Urhulumente we-United States usoloko ebonwa ngendlela engaqondakaliyo — isiko elikude elisebenza eWashington, D.C., elilungisa umthetho kunye nokuphatha imicimbi yamanye amazwe. Kodwa, impembelelo yalo inzulu kakhulu, ifikelela phantse kwikona nganye yobomi bemihla ngemihla yabemi bayo. Ukusukela kwixesha ovuka ngalo uze ujike ujikele kwimo-ntle yomoya ophefumlayo nendlela oqhuba ngayo kwimithetho-siseko, iinkqubo zolawulo, iinkqubo, kunye nenkxaso elawulayo ilungele amava akho. Ukuqonda le ndima ibanzi kodwa ngokufuthi engabonakaliyo kubalulekile kubami bani abami kwaye iphumelele. Eli nqaku lihlola iinkqubo zelizwe elingurhulumente kumazwe asixhenxe akwimimandla ephakamileyo, lityhila indlela urhulumente wesizwe ongayiyo, kodwa usebenza ngayo kwizixhobo zebutho labantu baseMelika.

Imfundo: Inkcazo, i-Equatori, neNkxaso yeQembu

Imfundo eUnited States ngokwesithethe ngumthwalo wesizwe nowasekuhlaleni, kodwa urhulumente wesizwe udlala indima enzima nekhulayo ekuqinisekiseni s, equlunqweyo[, kwaye [[FLT] ubungangalingani [[FLT]] ububanzi [ kulo lonke ilizwe. Igalelo loluntu alithethi uludwe lwezifundo okanye isebe elinye lemfundo elilawula iklasi nganye; endaweni yoko, lisebenza ngenkxaso-mali, izindululo, kunye nokunyanzelwa kwamalungelo abantu kumgangatho wokudlala ibala labafundi be-zipzip.

ISihloko Endisixhasayo: Ukuvala Umsantsa Wamathuba Athile

Enye yezona ndlela zingqalileyo izikolo zikarhulumente ezichaphazela ngayo izikolo yiSihloko I soMthetho weElementary neSecondary Education Act (ESEA), ngoku iSihlomelo Somfundi Ngamnye Uphumeleleyo (ESA). Ndinika amawaka ezigidi zeerandi kwizikolo ezinezigxina eziphantsi kwabafundi abafumanayo. Le mali yenzelwe ukongeza, ingeniswa, ingena endaweni, urhulumente kunye nobuncwane basekuhlaleni, ivumela izikolo ukuba ziqeshe abafundisi-bafundisi-bafundisi, zithenge izixhobo zokufundisa, zibonelele, zize ziphumeze ziphumeze iinkqubo zokuncedisa uqeqesho. Kwisikolo sasezilalini eMississippis okanye kwisikolo sasedolophini eChicago, iSihlo ndingathetha umahluko phakathi komzilwanondiso kunye nomniki-mali osebenzayo, phakathi komcebisi-omatila-o-mali, kunye nomntu ohamba-ontanga-ontanga-o

Ngapha koko inkxaso engqalileyo yemali, isiHloko Ndiza nezimfuneko zokuphendula, ukunikela ingxelo ngogcino-lwazi, kunye nongenelelo olusekelwe kubungqina. Izikolo kufuneka zibonise ukuba ziyisebenzisa ngokunempumelelo imali ukuphucula iziphumo zabafundi. Iinkqubo zakutshanje zigxininise ubuchule kumazwe nesithili, kodwa ukuzinikela okungundoqo kwesizwe ekuhlaleni. Kwinkcukacha ezininzi ngendlela iSihloko Endisebenza ngayo, tyelela [.S. Isebe lemfundo IkhasiHLO .

