Ukuqonda Imfundo Yasekuhlaleni Kubangela Amapolisa Aphangalale

Iinkqubo zemfundo zasekuhlaleni ziquka imithetho yemfundo, imimiselo, kunye nemigaqo emiselwe ziibhodi zesikolo, abalawuli besithili, kunye noorhulumente bakamasipala. Le nkqubo ichaza indlela izikolo ezinika ngayo oovimba bemali, eziqesha zezemfundo, ezikhetha iiklasi, ezisebenzisa iingxelo zemali, nezisebenza neentsapho. Ngokungafaniyo nemithetho karhulumente, imigaqo-nkqubo yasekuhlaleni ilungelelaniswa nemigangatho yemfundo, iimeko zezoqoqosho, kunye nezinto eziphambili zenkcubeko zoluntu. Impembelelo yazo ekuvavanyeni ii-mali zezixhobo zokufundisa, kunye neenkqubo zokuvavanya iinkqubo zemfundo, kwaye zisebenzisa imozulu kunye nomfundisi-encwadi. Umgaqo ofuna imilinganiselo emincinane, umzekelo, ukuphucula ingqalelo kunye nophuhlisophuhlisolwazi, ngoxa inkqubo esetyenziswayo kwizobugcisa inokuphazamisa ukulungiselela ukuxilonga kwabafundi. Ukuqonda oku kubazali, kwaye kuphuculwenzelela iinkqubo zemfundo.

Umbhobho othatha inxaxheba

Uqhagamshelwano phakathi kwemigaqo-nkqubo yemfundo yasekuhlaleni kunye novavanyo lwabafundi alusoloko lungakhawulezi lufike okanye lulandelelane. Imithetho yokuziphatha ibumba iimeko apho ukufundisa nokufunda kwenzeka khona, kwaye ezo meko ekugqibeleni ziphembelela amanyathelo okwenza umsebenzi. Uvavanyo lwemilinganiso lusebenza njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo yokuphendula, esetyenziswa ngamaphondo nakumaphondo ukuvavanya izikolo, ukunikezela ngemali, kwaye nokugqiba izigqibo zokuvalwa kwesikolo. Ngoko ke, iinkqubo zasekuhlaleni ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungangqalanga ixesha lokulungiselela, ukufundiswa, okanye ukusetyenziswa kwabafundi kakuhle zingenza amacandelo aphezulu aphezulu. Ukuqonda lo mbhobhobho, kuluncedo ukuhlolisisa izikompompo ezininzi.

Ukusetyenziswa kwemali nokufuduswa kwezibonelelo

Ngokunokwenzeka kuxhotyiso oluphambili oluphambili olusetyenziswayo kwimfundo yasekuhlaleni. Izithili zigqiba ngendlela yokusasaza urhulumente kunye nengeniso yerhafu yasekuhlaleni phakathi kwezikolo, ngokufuthi ziphumela ekusebenziseni izinto ezahlukeneyo ngako nako lommandla omnye. Uphando olusuka kwiVki yezemali kunye neSikolo soHlaziyo seSebe Lezeezimali zezemali ngokuqhubekayo lubonisa ukuba ukunyuka kokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zoqeqesho ezisemgangathweni, ukusetyenziswa kweemizilamgangatho yale yale mihla, kunye neencwadi ezihlaziyiweyo ezisetyenziswayo ngovavanyo oluphezulu lwezibalo nezokufunda. Umzekelo, isithili esinika imali eyongezelelekileyo yokuqesha izikolo zokuqala zovavanyo, ezinyusa iziphumo ezithe ngqo ezithe ngqo. Ngokuphikisana nokwezo zovavanyo, iindleko zemali ezithenjiweyo, iinkqubo zomculo, iinkqubo zomculo, iinkqubo ezisetyenziswa ngokulandelelana, kunye neenkcelo, iinko yenkcotho, kunye nenkcutho yentelelo, kunye nenkcutho yezo yezo yorhwebo, kunye nezo yorhwebo,

