Ukubaluleka okucwangcisiweyo kolawulo oluphezulu lweRhulumente--union

Abaphathi-mikhosi basebenza njengebhulorho ephambili phakathi kolawulo lukarhulumente namawaka abasebenzi abamanyeneyo abasebenza kunye noluntu abasebenza kunye — ukususela ekulungiseni nasekuthutheni ukuya kwimpilo nakwimfundo. Indlela ezi nkokeli ezilawula ngayo ulwalamano nabasebenzi basekuhlaleni iphembelela ngokungqalileyo ukuba abantu basebenze kakuhle, basebenze kakuhle, kunye nomgangatho weenkonzo abemi abaxhomekeke kuzo yonke imihla. Kukude babe ngumsebenzi woluntu, ulawulo lwezibonelelo oluphezulu olufuna i-stavvy, ubuchule obungokomthetho, nokuqonda okunzulu kwezemali karhulumente.

Abaphathi bomanyano abaphumeleliyo abathethi nje ukuthintela ukuhlasela okanye ukumisa izivumelwano ngokukhawuleza. Kubandakanya ukwakha isakhiwo esincedisanayo apho izilangazelelo zabasebenzi, uluntu, kunye nempilo karhulumente zilungelelanisiweyo. Xa abalawuli besizwe besingatha umanyano olungeluhle, iziphumo ziquka ukudibaniswa okude, ukujika-jika okuphezulu, imveliso encitshisiweyo, kwanokuphazamiseka kwiinkonzo zikawonke wonke ezicetyiweyo. Ngokuchasene noko, ulwalamano olulungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo lungakhokelela ekulungiseni ingxaki, ekuphuculeni izibophelelo zabasebenzi, nasekuhlawuleni imali eninzi.

Ulawulo lwezibonelelo zephondo

Abalawuli bephondo — enoba ziirhuluneli, iintloko zeziko, okanye abalawuli abamiselweyo bonxibelelwano lwemisebenzi — bathwala iimbopheleleko ezichaziweyo xa beqhubana nomsebenzi olungiselelweyo. Le misebenzi ayiyonto izikhethela; isekelwe kwimithetho, kwimizekelo, nakwizinto ezisebenzayo zokuqhuba iqumrhu likarhulumente.

Izivumelwano zokuqokelela

Umsebenzi obonakalayo nowaneziphumo zesivumelwano esimanyeneyo (CBAs) kunye namaqumrhu. La maxwebhu agunyazisayo alawula ingeniso, iminikelo ye-inshorensi yempilo, imigaqo yemali yomhlala-phantsi, imithetho enqamlezileyo, ucwangciso lomsebenzi, kunye neenkqubo zezikhalazo. ICBA enye ingachaphazela amashumi amawaka abasebenzi kwaye iphulukane norhulumente ngenxa yexesha layo elingamawaka ezigidi. Abalawuli kufuneka bangene kwingxoxo ecacileyo ngokuqonda iindleko zemali zikarhulumente, ingeniso, kunye nembono yezoqoqosho. Kwakhona kufuneka bacinge izinto eziphambili zomanyano — ngokufuthi ezisekelwe kwixabiso le-569 ephilayo ephilayo, ukhuseleko, kunye nokukhuselwa komsebenzi. I-Skingleedolatemsssss isebenzisa ulwazi lokuthethelela izicelo, njengokuthelekisa i-mali ye-fashoni ye-beamfonsiti okanye i-mode ye-edensitike.

Izicelo zelifa lemveli zinqabile ukuzenzekela ngokwahlukana. Abaphathi-mikhosi belizwe kufuneka balungelelane neenkokeli ezilawula iinkqubo zemithetho elawulayo kwaye basenokuba nezabo iinjongo zobupolitika. Kwamanye amazwe, iofisi yerhuluneli ijonge ngqo ukubonelela, ngoxa kwezinye iibhodi zonxibelelwano oluzimeleyo zabasebenzi zimisela imithetho. Nayiphi na indlela eyakhiwe ngayo, amandla omphathi wokwakha ukuvumelana ngamasebe anzima. I-CBA engenziwangalungelelanisekiyo ityala kangangeminyaka emininzi — ukutshixa iindleko ezingekho mthethweni okanye ukumisela imithetho enzima ethintela ukusungulwa kwemisebenzi.

