Ukwazisa

Uluvo lukawonke wonke lukwisiseko esiphambili kulawulo lwedemokhrasi, lusebenza njengebhulorho phakathi konyulo kunye nenkqubo yowiso-mthetho. Abenzi bomthetho basoloko bekhangela kwiimvakalelo zabasebenzi babo ukukhokela izigqibo ezingokwasemthethweni kwiindleko, kwimali eziphambili, kunye nemigaqo ebanzi. Ukuqonda indlela uluvo lukawonke-wonke oluphembelela ngayo iziphumo zemithetho-mthetho kuyimfuneko kungekuphela nje kubafundi benzululwazi yezopolitiko kodwa nakuwo nawuphi na ummi othenjiweyo ofuna ukuqonda amandla abumba imithetho abaphila phantsi kwayo. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa indima ebanzi yembono kawonke, ubuchule obungokwentelekelelo, ubuchule obusetyenziswa yinkqubo ekhuthaza imicimbi, uphando olungokwembali, kunye nocelomngeni olunentsingiselo kwimicimbiso oluchanayo.

Indima Yeembono Zabantu Kulawulo Lwedemokhrasi

Isiseko

Ulwalamano phakathi koluvo lukawonke wonke nenkqubo yowiso-mthetho luye lwaba ngumbandela wengxoxo ukususela ekusungulweni kolawulo-siseko lwale mihla. Imizekelo emibini ebalaseleyo ibamba imodeli yoxinezeleko abajongene nayo abasebenzi bomthetho: imodeli yokuthuma kunye nemodeli yokuthembeka. Kwimodeli yokuthumela. Abameli basebenza njengabameli abangqalileyo boothunywa babo, ngokuhambelana noluvo lwabo abaninzi abamelayo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, imodeli ethembekileyo ibamba amagosa athembekileyo ebeke isigwebo sawo, nokuba ayaphikisana noluvo lukawonke wonke, ekholelwa ukuba ubuchule bawo nokufikelela ulwazi luwaxhobisa ukwenza izigqibo ezingcono ngexesha elide.

Ubungqina Obunokufumaneka

Uphando oluthe rhoqo lubonisa ukuba uluvo lukawonke-wonke luphembelela inkqubo, nangona amandla ayo empembelelo ehluka ngokwembambano nangokopolitiko. Uhlolisiso lweziko lehlabathi lwenzululwazi yezobupolitika uRobert Erikson, uMichael Mackuen, noJames Stimson lufumanise ukuba imbono kawonke-wonke waseMerika yemiqondo .Ikhethelo yorhulumente engaphezulu okanye engaphantsi, atshintsha ixesha elide, kwaye oku kutshintsha kuvelisa utshintsho olufanayo kwinkqubo yorhulumente. Le nto inamandla ```enkcaso sokusabela-jwayelo-jsz'',' ifumanisa ukuba imbono kawonke wonke ayiyo nje ingumxhasi wendlela yolawulo kodwa ingumqhubi wemithetho.

Umlinganiselo weSindululo sikaRhulumente

Ngaphambi kokuba abaqulunqi bemithetho baphendule kwiimbono zikawonke-wonke, kufuneka baqale baqonde ukuba ziyintoni na. Zininzi izixhobo ezikhoyo zokuvavanya iimbono zabemi, nganye inamandla ayo kunye nokusikelwa kwayo umda.

Iindlela zokuguqula kancinane

Uphando lwangoku luxhomekeke kuphando olwakhiwe ngobuchule oluzoba iisampula ezingacwangciswanga zabemi. Ukuba lufefelwe kakuhle, uvo olucwangcisiweyo lunganika ucaphulo oluchanekileyo lwento ethethwa ngucandelwana lokhetho. Iintlangano ezinkulu zophando ezifana nePew Research Center kunye neGallup zisebenzisa ubuchule obuntsonkothileyo ukulungisa iingcinga zobuntlola nokuqinisekisa ukuba abameli bamele. Noko ke, kwanokhetho olungcono lunokuthwala umda wempazamo, kwaye iziphumo zingaphenjezelwa ngombuzo, indlela yolawulo (iphone, i-intanethi, iposi).

  • Uphando lwentezo-mfono luye lwabandezeleka kumgangatho wempendulo ehlayo, lwenza kube nzima ukufikelela kwisampuli engakhethiyo.
  • Kwindawo zokhetho ibiza imali encinane kwaye iyakhawuleza kodwa ingazisa ikhethelo lokukhetha ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba bahlukile kubemi ngokubanzi.

