Indima Yeqela Lesizwe Elisebenzisa Umanyano LwaseUlster Kutshintsho Lorhulumente Wasekuhlaleni WaseNorthern Ireland

Inkqubo karhulumente wasekuhlaleni waseMntla Ireland iye yaguquka kakhulu kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini edluleyo, isuka kumabhunga ezithili ali-26 yayandisa yaba ngu11 “iikhonconunul". inamandla aphezulu ekucwangcisweni, ukuphuhliswa kwebutho labantu, kunye nokuphinda kuhambele phambili kwezoqoqosho. IUlster Unionist Partition (UP), ilungu elidala lezopolitiko eliqhubekayo kwingingqi, liye laba liphakathi kwaye lisoloko lingqubana nomphathi-mali kulo lonke olu hambo. Xa umphathi ongaphikiswanganiswanga nocwangco lwasekuhlaleni, i-UUPU kwafuneka ukuba aqhube ukuwohloka kwalo, ukungqubana kwemi, kunye nokunyuka kwelizwe lezobupolitika eliphithiyo. Ukuhlola i-UUUP kurhola ifestile elungeleneyo elungele ukutshintsha indlela ukutshintsha i-window ye-injini karhulumente lasekuhlaleni.

Eli nqaku lihlolisisa ulwalamano lwembali lweqela nolawulo lwasekuhlaleni, igalelo lalo eliphambili kwi-Ree Review of Public Administration (RPA), imigaqo yenkqubo eliyixhase, kwaye iingxaki elizifumanayo ekulungelelaniseni ibutho labantu ngokunempumelelo. Ngoxa iDidemocratic Union Partition (DuP) isoloko iyithabatha imixholo ephambili, impembelelo ye-UUUUP kwizakhiwo zokwenene zolawulo lwasekuhlaleni ihlala isisiseko kwaye ihleli.

Imbali Elawula Imbali: UUP Nolungelelwaniso Lwakudala Lorhulumente Wasekuhlaleni

Ukufunyanwa Nokungaphicothiweyo

I-Ulster Unionism Party yasekwa ngowe-19905, yayiliqela elilawulayo laseMntla Ireland iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu ilandela ulwahlulo. Ulawulo lwalo kurhulumente wasekuhlaleni lwaludityaniswe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ludityaniswe kakhulu nosungulo lomanyano. Inkqubo yokuqala eyayiquka amabhunga angama-26, amadolobhan, kunye namaBhunga eedolophana, alawula indawo yokuhlala, alawula ucwangciso lwezindlu, ucwangciso, nempilo kawonke wonke. Kulo mkhosi weUP, la mabhunga ayengeyoyawodwa nje abaphathi; ayeyimibutho yegunya kunye ne-mali. Ukulawula izixhaso zorhulumente wasekuhlaleni kwavumela iqela ukuba liqinisekise ukuba iqela lemibutho lifumane indawo yokuqala kwizindlu zoluntu nokusebenza, liqumkel ’ indawo yoluntu neyonganiso lwezopolitiko.

Eli xesha laqinisa intanda-bulumko eqinileyo, elandela ulawulo lwasekuhlaleni. Iqela lajonga ukuzinza nokuqhubeka njengebalulekileyo, ukuxhathisa okuyimfuneko. Noko ke, le nkqubo yatyala imbewu yesiphithiphithi sexesha elizayo. Ukutyholwa kwegerrymandering . Ngokukhethekileyo ukuzotywa kwemida yeli candelo ukugcina ulawulo lwecandelo lobuhlanga kwiindawo ezineziqu ezikhulu zelizwe, ezifana nekomkhulu lengingqi yeLondonderry Corporation, kwaye yaziibhexa ezingundoqo kwintshukumo yoluntu yaseNyakatho Ireland ekupheleni koo 1960. UUP yayizimeko eziphambili kule nkqubo yokuchaphazamisi-mthetho yaba yelifaza ekuthoni kwayo kude kwelizwe kunye nokubekwa kwemithetho eMgaqo-mthetho ukusuka eLondon.