ULoans noGrant Ongabafundi AbamaPhondo: Isango Lemfundo Ephakamileyo

Xa isikolo samabanga aphakamileyo sikhupha isicelo sesicelo se-Free Federal Students Aid (FAFSA), babandakanyeka ngqo kurhulumente wezwelonke. Inkqubo yomfundi karhulumente — kuquka i-Frade Subsided kunye neLoans Engakhuselwanga, iPLUS Loans kubazali nabafundi abaphumeleleyo, kunye nocwangciso lukaPell Grant — inikezela ngexabiso elingaphezulu lamawaka ezigidi zeerandi eziluncedo lwemali nyaka ngamnye. Ngaphandle kwale nkqubo, izigidi zabafundi abafumana imali ephantsi naphakathi bezingakwazi ukuthenga ekholejini, uqeqesho lobugcisa, okanye isikolo sokuphumelela.

Imali-mboleko kazwelonke inika intengo emiselweyo, iiplani zengeniso, kunye neenkqubo zokuxolela abasebenzi benkonzo kawonke-wonke, ootitshala, kunye nabongikazi. Utshintsho lolawulo lweBiden kwintlawulo yengeniso (isicwangciso sokusindisa) kunye namanyathelo okucela ukuxolelwa athelekelele azisa ezi nkqubo kwibala lesizwe. Ngoxa ingxoxo iqhubeka ngexabiso nangempumelelo yoncedo lwabafundi besizwe, akukho mathandabuzo okokuba urhulumente ungowona mthombo wemali omkhulu wemfundo yasemva kwesekonda eMelika.

Imfundo Ekhethekileyo Namalungelo Asekuhlaleni

Amalungu anesithintelo soMthetho wemfundo (IDEA) ngumthetho ophawula indalo oqinisekisa ukuba imfundo kawonke-wonke ekhululekileyo (FAPE]) kubantwana abaneziphene ezincinane kwimeko-bume engqongqo. I-IDEA igunyazisa ukuba izikolo zivelise iinkqubo zemfundo eziqhelekileyo (IEPs) kubafundi abafaneleyo, zinika iinkonzo ezifana nonyango lokuthetha kunye nonyango lomsebenzi, kwaye ziqinisekise inkqubela efunekayo kwiintsapho. Urhulumente wesizwe we-IDEA encinane, nangona abaxhasi bephikisa ukuba ukuhlawulwa kwemali ye-avarejini yorhulumente akukhange kufikelele kuma-40% e-pauni ethenjiweyo.

Ukongezelela, iOfisi yaMalungelo e-Civil (OCR) kwiSebe lezemfundo lase-U.S. imisa imithetho karhulumente elwalela ucalulo olusekelwe kuhlanga, ibala, imvelaphi yesizwe, isini, ukukhubazeka, nobudala kwinkqubo yemfundo efumana inkxaso-mali karhulumente. Oku kunyanzelisa ukufikelela kwabafundi abaneziphene, ukuhlangabezana nokuhlaselwa ngokwesini phantsi kweSihloko se-IX, kunye nokulwa nobandlululo olungokohlanga nezikolo.

Ukunyamekela Impilo: Ukususela Ekuzalweni Ukuya Ekupheleni Kobomi

Iinkqubo zonyango lodidi oluphezulu zichaphazela amaMelika ukususela kumoya wawo wokuqala ukuya kutsho kwisiphelo sawo. Ngoxa inkqubo yonyango lwase-United States iyintlanganisela entsonkothileyo ye-inshorensi yabucala, izicwangciso zomqeshi, kunye neenkqubo zikarhulumente, urhulumente wengingqi unika umnatha wokhuseleko osisiseko kunye nesiseko sokulungisa i-athorali.

IMedicare neMedicaid: ITwills of Public Health Inshorensi

. Imedicare, imiselwe ngo1965, inika i-inshorensi yempilo kubantu abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu, kunye nabantu abaselula abaneziphene ezithile ze-denal disease. Yinkqubo karhulumente elawulwa ziZiko leMedicare & Lamp; Mdicaid Services (CMS), exhaswayo ngokuhlawula irhafu, irhafu, kunye nemali jikelele. IMedicare igquma izibhedlele izibhedlele ezihlala (indawo ze-A), inkathalo (Indawo ye-C), amayeza agunyaziswayo (Ipartment), kunye namancedo amaninzi akhetha izicwangciso zabucala (iqela). Kubantu abadala, iMedicareare umahluko phakathi kokufikelela komsebenzi kunye nelahleko lwemali.

