Indima yenkqubo yerhafu yaseIndiya ekukhuthazeni ukuxhasa kwezemali

Ukufakwa kwerhafu kusisixhobo esingundoqo sokuzisa izigidi zabantu ezingathintelwanga naphantsi kwemibutho yezoqoqosho elungelelanisiweyo. Ngokuqinisekisa ukuba abantu kunye namashishini banokukwazi ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zemali ezithe ngqo. EIndiya, ilizwe elinabemi abaninzi abahlukeneyo, inkqubo yerhafu iye yavela njengesixhobo esinamandla sokuzisela izigidi zabantu abangakwaziyo ukubhangiswa nabangahlawulwayo imali. Ngezixhokoxo zenkxalabo, ukukhulula, kunye nokuthobela imigaqo-siseko solawulo lwerhafu, inkqubo yerhafu yokukhuthaza ukuthabatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zemali ezisesikweni, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwimicimbi yemali esekelwe kwingeniso, nokukhuthaza inkqubo yenkcitho. Inkqubo yerhafu e-mali ayiyo nje ingeniso; iyisixhobo esicwangcilwa kakuhle sokuguqula intlalo nezoqoqosho, ilungele ukuququlungela iinjongo zemali ezikhoyo.

Uhambo oluya ekubekeni imali eIndiya luye lwabalasele. Ukusuka ekuhlaziyweni kweebhanki ngo-1969 ukuya ekundululweni kwePradhan Manri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) ngo-2014, abanikeli bemithetho bebesoloko befuna ukwandisa ukufikelela kogcino-mali olusemthethweni. Le nkqubo yerhafu iyawuzalisekisa lo mgudu ngokudala iintshukumisa zezoqoqosho ezenza zibe yingenelo kubantu ngabanye nakumashishini amancinci ukwenza imisebenzi yabo yemali ilungelelene. Xa ngokuzithandela abemi bengena kumnatha werhafu, bafumana uphawu oluqinisekileyo lwemali, nto leyo ebangela ukuba bafumaneke ukufikelela kwityala, i-inshorensi, kunye nemveliso yorhwebo. Le nkqubo yerhafu ephakathi kwezoqoqosho neyo ekhuthayo, ukuqhuba imali ephezulu, ukurhweba nokuxhasa imali kwendlu yendlu yendlu.

Eli nqaku lihlolisisa indima eninzi yenkqubo yerhafu yase-Indiya ekukhuthazeni ukufakwa kwemali. Inika ushwankathelo oluneenkcukacha lwesakhiwo serhafu, ihlalutya iinkqubo ezizodwa ezilungiselelwe ukuzisa abantu kwizoqoqosho ezisesikweni, ivavanya ifuthe la manyathelo ekufakeleni i-metrics, kwaye ixubusha ngeengxaki ezizingisileyo kunye namathuba exesha elizayo okuqesha inkqubo yerhafu njengesixhobo sokunyusa ulwando lwerhafu. Uhlalutyo ludwelisa kwii-data zikarhulumente, iingxelo ezivela kwi-Reserve Bank of India (RBI), kunye neebheji zelizwe lonke ezibonisa inkcitho ebanzi yendlela esebenzayo yokufumana irhafuthezo eziluncedo zemali ngaphaya kwelizwe.

Ukwakhiwa Kwenkqubo Yerhafu YaseIndiya

Inkqubo yerhafu yaseIndiya idityaniswe ngeerhafu ezithe ngqo nezingangqalanga, ezilawulwa ngoorhulumente basembindini kunye noorhulumente. Ukuqonda le nkqubo yokwakha kubalulekile ekuqondeni indlela inkqubo yerhafu enokuthi iphembelele ngayo indlela yokuziphatha ngokwemali. Iirhafu ezithe ngqo, kuquka irhafu yengeniso kubantu ngabanye nerhafu yeshishini, ihlawulwa kwingeniso nengeniso. Ngokungqalileyo irhafu elungiselelwe ngokweenkonzo zeProfesi neNkonzo ze-SMS (GST), isetyenziswa ekuthengeniseni iimpahla neenkonzo.

Irhafu ehlawulwayo eIndiya isebenza kwindlela eqhubekekayo esetyenziswayo, apho abanikazi bengeniso ephezulu bahlawula ipesenti enkulu yengeniso yabo. Esi sakhiwo siqhubekayo siyilelwe ukunciphisa ukungalingani ngeli xesha sivelisa ingeniso yeli lizwe. Amaqondo erhafu aphantsi ngokuthe ngcembe ukutsala utyalo kunye nokwandisa umsebenzi wezoqoqosho, ngokugxininisa okuthile ekuveliseni phantsi kwe-Iprojekthi edityanisiweyo (PLI) isicwangciso somngeniselo. I-GST, esungulwe ngo-2017, ithathele indawo ye-webhsayithi yesizwe ne-omatilo-embini ngerhafu edityani, ngokulula irhafuthezo elisekelwe kwisakhiwo serhafuzo, i-GST icuthe imali yokuthobela iprojectivestion-inmentation Incentive Inteventiventiventiventiventsssssssssss, yenza kube lula ngakumbi ukuba basebenze ngendlela esemthethweni kunye nokufikelela kwiminxeka yemali.

