelwe kwimithetho equka ubungakanani babemi, amanani amahlwempu, kunye nezindlu ezigqithisileyo ezizotywe kugcino-lwazi lobalo. [[FLTLT:1] Isebe le-D] lisebenzisa ezi zibonelelo zolungiso, iimpahla zezixhobo, kunye nenkqubo ukwenzela abemi abafumana imali ephantsi.
  • IiNkqubo zoNxulumano Lokudla nezobundla-mzimba: Ngelixesha zinxulunyaniswa nezikolo, iinkqubo zokutya emva kwesikolo kumaziko oluntu zixhomekeke kugcino-lwazi lokubala ukuze kufunyanwe imbuyiselo karhulumente. Ubalo oluchanileyo luqinisekisa ukuba amaziko angalungiselela ukutya okufanelekileyo kubantwana, ingakumbi kwiindawo eziphezulu.
  • [[FLT: 0] Isihloko Imali Yokufundisa: izikolo ezisebenzisana namaziko oluntu ukwenzela iinkqubo zokufunda ezandisiweyo. Isihloko Izabiso, ezixhomekeke kumanani ababalo abahlwempuzekileyo, zingaxhasa ngokungangqalanga ezi ntsebenziswano.
  • Izixhobo zoLuntu ezithintela iiNkonzo zoLuntu: Ezi zibonelelo, ezisetyenziswa ngamaziko oluntu kumanyathelo okulwa nobuhlwempu, zisasazwa ngokusekelwe kuqikelelo lwabahlwempu.

Ulwalamano luthe ngqo: intsapho elahlekileyo ekubaleni abantu kuthetha ukuba iimfuno zoluntu azibonwa ngabaxhasi bemali. Umzekelo, iiNkonzo zethala leencwadi kunye noMthetho wobuxhakaxhaka busebenzisa indlela esekelwe kubemi.

Iinkqubo zomanyano zixhomekeke kwizibalo

Ubuninzi beenkqubo ezichaphazelekayo ezichaphazelekayo ngenxa yokubalwa kwabantu bumangalisa. Ngokutsho kwe-ofisi yoXanduva loRhulumente wase-United States, malunga neenkqubo ezingama-300 zikarhulumente zisebenzisa ubalo-manani njengenxalenye yeeprojekthi ezizibonelelo zabo.

  • Iinstitute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) IGRANS:[ Ngonyaka wama-2022], i-IMLS inikezela ngemali engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-200 000 zemali kumathala eencwadi nee-imyuziyam, eneenkqubo zikarhulumente ezibotshelelwe ngqo kubemi. I-webhsayithi ye-IMLMS[ iinkcukacha ngendlela i-LSTA ehamba ngayo kwimibutho yolawulo yethala leencwadi, ephinda ifumane imali kwimizilayiyo yoluntu.
  • Uphuhliso lwasemaphandleni: amaziko oLuntu kummandla wasemaphandleni angafumana iminikelo yolwakhiwo nezixhobo ngohlobo lweenkqubo ze-USDA ezixhomekeke kwiziqu ezichaziweyo zasemaphandleni.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Imphawu zoPhuhliso loLuntu loLuntu lwe-HID:[ Njengoko kukhankanyiweyo, lo ngumthombo oyintloko wemali kumaziko oluntu angaphakathi. Indlela isebenzisa inani labemi, ubuhlwempu, kunye nogcino-lwazi olugqithisileyo olusuka kubalwayo kunye ne-ACS.
  • Isebe lemfundo yeminyaka eli-21 yeminyaka eli-1960: Le mali ixhasa emva kweenkqubo zesikolo ezidla ngokusebenza kumaziko oluntu. I-Altation zisekelwe kwimvelaphi yogcino-lwazi lwesithili sobuhlwempu olusuka kubalo-mali.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ubushushu kunye neeNkonzo zoluntu (HHS) Intloko yesiqalo: amaziko oLuntu amema iNtloko yeStar ifumana inkxaso-mali ngokwemiba yokubalwa kwabantu ngamahlwempu.

Xa uluntu lubona ukuhla kwenani labahlali, iziphumo ezingaphantsi zinokuqhubeka kulo lonke eli shumi leminyaka. Kwithala leencwadi nakumasebe oluntu asebenzisa uqingqo-mali olungqongqo, oku kubangela iziphumo ezidityanisiweyo /ukungancedi nto ngoku kuthetha ukuba iinkonzo zoluntu zincitshiswe, nto leyo enokuthi kuncitshiswe ngakumbi ukuphendula kwabasebenzi abalandelayo.

