INational Human Rights Commission (NHRC) yaseIndiya isebenza njengesiseko sokhuseleko nokunyuselwa kwamalungelo abantu kwidemokhrasi enkulu ehlabathini. Imiswe ngo-Oktobha 12, 1993, phantsi koKhuselo lwamalungelo abantu, 1993, indalo yayo yaphawula inyathelo elibalulekileyo ekunikezeleni amalungelo abantu ekulawuleni amaNdiya. I-NHRC iquka amathemba abemi bemi belizwe abafuna ulawulo olusesikweni ngokuchasene nokwenzakalisa iinkqubo zenkqubo yempatho-siseko. Isebenza njengequmrhu likawonke-wonke, imisela igunya layo lokulawula imicimbi yezentelekelelo yezezokuziphatha, i-RGropola yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo [[FLT:] Imigaqo yemithetho yoburhulumente [[FLGLD:1], eyamisela imilinganiselo yezizwe ngezizwe ngemithetho elawula uluntu elungele ukulawulwa kwesizwe (NRI). Kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu adluleyo, i-Bhunga lomthetho, icebisa iingxelo zezonwa zezigwebo, iingxelo zemithetho ezimatyala zobundyezo zoburhulumente zoluntu, kunye nezo

IGenesis Nesakhiwo Sasemthethweni

I-geneis ye-NHRC isekelwe ngokunzulu kwisigqibo se-Indiya sokuzibophelela kwimilinganiselo yamalungelo abantu yezizwe ngezizwe kunye ne-ethos yayo engokomGaqo-siseko. UKhuselo lwamalungelo abantu, 1993 (ngoku uMthetho wamaLungelo oLuntu, 1993), wamiswa yiPalamente elandela iingcebiso zeKomiti eSimo ekwiNtlanganiso yasekhaya kunye nokuvumelana okukhula kwezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe. Lo mthetho uchaza ngokubanzi "amalungelo abantu" njengamalungelo anxulumene nobomi, inkululeko, ukulingana, nesidima somntu ngamnye oqinisekiswe ngumGaqo-siseko okanye ukwenziwa kwemithetho-siseko, onyanzelwa ziinkundla zezizwe, onyanzelelwa ziinkundla ze-Indiya. Le nkcazelo inika iNHRCRC ngegunya elikhulu, kwezobupolitika, kwezentlalo zoqoqosho, nangokwentlalo-ntle yoluntu. I-Skathekiptalog (inkulu lesivumelwano sesizwe) njengegunya lomthetho somthetho somthetho, i-oomathethobacuka.

Idinga kunye neSigqibo

Ukwenziwa kweNHRC yenzelwe ukuqinisekisa inkululeko, ukunyaniseka, kunye nobuchule obuninzi boqeqesho. IKhomishini inobuchule bokuphatha uSihlalo, omele abe yiJaji enguMphathi waseIndiya, kunye namalungu amane exesha elipheleleyo. Phakathi kwaba bane, omnye kufuneka abe yiJaji yeNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseIndiya, omnye owayesakuba yiNkundla ePhakamileyo, uJaji oPhakamileyo weNkundla ePhakamileyo, kunye nabantu ababini abanolwazi okanye amava asebenzisekayo kwimicimbi enxulumene namalungelo abantu. Ukongeza kula malungu exesha elipheleleyo, kukho amalungu afunyanwa, aquka amaCandelo eeKhomishini Zesizwe, uShedydys Caste neeSeptarders, Amabhinqa, uLungelo lwabantwana, nooFreans (oplets) kunye no-operant.

USihlalo kunye naMalungu bamiselwa nguMongameli waseIndiya ngokunconywa kwekomiti enegunya eliphezulu equka uMphathiswa, uMthethi weLok Sabha, uMphathiswa weKhaya, iNkokeli yeNkxaso kuzo zozibini iiNdlu zePalamente, kunye noSekela-Sihlalo weRajiya Sabhaha. Le nkqubo yokukhetha yamalungu amaninzi yenzelwe ukunikezela ngophawu olubanzi nolungekho yinxalenye kwiKhomishini, oluyikhuselayo kwiBhanile, ikhusela kwiGunyazo zolawulo lwezikhulu. Amalungu aba nesikhundla seminyaka emihlanu okanye de afikelele kwiminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe asixhenxe ubudala, esele zinikwe kwangaphambili, ukuba zifumane ishumi elikhuselekileyo ukuze ziphumele imisebenzi yawo ngokwayo.