Inkqubo yerhafu ikwaquka iishefu ezahlukeneyo, iintengiso, kunye neenkokhelo ezithi zixhaswe iinkqubo ezithile. Umzekelo, impilo kunye nemfundo inika irhafu yemali yempilo kawonke-wonke kunye neephulo zemfundo, ezijongene nokuncitshiswa kobuhlwempu kunye nokufundiswa kwemali. Inkqubo yerhafu ilawulwa yiBhodi yeNteksi ePhakathi-Mpati (CBDT) ukwenzela iirhafu ezithe ngqo kunye neBhotelevism-mfom zeN, irhafu ephakathi (CBIC) ukwenzela irhafu engekho mthethweni. Ubugcisa buye basebenzisa indima etshintshayo ekulawuleni irhafu, kunye nesebe lerhafu yengeniso yerhafu kunye neGSTTTMTMTynetic travelvel ibangela ukusetyenziswa kwamanani amanani athelekayo, okuye afikeleleka kaninzi

Umbilini wemali owenziwa yinkqubo yerhafu ixhasa ngqo iinkqubo zokufakwa kwemali. Umzekelo, ukuzimisela kukarhulumente ukunikezela ngongenelo lwebhanki jikelele phantsi kwe-PMJDY kuxhaswa yimali yerhafu. Ngokufanayo, inkxaso-mali yonxulumano lwe-LPG, umbane, kunye nezindlu phantsi kocwangciso olufana no-Ujjwala kunye ne-PMS Yas Yahoja zisasazwa ngokugqithiswa okuzingeneleyo (DBHT) okunxulumene ne-Ahaadar, okufuna abaxhamkeli bee-akhawunti zebhanki. Ngalo ndlela, inkqubo yerhafu ayibathanga kuphela i-antificity kodwa ikwanikezela ngezixhobo eziyimfuneko ukuze igcinwe.

Amagosa aphambili erhafu aqhubela ekudibaniseni imali

Urhulumente waseIndiya uqalisile uludwe lwemigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu elungiselelwe ngokucacileyo ukukhuthaza ukubandakanywa kwemali. Le nkqubo ibangela intshukumisa yezoqoqosho kubantu nakumashishini ukuba bamkele iinkonzo zemali ezisemthethweni, banciphise ukuxhomekeka kwimali, baze bakhe imbali yemali eqinisekisiweyo. Ngeli ngezantsi, sihlolisisa eyona migaqo ibalulekileyo kule migaqo-nkqubo.

Iincaso zokutshintsha kwamanani

Elinye lamanyathelo achaphazela kakhulu erhafu ebandakanya irhafu yemali lukhuthazo lweminxeba yamanani. Urhulumente uye wanika abarhwebi kunye nabathengi abasebenzisa iindlela zokuthengiselana zamanani, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwezoqoqosho ngemali. Phantsi kweCandelo 80G loMthetho we-Inhooting Taxity, iminikelo ethile kumaqela ezobupolitika kunye nemibutho enceda abasebenzi abafumana iinkcitho zemali. Oku kubangela ukuba urhulumente azise umlinganiselo oncitshisiweyo we-GST kumashishini amancinane amkela intlawulo lwedebit okanye amakhadi okuthenga ngetyala, i-USI, kunye nezinye izixhobo zemichini. Oku kunciphisa iindleko zomsebenzi wabathengi abancinane, ukwenza imijelo yemali esemthethweni ifanelekelwe ngeentengo ezinomtsalane.

Unyuselo lwekhadi leRoway, uthungelwano lwemali yemveli yerhafu yaseIndiya, ludibene kakhulu nezisusa zerhafu. UJan Dhan onesibambi setyala ufumana ikhadi le-Rupare debit, kwaye uthengiso olusenziwa ngokusebenzisa la makhadi lungawafanelekela ukuhlawula imali yomsebenzi okanye ukucutha i-GST. Urhulumente ukwanyusa intlawulo yabasebenzi be-arhente kunye neenkampani ezibhabhabhayo kwiiholide zerhafu phantsi kwenyathelo lokuqala le-Indiya, ukukhuthaza ukusungula inkcitho yezicotho zamanani. Ugcino-lwazi lubonisa ukuba imiqulu ehlawula imali i-mali iyanda, kunye nodibaniso lwe-Rocesss (UPI) ezimalunga newaka elinamawaka ezigidi zemali ngenyanga ezingama-2024. Olu tshintsho lunxulumene ngqo nemithetho yerhafu encedayo yabathumeli kunye nabarhumeli.

