IUlster Unionist Party (UUUP) ibingunobangela ophambili wobume bezobupolitika baseMntla Ireland ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Ngoxa ingxelo yeli qela isoloko ibhekisa kwiinkokeli zayo zamadoda kunye neencam eziphambili zokujika, iminikelo yamabhinqa ibibaluleke ngokufanayo, nangona ingokokoqobo. Ukususela kwiintsuku zakudala zombutho womanyano, amabhinqa aququzelelwa, aqhutyelwa, kwaye abumba inkqubo. Indima yawo ivela kumatsha - ntliziyo axhasayo ukuze anyule abameli nabalawuli abaphezulu. Ukuqonda le mbali akubonisi nje ukuphuhliswa kwangaphakathi kweUP kodwa kwaneendlela ezibanzi zokumanyana kwezobupolitika kwibutho labantu abahlukeneyo.

Iminikelo Yamandulo Neqela Lamabhinqa Elimanyeneyo

Ngaphambi kokuba kusungulwe i-Ireland esemntla, amabhinqa adlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiphulo lokuququzelela uLawulo lwasekhaya. Ngo1911, kwasekwa iUlster Women’s Unionist Councist Council (UWUC), ilungiselela ilungiselelo elisesikweni lamabhinqa ukuze alungelelanise imigudu yawo. I-UUUC ecwangcisiweyo yeentlanganiso, aphakamisa imali, asasaza uncwadi oluchasa uLawulo lwasekhaya. Ngencopho lwayo, yabiza amalungu angaphezu kwe-15,000, ilenza ibe nye yemibutho yamabhinqa amakhulu ezobupolitika eUnited Kingdom ngelo xesha. Iinkokeli zayo, njengeDady Londonderry neNol Craig, zasebenzisa impembelelo yazo kwintlukwano yokulwa noothothokazi olulwayo.

La mabhinqa amandulo awayemanyeneyo ayengaziniki nje iphulo lamadoda; ayevelisa iindlela zawo. Ayehamba kumagumbi e tii, ephethe iivenkile zokuthengisa imali, kwaye alungiselela amaza amakhulu okuthunga ukuze enze iibhanile kunye neyunifomu zamatsha - ntliziyo amadoda. Umsebenzi wawo wawuzimela ngokucacileyo ezopolitiko, ukhuselwe ngokufihlakeleyo njengokhuseleko lwamaProtestanti kunye nomanyano. Kodwa phakathi kweUUP, amabhinqa ayekhutshwe kwisigqibo. Iqela aliwavumelanga amabhinqa ukuba amela unyulo kwiOrange, nto leyo eyayiphembelela kakhulu kwimicimbi yezobupolitika, namalungu eqela amabhinqa eencwadi angenalwazi olungqalileyo ngokukhethayo.

IBhunga Lamabhinqa AseUlster Elixhasa Umanyano Emva Kokwahlukana

Emva kokwahlulwa kwe-Ireland nokusekwa kwe-Northern Ireland ngowe-1921, i-UUUC yaqhubeka isebenza njengomncedi wamabhinqa kwi-UP. Yayixhasa iqela kuzo zonke iinyulo kwaye igcina uthungelwano olunamandla lwentlalo. Abafazi balungiselela “isite ye-oxiniste,” ukuya kwindlu yocango, kunye neziganeko zemfundo. Imigudu yabo yayibalulekile ekulondolozeni imilinganiselo yokuziphatha kunye nomvoti kwimimandla yasemaphandleni. Kodwa ke, i-UWUCC yahlala ingaphantsi kweqela elikhulu. Yayingenamelo kwikomiti yesigqeba esiphezulu seUUUP de kube sekuseni konyaka ka-1940, kwanangoko, yayineenkqubo yemfundo encinane kuphela ekwakhenkenempembelelo.

Ngoo1920 nangoo1930 amabhinqa ambalwa aqhekeka azahlulwa kwisikhundla esinyuliweyo kumgangatho karhulumente wasekuhlaleni. Umzekelo, uMary McKeever waba ngumphathi wesithili sasedolophini eBlymena ngo1997, ngexesha iEleanor Sroule ekhonza kwiBhodi ye-Armagh of Guardians. La mabhinqa ayesoloko engabafazi okanye iintombi zamadoda aphambili akwizikhundla zomanyano, umlinganiselo owaqhubeka kangangamashumi eminyaka. Ubukho bawo banyamezelelwa ngenxa yokuba bugxininisa imilinganiselo yesithethe yentsapho, kodwa ayengafane abonwa njengabadlali bezopolitiki.