Ukulungiselela iNkqubo yokuSebenza nokuHlaliswa

KwaneCBA engcono ayinakulindela ukuba zonke iingxabano zasemsebenzini zivele. Abalawuli bephondo bamele bamisele iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo ezivumela abaqeshwa ukuba bacel ’ umngeni uqeqesho, ukutolikwa kwesivumelwano, okanye iimeko ezingakhuselekanga. Xa izikhalazo zinyuka zingaphaya kwesigqibo sangaphakathi, basoloko bebopha izindululo. Abalawuli kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba urhulumente unikela amatyala aqinileyo, afuna uxwebhu olucokisekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwemigaqo, nokuqeqeshwa kwabaphathi kunye nabaphathi.

Ukongezelela ekusingatheni izikhalazo eziqhelekileyo, abalawuli abahambela phambili bephondo bafaka imali kwimiqathango yokucombulula impikiswano yangaphambili. Ukusebenza, iikomiti ezisebenza kunye, kunye neentlanganiso ezithe rhoqo phakathi kwabameli bamaqumrhu kunye neentloko zeziko banokuphelisa iingxwabangxwaba ngaphambi kokuba babe zizikhalazo ezisesikweni. Oku kuzisa ixesha nemali ngoxa kukhuthaza isithethe sokuhlonelana.

Ukuvisisana nemithetho yemisebenzi

Abaphathi-mikhosi bephondo kufuneka basebenzise imithetho egqwethekileyo yokusebenza, kuquka iNational Labor Relations Act (NLRA) ukwenzela amacandelo azimeleyo, kodwa imigaqo enzima kakhulu yephondo elawula intsebenziswano yecandelo loluntu. Amanye amaphondo anika amalungelo athelekeleleyo, ngoxa amanye emisela imivuzo neengenelo kwimivuzo yemithetho-siseko. Abalawuli kufuneka bahlale ngokukuko kumthetho onxulumene netyala, imigaqo yolawulo, kunye nokucacisa iinkcazelo ezingokwasemthethweni kwiimbambano ezinjengembutho efunekayo, umsebenzi wezobupolitika, kunye nelungelo lokuhlasela.

Ngaphezu koko, imithetho karhulumente enjengeFair Labor Standard Act (FLSA) kunye neFamily and Medical Let Act (FMLA) edityaniswa ne-CBA imigaqo yokuthobela, idala imigibe. Iqela elisemthethweni lesebe likarhulumente — elidla ngokubekwa kwiofisi yegqwetha — linikela ukhokelo, kodwa igosa eliphetheyo limele lixhase impucuko yokuqonda okusemthethweni kulo lonke eli sebe.

Umhlaba Osemthethweni Nowezobupolitika WeeNdlela Zomsebenzi Kawonke - wonke

Imithetho yemisebenzi yesizwe neyoMsebenzi waseRhulumente

Isiseko somthetho somanyano lwabasebenzi bamazwe eUnited States. Malunga nesiqingatha samazwe, ukuthelekisa ngokusemthethweni kunelungelo labasebenzi abathile basekuhlaleni. Amanye amazwe abeke umda okanye akadibanisi mithetho, eshiya ulwalamano lwezinyuko kwimibutho engacwangciswanga okanye imiyalelo yegunya. Izigqibo zeNkundla ePhakamileyo, ezifana Janus v. AFSCME[FLT] [[FLT] [208] [208]), iye yabuyisela ulawulo lwelizwe ngokuthintela imibutho ngokuthintela imirhumo yemibutho engo abangengomalungu e-69 equququzeneyo, inyanze ukuba isebenze phantsi kwemodeli yezenzo zoburhulumente ezikhoyo. I-Uni i-RGPTPGPGenekalm iyakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-evironts (iecentiences) nokusetyenziswa kwe-evirontion, i-enze i-ethe ukusetyenziswa ngamandla.