Ngokubhekele phaya, urhulumente ugunyazise ukuba onke amashishini anomjikelo ongaphezulu komqobo ochaziweyo kufuneka anike abathengi iinketho zemali yamanani. Ukungahambelani nerhafu kungaphumela kwimivuzo, kodwa inkqubo yerhafu ikwanokuvuza ukuthotyelwa ngenzuzo yetyala le-inguqu yegalelo phantsi kwe-GST. Oku kunyanzeliswa kolawulo, kudibene nezikhuthazo zerhafu, kwandiswa ngokuphawulekayo ukuhlawula kwamanani kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, kuzisa izigidi zentengiso yemali yangaphambili kwinkqubo yenkcitho yemali esesikweni.

Ukukhohliswa Nokukhutshwa Kwerhafu

Ukungahlawulwa kwerhafu kunye nee-asethi zizixhobo ezinamandla zokukhuthaza abantu abafumana imali ephantsi ukuba babandakanye kwinkqubo esemthethweni yokubhalisa. Okona kubalulekileyo kukubuyiselwa kwerhafu phantsi kwecandelo 87A, okunika abaqeshwa berhafu abapheleleyo abahlawulelwayo abanomvuzo ochaziweyo (ngoku 76 lakh phantsi kolawulo olutsha lwerhafu). Oku kuthetha ukuba isahlulo esibalulekileyo sabemi asihlawulwa rhafu, kodwa basafuneka ukuba baphinde bahlawule irhafu, nangona besenza umsebenzi wokuhlawula i-fashoni, nangona i-enjini elula, yenza ingxelo yemali esemthethweni enokuthi isetyenziselwe ukufikelela kwityala, kwimali yerhafu, kwimali yokuhlawula, kwimali ebolekisa imali, kunye nezinye iinkonzo zemali.

Ukongezelela, iCandelo lama-80C loMthetho weMali yeThala leThwalo livumela ukuhlaziywa kohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali lwezixhobo ezicacisiweyo ezinjenge-PPF, iNgxowa-mali yomSebenzi weSebe (EPF), iNational Saves Savements (NSC), kunye nenkcitho ye-inshorensi yobomi. Ezi zixhobo zifumaneka kwiibhanki nakwii-ofisi zeposi, zikhuthaza abantu ukuba bavule baze bagcine ii-akhawunti zabo. Uhlahlomelo lwerhafu lusebenza njengesixhobo esisisikhokelo semali esithe ngqo sokugcina imali, esingundoqo sokugcina izibambiso zemali.

Urhulumente ukwazise ukukhulula irhafu ngenxa yenzala efunyenwe kwii-akhawunti zemali egciniweyo kunye nokubeka iintlawulo kwimida ethile phantsi kweCandelo 80TTA ne-80TB (kubemi abadala). La malungiselelo akwenza kube nomtsalane kubantu ukuba bagcine imali yabo kwiibhanki kunokuba ibe yimali, akhuthaza umkhwa wokugcinwa kwemali esemthethweni. Kubemi abakhulu, ngokufuthi abasengozini yokuhlawulwa ngemali, ezi nzuzo zerhafu zibaluleke kakhulu, ukulungiselela isizinzi nendlela ekhuselekileyo yemali yabo yomhlala phantsi.

Udweliso lokwakhiwa kwe GST ukwenzela iishishini elincinci

Udweliso lweGST Comissing Scheme luyinkqubo ephawulayo evumela ukuthotyelwa kwerhafu kumashishini amancinci. Amashishini anokujika ngezantsi kwe-181.5 crore (8875 lakh kumacandelo akhethekileyo) angakhetha ucwangciso lokuyila, apho phantsi kwayo ahlawula isantya esizinzileyo, irhafu esezantsi kwi-athoral kwaye agcina ifayile ibuya lula. Oku kunciphisa umthwalo onyanzelekileyo ngokuphawulekayo, kuwenza usebenze kwiivenkile ezincinane ezisendleleni, iimashishini, kunye namashishini asekhaya asekelwe ekusebenzeni ngendlela esemthethweni. Ngaphantsi kwe-GST, la mashishini afumana ungenelo kwinkqubo yokubhalisa ii-akhawunti ezisemthethweni, kuquka namandla okuvula iingxelo zangoku, afaka umsebenzi obolekisa imali, kunye nokusebenzisa iinkqubo zonyaka.