Amandla nemisebenzi

I-NHRC isebenzisa amagunya athe kratya, afana nalawo enkundla yamakhaya phantsi kweKhowudi yeProcedire, 1908, ngokukhethekileyo ngenjongo yokuqhuba uphando. Ingabiza ize inyanzelise ukuba abantu babekho, bahlole amangqina phantsi kwesifungo, bafumane ubungqina kwii-affidavits, kwaye bacele nayiphi na ingxelo kawonke-wonke kuyo nayiphi na inkundla okanye iofisi. Eli gunya lekomiti lemithetho livumela ukuba liqhubele ngokucokisekileyo nangempumelelo uphando oluneyo kwimibutho elintsonkothileyo yabantu, liyenze ibe linye yezona ziqumrhu zomthetho ezinamandla eIndiya.

Ukuphanda Nokuphanda

IKhomishini ingabuza kwizikhalazo zokwaphulwa kwamalungelo abantu kusenokuba kwisicelo esibekwe lixhoba okanye kwiqela elinxulumene nalo, okanye ngokwalo ( usuo motu). Syuotu [ i-suous widget] isixhobo esinamandla esivumela i-NHRC ukuba isebenze kwiingxelo zezixhobo okanye ulwazi olufunyenweyo kulo nawuphi na umthombo othembekileyo, oluyenza ikwazi ukunikela ingxelo yokuchasana kwesixokelelwano somkhohlo ngaphandle kokulinda ulwaphulo-mthetho. Uphando lwayo ludla ngokubandakanya ukutyelela indawo yokwaphula umthetho, ukunxibelelana namaxhoba kunye neentsapho zabo, kwaye ikhupha imiyalelo yokukhulula okukhawulezileyo, njengoncedo okanye isinxephelo. Ikhonga elikhothatho lwamandla angene nakungene nakungene nakungene nakuthethwa komthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho phambi komthetho.

Ukuhlolwa noHlolwa

Ngaphandle kwezikhalazo zabantu ngabanye, i-NHRC yenza indima ebalulekileyo ekuhloleni ukuphunyezwa kwemithetho enxulumene namalungelo abantu nemigaqo-nkqubo yelizwe lonke. Ihlola umGaqo-siseko kunye nemigaqo-siseko ekhuselayo kunye nezixhobo ezisemthethweni ezikhusela amalungelo abantu zezezixhobo zamalungelo abantu zezizwe ngezizwe ukukhuthaza ukuphunyezwa kwazo okusebenzayo. IKhomishini incomela iintolongo, amaziko empilo engqondo, amakhaya abantwana, kunye nezinye iindawo zokunyamekela abaphathi-mikhosi, kunye nezinye iziko lokufunda iimeko zokuhlala, ukuphathwa kwamabanjwa, nokunamathela kwimigangatho yamalungelo abantu. Iingxelo zayo zaminyaka le, ezinikezelwe kurhulumente ombindi, zibekwe kwiPalamente, zisebenza njengoxwebhu olubalulekileyo lwamalungelo amalungelo abantu eIndiya, ngokufuthi lutsalela ingqalelo ekungaphumeleli kwenkqubo yenkqubo nokuncomela izibonelelo. I-NRCRC. Kwaye inkceda iindleko zemali kunye nomthetho obhekiselwa kuyo yimigaqo karhulumente yokuqinisekisa amalungelo abantu.

Uphando Nokufunda

IKhomishini yenza inxalenye ebalulekileyo yogunyaziso lwe-NHRC. Ithatha kwaye ikhuthaza uphando kumgangatho wamalungelo abantu, ilungiselela iinkqubo zokuqeqesha amagosa karhulumente, amapolisa, namagosa agweba, iqhuba amaphulo amakhulu okuphaphela ukufundisa uluntu. IKhomishini iphuhlisa izinto zokufundisa izikolo neeyunivesithi, ijolise ekwakheni amalungelo abantu kumgangatho wengca. Imigudu yayo yokuqeqesha amagosa aseburhulumenteni, amapolisa, namagosa akwamabamba imthetho, iqhuba imigudu emikhulu yokukhuthaza ukuzibulala kwabantu ngokungekho mthethweni, njengokusetyenziswa kwemithetho yokuzibulala kwiSikolo sezempilo, 2017, 2017, kunye nokuqiniswa kwemithetho echasene nokukhuthusa ngezandla. I-NHRC ikwaqulungela ngokungxamisekileyo imibutho yabemi, engekho mdlalwano kombutho, kunye nezizwe ngezizwe, kuquka nezizwe ezimanyeneyo kwizivumelwano ze-United Nations, i-odviron, ilungele ukuqhuba amalungelo abantu kwi-Act, 2017.