Umgangatho womfundisi nophuhliso lobugcisa

Impumelelo yokufundisa yeyona ngxaki ibalulekileyo kwimpumelelo yabafundi. Ngokuchasene noko, iinkqubo zokoqobo ezilawula ukuqeshwa komfundisi-zomnyaka, ukuqinisekiswa, ukuxilongwa, kunye nokuphuhliswa kobugcisa kuqhubekeke ngokungqinelana novavanyo lweziphumo zovavanyo. Imimandla efakelela iinkqubo ezisekelwe kubungqina, ucwangciso olusebenzisanayo, kunye nemisebenzi edipolayo edityanisiweyo ibona iziphumo ezinokuphumelela, ingakumbi ekuphuculweni kwaphantsi kwemfundo. Ngokuchasene noko, imigaqo exhomekeke kuvavanyo oluxinzeleleneyo inokuba neziphumo ezithenjiweyo ezigqwethekileyo, ezifana nokufundisa ukuvava okanye ukuphepha iimfuno eziphezulu zabafundi. [[FLT:] [FLT]] [FLT] [FLT] ibalase iziko zabantwana abanentsingiseloyo kunye namathuba okukhulayo okunempumelelo kunakho ukuphumelela ngakumbi kuneenkqubo zokusebenza, ukuphucula iinkqubo ezingongoma ezingondleko, ukuphucula iindlela ezingondleko, ukuphucula ukuphucula nokuphucula ulwazi, ukuphucula nokuphucula ulwazi, ukuphucula nokuphucula ulwazi

Imigaqo-nkqubo kunye neMigangatho yeNtsebenziswano

Iinkqubo zokufundisa zasekuhlaleni zimisela ukuba ziziphi iincwadi zokufunda, izibonelelo zamanani, kunye neendlela zolwazi ezisetyenziswayo. I-aligning izifundo ezigunyazisayo ngokwemigangatho yemfundo yemfundo yesizwe, kwaye kunye neefomati ezithile zeemvavanyo ezikwimo esezantsi. Ngomzekelo, isithili esisebenzisa inkqubo yolwazi olucwangcisiweyo esekelwe kwinzululwazi yemfundo esekelwe kwinzululwazi yokufunda. Ngokunjalo, imigaqo egunyazisa ukufundiswa kwezibalo kwingxaki yezibalo ezizigqibileyo zingaqinisa ukusebenza kwemibalo enzima. Kodwa ke, izigqibo zokufundisa zidla ngokudityaniswa, ngengxoxo esekelwe kwinkcazelo egxekayo yohlanga okanye imfundo ebanzi yesondo. Xa iibhodi zobulali zifaka imiqathango edityanisiweyo, ukuchana kwemiqatha yemiqatha, ukuvavanywa kwemibalwano esezantsi. Ubungqina obusuka kwi-FORGeneralstions [F] (FS]1) kunye ne-edractic provetions provetions proatials syt provetions provetiontiontiontion

Umlinganiselo Weklasi Nenkxaso Yabafundi

Ukunciphisa umlinganiselo wenkqubo yeklasi, nangona ixabisa kakhulu, idityaniswe ekuphuculeni uvavanyo, ingakumbi kubafundi abaqalayo nabafundi abakwimvelaphi ephantsi. Iiklasi ezincinane zivumela othisha ukuba bahlule imfundo, banike ingxelo ekhawulezileyo, bachaze nezithuba zokufunda. Ukongeza, iinkqubo zasekuhlaleni ezixhasa ukuxhasa uqeqesho, ukululeka, iinkqubo zemfundo zasemva kwesikolo, kunye neenkonzo zengqondo zikhuthaza ukukwazi ukuqwalasela nokuqhuba iimvavanyo. Umzekelo, isithili esinikela umsebenzi wesikolo wasekhaya okhululekileyo emva kokuphuma kwesikolo esiphezulu sinokunceda ekunciphiseni izithuba eziphumeleleyo kunye nokunyusa iziphumo ezithe kratya. Ngokuphikisanayo, imigaqo enciphisa izikhundla ezikhoyo zemfundo ezinika abacebisi okanye inkxaso yemfundo ekhethekileyo ingashiya abafundi bengenandawo yokuhlala okanye bengenandawo yokuhlala kuyo, besenza iziphumo ezifunekayo kwiziphumo zabo ezifunekayo phakathi kweenkonzo zonxulumano kunye nezivavaniso.

Iziphumo zomgaqo-nkqubo ofanelekileyo kwizininzi zovavanyo

Xa iinkqubo zemfundo zasekuhlaleni zisungulwe kakuhle kwaye zixhaswa ngokufanelekileyo, zivelisa inkqubela engenakulinganiswa kwimpumelelo yomfundi. Ezi ziphumo zilandelayo zibhaliwe kuphando nasekuqheliseni:

  • I-Picio eqinisekisiweyo kwimiqathango yoqeqesho: i-Pricies eqinisekisa ukuba umfundi ngamnye uneencwadi zexesha, izixhobo zamanani, kunye ne-intanethi ethembekileyo yonxibelelwano inciphisa ulwahlulo lwamanani kwaye ilinganisa indawo yokudlala ukwenzela uvavanyo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Uqeqesho lokufundisa olunyuliweyo kunye nokukhumbula: iziqithi ezineenkqubo zoqhankqalazo ezinamandla kubafundisi- ntsapho abatsha kunye noluntu oluqhubekekayo lwemfundo lubona ingeniso esezantsi kunye nemfundo ephezulu yabafundi, ingakumbi kwimibandela evavanyiweyo njengezibalo kunye nobugcisa bolwimi lwesiNgesi.
  • Ubungakanani bodidi oluncinci obunceda ulwakhiwo lobuqu: Intelekelelo yabafundi abahlanu ukuya kusixhenxe kwiklasi yesikolo sesikolo sesikolo sesikolo sesikolo sesikolo ukuya kwibanga lesithathu inxulunyaniswa nokufunda iinqaku zonyuso olulinganayo nolwandiso lweenyanga eziliqela zokufunda ezongezelelweyo.
  • Uzalisekiso lwezifundo ezisekelwe kubungqina: Xa iibhodi zasekuhlaleni zithatha iinkqubo ezisekelwe kuphando olunamandla `````````'''''''''''''. Okufana nezifundo zokufunda ezisekelwe kwi-phonics' okanye izibalo-esekelwe kwingxaki---ingxaki -- izibalo zinyuka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kunezinto eziqhelekileyo okanye ezingavavanywanga.
  • Ukusetyenziswa kovavanyo olulungelelanisayo: Imithetho efuna abafundisi- ntsapho ukuba banikezele uhlolo olufutshane, olusezantsi nolusetyenziswayo unyaka wonke kwaye basebenzise ugcino-lwazi ukulungelelanisa uqeqesho luboniswe ukunyuswa kovavanyo olufunyanisiweyo lweminyaka yonke ngaphandle kokwandisa ixhala lovavanyo.

Imiphumo Embi Neyantlukwano

Phezu kwako nje ukubakho kwayo, iinkqubo zemfundo yasekuhlaleni zinokuba negalelo kwiziphumo ezingenakuthelekelelwa okanye eziyingozi. Iinkqubo eziyilwe ngokungekho ngqiqweni, okanye ezo ziphunyezwe ngokungekho buncwane obufanelekileyo, ngokufuthi eziye zanelisa izithuba zokuphumeza izinto kunokuba zizivale. Inkxalabo engundoqo iquka:

  • Imali engalinganiyo ekhokelela kukwahluka phakathi kwesithili: Iinkqubo zemali yempahla esekelwe kwirhafu yemali zidala ukwahluka okukhulu kwemali echithwayo phakathi kwemibutho yezityebi nengeniso ephantsi. Le minqongo iguqulela ngqo kwimiba yovavanyo, kunye nabafundi kwimimandla etyebileyo besenza ulutsha lwabo lungamahlwempu.
  • Ukugqithisa kwimiqathango esezantsi: Xa imigaqo-nkqubo yasekuhlaleni idibanisa iziphumo eziphezulu `ezifana nokunyuselwa kwebanga eliphantsi, iibhonasi zomfundisi-lwazi, okanye ukuvalwa kwesikolo). Ukuvavanya iiprojekthi, izikolo, ukunciphisa uqeqesho kwizifundo ezingezovavanyo, kwaye zingabandakanyeka kwizenzo ezingamkelekanga ezifana nokuqhatha okanye ukutyhalela ngaphandle komsebenzi osezantsi wabafundi.
  • utshintsho lobupolisa olungekhoyo kwigalelo loluntu: Imiyalelo ephezulu evela kwiibhodi zesikolo okanye kwii-ofisi ezisembindini ezingahoyi iimbono zomfundisi nomzali zisoloko zingaphumeleli ukuchaza iingcambu zokuphumelela okusezantsi. Umzekelo, inkqubo efuna iiklasi ezinyanzelekileyo zangaphambi kwesikolo ukuba ingazihoyi ukuba abafundi bafuna isithuthi okanye iimbopheleleko zokusebenza.
  • Izitshintshi zexesha elifutshane ngaphandle kokuceba okungaguquguqukiyo okuzinzileyo: iziqithi zidla ngokumkela iinkqubo zomqhubi wenqwelo-moya okanye zinike inyathelo elinyuswe ngempumelelo yokuqala kodwa linyamalale xa inkxaso-mali iphela, ibangela uphazamiseko nokudimaza inkqubela-phambili eqhubekayo.
  • Iziphumo ezithe ngqo kumaqela asezantsi alula: abafundi bolwimi lwesiNgesi, abafundi abaneziphene, kunye nohlanga oluncinane ludla ngokuthwala inkqatho yemigaqo engqongqo engavumelani neemfuno zokufunda ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, inkqubo yokuzibophelela esekelwe kunyuselo lwesithathu lokufunda ingenza umonakalo ngokugqithisileyo kubafundi abangafumani nkxaso yakuqala yokufunda ekhaya.

