Indima Yemibutho Yezobupolitika Ekupheliseni Imiphumo

Amaqela ezobupolitika ziinkqubo ezilungelelanisiweyo zedemokhrasi zale mihla. Abumba ukhuphiswano lwegunya, iminqweno eyahlukeneyo, kwaye aguqulela uluntu ukuba lulawule. Ngoxa abavoti ekugqibeleni bephosa iibhola kubathathi-nxaxheba, ukhetho olukhoyo, impikiswano, kwaye iindlela ezisetyenzisiweyo zichazwa ngokugqwesileyo ngamaqela. Ukuqonda indlela amaqela abumba ngayo iziphumo ezizimo zonyulo zibalulekile ngoko ke ekuqondeni amandla ezobupolitika zedemokhrasi, kwaye kuthabathele kwimijaho yebhunga yebhunga yengingi yesizwe kumaphulo kamongameli wesizwe. Olu hlalutyo lwandisa ivavanya impembelelo eninzi yamaqela, ivavanya ubuchule obufana nonyulo, ukuphuhliswa kweqonga, ukwenziwa kombutho, ukuquluko-ngqungquthela, ukuquluko-ongquluko, ukuqulutyaniso, kunye nemingeni yemibutho yezo yezoluvo ethethayo kwinkulungwane yama-21.

Imisebenzi Yemibhiyozo Yezobupolitika Ekwandiseni

Amaqela ezobupolitika enza imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo echaphazela iziphumo zonyulo ngqo. Le misebenzi yenza isakhiwo abavoti abasenza kuso izigqibo baze bamisele oorhulumente.

  • [[NTL:0] I-Recruit kunye ne-Vetting: Ithala lophawu, uloliwe, kunye nenkxaso yabantu ababaleka bekwisikhundla. Ubunjani kunye nesibheno sabathathi-nxaxheba bangagqiba enoba iqela liyaphumelela okanye liyalahlekelwa sisihlalo.
  • Iqumrhu leCampaign kunye neNqanawa: Imisebenzi yephulo, ilawula amatsha - ntliziyo, kunye nokunyusa iminikelo. Izibonelelo zazo zilingana ngokubalulekileyo ukufikelela kwemijaho, ingakumbi kwimijaho yebhola ephantsi.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ubhaliso lwevoti kunye nokuphakanyiswa: Imikhosi ichitha imali eninzi ekwahluleni abaxhasi, ebabhalise, kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba baphuma ngomhla wonyulo (okanye ngevoti kwangoko okanye ngeposi).
  • [[NTL: 0] Iplatform Article kunye neSicwangciso se-Agenda: Ipati yemithetho evelisa iqonga elisebenza njengesithembiso somxube kwivoti. Zikwacwangcisa ucwangciso ngokugxininisa imiba ethile (umz., uqoqosho, ukukhathalela impilo, ukufuduka) ngelinye ixesha zithatha icutha ezinye.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ulwazi-lwazi kunye nobuHeuric: Kubavoti abaninzi, ileyibhile yeqela yeyona ndlela inamandla yokuqwalasela abathathi-nxaxheba kunye neembambano, ukucutha ixabiso lokuhlanganisa ulwazi lwezobupolitika.

Le misebenzi ayingolawulo nje kuphela; ingulo ephambili evakalayo, enjani na imibandela efumana imvume, yaye ekugqibeleni, ephumelela okanye ephulukana nayo.

Iinkqubo zeQela kunye neziphumo ezi-

Inani namandla amaqela kwilizwe eli-$"inkqubo yeqela ``impembelelo yemisebenzi yonyulo'. Iindidi ezingundoqo zizixokelelwano ezizinxenye ezimbini, icandelo elininzi, kunye nenkqubo ezilawulayo, nganye ineenjongo ezahlukileyo zendlela unyulo olutyhileka ngayo.

