Ukwazisa: IRajiya Sabra kwinzululwazi yemali yaseIndiya

IRajiya Sabra, okanye iBhunga lase-United States, yindlu ephezulu yePalamente yaseIndiya ye-bidamaral. Ngeli xesha iLok Sabhaha isoloko ibonwa njengomqhubi oyintloko wemithetho yezemali, iRajiya Sabhaha yenza indima eyahlukileyo nechazwe ngokwemigaqo-siseko ekuvumeleni uHlango lweMali kunye nemali. Le ndima, nangona ilinganiselwe kwezinye iindawo, ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni uphando olucokisekileyo, ukumela izilangazelelo zikarhulumente, nokunika uvavanyo kwizicelo zemali zomphathi-ntloko. Ukuqonda amandla kunye neembopheleleko ezithe ngqo ze-jajiya Sab kwimicimbi yemali kubalulekile ekuqondeni i-demokhrasi kunye ne-ofisi yolawulo lwe-othemin.

Eqanjwe ngamalungu anyulwa ziindibano zowiso-mthetho zikarhulumente kunye nezimbalwa ezatyunjwa nguMongameli, iRaje Sabha uqulunqo lomthetho wesizwe. Umsebenzi wayo wokuhlola umthetho wemali wongeza umaleko wocwangciso oluphelelisa inani leLok Sabba's. Uqingqo-mali, oludwelisa ingeniso noxanduva lukarhulumente ngonyaka obalulekileyo, mhlawumbi lululolona xwebhu lwemali olubalulekileyo, kodwa luyinxalenye yodidi olubanzi lwemali e-Ronda Bills ne-Thillills. Impembelelo ka-Rajiya Sabba's yahluka kakhulu phakathi kwezi maqela, umahluko owenziwe kwiMithetho ye-109,10,10, kunye no-117 yemiGalelo-Mgaqo-siseko waseIndiya.

Uhlaziyo lweSivumelwano kunye neRaje Sabha: Ukukhululeka Ngaphandle kweGunya

UHlahlelo lwe-Union Lunikezelwa kuLok Sabhah nguMphathiswa wezeMali. Noko ke, iRaje Sabha akangomboni nje. Emva kokuba kunikelwe uhlaziyo, iRajiya Sabhaha ibamba ingxubusho jikelele kwimithetho yohlahlo-mali kunye nezixhobo zoqingqo-mali. Le ngxoxo ivumela amalungu ukuba aphakamise inkxalabo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwemali yecandelo, iimfuno zengingqi, iingcebiso zerhafu, kunye nemigaqo yezoqoqosho yelizwe. Ngoxa iRajiya Sabhaha ingakwazi ukuvota kwimithetho yohlalo lwemali efuna uhlalo-mali.

Igalelo likaRajiya Sabba libaluleke kakhulu kwimiba eqaqambileyo echaphazela amatyala. Ekubeni amalungu ayo emela izindlu zowiso-mthetho zikarhulumente, azisa iimbono zengingqi ezingahoywayo kwingxoxo yesizwe eqwalaselweyo yesizwe. Ingxoxo kwiRajiya Sabbaha inyanzela urhulumente ukuba athethelele izabelo neenkqubo zayo kubaphulaphuli abaphezulu, kuquka iingcali nabameli abasuka kwii-contitue.

IiBhili zezemali: Umahluko Obalulekileyo

UmGaqo-siseko wahlula ngenyameko umthetho wemali ngokwemali kwiiBhili zeMali (Article 110) kunye neMali yeeBhili zeMali (Artle 117). IBhili yemali yimali eqhubana kuphela nemicimbi enjengerhafu, ukuboleka, ukudityaniswa kwemali kwiNgxowa-mali eHlomelo laseIndiya, kunye nokugcinwa kweNgxowa-mali ePhakamileyo. USithethi weLok Sabba uyakwazi ukubhata xa imali iyiBhili-mali. Xa ithe yanconywa, iRaji Sabba inamandla alinganiselwe kakhulu: inokwenza ingcebiso kwaye kufuneka ibuyise isindulule ityala ngeentsuku ezili-14. ILok Sabbaha ingasamkela okanye ingasamkeli naziphi na ezo zinto okanye zonke ezo zincomo.