Impembelelo kuLawulo noLuntu lwaseIndiya

I-NHRC ishiye uphawu olungacimekiyo kulawulo lwamaIndiya, esebenza njengenja ehlala isongwa kunye nesizathu sokuguqula iziko. Ungenelelo lwayo lunyanzele urhulumente noorhulumente abasembindini ukuba bathabathe inxaxheba ngakumbi kumaxhala amalungelo abantu kwaye iye yanikezela ngomlinganiselo wokuziphendulela kwinkqubo edla ngokuphawulwa ngokuba ne-icertidal kunye neqhaga eliphetheyo.

Ukuthetha Ngogonyamelo Lwasemtshatweni Nokufa

Enye yezona nxaxheba zibalulekileyo zeNHRC ibikukukujongana nokufa kwelokufumana abantwana, ukuthuthunjiswa, kunye nokudibana kwenkohliso. IKhomishini yabekwa phantsi kwe-Sed Operating Procedures (Ii-SP) ukuze iphande ukubulawa kwabantu abatshayelelwayo, ukunyanzelisa ukunyanzeliswa kwe-athom yevidiyo, ukunyanzeliswa kwemibuzo, ukuphicothwa kwetyala, kunye nokunyanzelwa kwetyala ngokukhawulezileyo kwientsapho. Iimeko ezikhoyo, kuquka ukufa kwe-Uttar Pradesh neBihar, kunye nokubulala okungalawulekiyo okuphambili eManipuper, iNHRC, ingenelela, imbuyiselo eninzi, kunye nokuncomela ityala labaphuli-mthetho. Ukusukela kwayo okungapheli kokuziphendulela ityala kwezimeko kubangele iziphumo ezishushu, ukunyanzelelwa kwemikhosi yamapolisa kunye nemikhosi yamapolisa ukuba ilumke ngakumbi. [iFrea]

Ukucinywa kokuziphindezela kwencwadi

I-NHRC yenza indima ebalulekileyo ekubalaseleni ukusetyenziswa kwendlela yokuziphindezela nokutyhala okungalawulekiyo. Ngothotho lweendlebe zikawonke-wonke, iingxelo ezineenkcukacha, kunye nongenelelo olungqalileyo, iKhomishini yanyanzelisa oorhulumente ukuba baphumeze iProjini yeSebe njengeManual ScaReservers kunye noMthetho wabo wokulungisa isiphene, 2013. Yaqwalasela ukuphawulwa kwabahlali bencwadi, yalawula ukubuyiselwa kwabo, yaza yayalela imbuyekezo kwiimeko zokufa ngexesha lokucoca inkunkuma kunye neetanki. I-NHRCRC yanika ukuma okungqongqo okungazenziswayo "IPhibition of Manual Scca Resovation and Reveloption of Manual Sclacla Reversers" yanceda ukuzisa ingqalelo kwesizwe kulo ntlalo oluneyo luneyo.

Ukufumana Ukutya, Ukunxiba Nempilo

I-NHRC yasebenzisa uluvo lokwanda kwendlala nokungondleki, iwuphatha njengokwaphulwa kwelungelo elisisiseko lobomi phantsi kweGatya lama-21 lomGaqo-siseko. Yaqhuba uphando lwesizwe yaza yakhupha ingcebiso ebanzi kwinkqubo yokwandiswa koluntu (PDS) kunye neMid-Dy Meary Sirting Scheme, iqhubela ukuphumeza ukuphumeza okungcono nokuphendula. Ngexesha le-CHOID-19, i-NRC yadlala indima esebenzayo ekhethekileyo ekuhloleni ukufumaneka kokudla, indawo yokufihla imfuno, kunye nokhuseleko lwempilo lwabasebenzi abafudukayo, abafumana umvuzo wemihla ngemihla, kunye nabanye abantu abangenamandla. Yakhupha izikhokelo ezineenkcukacha zokulawula urhulumente nombini worhulumente, ibayalathisa ukuphunyezwa kwemiqatha yemiqatha yentlalo, eyabasebenzi abafudukayo, eyaba yinye yeengxaki ezinkulu kwi-Indiya ekwi-eaccunt.