Impembelelo Yoyilo Lohlolisiso

Utshintsho olungacaciswanga kwindlela lombuzo ocaciswe ngayo lungavelisa iziphumo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ukubuza ukuba urhulumente ufanele “axhomekeke kakhulu kwimfundo” kusoloko kunika inkxaso ephezulu kunokubuza ukuba ngaba“irhafu zifanele zinyuselwe ukuxhasa imfundo.” Abenzi bomthetho namaqela abantu abanomdla bayayazi le ngxaki yokunwenwa kwaye bangagunyazisa uphando olukwimiba enika iziphumo ezintle. Ngenxa yoko, ulwazi olucacileyo loluvo lukawonke wonke kufuneka lutolikwe ngolumkiso, kwaye abalawuli bemithetho basoloko bexhomekeke kulwazi lwentsingiselo esekelwe kwimithetho echaphazamileyo kunokuba bahlole naluphi na olunye.

Ukuphenjelelwa

Ukuqonda ezi zinto kutyhila isizathu sokuba ezinye iimbambano zifumane imigaqo yowiso-mthetho ngoxa ezinye zisengxakini.

Impembelelo Engqalileyo Kubenzi Bomthetho

Eyona ndlela ilula kukunxibelelana ngqo. Iileta, ii-imeyili, umnxeba, kunye neentlanganiso zeholo yedolophu zivumela abemi ukuba bachaze iimbono zabo kwityala elijongekileyo. Xa abenzi bomthetho beqonda ukuba inkoliso yemibutho yabo ibambelele ngokuqinileyo, bangalungisa ivoti yabo ukuze baphephe umva othe ngqo. Oku kuyinyaniso ngokukodwa kwimiba ephezulu. . Abo bavoti bakhathalela ngokunzulu kwaye bangavota. Umzekelo obalaseleyo yinkqubo yeNtlalo-ntle: abenzi bomthetho abathi bathanda ukunqumla uxinzelelo olunamandla lukawonke wonke olunyanzela ukurhoxa.

  • Ingcebiso nemiboniso ingenza abantu bavakalise amalizwi, inyanzelise imiba kwimiba ehleli kwimithetho naxa abaququzeleli bomthetho beqala ukuxhathisa.
  • IReferenda kunye namanyathelo okuvota anika abemi indlela engqalileyo yokumisela imithetho ngokwabo, ukudlula ngokupheleleyo kwindlu yowiso-mthetho. Kwimimandla apho kukho ubuchule obunjalo, uluvo lukawonke wonke lungakuphelisa ukungathathi-nxaxheba kwemithetho.

Ucwangciso lwe media ne-Agenda

Ijelo leendaba lidlala indima enamandla ekulungiseni uluvo lukawonke-wonke kunye nemithetho ephambili. Ngocwangciso, ngokuphuma kwezazulu, izikhundla zeendaba zigqiba ukuba zeziphi imixholo efunyanwa yintelekelelo, ngaloo ndlela ziphembelela oko uluntu lukugqala njengokubalulekileyo. Ingxelo enye yophando ingandulula umba ofihlakeleyo kwisizwe, inyanzelisa abenzi bemithetho-mthetho ukuba baphendule. Umzekelo, i-Shynton Post echaza iWatergate[[ ikhuthaza uluvo lukawonke-wonke kwaye ekugqibeleni ikhokelela kwinkqubo yemithetho yemithetho elawula imigaqo. Ngokufanayo, i-mediadia i-opioidstion ibangela uxinzelelo loxinzelelo lomthetho olufana nolawulo lwezicaciso lwezi-Activesty and commentaltivectorus Act 201818181818181818.

Ukulayishwa kubaluleke ngokufanayo. Le mbambano inye inokuchazwa njengengxaki yempilo kawonke-wonke, umbandela woxanduva lobuqu, okanye isisongelo kukhuseleko lwesizwe, kuxhomekeka kwindlela amaziko eendaba akhetha ukuyilungisa ngayo. Abenzi bomthetho bayazichanaba kule miqathango kuba babumba indlela abantu abasabela ngayo ngokweemvakalelo kunye nokungafezeki kwemigaqo eyahlukeneyo yezobupolitika.

Amaqela Anomdla Nobuchule

Amaqela anomdla asebenza njengee-internet ezidibanisa uluvo lukawonke-wonke kunye nolwandiso. Imibutho echukumiseke kakhulu njengeNational Rifle Association, i-American Association of Retired Persons, kunye ne-Sierra Club isebenzisa uvavanyo, izibhengezo, kunye neziqhubo zengca ezikhuthaza ukunyanzela ukunyathela imibango yawo. Ngelixesha abahlalutyi bephikisa ukuba amaqela enzala anokugqwetha uluvo lukawonke wonke ngokunika izibonelelo ezityebileyo, la maqela akwasebenza njengeejelo lolwazi, alumkisa abenzi bomthetho ngobukhulu bemvakalelo yokuziva iphulo-ambutho lamalungu amakhulu, abayazi ukuba isithinteli esikhulu semi somvoti sinikela ingqalelo esondelene.

