Ukuqonda Isiciko Somthetho

Uhlolisiso olunyanzelisayo asilulo uphando olusemthethweni. Ngokungafaniyo nophando loluvo lokwenyaniso, oluzama ukuqokelela ugcino-lwazi olungachananga, uhlolo olunyanzelisayo sisixhobo sonxibelelwano lwezobupolitika esifihlakeleyo njengevota. Luqala ngokuchanekileyo “umbhalo wesigqumo”, kodwa ngokukhawuleza lutshintshela kungcelele lwemibuzo exhobisayo ephazamisa ulwazi oluyingozi ngomvotezi okanye inkqubo. Umzekelo, umcebisi unokubuza, ukuba uyakwazi ukuba uCandida Smith uboniswe ngenxa yokubhata-bhata, nto leyo ingenza ukuba uvele okanye ungayivoti uvavanyo olufanelekileyo? [FF1], ingaveli indlela yokuzichaphaza izimvo zabo, nokuba ngaba ukutyholo luyinyaniso okanye luqinisekisiwe. Imanyano lwaseMelika lophando olungoompomponyolo olusemthethweni [FExlk)]

Uphando olucinezelayo ludla ngokwenziwa “zii-autocleat" okanye abafowuni abahlalayo abakhawulezayo bedlula kumbhalo, bephepha naliphi na ithuba lokuba umphulaphuli abuze imibuzo okanye afune ubungqina obufuna ubungqina. Lo mnxeba udla ngokuphelela kwisithili esithile okanye kumanani abantu, ujolise ekungajongwanga okanye ekurhoxiseni. Ngenxa yokuba unxulumano lufutshane kwaye umxhasi usoloko ufihlakele . . . .Njengeqela elizimeleyo eliziphakamisi liyazi ukuba liye lasetyenziswa. Le ngxaki ibangela ukuba kukhutshelwe uphatho lwenkcazelo yezobupolitika elula ukuthembeka kwentetho yedemokhrasi.

Isizathu Sokuba Kufuneke Uphaphele Ulawulo - melo

Umonakalo obangelwa kukunyanzelelwa kophando olugqithiseleyo ludlulela ngaphaya komjikelo wonyulo olunye. Xa abavoti bechanabeke kwinkcazelo engachananga, ukukholosa kwabo kwinkqubo yokunyulwa kuyawohloka. Uhlolisiso lwama-2019 lweZiko lophando lwePew lufumanise ukuba ngaphezu kwesiqingatha samaMelika akholelwa ukuba inkcazelo engachananga inokuba “nempembelelo enkulu okanye“ into enkulu" kwiziphumo zezobupolitika [[. Uphando lophando lwe-transfer lunyusa le ntsingiselo ngemiboniso yobuxoki phantsi komthunzi lwenzululwazi. Ngaphandle kolwazi olusasa, kwanabemi abahlala kulo banokuphenjelwa yimibuzo evakala njengenjongo kodwa iziva ngathi injalo injalo injalo isebenza ngezobugcisa ukuze baguqule iingqondo zabo.

Ixabiso eliphantsi nomngcipheko ophantsi wokuzibhokoxa ngokutyhalela phantsi kubenza babe sisixhobo esinomtsalane kumaphulo okuphelelwa lithemba. Ngokungafaniyo nezibhengezo zesithethe, ezinokukhangelwa zize ziphendulelwe ekuhleni, zityhaleleni izivotelo ezisebenzayo kwithunzi, zifikelela kwincoko yocingo yangasese. Okukuphela kwemilinganiselo esebenzayo kukuhlola okunguwonke-wonke onokuqonda nokuwakhupha la maqhinga ngaphambi kokuba bathathe ingcambu. Amaqela emfundo ngoko awayo angowona myalelo olungileyo wokufumana idemokhrasi ephilileyo.