Ngokwahlukileyo, iiBhili zeMali zezi zinezinye iindleko ezinxulumene nemicimbi yemali kodwa zikwasebenza neminye imibandela. Icandelo leMali leeBhili zeMali (Aticle 117 117 (1)) ngamaphepha aneendleko ezibandakanya inkcitho kwiNgxowa-mali eHlanganisayo kodwa ezingezomali. Imali e-Rajiya Sabha inamandla alinganayo eMpakethiso-mali. Imali imele idluliswe ngeeNdlundyezo zombini, kwaye xa kusenzeka ingxabano, ilungu elihlalayo libizwa ngokuba libalulekile. Lo mahluko ubalulekile: indima ka-Rajya Sabra ayidiyo ayidiyo yonke ingumthetho yemali.

Umthetho Wosuku Oluli - 14 Nezigqibo Zawo

Iyure eyi-14 yeMoney Bills yiwotshi yomgaqo-siseko ethintela ubuchule bukaRaje Sabba bokulibazisa okanye ukuvala umthetho onjalo. Ukuba iRajiya Sabba iyasilela ukubuyisa iBhili yemali ngeentsuku ezili-14, ityala lithathwa njengelidluliswe ziiNdlu zombini ezidluliswe ekuqaleni yiLokha Sabha. Le nkqubo iqinisekisa ukuba imali karhulumente kunye neenkcitho zemali azigcinwanga ngokungenasiphelo yindlu ephezulu. Kodwa ke, phakathi kwefestile, i-Rajiya Sabbaha ingacebisa ukuba i-andrentement, nto leyo iLok Sabba enokuyamkela okanye ayilamkeli. Le nkqubo yenza ithuba elilinganiselweyo kodwa elibalulekileyo le Rapya Sabra ukuba ikhuphe impembelelo ngaphandle kokwenza umthetho.

Ukuqhelisa, umthetho weentsuku ezili-14 uthetha ukuba iRaje Sabha kufuneka ibeke phambili ukuvavanywa kwayo iiBhili zemali. Iikomiti zayo, njenge [[FLT: 0] IKomiti yokukhetha kwiBhili yeMali, isoloko isebenza ngamandla ngexesha lokulungiselela iingxelo. Urhulumente akanakukwazi ukukutyeshela iingcebiso zikaRapya Sabba ngokupheleleyo, njengoko ukwaliwa kungabonisa inkcaso enamandla enokuphelisa ukuthemba kwabantu ngoqingqo-mali.

Ukuhlolisisa Iikomiti Ezimileyo

Ngaphaya komgangatho weNdlu, iRaje Sabha idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yeekomiti. Ezikhoyo iikomiti ezinjengee- Commettee kwiMali kunye ne Commony Committee jolisene [[FLD:]] Communite] Committee Komiti ejongene nelungu lendlu [ iquka amalungu akwizo zombini izindlu. Ezi komiti ziqhuba uhlolo oluzinzileyo lwezicelo zoqingqo-mali, imfuneko yemali, kunye neendleko zemali. Iingxelo zazo zisoloko ziqula amacebiso angqalileyo okuphucula ingeniso, inkcitho yokko yokuphucula ingeniso. Urhulumente kufuneka aphendule kwezi zibonelelo, ezithenjiweyo kwiPalame.

Amalungu eRajeya Sabra ahleli izitulo ezininzi zezi komiti, ezibolekisa ngempembelelo kucwangciso nobunzulu bokuhlola. Umzekelo, iKomiti yamatyala kawonke-wonke, ehlola iingxelo zophicotho-zincwadi ze Comptroller kunye noPhondo Jikelele (CAG), ngokwesiko ibekwe isitulo lilungu elisuka echaseni kwaye iquka amalungu eRagya Sabha. Oku kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulawulo lwemali lukarhulumente lubanjwe, hayi yiLok Sabhaha kodwa yindlu ephezulu engaphezulu.