Phambi kwe-GST, amashishini amaninzi amancinane ahlala ngaphandle komnatha werhafu kuba iindleko zokuthobela irhafu yangaphambili kunye neenkqubo ze VAT zaziphezulu kakhulu. Udweliso lokwenziwa beliqela belingumdlalo wokutshintsha, lizisa izigidi zamashishini amancinane kwizoqoqosho ezisesikweni. Ukubhalisa okuqhelekileyo iGST ngoku kuyimfuneko kwintengiso yorhulumente emininzi kunye nezivumelwano zokunikezela, ngokubhekele phambili ukufakwa kwemali. Ugcino-lwazi olusuka kwi-GSTN lubonisa ukuba ngaphezu ko-1.4 amashishini abhalisile phantsi kwe-GST, nomlinganiselo obalulekileyo oncinane kunye namashishini amancinane. Oku kulungelelaniswa kuyindlela ecacileyo yokungena kwimali, njengoko kusenza umjelo ochaziweyo okhuziweyo osetyenziswa zii-mali.

Imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu yemfundo neyonyango

Ukufakwa kwemali akuyonto nje yokuba ne-akhawunti yebhanki; ikwakukufumana iimveliso ezakha inkxaso-mali yexesha elide. Inkqubo yerhafu ikhuthaza utyalo lwemfundo kunye ne-inshorensi yempilo ngentengiso phantsi kweCandelo 80C kunye neCandelo lama-80D (ngeenkcitho ze-inshorensi zezemali). Ezi zincopho zikhuthaza abantu ukuba basebenzise imijelo esesikweni yokuhlawula iindleko zesikolo kunye nenkqubo yempilo, kunokuba bathembele kwimali engacwangciswanga okanye ukuboleka. I-assura-mali yempilo, ngokukodwa, ikhusela iintsapho kwiindleko zezonyango ezidla ngokubanyanzela ubuhlwempuzelo. Ngokwenza i-inshorensi ethelekayo ngerhafu yerhafu, inkqubo yokulondoloza imali ephantsi kweentsapho ezifumana imali.

Ngokufanayo, ukuhlaziywa kwemali ebolekiweyo yasekhaya kwiCandelo 24 kunye nentlawulo ephambili phantsi kweCandelo lama-80C ikwenza ukuba ikhaya libe linemali ebhankini esemthethweni. Oku bekungumqhubi omkhulu wendlu eninzi yokungena kwimimandla encinane nesemaphandleni, apho iibhanki ziboleka ngokukhulayo izindlu ezinokufikeleleka. Iinzuzo zerhafu zinciphisa iindleko ezisebenzayo zokuboleka, ukuze kufikeleleke kubemi abathe kratya. Le migaqo ibonisa indlela inkqubo yerhafu enokuthi iqhubele ngayo ukuziphatha kwemali kwimveliso eyakha iimpahla nokhuseleko lwexesha elide.

Phendula uthutho oluthe ngqo (DBT) Uthelekiso ngerhafu yokuthuthwa

Nangona ingekho inkqubo yerhafu ngokwesi-se, ukuhlanganiswa kwengeniso engqalileyo kunye nenkqubo yerhafu kukusetyenziswa okunamandla kokufaka irhafu. Urhulumente usebenzisa irhafu yokubuyisa ingeniso ukuchonga abangeneli benkxaso-mali kunye nocwangciso lwentlalo-ntle. Umzekelo, i-data yerhafu efunyenweyo isetyenziselwa ukujolisa izinyobo zenyotya, ukutya, kunye ne-LPG silindarim, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iingenelo zifikelela abo bazifuna kakhulu. Olu manyano lufuna ukungenelwa ukuze ube nengxelo yebhanki enxulumene ne-Aadhaar yabo, esetyenziswa ngoko inkqubo yerhafumswo yokugcina isango kwimo yentlalo, isenza izikhundla ezinamandla ukuze abantu bazibonelele ngokwemali yabo.

Inkqubo yohlolo evezwe lisebe lerhafu lengeniso inciphisa umthwalo wolawulo kwirhafu encinane. Ngokusebenzisa ugcino-lwazi oluthe ngqo kunye nezibuyelo ezigcwalisiweyo, le nkqubo yenza kube lula ukuba abalawuli befayile bokuqala bathobele. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kubasebenzi bezezoqoqosho, abarhwebi abancinane, nabalimi abasoloko besebenza ngokungacwangciswanga. Iinkqubo zeprojekthi zinciphisa umqobo wokungena, zikhuthaza ukuvuma ngokuzithandela kunye, ngokongeza, ukufakwa kwemali.