Iinguqulelo zasemva kwemfazwe kunye nokuhambela phambili okucothayo kwamabhinqa

Imfazwe yesibini yehlabathi yatshintsha iindima zesini kulo lonke uManyano loMntla Ireland, kwaye yayingeyonto ingaqhelekanga. Abafazi bathatha imisebenzi eyayigcinelwe amadoda ngaphambili kwaye bafumana amava olawulo kwimibutho yemfazwe. KwiUP, amabhinqa aqalisa ukufuna indima engakumbi ekumisweni kwenkqubo. Ngo1944, ekugqibeleni, iqela lavumela amabhinqa ukuba abe ngamalungu apheleleyo embutho-ntle yamalungelo okuvota alingana namadoda. Eli yayilinyathelo elibalulekileyo, nangona lathabatha elinye ishumi leminyaka ukuze anyulwe kwiPalamente yaseNorthern Ireland njengommeli we-UPUP.

UJoan Kirkpatrick wayengomnye wamabhinqa okuqala ukumela i-UUP kunyulo lwepalamente. Wakhuphisana nesihlalo se-Sponsont soMzantsi Antrim ngo1965 kodwa akazange aphumelele. Noko ke, iphulo lakhe laphulwa ngokubonisa ukuba ibhinqa linokuba libhaptizekile kwinkundla yezopolitiko yamadoda. Ngoo1960, iindima zamabhinqa kwiqela landisa ukuquka umsebenzi osemthethweni wekomiti kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwimicimbi yemithetho yezemfundo, impilo, kunye neenkonzo zentlalo. IKomiti yamabhinqa e-Uupuan’s Stadity, eyamiswa ngo-19591, yanika amalungu amabhinqa iqonga kwimicimbi ethile efuna ukuphakamisa imicimbi ethile kumabhinqa kunye neentsapho.

Iingxaki Nomthetho Wamabhinqa

Ukuqhambuka kweMibango ngasekupheleni koo-1960 kwavelisa imingeni emitsha namathuba amatsha kumabhinqa adibanisa amatsha. Njengoko ugonyamelo lwanda, amabhinqa amaninzi aye eshiya umsebenzi wesithethe ukuze ajolise ingqalelo kulwakhiwo loxolo lwasekuhlaleni. Abanye badibanisa amaqela anqamlezileyo njengaMadoda Onke, ngoxa amanye aye e-UUP ukuze akhuthaze ukusabela okunzima kokhuseleko. Iqela laza lazixakeka ukucombulula loo ngxabano, kwaye amabhinqa ayedla ngokufumanisa ethetha phakathi kobuxhakaxhakaxhakaxhakaxha phakathi kobu bobu bobuhlanga kunye namaqela alungelelanayo.

Ngexesha lonyaka ka-1970 kunye nowe-1980, i-UUUP yayinamabhinqa ambalwa kakhulu anyuliweyo kwisikhundla. Oyena wayebalasele yayingu Olive Morgan, owasebenza njengomququzeleli kwiNdibano efutshane edlulileyo yowe-1973. Omnye yayinguMary McAlleese, owayelilungu leUUP kumsebenzi wakhe wangaphambili ngaphambi kokuba ashiye ukungavisisani kwemigaqo. UMcleese kamva wasebenza njengoMongameli wase-Ireland, indima awathi kuyo wagxininisa uxolelwaniso. UP waqalisa ukuba iqela lakhe lamandulo lalitsala amabhinqa athile kamva afumana isikhundla esiphezulu kwenye indawo.

Nangona babengameleki kakhulu kwipalamente, amabhinqa ayekhuthele kwiiofisi zokusebenza, kumaphecana, kumaphecana, kumabhanki efowuni, kwaye enikela inkxaso ngokweemvakalelo kumalungu eqela ngamaxesha ayingozi. Ingqungquthela yaMantomba yamabhinqa iUUP, yokuqala eyaqhutywa ngowe- 1974, yaba sisiganeko saminyaka le esivumela amabhinqa ukuba asebenzise iinkonzo zezopolitiko aze ahlakulele ubuchule bezobupolitika. Yavelisa nezigqibo zemigaqo-nkqubo kugonyamelo lwasekhaya, ukunyamekela abantwana, kunye nentlawulo olulinganayo, ngokufuthi olwalunxulunyaniswa nesikhulu esiphethe amadoda.

Amabhinqa Akhokelayo Nabeziiofisi Ezicetyiweyo

Inkqubo yoxolo yee-1990 yavula indawo entsha yezopolitiko kumabhinqa angaphaya koMntla Ireland. I-UUP, phantsi kokhokelo lukaDavid Trimble, yaqalisa ukuthatha indlela engakumbi yokuthetha ngokuquququzelela. Ngo-1996, iqela lakhetha ibhinqa lalo lokuqala kwiNdlu Yoluntu: Sylvia Hermon. Waphumelela kwi-Mntla Mpuma ngokukhetha emva kokuthatha umhlala-phantsi. IHermon yakhawuleza yaba lilizwi elihloniphekileyo kwimicimbi yezomthetho nemithetho esesikweni. Waphinda wakhethwa kaninzi kwaye wasebenza njenge-Uuuncip ekuphela kweMP eWestminstern. Ubukhulu bakhe bazisa ingqalelo entsha kumabhinqa akwiqela.