Ucelomngeni Lokubala Ngokuchanileyo

Phezu kwazo nje izinto ezicacileyo, ukufumana ubalo olupheleleyo noluchanileyo kuzaliswe yimiqobo. I-Bureau ye-Census iye yafumanisa ukuba kukho abantu abaninzi ekunzima ukubala ngokwembali, kuquka abantwana abaselula, iintlanga ezincinane, amakhaya angenamali iphantsi, abantu abahlala emaphandleni, nabantu abangenamakhaya. La maqela anokuba ngabona baxhomekeke kumathala eencwadi oluntu nakumaziko asekuhlaleni ukwenzela iinkonzo ezibalulekileyo.

Izithintelo Eziyintloko Ekuthabatheni Inxaxheba

  • Ilwimi kunye neMidaba yokubhala ikhona ngeelwimi eziyi12, kodwa abantu abaninzi balapho bathetha iilwimi eziqhelekileyo okanye banolwazi oluncinane. Amathala adla ngokunceda abantu abanobuchule obulinganiselweyo bamaNgesi, kodwa ngaphandle kokujoliswe kuko, izithethi ezingezo isiNgesi zingaluyeka ngokupheleleyo ubalo.
  • I-Disolity kaRhulumente: embalini engekho sikweni ````ngokusetyenziswa kogcino-lwazi lobalo ngexesha lemfazwe yehlabathi II' ukufanisa amaJaphani angaphakathi/eye yadala ukungathembani okunzulu. Izicelo zakutshanje zongeza umbuzo wokuba ngummi welizwekazi, nangona ekugqibeleni zingaqukwanga ku2020, ngokubhekele phaya uthembeko phakathi koluntu oluvela kwelinye ilizwe.
  • [[FLT: 0] Digaliation: Ubalo lwama-2020 lwaphawulwa okokuqala abaphendulayo benokugqiba ifomu ye-intanethi. Noko ke, iimali ezininzi ezifumana imali ephantsi kunye neentsapho ezisemaphandleni azinakuthembeka kwi-intanethi okanye ulwazi lwamanani. Iincwadi zethala leencwadi zinika iikhompyutha zikawonke-wonke kunye noncedo, kodwa ezo buncwane zazingalinganiswanga ngezifo ezingqukuva kunye nombilini.
  • Inkxalabo ze-Privki: nanokhuseleko olunamandla lwamazwe, uloyiko olumalunga nolwabelana ngogcino-lwazi nomthetho okanye amasebe okufuduka luyaqhubeka. Iindlela ezintsha ze-Census Bureaual zobuqu ezahlukileyo, ngeli lixa zikhusela iimpendulo zomntu ngamnye, zikwabangele ukudideka.
  • Abahlali abaninzi abaqondi ukuba ubalo luchaphazela ubomi babo bemihla ngemihla. Basenokungaqondi ukuba ukugcwalisa le fomu kuchaphazela ngqo inkxaso yemali ngexesha lebali lethala leencwadi lasekuhlaleni okanye inkqubo yoqeqesho lweziko lomsebenzi.

Iziphumo zale miqobo zinokufumaneka. Ubalo lwama-2020 lujamelene nocelomngeni olubalulekileyo: ubalo olungaphantsi lwabantwana abancinane (iminyaka 0-4) lwaluphantse lube phantse ibe yi5%, ngokwendlela yoqikelelo lwe-Cunivation Bureaunity. Abemi abamnyama nababhila-bhabhayo babembalwa, nangona bengaphantsi kunangonyaka ka-2010. Kubantu abaxhomekeke kwimali esetyenziswayo, aba baphosa kwimithombo elahlekileyo kalishumi leminyaka.

Amanyathelo Okuthabatha Inxaxheba Engakumbi

Amathala eencwadi namaziko asekuhlaleni akwindawo ekhethekileyo ukulwa nokufumana amanani aphantsi ngenxa yokuba ngamaziko athenjiweyo akwimimandla asebenza kuyo. Abaninzi sele besebenza njenge-ankile zoluntu, benika i-intanethi, iindawo zokungena kwi-intanethi, iintlanganiso, neenkonzo ezibalulekileyo.