Ukulinganisa Impembelelo Ekudibaniseni Imali

Impembelelo yale nkqubo yerhafu ekuququzelweni kwerhafu iyakwazi ukudlula kwiindidi eziliqela. IIndiya iye yenza inkqubela ephawulekayo ekunyuseni ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zemali eziqhelekileyo, kwaye inkqubo yerhafu iye yaba negalelo elikhulu. Ngokwehlabathi lonke iDiamediemond Resex 2021 epapashwe yiBhanki yehlabathi, 78% yabantu abadala baseIndiya babenetyala kwisakhiwo semali okanye ngomnikezi-mali, ukusuka kuma- 35% nge-2001. Oku kubhabhijengo ngokwenxalenye kungenxa ye-PMSDY, kodwa uqhagamshelwano olugciniweyo lufuna ukusetyenziswa kwe-akhawunti, nto inkqubo yerhafuthelo ekhuthazwa yinkqubo yerhafu.

Inani leminxeba yerhafu efakwe kwirhafu efakwe kwibhodi eqhotyoshwayo linyuke ngokuthe ngcembe, ukunqumla 7.5 crore ngonyaka wohlolo 2022-23. Olu nyuko aluveli kuphela kubanikazi bengeniso ephezulu; umlinganiselo obalulekileyo wabaphathi abatsha befayile uvela kwizibiyeli zengeniso esezantsi, uqhutywa yimfuneko yokufuna iinguqu kunye nezincopho. Umzekelo, icandelo 87A rebate likhuthaze izigidi zabantu abahlawulwayo nabanini beshishini abancinane ukuba babuyele kwiifayile nangona ityala labo lerhafu lingu 0.

I-data ehlawulwa ngamanani inika esinye isilumkiso esinamandla. Umqulu wentengiselwano we-UPI wakhula ukusuka kuma-92 e-crorentes eFY2017-18 ukuya kwi-100,000 crole eFY2023-24. Ixabiso lentengiselwano ngokufanayo liye lanyuka, libonakalisa ukunikezelwa okubanzi kuzo zombini izixeko kunye nasemaphandleni. Izikhuthazo zerhafu kubathengi nabathengi, zidityaniswe nesiseko se-GST esikhuthaza iingxelo zamanani, ibingabaqhubi abaqhubi bezo zixhobo ezingundoqo. I-RBI'S Digitables Precionpons Index, elinganisa i-mali ehlawulwa ngonyaka-yo-yonke, ibonise ukukhula okungaguquguquki ngonyaka wama-37, ifikelele ngoMatshi 2023 ngokuchasene nesiseko se-100 kaMatshi 2017.

Jan Dhan i-akhawunti yetyala ibonisa ukuba ngaphezu kwama-50 ee-akhawunti zecrread zivulwe, zingaphezulu kwama-67% kuzo kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni nasemaphandleni. Umlinganiselo womlinganiselo kula matyala uye wanda, ubonakalisa ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo. Inkqubo yerhafu ixhasa ukusetyenziswa kwezi akhawunti ngeendlela ezininzi: inzala efunyenweyo ikhutshelwe irhafu ngokomlinganiselo, kwaye ikhadi leRupa linxulumene nentengiselwano yemali enokuthi ifumane iinzuzo zerhafu. Ngaphezu koko, iDBT izibonelelo zemali ezixhaswa yimali ezibonelelo, iqinisekisa ukuba imali yentlalo ifikelele ngqo ekungeneni abangeni abangeni kwingxelo yemali kunye.

Ukufikelela kwityala elisesikweni kunyusiwe. Ngokwengxelo ye-RBI, inani leMicro, i-Micro ne-A phakathi Enterprises (MSMEs) ukufikelela ngokusemthethweni kwetyala kukhule ngokuphawulekayo, ngokwengxenye ngenxa ye-data yokubhalisa yeGST esetyenziswa ziibhanki ukuqinisa. I-Credit Public Registry (PCR) kunye ne-AA) isiseko solawulo esithe kratya ngokuhambelana ne-data yetyala ngohlalutyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ngokuchanekileyo nokunokuthengwa kwemali engaphambili. Inkqubo yerhafu isebenza njengebhulorho phakathi komsebenzi wobugqaliselo kunye neenkonzo zemali ezisemthethweni, ingeniso esemthethweni enokusetyenziswa ukuhlawula ngemali.

Ucelomngeni Oluqhubekayo Kumhlaba Othe Tye

Nakubeni zininzi izinto eziphunyezweyo, inkqubo yerhafu yamaIndiya inegalelo ekukhuthazeni ukufakwa kwemali ijongene nocelomngeni oluzingisileyo. Ukulungisa ezi ngxaki kubalulekile ekuxhaseni nasekuphuculeni impumelelo yokufakwa kwerhafu.