I-Medicaid yinkqubo yesizwe edityanisiweyo enika abantu abadala abafumana imali ephantsi, abantwana, amabhinqa akhulelweyo, abantu abadala abakhulileyo, nabantu abakhubazekileyo. Urhulumente umisela imigangatho encinane kunye nemali echithwayo yemali — umlinganiselo wemali karhulumente wolwamkelo uyahluka ukusuka kuma-50% ukuya kuma-80% kuxhomekeke kumazwe angama-80% nakubemi abasebenzayo. Ulwandiso lwe-Medid Uncedo lwe-Med lwaselth qua (ACA) kubantu abadala abafumana ingeniso ukuya ku-88% yeqondo lobuhlwempuzeko loluntu ngokulula kakhulu.

Ukuqonda ezi nkqubo kubalulekile nakuwuphi na ummi oqhutywayo kwimpilo. Kulwazi olusemthethweni olumalunga nokufumaneka nokubhalisa, tyelela .gov okanye [FLT]Medicaid.gov

UMthetho wokunyamekela onokufumaneka: Utshintsho lwezamarike kunye nokhuseleko

I-ACA, eyatyikitywa ngumthetho ngo-2010, yatshintsha ngokusisiseko intengiso ye-inshorensi yempilo yabucala. Yazisa izikhuseli ezingundoqo ezichaphazela ubomi bemihla ngemihla ngqo: ukuvalwa kwemiqathango ekhoyo, ukuvumela abaselula bahlale kwizicwangciso zomzali de babe neminyaka engama-26, besusa imida yonyaka kunye nobomi babo kwiingenelo zempilo eziyimfuneko, kwaye befuna iinjongo zokukhusela iinkonzo ngaphandle kwexabiso. Umthetho wasungula iHealmendishorence Mekstary apho abantu ngabanye namashishini amancinane banokuthenga khona izicwangciso zokuthenga iirhafuzo ezithengwayo, kwaye wadala inkqubo yokuhlawula iimali ezithengwayo kunye nokuncitshiswa kwemali ukuze kwenziwe ii-inshorensi ezithelekayo.

Ulawulo lomanyano lweenkampani zeinshorensi kwiACA lunciphise inani lamaMerika angakhuselwanga ngamashumi ezigidi. Nangona kukho iingxaki zezobupolitika eziqhubekayo namadabi asemthethweni, ukhuseleko olungundoqo lweACA lusathandwa kakhulu kwaye luye lwayithemba kakhulu inkcubeko yempilo eMerika.

Inyathelo Lokukhusela Ibutho Labantu Kwimpilo Yasewonke

Urhulumente wesizwe, ngokuyintloko ngeZiko lokuLawula nokuthintela izifo (CDC) kunye neNational Institutes of Health (NIH), ukhokela imigudu yempilo kawonke-wonke echaphazela ubomi bemihla ngemihla. La maqumrhu ahlola ukuqhambuka kwezifo, aqhuba uphando, anikela imigaqo-nkqubo yokugoma, yokondleka, kunye nokusebenza komzimba, kwaye aphendule kwiimeko zempilo. Umsebenzi weCDC ekuhloleni umkhuhlane, ukuhlolwa kokhuseleko lokutya, kunye nokuthintela i-opioid eninzi kakhulu kusindisa ubomi bomntu yonke imihla. Ngexesha le ngxaki ye-COVOID-19, indima karhulumente ekuphuhliseni i-ooperation (Operpection Warp Fied), ukusasa, kunye nokhokelo lwempilo yaba yinxalenye ephambili yokusabela kwesizwe.