KwiNdibano yaseMntla Ireland eyamiselwa ngo-1998, iUUP yaba namalungu ambalwa angamabhinqa. Noko ke, amabhinqa afumana izihlalo ngokuthe ngcembe. Amalungu eNdibano e-UUP anokuthenjwa aquka uJo-Anne Dobson, owamela iNtlangatho Ban ukuya ku-2017, kunye noRosemary Barton, owayemela uFermanagh noMzantsi Tyrone ukususela kunyaka wa2016 ukuya ku-2022. Omabini amabhinqa axhasa iingxaki zasemaphandleni, imali yempilo, kunye nemfundo. UDobson, ngokukhethekile, wayethetha ngenkathalo emva kokuxilongwa kwakhe ngumhlaza, esebenzisa amava akhe, ukunyanzela utshintsho lomgaqo.

Ucelomngeni Kwimeko Ekwindawo Engangcoliswanga Ngamadoda

Amabhinqa ase-UUP aye asoloko ejongene nemiqobo amadoda asebenza nawo angazange ayifumane. Unxulumano olusondeleyo lweqela ne-Orange Order, umbutho wamadoda kuphela de kube ngo-2012, lwadala imeko-bume apho amabhinqa ayesoloko ebonwa njengabancedisi kunangeenkokeli. Amabhinqa athe abuzwa ngeembopheleleko zawo zasekhaya ngexesha lodliwano-ndlebe, ngoxa amadoda engekho. Iqela lakwakwalwa nokungabikho kwenkxaso yangaphakathi, njengeenkqubo zoqeqesho okanye amaxesha okudibana namabhinqa anxibelelana nabo ngemisebenzi yabantwana.

Ngaphandle kwale miqobo, amabhinqa ase-UUP aye azenzela amajelo namacebo awo. IUP Women’s Forum, eyaphinda yabonwa kwiminyaka yowama-2010, inika indawo yokuqeqesha, yokuncokola kunye nokuxhasana. Ikwathatha amaphulo kwimibandela efana nokuxhatshazwa kwasekhaya, ukuphaphaza umhlaza wamabele, kunye neshishini lamabhinqa. I-forum iye yancedisa ekukhuthazeni amabhinqa aselula ukuba angene kwezobupolitika kwaye iye yanceda ekunyuseni umzekelo wamabhinqa asebenza kwimibathunywa bezonyulo zikarhulumente.

Amabhinqa Abalulekileyo Kwimbali Embi

  • Sylvia Hermon – Isebezelwe njengeMP yomNtla kunyaka ka1996 ukuya ku2019. Wayengummeli oqinileyo womthetho notshintsho lwamapolisa, kwaye ukuzimela kwakhe ukucinga ngamanye amaxesha kwamenza waphikisana nokhokelo lweqela.
  • [[NTL:0] Jo-Anne Dobson – MLA ye Kupt Bann (2017). Wayengumlawuli wempilo ka-UP nomphathi welizwi kwiinkonzo zomhlaza eziphuculiweyo.
  • Roseary Barton – MLA yeFermanagh kunye noMzantsi Tyrone (206-2022). Wajolisa kwimigaqo yezolimo, amaphandle abanzi, kunye nentsebenziswano yemida enqamlezeneyo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Mary McAleese – nangona zaziwa ngcono njengoMongameli wase-Ireland, uMcleese wayelilungu leUUP ngeminyaka yee1970. Umsebenzi wakhe ubonisa umahluko wendlela ezithatyathwa ngamabhinqa adibanisayo.
  • [[FLT: 0] ULady Craig[[FLT]-Umfazi weNkulumbuso uJames Craig, wayengumphathi kwi-UUC. Wasebenzisa isikhundla sakhe sobuNtlalo ukulungiselela ukuqokelela nokukhuthaza amagosa karhulumente kwimicimbi yamabhinqa.
  • [[NTL:0] UMary Peters -Ongengosopolititiko, iOlimpiki eyimendlela yegolide yayingumxhasi wexesha elide we-UP kwaye yakhonza njengommeli weqela, esebenzisa udumo lwakhe ukukhuthaza iinjongo zomanyano kunye nomsebenzi wokunceda.