Umthetho Ongqalileyo, Ukuququzelela, kunye nokuDiabregence of Unionism

Ukupheliswa kwePalamente yakudala yeSponsont ngo-1972 kunye nokuqaliswa koMthetho oMgangatho oLawulweyo kwasusa ibala eliyintloko le-UP. Urhulumente wasekuhlaleni eNorthern Ireland wahlaliswa ngokunempumelelo; imisebenzi yakhe emininzi ebalulekileyo, njengezindlu, impilo, kunye nemfundo, yathunyelwa kumbindi worhulumente. Inkqubo eyalandelayo yayahlulwa, exabisa imali eninzi, kwaye esoloko ingabalwanga. Kwiminyaka emalunga namashumi amathathu, i-UP yazifumana ikwisikhundla esingakhululekanga kakuhle: yayisafumana inkoliso yamavoti kunyulo lukarhulumente wasekuhlaleni, kodwa amabhunga ayeyimithunzi eeeeencwadi zayo zangaphambili. Iqela laba ngumxhasi wokubuyisela ulawulo-demokhrasi olunentsingiselo, liphikisa ukuba ukwanda kweebhodi ezimiselweyo zemibutho yomanyano lwasekuhlaleni lungahlaliyo.

Eli xesha labona ukunyuka kwe-Dup, eyacell ’ umngeni i-UP ukusuka kwi-stad engaphezulu, indawo ye-populist. Ukutyikitywa kwesivumelwano esiLungisayo ngoLwesihlanu ngo-1998 kwadala ummandla omtsha wezopolitiko. Ngeli xesha i-UUP, phantsi kukaDavid Trimble, yamkela isakhiwo soburhulumente, kwakhona yaqonda ukuba inkqubo endala karhulumente wasekuhlaleni ayilawuleki. Isivumelwano sadala umongo wokusetyenziswa kwegunya likarhulumente kawonke-wonke, inyanzelela i-UUUUP ukuba ibandane nolungiso ngendlela echaziwe ngaphambili.

Impinda Yolawulo Lwasekuhlaleni: Imvu Yamanzi

Ukubandakanyeka Kwento Engenakuphetshwa

I- Review of Public Administration (RPA), endululwe lulawulo oluthe ngqo nolumiselwe phantsi kolawulo oluthe gqolo phantsi koorhulumente abahluliweyo, yaba yeyona nguquko ibalulekileyo yorhulumente wasekuhlaleni ukususela ngowe-1898. Ingcebiso yayo engundoqo yayikukunciphisa okuphawulekayo inani lamabhunga ukusuka kuma-26 ukuya ku-11, ukusungula imibutho emikhulu ekwaziyo ukwenza imisebenzi ecwangcisiweyo efana nokucwangcisa kunye nenkqubela phambili yezoqoqosho. Ekuqaleni, iUP yasabela ngobulumko. Ingxoxo yangaphakathi yabhenca umtya phakathi komgca onzulu phakathi kwabaquququzeli bezi mini, abawubona iRPA njengethuba lokuquququzelela urhulumente kunye namandla, kunye neenkcubelo, ezo zoyingcalo, ezazisoyixhalabisa ukuba amabhunga amakhulu amaqela eengqungquthelaneyo, impembelelo yomanyano lwemibutho, ingakumbi kwiindawo zomda kunye nommandla omkhulu we-Derry.

Ugwayiso lwe-UUP lwachazwa zezi nyaniso ezimbalwa. Iqela lalo lalisakuba lingumkhosi olawula ubumanyano, lilahle izihlalo kwi-Dup kunyulo lweNdibano yowama-2003. Oku kwasenza sabuthathaka isandla salo kodwa kwaza kwasikhulula kumthwalo wobutyala obupheleleyo. I-UUP yakwazi ukwenza njenge-Pragmatic, ukuba ngamanye amaxesha yayithandabuza, iqabane kwinkqubo yotshintsho. Yayamkela kakhulu indlela yokusebenzisa izoqoqosho kunye nolawulo ekunciphiseni inani lamabhunga kodwa yagxininisa amandla ayo kwezobupolitika kwimigaqo emimiselo emitsha.

Njengoko kuphawulwe ngabahlalutyi bezobupolitika kwi ARK Northern Ireland Social kunye nePolitical Archive, isitshixo se-UUP siphumelela ngexesha leRPA esekelwe ekuqinisekiseni ukuba imodeli entsha ye-11 yekhonconi iquka iindlela ezinamandla zokuvota nokusebenzisa amandla. Iqela lathi ukuncitshiswa kwamabhunga akunakubakho ngendleko yomelo lomanyano lwengingqi apho izakujika zibe ziingingini zebhunga.