Igunya likaRajeya Sabha ngaphezu kweeBhili zezeMali: Indima engqindilili

NgeeBhili zeMali ezingezoeNtloko, iRajiya Sabra isebenzisa amandla alinganayo. La matyala kufuneka adluliswe ngamalungu omabini eeNdlu ngendlela efanayo. IRajiya Sabbaha iyakwazi ukuwalungisa kakhulu, kwaye iLok Sabhaha ayinako ukuzilungisa ngaphandle kwemvume kaRajiya Sabra's. Ukuba ezi Homes ziyaphikisana, intsebenziswano iyafuneka. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba iLok Sabbaha inamalungu angaphezulu kaphinda kabini, urhulumente uyakwazi ukuhlala kunye. Ngaphandle koko, imfuneko yokuhamba kweRajiya Sabra's isoloko ikhupha imikhosi karhulumente ukuba ithethe, idibanise i-antentente, okanye ide idele ingcelo.

Imizekelo yeeBhili zeMali iquka amatyala alungisa umgaqo-siseko wezorhwebo, atshintshe indlela yokuhlawula irhafu kwiicandelo ezahlukeneyo (apho ityala lidlula ngaphaya kwenkcazelo yeMpawu yeMali), okanye atshintshe imithetho yamaziko emali. Kwezi meko, uvavanyo olucokisekileyo lweRajiya Sabha, olusoloko lufundiswa ngamalungu ayo.

IiBhili zezeMali ezingeyomali: Apho uRajiya Sabha aphethe amandla alinganayo

Udidi B Financial Bills phantsi kweGatya 117(3) mhlawumbi zizezona zibalulekileyo kumbono kaRajiya Sabha. Ziindleko ezibandakanya inkcitho kodwa zikwaqulathe neelungiselelo zomthetho jikelele. Ezi, ingcebiso kaMongameli yangaphambili iyafuneka ukuchaza, kodwa emva koko, badlula kwinkqubo eqhelekileyo yowiso-mthetho. URajiya Sabha angazisa amatyala anjalo ngokukuhle, anika omnye umthombo womthetho wemali. Eli gunya linceda uRajiya Shab ukuba aqalise izinyuso zemali, acelele irhafuthelo entsha okanye imiqathango (ngemiqathango yomgaqo womgaqo-siseko), kunye nenkqubo yokulungisa ityala ngaphandle kwemimiselo nje.

Umahluko phakathi kweMali neeBhili zeMali kunye neeBhili zeMali uye waba ngumbandela wokubekwa kwetyala kunye nempikiswano yezobupolitika. UmGaqo-siseko awuniki ludwe olupheleleyo lwezinto ezibumba iBhili yemali, ushiya icebo kuMthethi. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amanye amatyala aqinisekiswe njengeMali ZiiBhili zemali aye acelw'ingxaki kwiinkundla, nabagxeki bephikisa ukuba urhulumente uzama ukudlula uphando lwe Rajiya Sabba. Inkundla ePhakamileyo iye yahlola le miba, iqinisekisa ukubaluleka kwendima kaRajiya Sabra kumthetho wemali ochaphazela imicimbi yemithetho engaphaya kwemali.

Iingqikelelo nolungelelwano: I Ragayo yendima ka Rajiya Sabha

Ukufakwa kweRajeya Sabra kuqingqo-mali kunye nenkqubo yomthetho wemali asiyongozi kodwa yiyo eyakhiwe ngabom yeNdibano. Yayicetyiswe ukunikezela ingqwalasela yesibini ecacileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo zemali ezichaphazela lonke uhlanga ngezantsi kwaye ingakumbi amaphondo .

Njenge . B. Ambedkar waxambulisana ngexesha lentlanganiso yeNdibano, iRajiya Sabhaha yayalelwa ukuba isebenze njengegumbi lokulungisa. Kwimicimbi yemali, olu hlomelo lulinganiselwe ngenxa yemali kodwa lunamandla omnye umthetho wemali. Inkqubo yokuhlola nolungelelwaniso inqanda urhulumente ekusebenziseni iLok Sabhaha uninzi lwakhe ukutyhatha ngomngxube okanye ukungaqwalaselwa kakuhle kwemithetho yemali ngaphandle kwengxoxo eyaneleyo. IRaybya Sabha's amandla okuba lilibazise (kwangokufutshane) nokuncomela ukuba urhulumente makaphulaphule ngokuncinane kwiimbono ezithile.