Inkqubo Yecandelo Elibini

Kwinkqubo enjengeUnited States neUnited Kingdom, kukho amaqela amabini aphambili, yaye oku kudla ngokukhokelela:

  • [[FLT: 0] Ukhuphiswano lweCentripetal: Imisebenzi ihamba ukuya embindini ukuthatha umvoti wolawulo, uguqulela inkqubo yogqithiso.
  • -Uthatha-Zonke Iinzuzo: isithili esinye kunye novoti (ukuqala-phambili-kwindawo) zidla ngokuvelisa izinto ezinkulu ezizinzileyo kodwa zingashiya iqela elincinane ngomelo oluncinane.
  • Ukuvota: Ivota zinganqanda "ukuvota" kumaqela amathathu, ukuqinisa inxenye ezimbini ezinamandla.

Iinkqubo ezininzi

Ifunyenwe kwidemokhrasi ezininzi zepalamente (umz., iJamani, iIndiya, iIsrael), iinkqubo ezininzi zineqela elinenkxaso eninzi. Iimpawu eziqukelele:

  • IiRhulumenta zoTshenxiso: Unyulo lumisela amandla anxulumeneyo amaqela, kodwa ulawulo lokwenene lufuna uhlolo lwasemva konyulo, olunokuguqula iziphumo zenkqubo.
  • Iprojekti yomelo: imithetho ebanzi enika izihlalo ngokulinganayo ukuvumela amaqela amancinane aphumelele umelo, akhuthaza umgama omkhulu weembono.
  • Ukuququzelela kunye nokwenza kube ngcono: Ngelixesha kuvakala amava amaninzi, ukungaguquguquki okudibeneyo kunye neqhina lenkqubo. Unyulo lusoloko luxhomekeke apho umnqongo wamaqela ungayalela khona uninzi lwepalamente.

Iinkqubo zeDominita-Pateni

Kwezinye idemokhrasi, elinye iqela liphumelela ngokuphindaphindiweyo ixesha elide (umz., iMexico phantsi kwePRI kangangamashumi eminyaka, uMzantsi Afrika phantsi kwe ANC, iSingapore phantsi kwe PAP). Oku kungabumba iziphumo zokukhetha

  • Ukunciphisa ukungaqiniseki: Iimarike kunye neemarike zilindele ukuqhubekeka, kodwa amaqela achaseneyo azama ukufumana ukuthenjwa kunye nobuncwane.
  • IClientism kunye nezibonelelo zelizwe: Iqela elilawulayo lingasebenzisa ubuncwane bukarhulumente ukuqinisa uncedo lwalo, ukwenza unyulo lube luncinci ukhuphiswano.
  • I-Fetteral Factionism: Ukhuphiswano lusoloko lutshintsha ngaphakathi kweqela elilawulayo kunokuba phakathi kwamaqela, lutshintsha indlela iziphumo eziphembelela ngayo inkqubo yokukhetha.

Amakhonkco angaphandle:
- Iziphumo zotshintsho loMbutho: Iziphumo zeenkqubo ze-Electoral
- NOLWEME] : Iindlela zolwazi ze-Electoral [

Ubuchule Bempembelelo Yeqela Ehamboni Yevoter

Iziko lisebenzisa umbutho ngaphezu kweziphumo zonyulo ngokungenelela ngqo kwinkqubo yokwenza izigqibo zovoti. Ezona nkqubo zinamandla ziquka ukusetyenziswa kweqela, ukusetyenziswa kwemiqathango, umvoti, kunye nenkqubo zokuvota.

Ukwahlula iQela

Ukuchazwa kweqela (i-ID) lumanyano lwengqondo oludla ngokwenzeka besebancinane ebomini yaye luqiniswa yintsapho, zii-intanethi, kunye nokuvota okuphindaphindiweyo.

  • Zikhuthalele rhoqo abo baza kuba netheko, kwanaxa unganelisekanga.
  • Yisebenzise kakuhle ijelo leendaba eliqinisekisa ukuba iyakwazi ukulwa.
  • Lahla okanye uchaze kwakhona inkcazelo ephikisana neendawo zeqela.

Iinguqu kulwahlulo lweqela .ukusukela kwiziganeko ezingundoqo zokubuyiselwa kwesizukulwana okanye zokutshintsha iziganeko ```i-can' ezinyuliweyo' ukusukela kumashumi eminyaka. Umzekelo, ukuguqulwa kwabavoti abamhlophe basemazantsi e-US ukusuka kwiDemocratic ukuya kwiRiphabliki phakathi koo-1960 kunye no-1990 ngokusisiseko iziphumo ezitshintshiweyo zomongameli kunye nengqungquthela.