Indima Yale Mihla Neenguqu Zeziko

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-UUP iye yenza imigudu ecacileyo yokwandisa umelo lwamabhinqa. Ngoku umgaqo-siseko weqela uquka ukuzimisela ukulingana kwelungu lomntu onegunya nakukhetho lwalo lokutshatiswa. Ngonyaka wama-2024, amabhinqa abambelele malunga nama-30% kwizikhundla ezinyuliweyo zeqela elikufutshane kumabhunga asekuhlaleni kunye neNdibano. Oku kungaphantsi kwe-parity kodwa kumela inkqubela ephawulekayo ukusuka kuma-1990. Abameli be-UUP abafana noKate Evans (I-Choaway noGlens), uJuiane-Anne Corr (Unival), kunye noDiane Dodds (owayesebenza njengeNk ye-DUP ye-DUP kodwa ebekusebenza kwiphiko lolutsha lobutholo) bayaqhubeka benyusa imbonakalo yamabhinqa kwi-UP.

Kwakhona eli qela liye lamkela imithetho ethetha ngokuthe ngqo ngokulingana kwe-athom. Lasungula “imali yokuphuhlisa amabhinqa” ukunceda abo batshatelwe ngezabelo zephulo, kwaye ngoku lifundisa ukuba nekhethe elingekho zingqondweni kwiikomiti zokukhetha. La manyathelo ayeyimpendulo engakumbi ekugxekweni kwangaphandle kwamalungelo amabhinqa kwaye ngokwenxalenye aqonda ukuba iqela elifuna ukutsalwa kwabatsha. Iwebhsayithi ye-UUP ngoku ivelisa icandelo elinikezelwe kumabhinqa kwiqela, ibalase impumelelo nokukhuthaza amalungu amatsha.

Ucelomngeni Namathuba

Nakubeni inkqubela iqhubeka, amabhinqa aseUUP asajamelana nocelomngeni olungapheliyo. Ukuma kwezobupolitika kuMntla Ireland kusahlala kungamahla, kwaye amanye amabhinqa athetha ngengozi yokuxhatshazwa kwe-intanethi kunye noloyiko. Ukulungelelanisa ubomi babantu neembopheleleko zentsapho kuhlala kunzima, ingakumbi kwiqela elingenamali eninzi kubasebenzi okanye inkxaso yabantwana. Umgangatho wesithethe wesifama se-iProgrance awucothisi ukutshintsha, kwaye amanye amalungu eqela angaphakathi asazijonga iindima zamabhinqa njengezokuqala.

Kwelinye icala, amathuba ayanda. Iinyathelo ezisetyenziswa ngamaqela aphakathi njengendawo yokuhlanganisana yamanzi yasemntla Ireland, nangona inganxulumani neUP, zibonise ukuba amabhinqa angasebenza kunye ekunqamlezeni. IUP isebenzisane nemibutho yamabhinqa ukulungiselela ukhokelo nokuthetha esidlangalaleni. Amabhinqa aselula abonakala ngokuqhubekayo kumajelo eendaba oluntu, esebenzisa iqonga ukucacisa iimbono zawo nokwakha iindidi zawo zezobupolitika. Ukususwa kwemithetho ye-Orangens Orlence yamadoda kukwanceda, kwenza kube lula ngamabhinqa ukuba abandakanye noluntu olubanzi ngaphandle kokujongana nobuso.

Isiphelo

Indima yamabhinqa kwiUlster Union Dirty ilibali lokuzinzisa nokuhambela phambili ngokuthe ngcembe. Ukusuka kumsebenzi omkhulu wokulungiselela we-UUUC ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini ukuya kumsebenzi wepalamente kaSylvia Hermon noJo-Anne Dobson, amabhinqa asoloko enyanzelela indawo ekusebenzeni kwesigqibo seqela. Iminikelo yawo iguqule imigaqo ye-UP kwimpilo, imfundo, kunye nenkqubela-ntle yoluntu, njengoko isoloko isebenza kwimithunzi. Iqela lanamhlanje liyakuvuma ukuba ikamva lalo lixhomekeke ekutsaleni nasekuxhaseni italentente emhlophe. Ngoxa uhambo oluya ekulinganani ngokupheleleyo ngokwesini nangokwesini kusuka kude, izizukulwana ezibekwe zibekwa zinyuke ngokukhula. I-UPUPUP inikela iqongasayinwe yimbali eqinileyo, kwaye ikhul ’ ukudibana namabhinqa amabhinqa alandelana.

Ukuze ufunde ngokubhekele phaya, bona imbali esemthethweni yeBhunga leUlster Women’s Union i- i-IIrish Ibali[, uhlalutyo lwamabhinqa kwezobupolitika zasemntla Ireland nge iintstutive of Irish Studies, Queen’s University Belfast, kunye nenkangeleko yexesha elinye yamaUPUPUP avela BBB [FLT:]