Umelo lwamaZwe neMidlalo

Enye yamandla akhethekileyo eRajiya Sabba kukumela kwawo amazwe. Amazwe aneemeko ezahlukeneyo zezoqoqosho, ingeniso, kunye neemfuno zenkcitho. Uqingqo-mali olunceda ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto omnye ummandla ngendleko yenye lungabangela isiphithiphithi sezopolitiko. Olu hlolo lweRajiya Sabha, namalungu anyulwe yimithetho yowiso-mthetho, luyifolo-m apho ukungalingani kwengi kwengingqi kommandla kungaqwalaselwa khona. Ukungalingani kwerhafuthelo, ukuhlawula irhafu, ukuhlawula okungenayo, kunye nokuchitha imali ephakathi kwimizila yesiseko kukhuthazwe yimibathanga yonke kwintelekelelo yemfuno yephondo. Olu hlolo lubaluleke kakhulu ukuba urhulumente ulawulo lwemiqatha yerhafuyo, kwaye uxhomekeke ekuthunyelweni.

Ngokomzekelo, ebudeni bengxoxo ngeMali neNkxaso yeNkonzo yeNgeniso (GST) kunye namalungiselelo okuboleka, iRaje Sabha yanika iqonga ukuze kuvakaliswe inkxalabo yamazwe. IBhunga leGST, ngoxa liselinye iqulene neRajiya Sabhaha, kunye nengxoxo yepalamente kwiRajya Sabhaha yanceda ekulungiseni inkqubo yokuhlawula. Ngaphandle kwale ndlu iphezulu, amazwi karhulumente ebengayi kubalulekanga kangako kwingxoxo yesizwe yorhulumente.

Ukukhusela uMthetho ofanelekileyo

Imfuneko yokuba iRajiya Sabba ithethe ngamatyala emali qha qho ngeentsuku ezili-14, ibeka ukulibazisa okunyanzelisayo okunokulungela umgangatho womthetho. Iirhulumente zidla ngokuzisa iindleko zemali ezintsonkothileyo ngesaziso esincinane, zinethemba lokuzityhalela phambili ngokukhawuleza. IRajiya Sabha inyanzelo elungileyo, maxa wambi ngemiqathango yekomiti, inyanzela urhulumente ukuba aphendule imibuzo ephandayo. Le nkqubo ingatyhila iimpazamo, iziphumo ezingacetywanga, okanye imigaqo ethandabuzekayo.

Umzekelo ophawulekayo wenzekile ngexesha lokudlula kwe Aadhaar kunye neminye imithetho, uBhili, 2019, owangqinwa njengeBhili yemali. Inkcaso kaRajiya Sabha' kunye nokugxekwa okulandelayo okuvela kwiingcali ezisemthethweni kwakhokelela kwingxubusho esasazekileyo ngokusetyenziswa kakubi kwendlela yemali. Ngelixesha ityala liye ladlula, ukuvavanywa kweRajiya Sabhaha ebheka ekwabhenqikelelwayo kamva eyaba yinxalenye yocelomngeni lweNkulawula ityala eliphakamileyo. Izenzo ezinjalo zibonisa ukuba kwanakulawula amagunya alinganiselwe, uRapya Sabba unakho ukuphembelela kwezobupolitika kunye ne-orventi yezomthetho.