Ukugxothwa Kwerhafu Noqoqosho Olungacwangciswanga

Inxalenye enkulu yezoqoqosho zaseIndiya ihlala ingacwangciswanga, ingena kungenelo olubalulekileyo lwerhafu kwicandelo elifana nefama, ezolimo (ngaphandle kwemiqathango yengeniso ethile), urhwebo oluncinane, kunye neenkonzo. Uqoqosho olungacwangciswanga luqikelelwa ukuba luthathe ityala lama-40-50% e-GDP. Irhafu iyakusinciphisa ngqo isibophelelo semali ngenxa yokuba abantu abaphepha irhafu ngabom ukuphepha imijelo esemthethweni yebhanki ukuze bahlale icace. Ukuba inkqubo yerhafu kufuneka kuqala iphumelele ekuziseni umsebenzi wezoqoqosho othengwayo phantsi kwe-pulview yayo. Oku kufuna ukusetyenziswa okuninzi okungqongqo kokugcinwa komthetho, ugcino-data lokuqonda iirhafunxa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwerhafunxa ukucula i-ainwa kwendlela yokufumana ii-activessssss.

Ukubhaliswa kwemali nokujongwa

Abantu abaninzi abahlawulwayo abambalwa abayazi irhafu ekhoyo. Ukuntsonkotha kwemithetho yerhafu, phezu kwayo nje imigudu yokwandisa, kungasoyikisa. Kumlimi omncinane okanye umvuzo wemihla ngemihla, ithemba lokuqokelela irhafu ehlawulwayo, kwaneyolula, kusenokuba nzima. Oku kungaziqondi kuthetha ukuba umlinganiselo omkhulu werhafu efunekayo awubuyi, ukuphulukana neentengiso ezikwindlela elungileyo, kodwa uphunyuswe zizinto ezinokuphucula ukuma kwabo kwemali. Iinkqubo zokufundisa ukubhalisa irhafu, kunye namaphulo okubhata-nte, zibalulekile kwibhulorho. Amanyathelo karhulumente afana netshati yoobhaso kunye neSebe lokuhlawula iirhafuyo afumanekayo ahambayo ahamba kwindlela elungileyo, kodwa afuneka kakhulu kwimigxanawa yasemaphandleni.

Imida Esisiseko Kummandla Wasemaphandleni

Izibonelelo zamanani azilingani kulo lonke ilizwe. Ngoxa i-Indiya esezidolophini ikufuphi ne-intanethi kunye ne-cell phone, iindawo ezininzi zasemaphandleni ziseneengxaki zokunganxibelelani kakuhle nokungafundi kwamanani. Imali ehlawulwa ngamanani kunye nemali yerhafu kwi-intanethi ifuna umgangatho othile wobugcisa kunye nobuchule. Iibhanki kunye nee-ofisi zezoshishino (BC) zikwandisile ukufikelela kwazo, kodwa iimayile yokugqibela zihlala zilucelomngeni. Iprojekthi karhulumente i-Barat Net ayiqhubeki kakuhle kwaye ineenjongo yokudibanisa zonke iigram ze-pankatrat kunye neenkqubo ze-panethi eziphezulu ze-intanethi, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo ye-Aadhaarhaar-ePS ezisebenzayo kuncedile, kodwa kwimidathali ethembekileyo. Ngaphandle kokufikelela kolwazi oluthembekileyo, iinkqubo zeminyaka-mantluntlukwano zenkqubo yerhafu elungele ukuchana abantu abaninzi.

Umahluko okhoyo kwimali

Amabhinqa aseIndiya ayaqhubeka ejongene nemiqobo ebalulekileyo ekubandakanyeni kwemali. Ngokwengxelo yehlabathi ngokubanzi i-Fiemex, umsantsa we-athom, lo gama unciphile, uhlala malunga neendawo ezi-5-6 zeepesenti. Amabhinqa asenokuba nefowni encinane kakhulu ukuba abe nolwazi-manani, kwaye asoloko engenalo ukhuthuzo lwemali olusemthethweni oluzimeleyo oluzimeleyo lwamalungu entsapho angamadoda. Inkqubo yerhafu, efuna ukuqokelelwa komntu ngamnye, ingawaqinisa ngokuphandle la maqela ukuba ahlukeneyo ukuba amabhinqa akakhuthazwa ukuba abe nee-akhawunti ezahlukeneyo aze agcine iimbuyekezo. Imigaqo ejongelwa phambili, njengemibazo ephezulu yerhafuthelwe ziingxelo zamabhinqa okanye ii-'iglagion, inceda ukuvanisa imigca yendoda nendoda nendoda.