Ukwakha Iphulo Lemfundo: Iintlawulo Zomsebenzi

1. Ukufunda nokubhala kwimithombo yezakhono ezikolweni

Eyona ndlela ihlala ihleliyo yokuzikhusela ekuchaphazeleni ukunyanzeleka kophando kukuchanabeka kuphando oluchanabileyo malunga neendlela zophando. Isikolo singaquka amaqela akwimilinganiselo yokuvota, umahluko phakathi komlinganiselo woluvo kunye nobuchule boluvo. Umzekelo, abafundi bangahlolisisa izikripti ezizimo ukusuka kwimiboniso enyanzelisayo yokutyhalwa kwenene (xa kususiwe iinkcukacha) baze bazithelekise nezikripti ezivela kuphando olusemthethweni olugunyazisiweyo zabahloli abanolwazi abanjengoGallufalu okanye iziko zophando oluphambili. Le ndlela ifundisa abafundi ukufumanisa imibuzo ekhokelayo, ukunyanzelwa kwemincindiswa kwemiboniso enzima, nokungabikho kwemincili yemintso ebomvu yemincili ekhutshiweyo.

Ukurhweba la manqaku kumaqumrhu oluntu okanye kwiiklasi zophando losasazo kuqinisekisa ukuba ummi ngamnye, kungakhathaliseki ukuba uvota, uyabuqonda ubuchule. Iintlangano ezinjenge ezisetyenziselwa ukubhalisa ulwazi lwamaMedia [[FLT: 1]] zinikela ubuncwane bamahhala obunokulungiselelwa le njongo. Ngexesha abatsha abavoti badibana nohlolo lwezaphulo, sele benesixhobo sengqondo sokuxhoma okanye ukulahla ulwazi.

2. Iindawo zomsebenzi zoLuntu neMibutho yoLuntu

Ngeli xesha imfundo esekelwe esikolweni inceda abavoti bexesha elizayo, abantu abadala abasele befuna ulwazi olufikelelekayo, olukhawulezileyo. Imibutho yoluntu, amathala eencwadi, kunye namaziko oluntu angafumana iindawo zoshicilelo ezichaza ukunyanzeliswa kohlolisiso ngolwimi olucacileyo.

  • Umahluko phakathi kohlolisiso lwembono, uhlolisiso lophando lwentengiso, nohlolisiso olunyanzelisayo.
  • Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezilumkisayo: umfoti ongafuniyo ukunika igama lomxhasi, imibuzo eqala ngokuthi “ukuba uyazazi...”, nezikripti ezingabuziyo ukuba kukho inani labemi.
  • Indlela yokusabela: Akuvumi ngokuzolileyo ukuphendula, cela igama nombutho womntu otsalele umnxeba, uze unikele ingxelo yobizo olukrokrelayo kumagosa karhulumente onyulo okanye kwiKhomishini Yonxibelelwano YeFederal.
  • Ukudlala indima esebenzayo apho abezileyo bazama ukubuyela emva kwisikripti esifanisiweyo.

Le miba ikwakhulisa ukhuthuzo lwengingqi. Xa abamelwane bebelana ngamava okufumana uphando olunyanzelwayo, eli qhinga lilahlekelwa bubuchule bokuhlwayela ukudideka ngokuzimela ngokwahlukileyo. Iindawo zokukhupha iindaba zasekuhlaleni zingandisa ezi misebenzi ngokufaka izilumkiso, nto leyo ebangela isiphumo sokuphinda-phinda.