Imithetho ecacileyo yeSizwe idibanisa olunye ulwaleko oluntsonkothileyo. UMthetho waseKhalifoniya umisela iinkqubo ezineenkcukacha zokuthengiselela kunye nezigwebo, lo gama amaphondo afana neTexas kunye neGeorgia ethintela ukuthelekisa intsebenziswano kuninzi lwabasebenzi bakawonke-wonke. Abaphathi belizwe abanamalungelo amaninzi afanele balawule amaqhina amaninzi — ngamanye amaxesha amaninzi — ngalinye elinezivumelwano ezahlukeneyo kunye nemihla yokuphela. Kumazwe angangenisi malungelo, abalawuli bangaqhubeka bebandakanye kwimibutho “yezama - 76and - comfereter", nto leyo efuna ubuchule obuninzi obufana nobekuthethwano olusemthethweni.

Impembelelo Yeepolitiki Neembono Zabantu

Abalawuli bephondo basebenza kwi-dollbowl. Isivumelwano ngasinye sinika, yonke intsebenziswano yezikhalazo, onke amazwi angeenkqubo zomanyano ahlolisiswa ngamajelo eendaba, yindlu yowiso-mthetho, ngamaqela abantu abanomdla, nangamaqela oluntu okuvota. Iinkokeli eziphakamisa ukunyulwa kwakhona zingathatha izimiselo ezinzima ukuze zibhenele kwiingingqi ezichasene ne-[6] okanye abameli bemida yobubele ukuqinisekisa ukugunyaziswa komsebenzi. Iintloko ze-Arhente ezimiselwe yirhuluneli echasene nomthetho wezobupolitika zingazifumana zibanjiswe phakathi kweminqweno yomanyano kunye nemiyalelo yezopolitiki. Kwakhona uluvo lukawonke lungathatha indima ephambili — ukubetha amajoni okanye abafundisi-ofisi abanyanzelwayo ukuba batshintshe indlela yokusebenza.

Ezi ngcinezelo zobupolitika zifuna abalawuli abanobuchule bokunxibelelana ngokunempumelelo. Kufuneka bachaze indlela evakalayo yokusebenzisa isivumelwano ngolwimi olucacileyo, bathethelele ukuchithwa kwemali okanye ukuvunyelwa kwindlu yowiso-mthetho, kwaye balawule indlela abantu abacinga ngayo ngemisebenzi yamaqhina omanyano. Ingxaki — efana nokubetha kwamagosa okulungisa isohlwayo okanye ukugula kwabasebenzi bezentlalo-ntle — ifuna unxibelelwano olukhawulezileyo nolucacileyo ukuze kugcinwe ukholoselelwano ebantwini.

Iingxaki Eziqhelekileyo Nendlela Abalawuli Ababoyisa Ngayo

Isalathisi soMsebenzi weNkqubo

Mhlawumbi eyona ngxaki ingapheliyo kukuxinana phakathi koxanduva lwabasebenzi kunye noqingqo-mali olulinganiselweyo. Ukudodobala kwezoqoqosho, intlawulo encinane, kunye neemali zemali ehlawulwayo ezingahlawulwanga, kunye neemfanelo zemali zempesheni ezingahlawulwanga, zidla ngokunyanzela abalawuli ukuba bafune imvume — intlawulo ebandayo, iingxubusho zabenzi be-inshorensi exhomisayo, okanye ukunciphisa amanqanaba abasebenzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo amatyala angokuwaxhathisa oku, kwaye amatyala anokukhokelela ekuhlaseleni iimali ezinkozo ezingakumbi zomsebenzi, okanye isibini esinentengo zemali ezibiza imali eninzi ngokuzinzileyo ekuqeqesheni imali eluncedo nekhuselekileyo.

Abalawuli abaphumelelayo basebenzisa “ubuchule bokuthelekisa obunempembelelo obusekelwe kubuchule bokuthelekisa”. Endaweni yokuthelekisa (ukufumana 2% vs. banikela nge-0%), bahlola izilangazelelo eziphambili — ixabiso lokuxelwa kwangaphambili nokusesikweni; amagunya axabisa ububhetyebhetye-bhetye kunye nolawulo lwexabiso lexabiso. Izisombululo zokuyila zivela, njengamaqula asekelwe kwimivuzo, anika imali egciniweyo esuka ekunciphiseni ixesha elininzi, okanye ekulinganiseni impilo ephindiweyo kunye neekomiti zokhuseleko ezibonisa ukunyuka kwemisebenzi.