Ukuphanda Nokungahambi Kwabantu

Imidlalo ayiphenduli nje kuphela kuluvo lukawonke-wonke; ilungisa ngokukhutheleyo oko abavoti bakucingayo. Ngokuthumela imiyalezo ngeli phulo, ngokubonakala koondaba, nangezindululo zemigaqo, amatheko anga:

  • Phakamisa i-Screadce of the Its: Iqela elinomngeni wokhuseleko lwesizwe lingagxininisa kwizisongelo, lenza ukhuseleko lube yindawo yokuqala kumvoti.
  • Iziphumo ze-Flare kwinzuzo Yazo: umzekelo, isinqumla serhafu singafakwa kwisakhelo njenge "kukhula kwezoqoqosho" (iqela lepro-proctorars) okanye "ukungatyikityiwa kwezityebi" (iqela elilinganayo).
  • [[UMTL:0] Beka iziGcibo zeNkxaso: Ngokugqiba ukuba yeyiphi imiba yokuxoxa, amatheko ajongwa njengemo engangqalanga apho abathathi-nxaxheba namaqela bajongwa befanelekile.

UkuDala nokuHlaziya uLawulo loMfanekiso

Izahlulo zisebenza ngocoselelo umfanekiso kawonke-wonke wabaza kuthatha inxaxheba, zilungelelaniswa namaxabiso eqela lodwa xa zibalaselisa amandla obuqu. Oku kuquka:

  • [[FLT: 0] Ukudibanisa ingqeqesho: idityanisiwe iingcebiso zokuthetha ngaphaya kweenqaku, ezokudlulisela omnye, kunye nezonxibelelwano.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Intengiso ezithe ngqo: Ihlasela uphawu lotshaba okanye irekhodi yokucinezela okanye ukuguqula abavoti abangakhange baguquke.
  • Ingenelo yokucula: Izabelo zokuxhathisa ukubonakala, ukubophelela ityala, kunye neentlanganiso zomnikeli zabahlali, ziyenza ibe nzima kubacebisi.

Uphazamiso lomdlalo womhlaba kunye nokuphakanyiswa kwamaza emvula

Amaqela anamhlanje azibhokoxa kakhulu ekungeneni kogcino-lwazi oluzizivotelwa ngaphandle. Ubugcisa buquka:

  • Ukudibana ngqo okunyusa ukubhankiswa phakathi kwabaxhasi.
  • IVoting kunye neMail-in Ballot Chasing: Abaxhasi beqela abakhuthazayo ukuvota phambi kosuku lonyulo, ukunciphisa imiqobo emincinane yokugqibela.
  • Ulweyiseko oluvezweyo: Usebenzisa imincinane iqhubekekisa ukufikelela abavoti abajingajingi ngemiyalezo elungisiweyo.

Uphando lubonisa ukuba imisebenzi yasemhlabeni entle ingajinga iziphumo zonyulo ngeepesenti eziliqela, ingakumbi kufutshane nomva osezantsi kwimeko enjenge primerive okanye unyulo lwasekuhlaleni.

Indima Yezikolo Zesithathu Neziqu Zeqela Elizimeleyo

Ngelixesha amaqela amakhulu elawula, iqela lesithathu nabavoti abazimeleyo bangaphembelela ngokungenakulinganiswa kwisabelo sabo sokuvota.

Iziphumo Ezingqukuva

Kwindlela yokudibanisa, umvotelwa wesithathu angazoba ivoti eyaneleyo kwicandelo elikhulu lomvoti ukutshintsha uphumelele. Imizekelo yodidi iquka:

  • Iphulo likaRalph Nader elingoGreen Party lonyulo lomongameli waseUnited States lowe - 2000, abaninzi abathi lihle iFlorida (ngako ke umongameli) ukusuka eAl Gore ukuya kuGeorge W. Bush.
  • Iphulo likaJill Stein lowe - 2016 lokulawula amaphondo aphambili, mhlawumbi elichaphazela uGallary Clinton nxamnye noDonald Trump.