3. Uqeqesho lwentatheli nokunika ingxelo

Abacholacholi-ndaba bangabagcini-sango abakhutshelwayo ngephulo, kodwa abaninzi abaqeqeshwanga ngendlela ethile kwimigaqo yokuvota kwezobupolitika. Amajelo e-media angasebenzisana neequmrhu eziqeqeshiweyo njenge-American Association of Political Concators (AAAPC) okanye amaziko okuvota emfundo ukunikela izifundo ezifutshane kubacholacholi-ndaba. Ubuchule obungundoqo buquka:

  • Indlela yokubona ukhupho-photho olutyhalelayo xa umvuli wempempe enika iskripti sokufowuna.
  • Ubungqina: khangela i-ID yondwendwe, wenze uphando kwintlangano exhasayo, uze uthelekise iskripti nemilinganiselo yokhupho eyaziwayo.
  • Ingxelo ecacileyo: kunokuba ipapashe ingcamango yobuxoki yophando olunyanzelisayo (enokulwandisa umyalezo), chaza ukuba iphulo lokuzivolo elinyanzelayo likho kwaye lithiye igama lomlandeli okanye iqela elisemva kwalo.
  • Ukuguqulela esi siganeko ngendlela echanileyo: ukucacisela abafundi isizathu sokuba uhlolisiso olunyanzelwayo luyingozi yaye oko banokukwenza ukuba bafumana uhlolisiso.

I-website [[FLT: 0] ye-APAOR inikeza ikhowudi ecacileyo yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha [[[FLT: 1] abacholacholi-ndaba bangathetha ngayo xa bevavanya uphando.

4. Ukufikelela kwamanani kunye neMibutho yoNyaka yoNyaka

I-Internet kunye ne-media yezentlalo inika i-tech-ntelligence esezantsi, imijelo ephezulu yokufumana ulwazi. Iintlangano zingadala iividiyo ezifutshane zokucacisa iividiyo, iinkcazelo, kunye nezinokusetyenziswa xa zidityaniswa ngemiqondiso elumkisayo ngemifanekiso engalibalekiyo. Umzekelo, ividiyo yesibini yeTikTok ingabonisa umfoti obuza umbuzo okhokelayo xa umbhalo uvala iflash: “Ngaba lo ngumsebenzi wokuzicinezela? ukuba uzama ukuguqula ingqondo yakho, ewe!" Ezi zinto zingasasazwa ngemibutho yokhuselo yokhetho, uManyano lwaMany Voters, namaqela okuziqululo lwasekuhlaleni.

Izibhengezo zezentlalo-ntle zobugxwayiba ezijoliswe kwimimandla okanye kwimimandla apho uphando olunyanzelwayo ngokwembali lubonakala lungabangela ukuba ufikelelo lwemfundo luncitshiswe ngakumbi. Ngenxa yokuba ukutyhalela kutyekele ekujoliseni ii-geographic ezithile, amaphulo amanani asenokubekwa kwindawo, kuqinisekiswe ukuba umyalezo wolwazi ufike ngexesha elinye xa utsalo luqalisa. Ukudityaniswa kwesantya nokujolisa kunokwenza imizila yemijelo ibe yinxalenye engundoqo yendlela ebanzi.

Ukulinganisa impembelelo yamaphulo okulumkisa

Ukuze bathethelele inkxaso-mali nemigudu yomlinganiselo, abafundisi-mfundo kufuneka bahlole enoba amaphulo aguqula indlela yokuziphatha.

  • [[FLT: 0] Inkumbulo enzima: Phambi nasemva kwephulo, abavoti bayabuzwa ukuba bazi ukuba luyintoni na uvotelo olunyanzelisayo. Ulwando kulwazi oluchanekileyo (umz., “isibizo esizama ukusasaza ulwazi olungalunganga phantsi komthunzi wokhetho”) sibonakalisa impumelelo.
  • Intshukumo ebhengeziweyo: Ukukhangela indlela abantu abaninzi abathi bazakuxhoma okanye baxele uvo lokutyhalela. Uhlolisiso lokulandela umlinganiselo ozokwenene wokunika ingxelo, nangona intelekelelo yento oyifunayo kufuneka ibhalelwe.
  • I-DOUTY] esebenzayo: Kuvavanyo olulawulwayo, abaphengululi bangafana nokutyhalela uphando kunye novavanyo lokuba ulwazi luthoba na umlinganiselo apho abaphengululi beguqula iimbono zabo. I-meta-analysis epapashwe kwi Journal yeProjectinging [[] ifumanise ukuba ungenelelo olufutshane lokufunda okugcina ulwazi lunciphile ngo 15=30%.
  • idata echazayo: iibhodi zonyulo nocingo lwe-FCC olubonisa unyulo lwefowuni ezikrokrelekayo. Isikhonkwane kwizikhalazo emva kwephulo lokufundisa sinokuba luphawu lokuba umyalezo ugqitha, ushukumisela abemi ukuba benze okuthile.