Ukulungelelaniswa komanyano oluninzi

Amazwe amaninzi aneeyunithi ezininzi ezithelekisa imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo — abafundisi-lwazi, abongikazi, oononjineli, abasebenzi bendlela, abasebenzi bolawulo, nezinye ezininzi. Iqumrhu ngalinye linocwangciso lwalo, ukhokelo, kunye nomjikelo wesivumelwano. Ukudibanisa ii-asethi ezininzi zoovimba boomatshini bombane kwaye kusenokukhokelela ekuqhekekeni, nenye intlangano ebekwe ngemithetho ecwangcisiweyo kwabanye. Abalawuli balawula oku ngokumisela imigaqo ecacileyo kunye neeketafile zokukhutshelwa kwentabalala. Bakwasebenzisa iprojekthi, apho isivumelwano sesikhokelo sisetyenziswa kwiiyunithi ezifanayo, kunye nolungiso lwemeko ekhethekileyo yokusebenza. Oku kunciphisa iindleko zentengiso nokuqinisekisa ukuba amaqela ahlukene abaqeshwa asebenzayo alungelenelo.

Iinkalo zehlelo loLuntu: No76Strike imiqathango neeNkonzo eziSebenzileyo

Abasebenzi abaninzi belizwe abavumelekanga ukuba baxhaphake — umqathango osekelwe ekuqhubekekeni kweenkonzo zikawonke-wonke. Noko ke, amaqumrhu afumana ezinye iindlela zokusebenzisa uxinzelelo: ukusebenza kwe-totó à provinces, ukufowunela abantu abaninzi abagulayo, okanye ukutsala indlu yowiso-mthetho ukuze ixhaswe ngemali elungileyo. Abalawuli kufuneka bakhangele ezi ndlela kwaye balungiselele iiplani ezilungeleleneyo, ezifana nabaphathi boqeqesho ukwenza imisebenzi yangaphambili okanye ukwenza izivumelwano zomsebenzi kunye nezinye izivumelwano. Kwangaxesha linye, kufuneka bahlonele ilungelo lendlu yowiswano lokuziphindezelela nokuphepha izenzo ezinokubonwa njengempindezelo. Indlela elungeleleneyo — ekunikezeleni umsebenzi obalulekileyo, ukuthethwa okulungileyo — kuhlala ukuzinzile ukuzinziswa komthetho.

Izenzo ezingcono zolawulo lwemanyano olusebenzayo

Unxibelelwano olucace gca

Unxibelelwano olunyanisekileyo luyinto engundoqo yomanyano olusebenzayo. Abalawuli kufuneka badibane neenkokeli ezingaphandle kwemigaqo ecwangcisiweyo yokucebisana ngemibandela yomsebenzi, iinguqu ezizayo zenkqubo, kunye nenkxalabo yabasebenzi. Ezi ntlanganiso zakha ukuthembana zize zithintele iingxaki ezincinci ekukhuleni. Ukuba bhetyebhetyebhetye kukwathetha ukwabelana nge-data yemali — ukuxelwa kwangaphambili kwemali, ukubiza abaqhubi bemali, nokuxhotyiswa kwemali. Xa amaqumrhu eqonda izithintelo, anokufumana izikhundla ezifanelekileyo.

Ukuhambelana kwe-data

Unxulumano lwezibonelelo zengqesho zale mihla luxhomekeke kakhulu kwintsebenziswano yemali esetyenziswayo. Abalawuli kufuneka babe nokufumana ugcino-lwazi lwangoku kunye nolwembali kwimbuyiselo, iingenelo, ixesha elongeziweyo, ukujika, ukuphuma emsebenzini, kunye nokhuseleko lomsebenzi. Ikwanceda abalawuli abathelekisa iindleko zexesha elide zombutho wokwabelana, njengokwanda okunentsingiselo eluncedo kunyuswayo kwabanikazi bempesheni okanye ukutshintsha izicwangciso zempilo. Ukunikela olu nkcazelo etafileni edityani ekhuphisanayo kutshintsha incoko ngokwento.