Ucelomngeni lwe "Dorment" akhawunti

Umlinganiselo obalulekileyo wee-akhawunti zikaJan Dhan awusebenzi, oku kuthetha ukuba azinazo izindululo ngexesha elithile. I-Dormcancy ibonisa ukuba xa ithe yavulwa, ayisetyenziswa ngokukhutheleyo ukuze igcine imali, intlawulo, okanye ityala. Oku kulinganisela ixabiso le-akhawunti njengesixhobo sokudibanisa imali. Inkqubo yerhafu inganceda ngokunika izindululo eziqhubekayo zomsebenzi wetyala, njengemida ephezulu yomdla werhafu ephezulu yetyala elithe rhoqo, okanye ukudibanisa ii-ajective zerhafu ezincinci zokuphendula. Ukudibanisa ii-akhawunti ngeminxeba yerhafu ngeminxeba yeselula kungayinciphisa i-domga yogcino-mali ebhankiweyo kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba ii-akhawunti ziphumele injongo yazo.

Imigaqo yexesha elizayo yokusetyenziswa kwerhafu

Ukuyakhela kwinkqubela eyenziweyo uze ucombulule iingxaki ezizingisayo, iinkqubo zerhafu zexesha elizayo kufuneka zenziwe ngelinge likabuchule ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho imali eninzi. Le migaqo ilandelayo inika iindlela ezithembisayo.

Ii-Ayatics zogcino-lwazi ezijikelezayo kunye ne-Al ukwenzela ukujongwa

Isebe lerhafu elifumana ingeniso neGSTN linokufumana ubuninzi benkcazelo kwintengiselwano yezoqoqosho. Isebenzisa ubuchule obungeyomfuneko kunye nokufunda ngomatshini, le nkcazelo ingahlalutywa ukuze kubonwe abantu abangahlaliyo, iqonde indlela abaziphatha ngayo imali, kunye nemveliso yoyilo edityanisiweyo. Umzekelo, ugcino-lwazi olukwizikhundla zerhafu zeGST lungabonisa ukubhalisa kodwa lukwatyhila izithuba ekubhankini. Iibhanki kunye nee-ankich zingasebenzisa le nkcazelo ukujolisa ulwando lwesebe labo neminikelo yemveliso. Ngaphezu koko, iimodeli ezixelelwe kwangaphambili ziyakwazi ukuchaza abantu abanokuba luncedo kwizicelo ezithile zerhafuthelo, ezibangela ukuba bangene. Oku kungenelwa kwe-data-evention irhafu epheleleyo kwaye iquququ.

Ukuyenza lula imigaqo yerhafu kubabhatala abaphantsi

Ngeli xesha ulawulo olutsha lwerhafu luye lwenza lula umlinganiselo kwaye luncitshisiwe ukhutshelwe ukungabikho kwabanye, ikhowudi yerhafu ihlala intsonkothile kubantu abafumana imali ephantsi abasenokuba abanazo izikhuseli zerhafu ezingochwepheshe. Ukungeniswa kwe "imbuyekezo elula" yabaphathi befayili abanomvuzo okanye umvuzo wempepho kunye nezincopho ezimbalwa eziye zanceda, kodwa ukuhlaziywa okungakumbi kuyenzeka. Umzekelo, ukubuya okupheleleyo okuzalisekileyo okuzenzekelayo kusebenza zonke iintengo ezifanelekileyo kunye nee-aventi ezifanelekileyo ze-PNTP ne-akhawunti yebhanki. Oku kunganciphisa umthwalo wokuthobela umthetho kunye nentlukhuthazo ezingakumbi, kubazisa abantu abalungeleyo, ukubazisa kwinkqubo ecwangciiiiii.

Ukwandisa Umlinganiselo Werhafu Kumaziko Emali

Ngoxa kukho izikhuthazo zentlawulo zamanani, zinokunyuswa kwaye zenziwe zijoliswe ngakumbi. Umzekelo, ityala elincinane lerhafu, masithi, lingu-3,000 ngonyaka kubantu abarhwebelana ngenani elincinane lentengiselwano yemichiza ngengxelo yabo yeJan Dhan banokunyusa ngokuphawulekayo ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo. Ngokufanayo, abarhwebi bemkela kuphela intlawulo yemivo ngexesha elithile banganikwa umlinganiselo obalulekileyo we-GST. Aba bacebisi betyala banokunikwa intlawulo olunqwenelekayo lwemali baze babangele ukunyanzeleka okuqhubekayo ukuya kuqoqosho olungenamali.