Impilo karhulumente karhulumente ikwanabela kwiinkqubo zempilo yoomama neyabantwana ezifana neSicwangciso Esikhethekileyo Sobuhlaziyo Sobuhlaziyo Soomama, Iimveku, kunye Nabantwana (WIC), esinika ukutya okunesondlo kunye nezonyango kumabhinqa akhulelweyo ancinane nabantwana abancinane. Imigaqo yempilo ekwimekobume ye-EPA ikwadibanisa kunye nempilo kawonke-wonke ngokulawula umoya kunye nongcoliso lwamanzi.

Izinto Zokuthutha: Ukufudusa Abantu Nezinto Ezithile

Urhulumente ubandakanyeke ngokunzulu kwizinto zokuthutha nokukhusela, eqinisekisa ukuba amaMerika anokuhamba ngendlela ekhuselekileyo nakhuselekileyo.

Iindlela Eziphakamileyo Neendlela: Iindlela Zokuncedisana Nezokugqitha

Inkqubo ye- Interstate Highway System, eyaqalwa ngowe-1956, yenye yeeprojekthi ezinkulu zikawonke-wonke embalini kwaye ixhaswa kakhulu ngurhulumente ngeNgxowa-mali yeSinyuko seHighway. Urhulumente uqokelela iirhafu zepetroli kunye nezinye iimali zomsebenzi ozihlawulelayo kunye nokuhambisa inkxaso yemali eseleyo ukuze kumiselwe ulwakhiwo lweendlela, ugcino, kunye nokulungisa. Ngoxa amaphondo egunyazisa kwaye elawula iindlela, imilinganiselo yorhulumente ilawula imigaqo-nkqubo, ukhuseleko, kunye nokusayina. Ngamaxesha onke uqhuba inqwelo-mafutha e-phandleni e-phandle — kwaye ubona ezo zibomvu eziqhelekileyo, ezimhlophe, kunye neenqweqwele eziluhlaza — usebenzisa ushishino lwe-omeli besave. Umthetho weBparderan I-Infraturealgradreal (2010) ugunya lemali elingunyaka-ibhiliyo, i-ibhilitiki entsha, i-efamagroma, i-ekhwe, i-enjini ye-omatika

Imimiselo yokhuseleko yomkhosi weNational Highway Traffy Ulawulo lokhuseleko lwezithuthi (NHTSA) imisela imilinganiselo yokhuseleko lwemoto, uqoqosho lwezemali (imigangatho ye-CAFE), kunye novavanyo lokungqubana kwengozi. Le migaqo inceda ekunciphiseni ukufa nomonakalo kwiindlela zethu kwaye iye yakhokelela kwimiqathango efana nezixhobo zokhuseleko ze-injini, ulawulo lwezibonelelo-elektroniki

Ukhuseleko lohambo lomoya nokulungelelaniswa kwakhona

Uhambo ngenqwelo-moya luyenye yezona candelo zilawulwa kakhulu kwezoqoqosho lwaseMelika, urhulumente wesizwe edlala indima esemgangathweni esebenzisa uLawulo lwe-Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) kunye noLawulo loKhuseleko lwezathutho (TSA). IFAA imisela kwaye inyanzelise imilinganiselo yokhuseleko kwinjongo yoyilo lwenqwelo-moya, ugcino-moya, kunye nomsebenzi; ilawula abaqhubi kunye nabalawuli beenqwelo-moya; kwaye ilawula inkqubo yesizwe ye-atSA, eyadalwa emva kokuhlasela okungu-9/11, ilawula iinkqubo zokhuseleko kwizikhululo zenqwelo-moya, ilawula iinkqubo zokhuseleko zenqwelo-moya, kwaye ilawula inkonzo yolawulo lwezomoya.