Okusesikweni Kwemeko - bume

Iqonda uqhagamshelwano olungundoqo phakathi kwemekobume namalungelo abantu, i-NHRC isoloko ithatha isaziso sokuwohloka kwemekobume. Ikhuphe isaziso yaza yaqhuba uphando kwiNtlanganiso yekomkhulu lomoya kwiDelhi-Monational, ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma yemizi - mveliso, ungcoliso lomlambo, kunye nempembelelo yeeprojekthi ezinkulu zezibonelelo kwingingqi zoluntu. IKhomishini isoloko ibambelele kwelokuba ukulondolozwa okucocekileyo kuse ekuneneni kobomi phantsi kweGatya 21. Ungenelelo lwayo luye lwanyanzela iibhodi zokulawula ungcoliso kunye namagunya olawulo oluneyo ukuba athathe amanyathelo angakumbi ngokuchasene nabangcolisi beentshaba nokunika imbuyiselo kuluntu ezichaphazelekileyo.

Ukukhusela Amalungelo Amabhinqa Nabantwana

I-NHRC ithathe amanyathelo amaninzi okukhusela amalungelo amabhinqa nabantwana. Ithethe ngeembambano ezifana nokuhlaselwa kwamabhinqa, ukutshatiswa kwabantwana, ukuhlaselwa ngokwesini emsebenzini, kunye nokuhlaselwa kwe-asidi. IKhomishini iye yaqhuba iinkqubo zokuphaphamela ngamalungiselelo asemthethweni anxulumene namalungelo amabhinqa kwaye iye yanyanzelela ukuphunyezwa okungqongqo koKhuselo lwabantwana kwiScome Ofences (POCSO) uMthetho wayo. Iingxelo zayo ngemeko yamabhinqa asezintolongweni kunye nemeko yabantwana kumakhaya aselula ziye zabangela ulawulo kunye nolawulo lwezinyuselo lwezinyuko lwezemithetho-RGravitys kumazwe.

Iingxaki Nemilinganiselo Yokwakha

Ngaphandle kokuphumelela kwayo, i-NHRC isebenza phakathi kwezakhiwo ezininzi kunye nezithintelo ezisikelwe amandla ayo kunye nokusebenza kwayo. Olu celomngeni kufuneka lubhekiswe kwiKhomishini ukuze iwuqonde ngokupheleleyo umyalelo wayo.

Ubuchule Bokwenza Inkqubela

Owona mqathango ubalulekileyo weNHRC kukuba iingcebiso zawo azibopheleleki ngokusemthethweni kurhulumente. Ngoxa esebenza njengenkundla yamakhaya ngexesha lophendlo lwayo, imiyalelo yayo yokugqibela ikukuncomela nje okuphambili. Urhulumente akanyanzelekanga ngokusemthethweni ukuba awamkele, nangona kufuneka achaze ukungamkeli kwayo kwingxelo yoNnyaka kwiPalamente. Oku kugunyazisa ukuba ingcinezelo yezobupolitika, kunye nempembelelo yokuziphatha zizixhobo eziphambili zeKhomishini. Ngaphandle kokunyanzela, urhulumente ozimiseleyo okanye ongakhathaliyo angazityeshela ngokulula izindululo zeNHRC, anikezele ukungenelela kwayo okungasebenziyo kwiimeko ezininzi.

Izixhobo ezizinzileyo nezinemiqobo

I-NHRC ibandezeleka ngamanyathelo angaphantsi kwe-aval esetyenziswayo kunye nobunzima bemiqathango. Ngamakhulu amawaka ezikhalazo ezilindele nangaliphi na ixesha elinikiweyo, amandla eKhomishini okunika ubulungisa obufike ngexesha elifanelekileyo athintelwa kakhulu. Iphiko layo lophando lincinane ngokunxulumene, lixhomekeke kakhulu kumagunya karhulumente ngenxa yokuphunyezwa kwezicelo zawo kunye nombuzo, onokuthi ubangele inkxwaleko yomdla. Uqingqo-mali lwe-NHRC, ngelixa lwanele imisebenzi yalo esisiseko, lungakufanelekanga ukukhupha uphando, uphando, kunye noqeqesho lusebenza ngokulindelekile ukuba lusebenze. Lo mnikezi uthintelo lubeke umda onamandla okubandakanyeka kumalungelo awo asebenzayo kumsebenzi omntu kwaye ujonge ngokunempumelelo ummandla omkhulu weemeko lwendalo yamaIndiya.