Ukurhwebelana kwerhafu ngeenkqubo zezemali zokubhala

Amaqonga erhafu erhafu angasebenza njengendawo yokuphatha ingeniso yemali. Xa ummi efakela ukubuya kwawo, angaboniswa amacebiso obuqu emveliso yogcino-mali, i-inshorensi yempilo, okanye ucwangciso lokuthatha umhlala-phantsi, ngenzuzo ecacileyo yerhafu. I-chweba lerhafu lingasebenzisana neRBI kunye ne-SEBI ukunikela ulwazi olunobungqina obubhaliweyo lokufundisa ngemali. Oku kungaguqula ishefu yerhafu yonyaka ibe lithuba lokufumana amandla emali e-holices, hayi nje ukuthobela.

Ukuqinisa Unxulumano Phakathi Kokwaziwa Kwerhafu Nokufumana Ityala

Ulwahlulo lomphathi-tyala, oluvumela ukwabelana ngokukhuselekileyo nge-data yemali (kuquka i-data yerhafu) kunye nababolekileyo, kufuneka kulinganiswe. Ngokuvumela ukwabelana ngemvume iirhafu zerhafu, iGST ibuyisela, kunye neengxelo zebhanki, i-Anethwekhi inganceda abobolekisayo baqinisekise ukufaneleka kwetyala kubantu abangenayo imbali yesithethe okanye ityala. Oku kuxabiseke ngokukhethekileyo kubanini-mashishini abancinane, abasebenzi, nabalimi abahlawulwa yingeniso yabo abangaqhelekanga kodwa baqinisekisiwe nge-data yerhafu. Ukuqinisa olu nxulumano kuya kwenza ukufumaneka okungakumbi kwabo bangaphantsi kokubhaliswa, ukuphumeza umlinganiso wetyala.

Ukuthetha ngemiqobo yesizwe ngomgaqo-nkqubo werhafu

Imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu ingayilwa ngokucacileyo ukunciphisa umahluko wesini. Umzekelo, imida ephezulu yemiqathango yemali egcinwe ngamabhinqa, okanye imbuyekezo yamabhinqa afaka iimbuyekezo zawo, ingenza ukuba inxaxheba esemthethweni yemali ingenelwe. Urhulumente unokuyalela ukuba ubuncinane ibhinqa elinye kwikhaya ngalinye eligqunywe yiPMJDY lihlawule irhafu eyahlukeneyo ukuze lifumane irente ethile yamabhinqa. Imigaqo enjalo ingayichaza ngqo imiqobo yokwakha egcina amabhinqa engekho semthethweni kwizoqoqosho.

Isiphelo

Inkqubo yerhafu yaseIndiya iye yavela ngaphaya kwendima yayo engokwesithethe njengendlela yokuqokelela ingeniso ukuze ibe ngumqhubi ofanelekileyo wemali efakwayo. Ngokuxhotyiswa ngenxa yokuthengiselwa kweminxeba yemali, ukuhlawulwa kwerhafu, ukwenza ukwenziwa kwerhafu kusebenze, ukuthotyelwa kwerhafu, nokufuduselwa kweenzuzo ezithe ngqo, inkqubo yerhafu iye yanceda ukuzisa izigidi zabemi kwintlawulo zemali ezisesikweni. Inkqubela kwingxelo yemali, inkcitho, inkcitho yemali, kunye nokufikelela kwityala ingqinelanisa ukuphumelela kwale migaqo-mthetho. Noko ke, iingxaki ezizinzileyo ezizinzileyo njengebhataxa-nte, ukubhata-mali, imidanga yemali, ukungagqibeleli, ukubhalisa, kunye nokungasese kwezentengiselwano yemali, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-erontiesting zifuna ingqalelo eqhubekayo

Ikamva lezifundo zerhafu ezixhotyiswe ngerhafu likwindlela yobugcisa yokufaka irhafu, yokuthobelana, kunye nokuyila iinkqubo zokusingatha iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zabemi abahlala phantsi. Ngokudibanisa ugcino-lwazi lwerhafu novavanyo lwetyala, ngokunika izindululo ezijolise ekusetyenzisweni kwetyala, kunye nokuxhasa imfundo yemali kwiinkqubo zerhafu, urhulumente angawunyusa umphumezo wemigudu yakhe yokufaka irhafu. Inkqubo yerhafu asiyondawo yenkcitho yazo zonke iingxaki eziququzelekayo, kodwa sisixhobo esingundoqo ekusebenziseni ityala elibanzi. Njengoko i-Indiya ishukuma kusukelo lwayo lwenkciso yerhafu, ukusetyenziswa komgaqo-rhafu okunokuqondayo kuya kuhlala kusembindixesha wohambo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuhambela phambili kwengeniso yabemi bezoqoqosho, kungakhathaliseki ukuba kungenelo lwendlela elungeleneyo, kwaye i-clknl