Imodeli ye 11-Council noMthetho woRhulumente woLonke (NI) 2014

Ukumila kokugqibela kwenkqubo entsha kwaqiniswa ngamandla kuMthetho woRhulumente we-Avirton Government (Mntla Ireland) 2014. I-UUP yafak' isandla ngqo kwiingxoxo zalo mthetho, ingakumbi ngamalungiselelo alawulayo amabhunga amatsha. Iqela layichasa ngamandla ingcamango yomphathi-dolophu onyuliweyo ngqo, isoyika ukuba iyile indlela yombutho wombutho wezopolitiko. Endaweni yoko, i-UUUP yaxhasa imodeli yeBhodi yebhusayithi, apho usihlalo sebhunga kunye nesakhiwo sekomiti sino somphathi onegunya abanetyala ityala eliphezulu. Oku kuvumelana nowe-UP, ukufikelela okusekelwe kwizopolitiko kunye nomnqweno waso ukugcina ulungelelwano lwentlalo-ntla.

I-UUP yanyanzelela ukubuyiselwa kwemeko yamaBhunga amandulo kumabhunga amaninzi. Umzekelo, amakhareji e-UUP eLisburn kunye neCastreagh ayeluncedo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba lento idityanisiweyo yayibizwa ngokuba “lisburn kunye neCastlerhegh Council.” Ezi zoloyiso zomfuziselo zazibaluleke kakhulu kwezobupolitika kwiqela elifumana izithethe zalo zeBritane ezifakwe kwizakhiwo zikarhulumente wasekuhlaleni. I-UUP ngokunempumelelo yaphikisa ukuba ezi zihloko zanika ingqiqo yokuqhubekeka kunye nelifa lengingqi lengingqi yengingqi ejongene notshintsho lobuzwe labemi abahlala ehlala kulo.

Imigaqo Elawula Umgaqo - siseko Wotshintsho Oyi - UP

Indlela iUUP ezama ngayo ukuguqula urhulumente yasekelwa kwimigaqo emithathu engqongqo nesekelwe kuyo.

IMigaqo-nkqubo yoLuntu neMibutho

Kwisiseko socwangciso lotshintsho lweUUP lukhuselwe yindawo yomanyano kwisakhiwo solawulo. Eli qela liye laba lisekela elomeleleyo lokulondoloza nokuqinisa iinkqubo zokuvota ezinqamlezileyo kumabhunga asekuhlaleni. Kwimodeli yangoku, izigqibo ezithile njengokumisela amanani onyaka (irhafu yempahla yendawo), ukwamkela icebo lokuphuhlisa, okanye ukumisela isitulo solawulo phakathi kwesizwe, okanye ukumisela ubuninzi (70% bamalungu akhoyo) okanye ubuninzi babo bomanyuko omabini abaququzeli kunye nabathandi bamaqumrhu. I-UUUP isoloko ilwa ngokuqhubekayo nxamnye nayiphi nayiphi nalahlo ezinto ezikhuselayo. Nangona le ndawo isoloko igxekwa ngamaqela asekuhlaleni asekuhlaleni njengesombululo lwesizwe njengesombululo, iUPUP iqinisekisa ukulingana kweminyele yomanyano oluphezulu lwe-DRry.

2. Ubuchule, ukuqukunjelwa nokungahlawulwa kwemali

I-UUP ibisoloko iphikisa ngelithi inkqubo endala yama-26-council yayingubundlobongela kwaye ichithakele. Inkxaso yeqela leRPA yayixhomekeke kakhulu kwisithembiso seendleko zolawulo ezicuthiweyo kunye nokunikezelwa kwenkonzo ephuculiweyo. Iqela elibonisayo ngorhulumente wasekuhlaleni lisoloko ligxininisa imfuneko “yoxabiso lwemali” kunye“ nokuhlawula i-odauntara.” UUP ii-akhathementans zazizibeka rhoqo njengabalawuli abanoxanduva lwemali, ukuvavanya oko bakugqala njengokusetyenziswa nguSin Féin okanye uMbutho woMbutho. Oku kugxininisa ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwesiseko se-UUPUP, ishishini elincinane, kunye nooventians abalindele iinkonzo eziphezulu zemali, kunye nee-ofele-mali.

3. Ukuhlala Kunye Nokulwa Nokuhlaliswa

Ngokudidekileyo, ngeli xesha iUUP ixhasa ukudalwa kwamabhunga amakhulu, ikwayilizwi elikhokelayo elichasene nokubekwa kombindi wamandla e-Sponsont. Iqela laphikisa ngamandla ukuba amabhunga amatsha afanele anikwe amagunya okwenene, hayi nje intsalela yolawulo. Ukudluliselwa kwemisebenzi yokuceba kwiSebe lemekobume kumabhunga asekuhlaleni ngo- 2015 yayiyinjongo engqongqo exhaswa ngamandla yi-UP. Iqela likholelwa ukuba ii-anglicards zimele ziphendulekelele kwaye zisabela ngakumbi kwiimfuno zasekuhlaleni kunabakhonzi boluntu abakudebelo eBelfast. Umbono we-UUUUP uthele wobuzwe wobuzwelonke unxulumene nomanyano lwalonke: olomeleleyo, amaziko asekuhlaleni abonakalisa iinzuzo ze-devolunt.