Izixhobo Ezixhotyisiweyo Nemikhosi Exhobileyo

UKhuselo lwamalungelo abantu lufuna iNHRC ukuba ifune imvume karhulumente ophakathi phambi kokuphengulula izikhalazo zokwaphulwa kwamalungelo abantu yimikhosi exhobileyo. Eli lungiselelo liyenza buthathaka kakhulu i-odolo leKhomishini ekulawulweni kwemimandla enjenge Jammu ne Kashmir, Manipur, Nagaland, kunye namanye amazwe achaphazelekayo ngokungeyongozi. Ngoxa iKhomishini ingathatha uthu movance, lo mqobo we-processssss ulibazisa uphengululo kwaye ukuvumela ukutshatyalaliswa kobungqina, ngokunzulu ukulwa nokungazenziswa kwemikhosi yokhuseleko.

Ingcinezelo Yezobupolitika Nokungabikho Kobungozi

Ukusebenza kwe-NHRC kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwintsebenziswano yoorhulumente abasemaphakathi nabesizwe. Ukulibazisa ekubelaneni ngolwazi, ukungahambelani nezicelo, nokungasabeli okuqhelekileyo kumasebe karhulumente kuyinto engapheliyo. Inkqubo yokukhetha i-Cheaperson kunye namalungu, nangona enamandla amakhulu, iye yagxekwa maxa wambi ngenxa yokungabi nanto yakwenza nentlalo-ntle yabantu, nto leyo ekhokelela ekumiselweni okungasoloko kubonisa imilinganiselo ephakamileyo yenkululeko kunye nokuzinikela kwamalungelo abantu.

Ukuqinisa INTHRC Yekamva

Ukunyusa indima yayo kulawulo lwamaIndiya nokuqinisekisa ukuba ihlala ingumkhuseli othembekileyo wamalungelo abantu, utshintsho oluninzi lwekonkrithi luyimfuneko. Olubalulekileyo lubandakanya ukunikezela amagunya e-NHRC abophelelayo ukuze anyanzelise iingcebiso zawo, ukuyiguqula iqumrhu elincomelayo ibe ngumsebenzi osebenzayo wokuphendula. Ukuyinika ngempumelelo engakumbi yemali kunye nokuzilawula, kuquka inkqubo eyahlukeneyo yokubhalisa abasebenzi bayo, iyakunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwayo kurhulumente. Ukugunyazisa iKhomishini ukuphengulula imikhosi exhobileyo ngaphandle kokuvunywa ngurhulumente ngaphambi kokuba kuvunywe ngurhulumente, nokuqinisekisa ukuphendula komthetho wamaIndiya ngezona ndlela zilungileyo. Ukumisela inkqubo ezinamandla zeRhulumente ezifanelekileyo kwaye ziqinisekisa ukuba zifumane umgangatho olungele ukhuseleko oluphezulu lwesizwe kumalungelo abantu eIndiya.

Isiphelo

INational Human Rights Commission of India ihlala ibalulekile kwisakhiwo sokwakha sedemokhrasi selizwe. Iphumelele ekungeniseni intetho yamalungelo abantu ukusuka emacaleni ukuya kwimikhosi ephakamileyo yamaIndiya, inyanzelisa urhulumente ukuba athethelele izenzo zayo kwaye anike abemi amandla okufuna amalungelo abo. Ngoxa uhambo lwayo luphawulwe ngempumelelo ephawulekayo ekuthetheni ngogonyamelo lwelungelo lokugcina abantwana, ucalucalulo, nokungalawuleki kwenkqubo, luqhubeke lunyanzelwa ngumthetho, isakhiwo, kunye nemiqathango yezobupolitika. Ukuqinisa iNHRC asiyomfuneko nje yequmrhu; luyimfuneko engundoqo ekuphuculeni ulawulo-demokhrasi nokuqinisekisa ukuba amalungelo abo bonke abemi balo, ingakumbi ezona zinto zisemgangathweni namalungu aphantsi koburhulumente.