Ukwakha Ulwalamano Oluhle

Ukulinda de isivumelwano siphele ukuze kungenelwe iingxabano. Abalawuli abasebenzayo bahlakulela ulwalamano unyaka wonke. Baya kwiintlanganiso zomanyano, baba nenxaxheba kwiikomiti zokulawula umsebenzi, baze baqaphele iminikelo ekhutshwayo yokuphucula inkonzo. Kwakhona banikela ekuqeqesheni abaphathi nabasebenzi beHR kubuchule bomsebenzi, kuquka indlela yokubhala imibango yokusebenza nokuphendula izikhalazo ngokufanelekileyo. Ulwalamano olomeleleyo aluthethi ukuvuma zonke izimbutho ezifunwa ngurhulumente, kodwa luthetha ukuphatha abameli bomanyano njengabagcini-matyala kunokuba baphakalise abatshaba.

Ikamva Labasebenzi Baseburhulumenteni

Ukwakhiwa kwecandelo likawonke-wonke kuyatshintsha. isigqibo sinyanzele ukuba amaqumrhu asebenze nzima ukugcina amalungu, nto leyo ekhokelela ekulungiseni izinto kunye neenkonzo ezisetyenziswa ngamalungu. Kwangaxeshanye, unyuko lomsebenzi wesitene, i-autom, kunye nezinye iimo zenkonzo (ezifana nezobudlelane bengingqi) zinika iingxaki ezintsha. Abaphathi borhulumente kufuneka bacinge indlela eziya kuchaphazela ngayo intsebenzi. Umzekelo, amalungiselelo omsebenzi akude aye aba yimbambano enkulu elungelelanisayo — zama ukuqinisekisa ukuba umsebenzi owenziwe nge-teomstiki uzaqhubekeka, ngoxa abalawuli bexhalana nge-equmrhu, imveliso, kunye nokukhukuliseka kwempucuko yoluntu.

Ukongezelela, ukutshintsha kwezizukulwana kuba abaqeshwa abasebatsha basenokuba nolindelo olwahlukileyo kulungelelwano lwemisebenzi, ukwahlukahlukana kwemitshato, nokusesikweni kwezentlalo. Amamanyano alungelelanisa oku kuhlala kufanelekile; lawo angaboni ukuba amalungu ayancipha. Abalawuli bezorhulumente ababandakanyeka kwimibandela eqalisayo — njengemigaqo-nkqubo yezothutho engabonakaliyo okanye ukusetyenziswa kobuchule bokuzenzela izinto ngendlela eyingenelo — aya kusetyenziswa kakuhle ukudibanisa izivumelwano ezithetha ngeemfuno zokwenene.

Ekugqibeleni, indima yabalawuli bephondo ekulawuleni imibutho yabasebenzi abasebenza kwiphondo asinto ithe ngqo. Kufuna ukufunda okuqhubekayo, ukuququzelela kwezobupolitika, kunye nendlela ecacileyo yokulungisa ingxaki nganye. Ngokumisela kwangaphambili ingxubusho esesikweni, ukuthobelana, nonxibelelwano olucacileyo, abalawuli belo phondo bangakha unxulumano lwezibonelelo lwemisebenzi oluxhasa ukusebenza kwabantu abaphezulu kunye nabantu abasebenza kunye nabantu.

Ingqungquthela yesizwe yeSizwe yoMasipala enika uphando olunzulu lomthetho, bona isikhokelo seNQUBO] ukuya kulawula ulwalamano lwamacandelo oluntu. Ingqungquthela yesizwe yeSizwe yoMgaqo-siseko inika ushwankathelo lwezwe lokuncitshiswa kwamalungelo [[[FLT:]]. Uhlolo lobugqaliselo [[FLT:] Janus[[FLT:] kwaye iziphumo zayo zifumaneka kwiSikongophele sePhondo [FLT] [FF:] [FFFF] [20] kunye nemisebenzi engcono].[FFUM] [FF]