Urhulumente weSikhundla seNkcubeko seLikhulu lenqwelo-moya unika nangezibonelelo ngeSicwangciso seNkqubela-phambili (AIP) ukwenzela imisebenzi yezakhiwo zesikhululo seenqwelo-moya — inqwelo-moya, izalathiso zokuthoba, kunye nokuthotywa kwengxolo. Inkqubo ye-Elifsenti Air Service (EAS) icwangcisa iinqwelo-moya ezicwangcisiweyo kuluntu oluncinane nolusemaphandleni ebengasayi kugcinwa.

Uthutho lukawonke-wonke noRail wabakhweli

Inkoliso yamaMerika inxulumanisa uthutho lukawonke-wonke norhulumente wasekuhlaleni okanye norhulumente, kodwa urhulumente wesizwe unika inkxaso-mali ephawulekayo esebenzisa iFederal Transit Administration (FTA). IFTA inika inkxaso kumaphondo nakwimibutho yokulungiselela isixeko ukwenzela ooduladula, iinkqubo zeziporo, kunye nezitishi zokuthutha. Ulwabelo lwezibonelelo eziphambili zothutho lungafikelela kuma-80% okanye ngaphezulu.

I-Amtrak, iNational RailLourekand Passenger Corporation, ngurhulumente oqeshelwe umbutho osebenza ngengeniso yeziporo ezihamba phakathi kwenqanawa. Ngelixesha iAmtrak ingekho umbutho karhulumente, i-Amtrak ifumana iingxoxo zonyaka ezisuka kwiBhunga ukugquma ilahleko yokusebenza kunye neemfuno zekomkhulu. I-Corridor yaseNntla-Mpu, idibanisa iWashington, D.C., ithwala izigidi zabakhweli nyaka ngamnye kwaye iyi-sport enzima yezoqoqosho. Urhwebo lwe-Federal lweziporol luyaqhubeka lungumcimbini wengxoxo, ngenkxaso-mali ekhoyo yemiqobo eqhubekayo.

Unqabiseko Entlalweni: Unqabiseko Lwemali Olusemzimbeni

Akukho nkqubo karhulumente echaphazela abantu abaninzi baseMerika njengoKhuseleko lweNtlalo-ntle. Isungulwe ngowe - 1935, iSocial Security Administration (SA) inika intabalala yeengenelo ezinika abasebenzi neentsapho zabo umnatha wokhuseleko lwemali.

Iingenelo Zokuthatha Umhlala - phantsi

Iingenelo zokhuseleko loluntu zingumthombo oyintloko wengeniso kuninzi lwabakhulileyo baseMerika. Abasebenzi bafumana ityala ngokuhlawula iirhafu ze-Social Security (FICA) ebudeni beminyaka yabo yokusebenza, naxa bekwiminyaka yokuhlala umhlala-phantsi (ngoku engama-67) kwabo bazelwe ngo-1960 okanye kamva), bayakufanelekela ukuhlawulwa nyanga nganye. Inzuzo isekelwe kwingeniso ephakathi ye-avareji ekwiminyaka engama-35 yomntu ohlala ephezulu.

Le nkqubo isebenza kwisiseko sentlawulo-eni: irhafu yabasebenzi bangoku ehlawula abaxhamli bangoku. INgxowa-mali yoKhuseleko loNyaka, eqokelele iqokelela, ithenjiwe ukuba ikwazi ukuhlawula iinzuzo ezipheleleyo de kube malunga nonyaka wama-2033, emva koko irhafu eza kufikelela malunga nama-80% eeengenelo ezicwangcisiweyo. Lo msantsalo wexesha elide wemali ngomnye wezona nkqubo zibalulekileyo ezijongene norhulumente worhulumente, ngentelekelelo esukela ekunyuseni irhafuthelweni kwerhafuthezo ukuya kunyusa ixesha lokuthatha umhlala-mali okanye ukuhlisa iindleko zotshintsho oluphilayo.