Usongelo lweziphumo zomonakalo ludla ngokukhokelela amaqela amakhulu kwicandelo lesithathu elithandwayo okanye ukutshintsha imithetho yokukhetha ukucinezela ukufikelela kwecandelo lesithathu lebhola.

Ukubuyiselwa Komgaqo - siseko Nolwando LweAgenda

Amaqela amathathu adla ngokuvelisa iingcamango eziye zathandwa ngabantu abaninzi.

  • IQela LeeNguquko laseUnited States likhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwamabhinqa, imithetho yokusebenza kwabantwana, nonyulo olungqalileyo lwamaqumrhu eendlebe ebutsheni benkulungwane yama - 20.
  • Amaqela aseYurophu ahlalisa imiqathango yemekobume nemigaqo ehlaziya amandla kwiminyaka yee - 1980 neyee - 1990.
  • Amaqela ahamba ngasekunene aseYurophu aphakamisa uququzelelo lokufuduka nolawulo lwesizwe, atshintsha amaqela akwiqonga asekunene.

Kwanaxa amaqela esithathu engawisi zihlalo, anokunyanzela amaqela amakhulu ukuba amkele iindawo ezintsha, ngaloo ndlela ephinda atshintshe ucwangciso lokhetho.

Ubungqina nokubuya

Amaqela esithathu angalungiselela abavoti abadidekileyo abavakalelwa kukuba abangamelelwanga ngamaqela amakhulu. Oku kunokuyandisa ngokulula iinguqu jikelele kwaye, okubaluleke ngakumbi, ukufaka abathathi-nxaxheba abatsha kwinkqubo yezobupolitika. Noko ke, ukuba icandelo lesithathu labavoti lijoliswe kwimimandla ekhuselekileyo, impembelelo yabo ilinganiselwe; ukuba bajoliswe kwimimandla ejikelezayo, baba yi-fekta.

Amakhonkco angaphandle:
- Imposiso: Isizathu sokuba Izahlulo Zesithathu Zifakelwe IManut

Iqhinga lephulo neziphumo

Amaqela anikela ngoovimba abaninzi ekuyileni nasekuphumezeni iindlela zephulo ezandisa amathuba awo okuphumelela/okanye, kwiinkqubo ezininzi, zokwabelana ngesihlalo esiphezulu okanye ukudibana. Umlinganiselo ongundoqo uquka ukujoliswe, ukuthunyelwa kwemiyalezo, kunye nolwabiso lovimba.

Izixhobo zokutsala ezijoliswe kuzo kunye nabaxhasi

Imicimbi kufuneka igqibe ukuba iza kungenisa kusini na isiseko sayo okanye iyiselele ekuzimeleni okungaxhomekekanga. Le calculus ixhomekeke kwinkqubo yovotelwa kunye nejografi:

  • Iqela elisisiseko: Kwimeko-bume ezigabadeleyo, ukunyanzela abavoti ukuba bajike kunzima, ngoko ke amaqela ajolise ingqwalasela ekukhuthazeni abaxhasi abanyanisekileyo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Purxasion: Kumaqela angewonga-ngaphangalelenga, okanye xa iqela linendlela emxinwa ekhokelela ekoyisweni, bajolise abavoti abakwi-memorifi ngokulinganayo ngemiyalezo ephakathi.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ijoni elijoliswe kumntu: Kwizithili ezinamalungu anye, amaqela agxininisa izibonelelo kwizihlalo zokhuphiswano kunokuba akhuseleke.

Ukubhikica Imigudu Embi Nokuchasana Kweenqwelo - moya

Uphando lubonisa ukuba izibhengezo ezingafanelekanga zinokuba luncedo xa zinokuthenjwa kwaye zijoliswe kwimibandela encinci okanye kwiimpawu ezingafanelekanga.

  • Umgangatho osezantsi wovavanyo oluthandwayo phakathi kwabavoti abajingayo.
  • Bathi xhakamfule abaxhasi botshaba ngokwenza bangabi namdla ngakumntu abaza kucela ukudibana naye.
  • Chaza umphikisi phambi kokuba azichaze.