  • [[FLT: 0] Ukuxinga ]
  • Isakhiwo sokuqokelela [[FLT: 1] sivumela amaqela amaninzi aqokelele ubuncwane kunye nophawu olubanzi lwenkxaso okanye inkcaso kwimali, ukwandisa ubunzima obubonakalayo boluvo lukawonke-wonke.

Uhlolisiso Lweembono Zoluntu Oluchaphazela Umthetho

Imbali inikela imizekelo ebalaseleyo yendlela ingcamango kawonke wonke eye yaguquka ngayo yaza yatshintsha yazinzisa imigaqo - mthetho. Ukuhlolisisa la matyala kutyhila iimeko apho uluvo lukawonke wonke lunempembelelo enkulu.

IQumrhu lamaLungelo aBami kunye noMthetho waMalungelo oMsebenzi ka-1964

I-Civil Rights Movement ifana nowona mzekeliso unamandla wokuqhuba uluvo lukawonke-wonke lomthetho wesigqeba. Ngemibhiyozo engaphazanyiswanga, ngokuhlala, nangeMatshi eWashington, abaxhasi banyanzelisa ukucalucalulwa kohlanga kunye nocalucalulo kwisizwe. Imifanekiso ekhutshwayo yenkohlakalo yamapolisa ngokuchasene nabaqwalaseli abanoxolo eBirmingham nase Selmarma ibonakalisa uluvo lukawonke-wonke, iguqula uluvo lukawonke-" ikakhulu phakathi kwabamhlophe bamaNyakatho, , kwaye i-1934 . Umongameli Lyydon B.Johnson, umphathi wesizwe, wasebenzisa olu tshintsho ukuphelisa umkhosi wasemazantsi wedemon [[FLT:] kunye nokhuseleko lokuhamba komthetho welizwe [FLT] [FLT] [1] [1] Loluvo lwamanyuso sibona kakhulu].

Umthetho wokulawula imipu kunye neembono zikawonke wonke

Ukulawula imipu kunika uluvo olunzima kakhulu. Iingxelo zisoloko zibonisa ukuba ubuninzi bemithetho exhasa amaMelika afana nokuhlola imvelaphi yomhlaba wonke kunye nemithetho ebomvu. Kodwa ukudlula komthetho wemipu karhulumente obalulekileyo kuye kwanqabile, nomthetho wokugqibela ongundoqo nguMgaqo-mvume weBrady Handgun Violence Prevention Act. Umsantsa phakathi koluvo lukawonke-wonke kunye nesenzo somthetho womthetho womthetho womthetho usoloko ubangelwa kukuchaswa kobunzulu kwamalungelo emfazweni, impembelelo yeNRA, kunye luncedo lokwakhiwa kwemipu yemipu emakhaya, i-Roffota kwiN Cookin. Noko ke, emva kokudubula okukhulu eSandy Hook (202), kunye neParkland (2018), uvukelo lomsindo lwezimdlalo oluphumayo kumthetho kawonke wokwenza uluvo lwasekuhlaleni, ukuba utshintshe umgangatho omtsha wesizwe xa kusenze imbono wasekuhlaleni.

Ukutshintsha Kwemozulu Nomgaqo - siseko Wokusingqongileyo

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kuye kwasuka kwinkxalabo yeendawo zezobupolitika, iqhutywa kakhulu kukutshintshana kwembono yoluntu. Ekuqaleni koo 2000, uninzi lwabemi baseMerika luye lwabeka ukhuseleko lwemekobume phantsi kwezoqoqosho. Ekupheleni kowama-2010, uphando lwabonisa ukuba ulwahlulo olukhulayo lwe-voti-/inani labantu abaselula lokuTshabalaliswa kwe-20222 , oluye lwaquka ukutshintsha kwemozulu enkulu. Olu tshintsho luye lwabangela ukuba omabini abenzi bomthetho wezomthetho onxulumene nemeko-mo yezulu, ukusuka kwikharbon ehla-ntellificityssssssstion decureacetion. [[FLT]] U.[FLT] Umthetho wokwehlahlolo lwemeko lwemozulu eninzi eUS.

Iingxaki Ekufikeleleni Iingcamango Zabantu

Nangona kubalulekile, kunzima ukuthelekelela nokutolika indlela yokusebenzisa kunye neengcamango eziliqela ukuwenza nzima umsebenzi wokuguqulela ingcamango kukhokelo olunokuthenjwa kubenzi bomthetho.