I-inshorensi yokungaphumeleli

I-Inshorensi yoKhuseleko loLuntu (SSI) inika ingeniso kwabasebenzi abaneziphene ngaphambi kokuba bangabi namhlala-phantsi yaye abangakwazi ukusebenza. Ukuze bafaneleke, abantu kufuneka babe nemeko yempilo elindeleke ukuba ihlale ixesha eliwunyaka okanye ibangele ukufa kwaye bamele ukuba basebenze ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo kwaye kutshanje phantsi koKhuselo loluntu. I-SSDI iluncedo kakhulu kubasebenzi abagula kakhulu, abagula ngokumandundu, okanye abaneengxaki zempilo ebathintela ekubeni bafumane ubomi.

Le nkqubo inendlela enzima nesiseko esibalulekileyo sezibheno, esiye saba yimpikiswano. Kodwa kwabo bafanelekayo, i-SSDI inika uncedo oluncinane kodwa olubalulekileyo oluthintela ukurhoxiswa.

Osindileyo Neengenelo Zentsapho

Kwakhona uKhuseleko loLuntu lunika iingenelo kwabasindileyo kumsebenzi: abahlolo nabahlolo, abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 (okanye abakhubazekileyo), kunye nabazali abaxhomekeke kubazali abaxhomekeke kuluntu. Iingenelo zokusinda zinokubanceda intsapho igcine unqabiseko lwemali emva kokulahlekelwa ngumbonelelo. Ngokufanayo, iqabane nabantwana bomsebenzi owenziwe umhlala phantsi okanye okhubazekileyo bafumana iingenelo ezixhomekeke kwimali.

Ezi nzuzo zibonisa indlela uKhuseleko lweNtlalo olubanzi njenge-inshorensi yentlalo, hayi inkqubo yokuthatha umhlala-phantsi. Ikhusela iintsapho kwiziphumo zemali ezibangelwa kukukhubazeka, ukufa, nobude bobomi obude. Ukuqonda le mithetho kubalulekile ekucebeni ngemali, kwaye iwebhsayithi ye SSA inika ubuncwane obuninzi. Ukutyelela .gov malunga nolwazi lwasemthethweni.

Ukhuseleko Lokusingqongileyo: Umoya Ococekileyo, Amanzi Nomhlaba Ococekileyo

Urhulumente wasekuhlaleni unendima esisiseko ekukhuseleni imekobume ngemithetho, imimiselo nangamaziko amisela imilinganiselo yesizwe nokunyanzelisa ukuba ithotyelwe.

I-Arhente yoKhuselo lweNtlalobume (EPA) neMithetho yayo

I-EPA, eyamiselwa ngowe-1970, ngumbutho ophambili worhulumente ojongene nokulondolozwa kwempilo yabantu kunye nemekobume. Inika imigaqo ekwimeko-bume ephawulekayo ephucule ngokuphawulekayo ubunjani bomoya namanzi eUnited States.

I- Umthetho womoya ococekileyo (CAA) ugunyazisa i-EPA ukumisela imigangatho ye-Ambient Moyer Ubunjani besizwe (NAAQS) ukwenzela izinto ezintandathu ezingcolisayo: i-ozone, i-ozone, i-ocentulate, i-carbon monoxide, i-nitrogen dioxide, i-sulfur dioxide, kwaye ikhokele. Amazwe kufuneka aphuhlise iplani yokuvelisa imigangatho yokufikelela nokugcina le milinganiselo. I-CAA ikwalawula ukukhutshwa komoya kwimithombo yeselula (inqwelo-nqwelo-mafutha, iilorishi, ii-master mini), imithombo e-oyile (injikomfo), kunye nongcoliso yomoya obuyingozi. Ukususela kokusetyenziswa kwayo, i-sulfuredioxide , i-CA ithintele amakhulu amawaka amawaka abantu abafa ngaphambi kwexesha kunye nezifo zokuphefumla.