Noko ke, ukuxakeka okugqithisileyo kungabuya iziphumo ngokucinezela ujiko jikelele okanye ngokuphazamisa umfanekiso womhlaseli. Amaqela acwangcisiweyo alungisa ungquzulwano ngokuxhomekeke kugqatso nakwimeko ye-media.

Iqhinga lamajelo eendaba kunye neNkxaso yamanani

Ngoku imidlalo isebenzisa iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zamajelo eendaba ezidibanisa izibhengezo ezingokwesithethe namajelo eendaba, amaqabane aphembelela izinto eziphilayo.

  • Ifaka imodeli: Isebenzisa ugcino-lwazi lomvoti ukuhambisa izibhengezo kumaqela athile amanani abantu okanye awengqondo esebenzisa i Facebook, iGoogle, okanye amaqonga aqukuqelayo.
  • Comment=Izinto ezijoliswe kulwazi oluphezulu: Ukwenza unikezelo lweendaba ngeziganeko, ucinezele ukhupho, kunye namathuba e virus.
  • [[UMTHL:0] Isicwangciso sokulungisa: Izabelo zangaphambili zengxoxo ezinyuswe ngetelefoni, ezinokutshintsha ngokuphawulekayo iimbono kwimigqalwano esondeleyo.

Kwakhona amaqonga amanani avelisa amagumbi eentlokoma akhuthaza ukunyaniseka kweqela, kodwa anokusetyenziswa kakubi ngabadlali bangaphandle okanye amaphulo okurhoxa agqwetha imiphumo yokukhetha.

Iingxaki Zempembelelo Yeqela Kwizinyuko Zexesha Elidluleyo

Ngoxa amacandelo ehlala esembindini, iziphumo ezininzi ziyapheliswa okanye zibhinqiswe indima yazo ekulungiseni iziphumo zonyulo. Ukuqonda ezi ngxaki kubalulekile ekuxeleni kwangaphambili unyulo lwexesha elizayo.

Ukuphelisa umanyano kunye nokwanda komsindo

Kulawulo-melo olumisiweyo oluninzi, umlinganiselo wabavoti kunye noqwalaselo olunamandla lwamaqela urhoxisile. Abavoti bakulungele kakhulu ukutshintsha amaqela phakathi konyulo okanye abaxhasi abasuka kumaqela ahlukeneyo beeofisi ezahlukeneyo. Le "impatho" yenza iziphumo zokhetho zingabi nakuqinisekwa kwaye anyanzeleka ukuba amaqela asoloko ethemba umvoti.

Unyuko lwePopulism kunye nokuthunyelwa kweSikolo-mali esilwa ne-Estalishity

Intshukumo yepopulist, esoloko ikhokelwa ngabantu bangaphandle bezobupolitika, ivavanya amabutho esithethe. Le ntshukumo ikhula ngokuhlasela amaqela njengamonakalanga okanye angasebenzi, maxa wambi ephumelela ngokuchasa ingqeqesho yeqela. Oku kungaphazamisa iqela eliqhelekileyo lokudibanisa kunye kwaye kukhokelela kwiinyikima zomhlaba ezingalindelekanga ezinyuliweyo 2016, iBrexit shendentum, kunye nokunyuka kwamaqela afana neFrank’s Five Star Move okanye i-rand.

Imali Kwezobupolitika Nemali Engenangqiqo

Indleko enyukayo yamaphulo kunye nokwanda kwenkcitho ezimeleyo (ii-PACs, 501(c) imibutho) ingakudibanisa ulawulo lweqela. Amaqela angaphandle angasebenzisa ezawo izibhengezo, athumele abavoti, okanye ahlasele abachasi ngaphandle kokunxibelelana neqela. Oku kungakubangela:

  • Vumela abo banikela ngezityebi baphembelele iqela labantu abaza kuqala.
  • Yenza amaziko aphambili aqhutyelwa phambili ngakumbi, njengoko abo bathanda ukuqhushumbisa bexhaswa ziipokotho ezinzulu benokucel ’ umngeni izimilo zeqela.
  • Yenza imiyalezo ephikisanayo, ukudida abavoti kunye nohlobo lweqela elibuthathaka.