Ezi nkcukacha zinceda ekuphuculeni amaphulo exesha elizayo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba izibhengezo zamanani zivelisa inkumbulo ephezulu kodwa zibangela iqondo eliphantsi lokunikela ingxelo, kunokugxininisa ukuba zimele zibhalwe phi, njani.

Iingxaki Neempazamo Ekufuneka Zicingwe

Imiqobo emininzi inokuthintela ukuphumelela kwayo:

Ukutyeshela Ingqalelo Ephantsi Nomthwalo Ongaphezu Kwamandla

Izixhobo zokucholachola zidutyulwa ngenkcazelo ngexesha lonyulo. Umyalezo omnye omalunga nokuxinzelelwa uphando ungalahleka lula kwingxolo. Amaphulo kufuneka aphinde aphinde imiqondiso engundoqo yokulumkisa kumacala amaninzi nangaphaya kwexesha. Ukusebenzisa uburharha okanye i-roophrase engenakulibaleka (umz., “Ukuba ivakala ngathi ikhaba elibi kuhlolisiso, luphengululo olunyanzelekileyo”) kunganyusa ingqiqo.

Ubalo-lwazi lobuqu

Amanye amaqela aqhuba uphando olunyanzelisayo luye lwazizizizo, esebenzisa i-ID efowniweyo entsonkothileyo kunye nobizo olusuka kumanani abonakala eloo ndawo. Amanye aqalisile ukuquka umalathisi owenziweyo ekupheleni komnxeba (emva kokuba kubuze imibuzo eyeyiselayo. Eli qhinga lanelisa iimfuno zokutyhila okusemthethweni kwamanye amazwe ngelixa besafumana injongo. Oothisha mabahlaziye umjikelo ngamnye njengokhuthuzo lophatho lokwenza uphando.

Ukuxhathisa kweParisiya

Kwimeko- bume ephezulu, abanye abavoti bangalilahla iphulo lemfundo njengenxalenye yengxubusho yezopolitiko. Ukuphepha oku, imiyalezo kufuneka idluliswe yi-opartisan, amazwi athenjwayo asekuhlaleni((cbic inkokeli zengingqi, amagosa onyulo, okanye oonjingalwazi baseyunivesithi (_i-rather kunamaqela esizwe okungakhuthazi nkonzo. Ukuyibeka le mbambano njengemeko yokuthembeka konyulo, hayi inzuzo yeqela, kunokucutha ukuchasa.

Izilondolozi Zikavimba

Ingeniso namaqela onyulo asoloko enoqingqo-mali olulinganiselweyo. Kufuneka bagqibe enoba kufuneka bafake ingeniso kwimfundo yokunyanzela ukhupho-voti okanye ezinye izinto eziza kuqala ezifana nokubhaliswa kovoti okanye ukulwa ne-intanethi. Iinqanawa zokuncedisana neenkampani ze-media, izinikezeli, kunye neziseko zoncedo loncedo zinganceda ekuhlawuleni iindleko. Umzekelo, inkampani yefowuni inokunikela ngobugcisa bokuhlawula iibhanki zoqhagamshelwano ngoxa ifundisa nabathengi ngendlela yokuchaza indlela yokutyhala.