Uvavanyo lomzekelo kwinqaku lomgaqo-nkqubo

Imizekelo yehlabathi lokwenene ibonisa indlela izigqibo zenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezikhokelela ngayo kuvavanyo lwenqaku.

Impumelelo: UMthetho Wemfundo WaseMassachusetts Wotshintsho Ngowe - 1993

Massachusetts wamisela inkqubo ebanzi yasekuhlaleni neyasekuhlaleni neyaserhulumente yokuba ixhaphake kakhulu inkxaso-mali yesikolo, inyuse imilinganiselo ye-insumfase yokufundisa, yaza yazisa iMassachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System (MCAS). Imimandla yephondo yabona inkqubela enkulu kwiingxelo ze-NAEP ezilandelayo, ingakumbi kwizibalo zesikolo sangaphakathi. Inkqumsholo yexesha elide yokuxhasa inkxaso-mali ekhoyo kunye nokuphendula kolwazi ityala inconywa ngokuba iMassachusetts ingu yinkokeli yesizwe ekuphumeleni kwabafundi. I-RRAND RFFF:0] iphuculasetts i-evicess projectivessions syst [iices syst] yabonisa ukuba imigaqo yesikolo esiphakathi, iziphumo ze-accompatoast, kunye nokuxhasa umsebenzi ophambili.

Imiphumo Exutyiweyo: Ienguquko ZaseChicago Ngowama - 2010

Izikolo zikawonke-wonke zeChicago zaqalisa inkqubo yokuvala izikolo eziphucukileyo nokuzivula kwakhona njengezikolo zomthetho okanye zesivumelwano. Ngelixesha ezinye izikolo ezitsha zikhupha iiprojekthi zovavanyo eziphezulu, impumelelo yesithili jikelele yayithoba. Izikolo ezininzi ezivaliweyo zazikwimimandla ebanzi yeBlack nelase Latino, kwaye abafundi abafudusiweyo babedla ngokuphelela kwizikolo ezingalungenga kunazo abazishiyileyo. Le meko ibalaselisa ukuba inkqubo ephazamisayo iinguqu, kwanaxa ithe yaphumelela, inokuba neziphumo ezingafaniyo kwiziphumo zovavanyo kumaqela abafundi ahlukahlukeneyo.

Isilumkiso: Inyathelo Eliphezulu Lokuzigcina EFlorida naseIndiana

Iingingqi ezininzi kunye nezithili ziye zamkela iinkqubo ezifuna abafundi abangaphumeleliyo kuvavanyo lokufunda kwibanga lesithathu ukuphinda unyaka. Ugcino-lwazi lwangaphambili lwaseFlorida lubonise inzuzo yenqaku lokwexeshana kubafundi abagciniweyo, kodwa kamva uphando lwafumanisa ukuba ezo mpumelelo zincitshiswe sisikolo esiphakathi. EIndiana, inkqubo yanxulunyaniswa nonyuso lwesantya phakathi kwabafundi abagciniweyo. Le mizekelo igxininisa ukuba iinkqubo eziqwalaselweyo ezilishumi elinesibhozo ngaphandle kolwazi olubanzi nenkxaso yentlalo zingenza umonakalo kwiziphumo zexesha elide.

Indima Yonxulumano Nomntu Oziphetheyo

Xa inkqubo yemfundo yasekuhlaleni ingekho kwindawo engenamsebenzi. Xa iikomiti zemfundo zokufundisa, iinkampani zabazali, iinkokeli zoshishino zasekuhlaleni, kunye namaqela abafundi besebenzisana, iinkqubo ezichaphazelekayo zibonakala zikulungele ukuqwalasela iimfuno zokwenene nokufumana ukuthengwa. Izivumelwano zezenzo zokuxhasa uluntu. "ezifana nokubamba uluntu oluneefola, ukuqhuba uhlolo, kunye nokuyila iikomiti zobufundisi, kwaye ukwenza iikomiti zemfundo zokufundisa, kwaye ukuvelisa iikomiti zemfundo, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zemigaqo yemigaqo yezoburhulumente zibonakalisa amaxabiso entlalo xa kusenziwa uvavanyo. Ii-'atkomfoli zinokukhokelela ekuyekiseni ukuphumelela kolwazi olubanzi. Imisebenzi yokuzifundiswa kwemfundo iqukelelene neziphumo zemfundo.