Ukuphosa Izandla Nokungaphenduli

Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngaphambili, uphando oluchanekileyo luxhomekeke ekufumaneni uvavanyo lommeli. Umzekelo, uphando lokuphengulula iimpendulo zama-athom olusoloko lungaphantsi kwe-10% kuhlolo lwemfonomfono, lubonisa ubungozi bokuba abo bavumayo ukuthatha inxaxheba bahlukile kwabo bangathathi-nxaxheba. Utyetyo lungabangela iziphumo ezingezizo ezinzima. Umzekelo, uphando oluxhomekeke kwiminxeba yocingo yasemhlabeni ludla ngokungaphezulu kwe-prea, okuthelekisa abaphicoci abancinane, abasebenzisa iselula. Ubunzima bunganciphisa oku, kodwa akukho lungiso lugqibeleleyo. Abenzi bomthetho abaxhomekeke kuvavanyo olunesiphene banokusebenza kumfanekiso wemvo kawonke ogqwethiweyo.

Uluhlu lwezinto ezikhethwayo olunesiqabu kunye nokuBengezela kwi-Shift

Uluvo lukawonke-wonke alumi ndawonye; lungatshintshela kwintsabelo ngokukhawuleza kulwazi olutsha, iinguqu zezoqoqosho, okanye iziganeko ezibhekisa phambili. Ingxaki ingavelisa isijungqu esikhawulezileyo senkxalabo, kodwa inciphe njengoko iliso lihamba kwenye indawo. Abalawuli bajongene nengxaki ngexesha elifanelekileyo: ingaba bathathe inyathelo kuluvo lwangoku olunokujika, okanye balinde uphawu olucacileyo? Ucelomngeni lubalula ngakumbi kwimiba enzima efana notshintsho lwezempilo, apho ukuxilonga kudla ngokubonisa iminqweno ephikisanayo . / ugcino-ndleko olusezantsi kunye nokungathembaniki kolawulo lukarhulumente. Kwimeko ezinjalo, abalungisi-mthetho mabajonge ngaphaya kovavanyo oluthatha ixesha elide.

Ingxaki Yokungathobeli Nokungahambi

Asizizo zonke iimbono ezilinganayo. Ngaphezu koko, umvoti ovakalelwa kakhulu ngembambano ``````Ivota''' okanye amalungelo emipu'' usengozini yokuvota ngokusekelwe kuloo mbambano kunomntu othanda ngokunobulali. Lo mngeni unakho ukunyusa impembelelo yabambalwa ukuba baphenjelelwa kakhulu ngabambalwa; umlinganiselo ongaphezulu, apho imbambano iqulathe khona ingqwalasela yomvoti-ukuqhotyoshwa'. Ukuqonda ukuba uluvo lukawonke wonke luguqulela kwingcinezelo yokhetho. Umba othandwa kakhulu kodwa ongeyo ungatyeshelwa ngokukhuselekileyo ngabalawuli abalawuli; ngokuncokola, umngeni omkhulu kakhulu unganyanzeleka ukuba uninzi lwabantu luxhase ingxwa ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuqonda okubini ubunzulu noluvo oluqhelekileyo luchaphaza kuba lungxele xa uluvo oluqhelekileyo.

Isiphumo Nezixhobisi Zobudlelane

Uluvo lukawonke-wonke lunamandla anamandla kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho, kodwa impembelelo yalo ayizenzekeli okanye ayifani. Ulwalamano phakathi koko abemi bafunayo noko abaququzeleli bomthetho bakwenzayo luxhomekeke kwizakhiwo zoorhulumente, umsebenzi weqela, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ubuchule bonxibelelwano, kunye nocelomngeni lokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo. Kubafundi nakubafundisi, ezi mpawu zingqina ukubaluleka kokucingela ngokugxeka xa behlolisisa izimvo zikawonke-wonke.” Inani elithile lokuvota lisoloko lixelela lonke ibali; umongo, indlela yokusebenza, kunye nemeko yezobupolitika yonke into.

Kubemi abatshatiweyo, isifundo sisithi, amazwi afanelekileyo anganyuswa ngesenzo sombutho woluntu. Ukunxibelelana, ukuqhagamshelana nabameli, ukuba nenxaxheba kwimibhiyozo, nokujoyina amaqela oonogada zizindlela zonke zokwazisa uluvo lukabani, kwaye ukwandisa amathuba okuba abenzi bomthetho banikele ingqalelo. Ekugqibeleni, ulawulo-demokhrasi olufanelekileyo aluxhomekekanga kubukho boluvo lukawonke-wonke kuphela kodwa kubuchule bokuzichaza ngokunempumelelo nomlinganiselo ochanekileyo. Ngokuqonda impembelelo kunye nocelomngeni lomelo, iinkokeli kunye nabemi abalulwazi ngexa elizayo banokusebenza ukuvala umsantsalo phakathi kokuthanda nokulawula okuqhelekileyo.