Ingqibelelo epheleleyo kunye nokungafikeleleki

Imikhosi isebenza ngoku kwindawo apho ungqinelaniso lolwazi lusoloko luphikiswa. Amaphulo okuchaphazeleka `amanye amazwe okanye asekhaya') angacinezela ukurhoxiswa kwemijelo phakathi kwamaqela athile, abavoti abangakhange baxhaswe, okanye anciphise ukuthemba inkqubo yokukhetha. Amatheko kufuneka afake imali kuzo zombini (ukubhala iingxelo zobuxoki) kunye nokukhusela (ukujonga iinkqubo zokuvota, ukuphicotha iziphumo).

Utshintsho lomzobo kunye nogcino-lwazi lokuhamba

Amazwe ahluka kakhulu — ngokohlanga, ubuhlanga, unqulo, ubudala, kunye nendawo yokuhlala yasedolobheni-nedolophu. Imikhosi engakwaziyo ukuvisisanisa umngcipheko wokuphulukana nonyulo. Umzekelo, umzabalazo weRiphabliki yeRiphabliki yokutsala iSpanic kunye nevoti abaselula ngelinye ixesha ixhomekeke kwiziphumo ezibalulekileyo zokhetho lwasemaphandleni. I-Parimes kufuneka zisoloko zinyusa izibongozo zazo zokugcina imibutho iphumelele.

Amakhonkco angaphandle:
- Uphando: Partisan Polarection kunye ne American Electorate

Imbono Ethelekisayo: Impembelelo yeqela kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zedemokhrasi

Indlela abathathi-nxaxheba abazenza ngayo iziphumo zonyulo zahluka kakhulu kuwo onke amazwe, kuxhomekeka kwizakhiwo, kwizithethe zembali, kunye nenkcubeko. Ushwankathelo olukhawulezileyo lubalaselisa oku kwahluka.

I-United States

Imikhosi yecandelo ithotyelwe kakuhle, enolawulo olubuthathaka lwesizwe phezu kokhetho lomkhwelisi (ii-primities vs. uludwe lweqela). Le nkqubo yecandelo lesibini, idityaniswe nenkqubo enamandla yomongameli, ithetha ukuba unyulo lukwinqanaba lonyulo kodwa lukwintlukwano enzima. Impembelelo yeqela ihamba ngeengquthela zemali, ivuselelwa, kwaye yabelana ngohlobo lweqela kunokuba idityaniswe kwiqonga elisembindini.

I-Jamani

Iintlawulo zidibene kakhulu kwaye ziqeqeshekile. Inkqubo exubeneyo yamalungu alungelelanisiweyo inika amaqela (kunokuba ngabatshakazi ngabanye) amandla amakhulu ngenxa yokuba abavoti baphosa ivoti yesibini yoluhlu lweqela. Izithethe ziqhelekile, ngoko amaqela kufuneka anxibelelane ngezivumelwano zangaphambi konyulo kunye nolwakhiwo lolawulo lwasemva kokhetho, iziphumo zenkqubo yokulungisa.

I-India

Idemokhrasi enkulu yehlabathi inezahlulo eziphezulu zenkqubo entlukwano, ingakumbi kumgangatho wesizwe. Izahlulo zidla ngokwenza izivumelwano zangaphambi konyulo, namaqela esizwe njenge Bharatiya Janata Parti (BJP) kunye ne-Indiya National Congress kufuneka ziqhubele phambili, zihambe ngehlelo lonqulo, kunye nempembelelo yengingqi. Impembelelo yeqela isebenza ngemibutho exhasayo, amahlelo obuntu, kunye nezobupolitika ezingquzulanayo.

I-Brazil

Inkqubo yomelo oluvulekileyo lwaseBrazil inika amandla angakumbi kubantu abaza kuthabatha, kodwa ukulawula amaqela kulawula ukufikelela nokusasazwa kwengxowa-mali yeseko. Umbutho wobumongameli (umongameli owenza imibutho ebanzi, engaguquguqukiyo kwingqungquthela) uthetha ukuba iziphumo zonyulo kwindlu yowiso-mthetho zimiliswe kakhulu yizivumelwano phakathi kwamaqela, ngokufuduselwa kwemigca yeqela phantsi kwenkqubo yeBrasi ye "Inkqulukwano".