Ukwenziwa komgaqo-nkqubo wezobupolitika

Uxinezeleko phakathi koko kusebenzayo noko kuyingenelo kwezobupolitika lusoloko lubumba inkqubo yemfundo yasekuhlaleni. Ukusetyenziswa kwemigaqo-nkqubo esekelwe kubungqina kuxhomekeke kufundo olungqongqo, iinkqubo zomqhubi wenqwelo-moya, kunye nohlalutyo logcino-lwazi ukufumanisa ukuba luluphi ungenelelo oluphakamisa uvavanyo. Noko ke, unyulo lwebhodi yesikolo, uxinzelelo lweqela lenzala, kunye neemfazwe zenkcubeko zinganyanzela imimandla kwimigaqo-nkqubo enenkxaso encinane eluncedo. Okufana nokuvalwa kwemigaqo ethile yokufundisa okanye ukwamkela imigangatho yobugcisa engavavanywanga. Imisebenzi ecacileyo yendlu-phakamela iinkonzo ze-oyile, isebenzisa izicwangciso zovavanyo ze-data, ubuchule beqela, ukusetyenziswa kweqela lengingqini, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwexabiso eliphantsi kwezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo ukuphuculwa kwenani labafundi ekuphuculeni ixesha elithile. Intlangano njengeqela lemisebenzi elwenziwa kwimisebenzi yemisebenzi yeendawo zolawulo eziphambili, ukuvavanyanisa iiprotiestiestiestiveties, ukukhusela iipropati eziphambili eziphambili eziphambili zoncedo eziqhelekileyo ezikhoyo za

Impembelelo yesizwe neyobuRhulumente kwizithethe zasekuhlaleni

Ngoxa eli nqaku ligxininisa kwiinkqubo zemfundo zasekuhlaleni, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba zisebenza kwimeko-bume ebanzi. Imithetho yoManyano enjengeyoMfundi Wonke Ophumeleleyo (ESA) imisela iimfuno zokuphendula ezithi zithotyelwe phantsi kuvavanyo lwengingqi kunye nengxelo. Iindlu zowiso-mthetho zelizwe zisoloko zigunyazisa imigangatho yokufundisa, iintelekiso zokufundisa, kunye neemfuno zesikolo esiphakamileyo, ukulinganisela ubuchule bengingqi. Kwezinye iimeko, imigaqo-nkqubo yorhulumente iyakwazi ukulawula okanye ukongeza amanyathelo asekuhlaleni. Umzekelo, isigqibo sikarhulumente sokwamkela iMigangatho yeSizwe saseCore, sinyanze imimandla emininzi ingqungquthela imigangatho yayo kunye nemigaqo ephambili, nto leyo echaphazela ukuvavanywa kwemiqatha. Ukuphumelela kwemigaqo-nkqubo yasekuhlaleni yoluntu xa kugcinwa imigaqo-ogxaso lwengingqi yasekuhlaleni.

Isiphelo

Iinkqubo zemfundo zasekuhlaleni zinamandla okunqanda uvavanyo lwabafundi, ziphembelela yonke into ukusuka kumgangatho woqeqesho ukuya kumgangatho wenkxaso. Xa abenzi benkqubo bezemfundo bebeka iliso lokuxhasa ingeniso ekhoyo, ukwanda kolwazi olungokwasemthethweni, ubungqina obusekelwe kwizifundo, kunye nokudityaniswa kwebutho loluntu, zivavanya iingxelo zemfundo ezikhoyo, ziphucule amaqela omfundi onke. Noko ke, imigaqo ephantsi kwemfundo, okanye ekhutshwe kwizinto zesikolo, ingabonisa indlela engcono yokuphumelela kwemfundo yomfundi. Ngokucophelela nangokulungisa iinkqubo zemfundo zasekuhlaleni, ubungqina bucacile: akukho mgaqo omnye womlingo osekelwe kwizifundo ezikhoyo, othe ngqo, nolungele ukufikelela kulwazi oluqhubekayo kunye nokusabela kulwazi lwasekuhlaleni. Ngokulungisa ngenyameko nokulungisa iinkqubo zemfundo zasekuhlaleni, iimeko zemfundo zasekuhlaleni, zinokwenza ukuba kubekho iimeko ezinokuphuculwayo kuphela kodwa ziphucule ukuphumelela kokufunda nokuphumelela okude.