Uqikelelo

  • Inxenye kunye ne Komiti yeCunivation Councial Bureau: La maqela amatsha ntliziyo asekuhlaleni alungelelanisa ukufikelela ngaphandle. Amathala eencwadi kunye namaziko oluntu angamkela iintlanganiso, asabele izinto, kwaye asebenze njengeendawo ezikhethiweyo zoncedo. Ngokufuthi kubhekiselwa kuzo njenge Ziko le-Unificial IMPAS (QACs) okanye amanxuwa e-o
  • Sebenzisa Abathunywa Abathenjiweyo: namatsha - ntliziyo abonakalisa inani labemi basekuhlaleni angadlulisela imiyalezo yokubalwa kwabantu ngendlela efanelekileyo ngokwenkcubeko. Umzekelo, abancedisi bethala leencwadi lamashumi amabini ahlukeneyo bangabanceda abaxhasi abathetha isiSpeyin bagqibele le ndlela, ngeli lixa abasebenzi besebe loluntu benokunika abaphathi-lwazi imithetho yezobuqu kubemi abangabazayo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Uhlomelo lwenani labantu kwi Inkonzo ezikhoyo: Xa umxhasi eboleka incwadi okanye iibhanki zodweliso lwenkqubo, abasebenzi bangakhankanya ubalo ngokufutshane. Incinci iqhubela "njenge bhayisile" ekuxilongweni, umgcini-mscreen, okanye isikhumbuzi esikhawulezayo ngexesha lebali" sebenzisa umyalezo.
  • Izinto eziProvide Ezininzi NeziFikelelekayo: Ngaphaya kwezixhobo ezisemthethweni zobuBhodi beCumbulo, amathala eencwadi angadala izikhokelo ezenziwe lula ngeelwimi ezininzi, iinguqulelo ezinkulu eziprintiweyo, kunye neevidiyo ngotoliko lwentetho yezandla. Amaziko oluntu angafumana iintlanganiso zolwazi nabaguquleli.
  • Amathuba eDilesi eDilesi: Ngeminyaka yokubala abantu, amathala eencwadi angandisa iiyure zikawonke-wonke zekhompyutha kwaye anikeze uncedo olunye. Amaziko oluntu angaboleka amacwecwe okanye amachaphaza ashushu ahambayo kubaxhasi abangenayo i-intanethi ekhaya, ukuqinisekisa ukuba bangathabatha inxaxheba kwi-intanethi.
  • Imigudu ejoliswe kubantwana abancinane (ngokufuthi iphoswe kumanani abantu), abantu abangenamakhaya, kunye neentsapho ezisemaphandleni zibalulekile. Iiyunithi zokunkqonkqoza, amaphulo okunkqonkqoza eziko loluntu, kunye namaqumrhu ezikolo anganceda.
  • I-Emphasize Amfihlo kunye noKhuseleko: Icacile, unxibelelwano olucace gca malunga nokhuseleko lwe-13-olwalela i-Census Bureau ukuba ingabelani ngogcino-lwazi lobuqu namanye amasebe karhulumente, inganciphisa uloyiko. Iincwadi zingangenisa iindawo zokusebenzela ze-ngasese kwaye zichaze indlela ugcino-lwazi olungachazwa ngayo.

Ukufundwa Kwetyala: Indima Yethala Lencwadi Kubalo - nyaka Lwama - 2020

Ngexesha lobalo lwama-202020, amathala eencwadi amaninzi kawonke-wonke adlala indima ebalulekileyo phezu kwayo nje isifo se-COVID-19. I-American Library Association (ALA) yanikezela izixhobo kunye noqeqesho. ETexas, ithala leencwadi loluntu elisebenzisana ne-Houston Complete Count Councial Committee ukuze lifumane iintlanganiso zoncedo olululo. eNew York, i-Brooklyn Public Library yabiza amakhulu eentsapho ukuba aqinisekise ukuba aphendule. [[FLT: 0] Iphepha lobalo lokubala-a lamaphepha okubala abonisa ukubala, la maxwebhu anikezela nale misebenzi eencwadi enzelwe ukuphuma.

Amaziko oluntu afumana impumelelo efanayo. EChicago, amaziko anxulumene ne-Istatives Service Corporation (LISC) aguqula iindawo zawo zokupaka ukuze zihambe nge-drive ngeendawo zoncedo lwabantu, asasaza amacwecwe kwaye anika uWi-Fi. Le migudu yokuqhuba inqwelo-moya yanceda ukuphendula kweminye imimandla ngokuthabatha inxaxheba ephantsi ngokwembali.

Isiphumo Semibhobho Kwiinkonzo Zoluntu

Xa inani labantu lisiba nenxaxheba eninzi, imali ethunyelwa kumathala eencwadi nakumasebe oluntu inokutshintsha imimandla ekufuphi.