Umthetho wamanzi ococekileyo (CWA) umisela imilinganiselo yomgangatho wamanzi kwaye ulawule ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezingcolisayo emanzini anokuhlanjelwayo. Iye yasetyenziswa ekucoceni imilambo, amachibi, namanzi aselwandle, iyenze ikhuseleke ekuqubheni, ekulobeni, nasekuseleni. Umthetho kwakhona ukhenketha ukhuseleko olusezantsi kunye nothintelo lwe-oyile. Kulwazi oluninzi olukule mithetho yephawu, bona imithetho nemithetho ye-EPA. [[FLT:]

Ulondolozo Namazwe Kawonke - wonke

Urhulumente wengingqi ulawula malunga neehektare ezingama-640 ezigidi zomhlaba kawonke-wonke — malunga nama-28% ommandla womhlaba wonke wase-United States. IZiko ezifana ne-National Park Service, iNkonzo yeNtsebe yase-U.S., i-Bureau of Land Management, kunye neNkonzo yeeNtsimi yeNtsimbi ne-Wildlife ilawula iipaki, amahlathi, iindawo zokuzimela zasendle, nezinye iindawo ezikhuselekileyo. La mazwe anika amathuba okuzihlaziya, indawo yezilwanyana zasendle, kunye neenzuzo zezoqoqosho ezivela kwiindwendwe kunye nemithombo yendalo.

Iinkqubo zolondolozo lwendalo eziye zasetyenziswa nangamadoda azimeleyo. I-Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), elawulwa liSebe Lezolimo lase-United States, icela abalimi ukuba basuse umhlaba ochukumisekayo kwimveliso yezolimo nezityalo eziphucula impilo yomhlaba, umgangatho wamanzi, kunye nezilwanyana zasendle. INgxowa-mali yokulondolozwa kwamanzi inika inkxaso kurhulumente nakurhulumente wasekuhlaleni ukwenzela iipaki nezokuzonwabisa ngaphandle.

Ukutshintsha Kwemozulu Nokuzinziswa Kwayo

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, urhulumente wesizwe uye wathatha indima engakumbi ekusingatheni utshintsho lwemozulu. I-EPA ilawula iigesi ezishushu ezishushu ngaphantsi koMthetho we-Eatmor (elandela umthetho weNkundla ePhakamileyo ka-2007 ] Amasachusetts v. I-EPA), imisela imigangatho yokukhutshwa komphunga wezithuthi kunye neziko lamandla. I-Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) ka-2022 imela utyalo olukhulu lwemali kwimozulu kunye namandla acocekileyo embali, inika iirhafunxa nezishunqumiso zamandla avuselelwayo, ubuchule bombane, ubuchule bokwenza uphando lwemozulu, uphakamiso-moya kunye nolungeleniso lwemozulu.

Unqabiseko Lwesizwe: Ukukhusela Uhlanga Nabemi Balo

Ukhuseleko lwesizwe luyimbopheleleko esisiseko karhulumente worhulumente, yaye impembelelo yalo kubomi bemihla ngemihla ingqale yaye ayingqalanga, ukususela kwinkonzo yasemkhosini ukusa kwisikhululo seenqwelo - moya ukusa kwimiphumo yentlekele.

Imicimbi yokhuselo lomkhosi kunye neyoovimba

ISebe lokhuselo (DoD) lilelona sebe likhulu labasebenzi noqingqo-mali, elijongene nemikhosi yemikhosi exhobileyo — umkhosi, uMkhosi wamanzi, umkhosi woMkhosi woLwandle, umkhosi wamanzi, kunye noMkhosi weNdawo. Ngoxa lincinane kakhulu icandelo lamaMelika elisebenza kumsebenzi osebenzayo, indima yomkhosi ekunqandeni iintshaba ezidubulayo, ukuvelisa amandla kwelinye ilizwe, nokusabela kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo (ezifana neenkanyamba nezifo) zichaphazela uzinzo nokhuseleko lwesizwe.