Ufundisiso Lwetyala: Iphulo Lelizwe Lokutsala

Umzekelo ophawulekayo wephulo lokufundisa elinempumelelo owenziwa ebudeni bonyulo lomongameli wase-U.S. 2020 eMichigan, eWisconsin, nasePennsylvania. Umbutho wamaqela angangeniyo epartistan, kuquka uManyano lwaMabhinqa Voters kunye neCampaignal Legal Center, wavelisa i-drive yolwazi olukhawulezileyo ngoAugust 2020. Bavelisa ividiyo echaza i-90-secomputer kwizikhululo zentsontelo zentsimbi ebhabhabhabhayo kwaye iqukunjelwe kwisixhobo sokugcina ulwazi. Le vidiyo yabonisa umnxeba: “Lo nguhlolisiso olukhawulezileyo, uzakuvotela uMnumzi woMnumzi woo." Wandule ke uvule umbhalo ochaza imiqondiso.

Uqhagamshelwano lwasasazwa nakumaziko oluntu lwabaphatho beenqwelo-moya abaya kubiza inombolo eshushu yomyalezo apho abavoti banokuxela khona iminxeba ekrokrelekileyo. Kwiveki yokundululwa, i-flyline eshushu efunyenweyo ngaphezu kwe-4,000 leengxelo. Uhlalutyo lonxulumano luqinisekisiwe ukuba abaninzi abaziwayo balingana nezikripti zokutyhalela. Le ngqungquthela yakwazi ukubiza igama elithe qela lisuka kunxulumano olusemva komnxeba, olubangela ukuba uphakamiso oluthe lwandise umyalezo wemfundo. Uphando lwePost-opera lufumanise ukuba ukucinezela uvavanyo phakathi kovoti kumazwe asenokuba asuka ku-34% ukuya ku-62 ku-Okthoba, kunye nepesenti yabavoti bezo bathi baxhoma kupha uphatho lwemintswa kuvavanyo olukrotyiso olukrokreleyo olusuka ku-19% ku-19%.

Ngeli xesha kungenakwenzeka ukubeka iziphumo ze-causal kwiphulo elinye, umgudu wama-2020 ubonisa ukuba inyathelo lemfundo eliphunyeziweyo, elidityanisiweyo elinqamlezayo lingaguqula ulwazi nokuziphatha kwabantu ngexesha elifutshane. Oothunywa abaphambili babekukukuthumela imiyalezo ecacileyo, ukuthembana kwasekuhlaleni, kunye nempendulo elula, enokuphunyezwa (ukubhala imigca eshushu).

Isiphelo: Umdlalo Ode Wokwenza Isandi Somsindo

Uvotelo locweyo olutshitshitshileyo alushenxi. Logama nje amaziko ephulo efuna iindlela ezixabiso eliphantsi, ezingafikelelekiyo zokuyekelela abavoti abangakhange bafumaneke, ubuchule bokwenza iprojekthi buza kusinda buze buzenzeke. Icebo asilokuhlalutya okanye ubugcisa kuphela.

Amaphulo emfundo asisiseko solu khetho. Ngokuzinzisa ukufunda iindaba ezikolweni, ukuqeqesha intatheli, ukubandakanyeka koluntu ngeendawo zokusebenzela, kunye nokusebenzisa izixhobo zamanani ukulumkisa, sidala ubuchule bokuziphakamisa obungasebenzi kakuhle kwaye obungathandekiyo. Wonke umvoti oxhomileyo, wonke umchongi obhenca umbhalo, umfundisi ngamnye ohlola umahluko phakathi kohlolisiso lokwenene kunye nomphetho onyanzelayo unegalelo kwidemokhrasi eqinileyo. Ngokukhawuleza, indleko, i-e-email, incinane kakhulu kunexabiso lexesha elide lokulahlekelwa kukuthembeka kwinkqubo yokhetho. Kubameli abaxhasi bengqibelelo, umsebenzi ucacile ngokucacileyo: ukufundisa kwasekuqaleni, ukufundisa, kwaye akaze acinge ukuba ukutyhafakelwa kwe-Fravision abafuna kakhulu ukhuseleko.