Iingenelo Ezingqalileyo Zokubalwa Okuchanileyo

  • Iyure ezinyusiweyo kunye nokusetyenziswa: ngenkxaso-mali eqinileyo, amathala eencwadi angahlala evulekile iingokuhlwa neempelaveki, enceda iintsapho ezisebenzayo. Amaziko oLuntu angaqesha abaphathi boonobumba abangakumbi ukudibanisa abemi kunye neenkonzo zoluntu.
  • I- I-technology Upgrades: echanileyo ikhokelela ekunikezeleni izibonelelo ezibanzi, ii-abrobhu zekhompyutha kawonke-wonke, kunye noqeqesho lokufunda ngamanani. Ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, oku kunokuvala ulwahlulo lwamanani, kunika ukufikelela kwe-telemedicine kunye namandla okufunda akude.
  • Imigangatho yeNkcubeko: Ukuxhasa ukuxhasa ukuxhasa iiklasi ze-ESL, ukucebisa ngomsebenzi, imisebenzi emikhulu, kunye neenkqubo zolutsha. Amaziko oLuntu anganika iinkampu zasehlotyeni kunye nentlalo yemidlalo enokuthi ngapha koko inqunyulwe.
  • Impucuko yokwaluphala: Ikomkhulu linika inkxaso esuka kwiCDBG neUSDA ivumela ukuhlaziywa kwezakhiwo ezakha zaluphala, udityaniso lwezitulo ezinamavili ezinamavili, ukufakwa kwezixhobo ezisebenzisa amandla, kunye nokudalwa kwezithuba ezinikezelweyo zokufunda kwasebuntwaneni.
  • I-Disaster Linglednes:[ amathala eencwadi kunye namaziko oluntu asoloko esebenza njengendawo yokupholisa ngexesha lamaza obushushu okanye izikhundla zongxamiseko ngexesha lezaqhwithi. Ukubophela ingxowa-mali kuqinisekisa ukuba banamandla okukhusela, inkxaso, kunye nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo.

Iziphumo zoLuntu lweMigangatho emide

Uphando oluqhubekayo lubonisa ukuba amathala eencwadi athelekelelwa kakuhle kunye namaziko oluntu anxulumene neziphumo ezingcono zemfundo, imigangatho yolwaphulo-mthetho ephantsi, kunye nomanyano olunamandla lwentlalo. Uhlolisiso olwenziwa liBhunga leeThala leencwadi laseUrban lwafumanisa ukuba iidolara zonke ezifakwe kumathala eencwadi zibuyela kwii-R3, ngokwempembelelo yezoqoqosho. Ngokufanayo, amaziko oluntu anciphisa ukuzikhetha nokuphucula iziphumo zempilo yengqondo, ingakumbi kubantu abadala kunye nolutsha olufumana imali ephantsi.

Ngokuchaseneyo, xa kubekwa phantsi kwengxelo, umonakalo uphindaphindwa. Amathala eencwadi anganciphisa uqingqo-mali lwawo, arhoxise iidatabase zomrhumo, okanye abeke kude abaququzeleli bethala leencwadi. Amaziko oluntu angavaleka kusekuseni okanye aphelise inkqubo yasemva kwesikolo egcina abantwana bekhuselekile. Oku kuchaphazela ngokungenakuthelekiswa namanani anzima asele ebekwe phantsi. Umjikelo uphinda-phindo: inkonzo encinci ikhokelela ekuthembeni okuncinane, okukhokelela ekungeneleni nasekubeni nokuthatyathwalwa kobalo.

Isiphelo: Yonke Indlela Abasabela Ngayo Iqinisa Uluntu

Ubalo luyisenzo soluntu esingumbutho esimisela ukusasazeka kwamandla nobuncwane iminyaka elishumi. Kumathala eencwadi oluntu nakumaziko oluntu, umahluko ochanileyo phakathi kokuchuma nokulwa. La maqumrhu akangenelwa nje kwii-data zokubalwa kwabantu; kwakhona angamaqabane abalulekileyo ekufikeleleni ubalo olupheleleyo. Ngokuqonda unxulumano olungqalileyo phakathi kwamaqondo okuthabatha kwawo inxaxheba kunye nemali ayifumanayo, abantu banokukhuthaza ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho nabani oshiywayo.

Ukuxhasa amathala eencwadi namaziko asekuhlaleni akunamxhesho; kukuveliswa kwemfundo, impilo, kunye namathuba. Olo tyalo-mali luqala ngenyathelo elinye: ukugcwalisa inani labantu. Ikhaya ngalinye libalwa yincwadi yethala leencwadi ethengiweyo, inkqubo yeziko loluntu eqaliswe, umntwana ofunyanisiweyo. Ukubalwa kwabantu okulandelayo kusele iminyaka embalwa kuphela. Ngoku lixesha lokuba iincwadi, amaziko abantu, kunye nabaxhasi babo balungiselele ukuthembana, ukukhutshelwa, nokuqinisekisa umgaqo othi wonke umntu umele uqule.

Ukuze ufumane ulwazi olungakumbi ngendlela ithala lakho lencwadi okanye iziko loluntu elinokubandakanyeka ngayo, tyelela i- Census Bureau ye-2030 iphepha lokucwangcisa inani okanye uhlalutyo lweziko loluntu lweziphumo zobulali[