Abo baye basebenza, iSebe leMicimbi yezempilo (VA) linika impilo, imbuyiselo yesiphene, iingenelo zemfundo, kunye nemali-mboleko yasekhaya. Inkqubo yempilo ye-VA yenye yezona ndawo zikhulu kwelo lizwe, enezibonelelo ezingaphezu kwe-1 200 lezigidi ezikhonza amagqala abhalisiweyo. Utyalo-mali lweSebe kumagqala luyimbopheleleko yokuziphatha nomkhosi owona uphambili wezoqoqosho.

Ukhuseleko Lwelizwe Lasemakhaya: Ukhuseleko Lomda Nezobunqolobi

ISebe Lokhuseleko Lomhlaba (DHS) lenziwe ngo-2002 ukuze liqinise imigudu yorhulumente yokukhusela ubugrogrisi, imida ekhuselekileyo, kunye nokuphendula kwiintlekele. Amasebe e-DHS aquka i-CFORM and Bordline Protection (CBP), i-Immigration and Customment Enforcementmentmentmental (IS), i-Feta), kunye ne-Agency Effective Exemperationmental Depagement (FEMA).

Inkqubo yokhuseleko lwasekhaya idla ngokuba semgangathweni wengxoxo yezopolitiko ngokugcinwa kwabantu abafudukayo, ukujongwa, nokuqondwa kwenkululeko yabemi.

Ukuphendula kwentlekele nokulungiselela

Xa inkanyamba ihlasela iGulf Coast, umlilo ovuthuzayo utshabalalisa uluntu lwaseKhalifoniya, okanye inkanyamba ehla kwi-Midwest, i-FEMA lisebe elikhokelayo lesebe lesizwe elilungelelanisa iintlekele. I-FEMA inika uncedo lwemali kubantu kunye neentsapho, izimali zokuhlala okwexeshana, izibonelelo, kunye nokuququzelela oorhulumente basekuhlaleni. Kwakhona eli sebe liququzelela iinkqubo zokulungiselela njenge-Ceardy.gov kwaye lixhasa iziphumo eziyingozi ezinciphisa intlekele zexesha elizayo.

Uncedo lwentlekele aluzenzekeli — lufuna isibhengezo somongameli esisekelwe kubunzulu beso siganeko. Kodwa kuluntu olufanelekeleyo, lunokuba luncedo oluluncedo ekuchacheni. UMthetho weStafford unika ilungiselelo elisemthethweni loncedo, kwaye iBhunga linika iingxoxo zokulungisa ukuhanjiswa kwezixhobo ngesantya esiphezulu kunye nokwanda kobuninzi bemozulu yentlekele.

Isiphumo: URhulumente woManyano njengeqabane elingatshintshiyo

Urhulumente wengingqi akangomntu othe ngqo okanye umkhosi ophazamisayo kuninzi lwamaMelika; liqabane elisoloko likho, elingabonakaliyo kwimikhwa yobomi bemihla ngemihla. Ukusuka kwimali egcina izibane zesikolo sasemaphandleni zisemgangathweni wokhuseleko olukhusela abakhweli kwinqwelo-moya yezorhwebo, ukusuka kuvavanyo lweNtlalo-ntle exhasa umdleleli kwimimiselo yokusingqongileyo eqinisekisa ukuba amanzi acocekileyo, izenzo zikarhulumente ziyawaguqula amathuba, ukhuseleko, kunye nentlalo.

Ukuqonda ezi ndima asiyonto nje efundiswayo. Kunika abemi amandla okusebenzisana norhulumente wabo — ukuvota beqonda izinto ezisengozini, ukuqhagamshelana nabameli babo ngeembono ezichaziweyo, nokufikelela kwiinkqubo neenkonzo abanelungelo lokuzifumana. Urhulumente wengingqi, ekugqibeleni, sisixhobo sokusebenza kunye. Okukhona sikuqonda kakuhle, kokukhona sinokuyisebenzisa ukwakha ibutho labantu elibonisa imilinganiselo yethu nemfuno yethu.