Imizekelo ephawulekayo yempembelelo kaRaje Sabha yoMthetho wezemali

Imizekelo emininzi yembali ibonisa ifuthe likaRaje Sabra kuqingqo-mali kunye neendleko zemali. Ngo-2017, iRajiya Sabba yalwamkela intshukumo yokuqwalasela iBhili yeMali njengeBhili yeMali emva kokuhamba, inyanzelisa urhulumente ukuba aphinde aqwalasele iinguquko ezithile. Nangona urhulumente ekugqibeleni wafumana indlela yakhe, isiganeko sabalaselisa uxinezeleko phakathi kwezindlu ezimbini. Kutshanje, ngo2020, iRajiya Sabha's Committery eSfasting on Mento yancomela iinguqulelo ezibalulekileyo kwi [[FLT: 0] i-Direct Tax Vivad Chax yayiziBill , eyathi yamkeleke kakhulu ngurhulumente.

Ngexesha locwangciso loqingqo-mali lonyaka wama-2021, iRajiya Sabha yaphikisana ngeBhili yoHlomelo loMngcipheko kunye neBhili yezeMali ejongene nemeko yezoqoqosho engaqhelekanga, inikwa ingxaki yengxaki yezoqoqosho ebangelwa yile ngxaki ibangelwa yile ngxaki. Amalungu aphakamisa inkxalabo yokunganeli kokusetyenziswa kwempilo, imfundo, kunye nenkqubela-phambili yasemaphandleni. Ngoxa iLok Sabha wawawadlulisa amatyala ngokukhawuleza, ingxubusho ka-Rajiya Sabra yakhokelela kurhulumente ethembisa ii-ephicostation ezikhethekileyo kunye nemisebenzi eyongezelelekileyo phantsi kwengcinezelo. Le mpikiswano isoloko idityalwa ngamajelo, ngokubheke phambili, ukufundisa uwonke kwimicimbi.

Omnye umzekelo yi- Imithetho yeInsurance (Intlawulo) Bill, 2015, eyandisa utyalo-mali oluthe ngqo lwamanye amazwe (FDI) kwi-inshorensi ukusuka kuma-26% ukuya ku-49%. Le yayiyiBhili yemali efuna ukudlula kuzo zombini iiNdlu. IRajiya Sabha, apho umnqonqophiso-siseko wawungenayo uninzi, ngokuphawulekayo udityaniswe imiyalelo yokuqukwa kwemiwa kwebhodi kunye nemisebenzi yobuveleli. Urhulumente kwafuneka amkele amaqela ezi zintshayezo ukuze akhusele uhambo. Lo mzekelo ubonisa ukuba kwimicimbi yemali engeyomali, i-Rajaya Shabhak' ayivumangavumelani.

Isiphelo: Ukubaluleka Okuhlala Kukho Kwindlu Ephezulu

Indima kaRajiya Sabba ekuvunyelaniseni uHlawulo lweMali kunye namatyala emali lilungu elilungiswe kakuhle lepalamente yaseIndiya. Ngeli xesha iLok Sabhah inegunya phezu kwemali, iRajiya Sabhaha inikela ifomati ebalulekileyo yokuqwalasela, incomela, kwaye, kwimeko yeMali, amandla omthetho-mthetho olinganayo. Le nkqubo ayimiselwanga ngezibalo zezobupolitika kodwa ijongwe njengentsolisayo equlenqeni, ingcaciso, ingcaciso, ingcali, kunye nembono yengingqi.

Ii-checks kunye nolungelelwano olunikezelwe yiRajiya Sabha ayiyilwanga ukuphazamisa kodwa ilungiswe. Kwixesha lemingeni enzima yemali . "iingxaki zemali" ukusuka kwintsilelo yemali ukuya kukhuphiswano lwerhafu lwazweni lonke-("ikhono lendlu ephezulu lokubuza, ukucazulu, kunye nokuphucula umthetho wemali lixabiseke ngakumbi kunanini na ngaphambili. Ukuba ngeengxelo zekomiti, iingxoxo zomgangatho, okanye isisongelo nje sokulibazisa, iRajiya Sabba inegalelo ekubonakaleni nokuziphendulela. Njengoko i-Indiya Sabha iqhubeka iguqula imithetho yayo yemali, iyakuhlala ingumdlali wezentengo yezeko yoshishino-mthetho eqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo azinakusebenzanga nje kodwa zisebenza kodwa zikwangumlawuli wedemokhrasi.