Amakhonkco angaphandle:
- [[FTL:1] IDEA : Isiseko sedata sePhondo lePhondo leNgxelo yeMali[[FTLT:2]

Ikamva Lezi Hlams Neziphumo Ezifanelekileyo

Njengoko ubugcisa, izithethe zasekuhlaleni namaziko ezinto zitshintsha, nendlela abathathi nxaxheba abakhetha ngayo iza kutshintsha indlela abakhetha ngayo abantu.

  • Imicimbi yecawa kunye nePartical Democracy: Imikhosi ingasebenzisa amaqonga e-intanethi ukuvumela ukuba nenxaxheba kwamalungu angakumbi kukhetho olufuna umdla kunye neengxoxo zenkqubo, eziwenza afumaneke ngakumbi kodwa atyekele ngakumbi kwimo yokwahlula.
  • Ubuntlola obuzenzekelayo kwiCandelo: izixhobo ze-AI zingenza ufikelelo olukhawulezileyo, zixele ukuphuma ngokuchanekileyo okuphezulu, kwaye zivelise umxholo onobugxwayiba kwisikali/ukukhuthaza ukusebenza kwemisebenzi yeqela lomhlaba ngexesha uphakamisa inkxalabo yendlela yokuziphatha.
  • Iinguqu kwindlela ye-Electoral System: Amanye amazwe ahamba ukuya ekuvoteni okucetywe ngokwezigaba okanye ekumeleni ulungelelwaniso, okunokuthi kunciphise ulawulo lweenkqubo eziziinxenye ezimbini kwaye kunike amaqela amancinci impembelelo engakumbi.
  • Ukungawasebenzisi Amalungu eQela eliqhelekileyo: Amaqondo asezantsi asenokunyanzela amaqela ukuba axhomekeke ngakumbi kubacebisi abangochwepheshe, kugcino-lwazi olune-alytics, nakwabo bangaphandle abanikelayo, okunako ukuthoba iingca zawo.
  • I-Climate kunye ne-General Politics: Abatsha abavoti babeka kuqala inguquko yemozulu kunye nobulungisa bentlalo, obunokuphinda buvuselele amaqonga eqela kunye nezakhiwo zombutho ozizo.

Ngelixesha amaqela ngokungathandabuzekiyo ezakuvumelana, indima yawo engundoqo njengemixube phakathi kwabemi kunye norhulumente(*) kwaye njengeengqalelo ezingundoqo zeziphumo zonyulo-"ibonakala ihlala ixesha elide. Abo bayiqondayo indlela amaqela asebenza ngayo baza kuxhotyiswa ngcono ukuqhuba nokuphembelela ubume bezobupolitika.

Isiphelo

Amaqela ezobupolitika ahlala engowona amagosa aphambili kwimigangatho yedemokhrasi. Afumana nabaqeqeshi, achaza ukhetho olunikwa abavoti, abaququzeleli, abaququzelela ingxubusho, kwaye alungisa incoko ekwinkqubo kawonke wonke. Noko ke, impembelelo yawo ayimi ndawonye. Ilawulwa ziinkqubo zonyulo, ezinyanzelelwa zinkqubo zomthetho kunye nokuthemba kukawonke wonke, kwaye icetyiswe yinkqubo ye-populism, ubugcisa, kunye notshintsho lwabemi. Kubafundi, nabemi ababandakanyekileyo, ukuqonda ezi zenzo zinamandla asiyo nje imfundo nje kuphela; lulwazi olusebenzisekayo lweziphumo zonyulo, lulindele ukutshintsha, kwaye lunenxaxheba kubomi bedemokhrasi. Enoba kumaqela amabini afana ne-United States, umanyano lwezikomkhulu njengeJamani, okanye ummandla we-obumbanozwe elifana noMzantsi Afrika, indima yezopolitiko elungele ukusetyenziswa kwamagqweledwa kwamaqela eepolitime eedimeni, omabini, amaqela alungelela onke amatyala.