Iingxaki, Iintlanganiso Neqela Langaphakathi Linamandla

Ukukhula Kwe - Dupu Ne - Electoral Decription

Indima ye-UUP ekulungiseni urhulumente wasekuhlaleni ayinako ukwahlulwa kutshintsho lwayo lwexesha elide lonyulo. Ngo-2005 u-UP waphumelela malunga ne-18% yevoti, wawa emva kwe-DuP okokuqala. Oku kuthotywa kwe-UP kwanyanzelelwa ukuba i-UP imelane ne-indawo yokuzikhusela ngakumbi. Ngoxa ingasakwazi ukumisela amagunya otshintsho, ingenza njengendlela yokuthintela okanye umhlobo ogxekayo. Le ndawo idla ngokukonakalisa isiseko seqela, ebona i-UUP njengenqanyulweyo i-Dupu ithetha into enobundlobo. UP noDUP ichaze okuninzi okuphakathi kwelizwe lasekuhlaleni, kunye namaqela omabini asoloko ekhuphisanayo njenge-ikhul'irst'iethe propidentiances.

Ilifa Lezahlulo Zexesha Elidluleyo Nezenkcubeko

Urhulumente wasekuhlaleni usoloko eyindawo apho ingxwabangxwaba yentlalo idlalelwa khona. I-UUP iye yajamelana nocelomngeni olubalulekileyo ekulawuleni imfuno ye-Northern Ireland. Ingxoxo yokubhabha iflegi ye-Unian kwizakhiwo zebhunga, ukunikezela iipaki, okanye ukuxhasa iziganeko zolwimi lwase-Ireland zisoloko zikhahlazekile ngenxa yokunqamleza kwe-communications. Indawo ka-UUP ibikukukhusela iziphawu ze-Britestri ngexa ezama ukuqhuba ii-spression zebutho. Esi senzo sokulinganisa i-UP sihambisana nobunzima. Iqela liye lagxekwa ngabandakanyelwa ngabathandi besithethe ngenxa yokuvuma ukulalanisa kwimifuziselo yesithethe, ngoxa oombali besizwe bejonga iindawo zalo njengezokhuselo nezoko.

Ukuthanda nokukhokela

I-UUP ifumene amava okhokelo olubalulekileyo, oluye lwachaphazela ukungaguquguquki kwayo ekulawuleni. Iqela lasuka embindini wemeko kaDavid Trimbel ukuya kwisithethe sokumanyana kukaSir Reg Empey, ukuya kwintsebenziswano yoluntu ekhululekileyo kaMike Nesbitt, kwaye emva koko lisebenzisa imigaqo yemigaqo yokuziphatha, umgca ozimeleyo kaDoug Beattie. Inkokeli nganye izise isandi esahlukileyo kwinkqubo karhulumente wasekuhlaleni. Phantsi ko-Attie, i-UUUP iye yakulungela ngakumbi ukugxeka i-DuP ngoko ngqo kwaye iye yazenza intetho eluncedo kodwa ezimeleyo kwigumbi lebhunga, isoloko isebenza ne-Alliance Commentment kwimicimbi eqhubekayo yemozulu neendawo zentlalo, ngoxa isephethe umgca wemiqathangomgano yentlalo-mganga.

I-UUP kwiBhunga leNtlanganiso

Amandla Okukhokela Nawokwabelana

Namhlanje, iUUP iphethe izihlalo zebhunga kuMntla Ireland, nezikhundla eziphawulekayo eAntrim, Newtownabbey, Lisburn, Castreagh, kunye neArds Peninsula. Kwiibhunga ezininzi, iUP ikwindawo yeMayor okanye i-Cheaperson. Abameli beqela basoloko bebonwa njengabanamava, abaqondisi benkqubo yeekomiti nomthetho wokucwangcisa. UUP usondela kwilungu lokwakha i-Pragmatic. Badla ngokuya kwintsebenziswano ne-DUP njengoko benjalo nabanqamlezo-umy Alliance okanye i-SDLDLP, ngokuxhomekeka kwe-agmat prof. Le progmatms ibavumele ukuba baxhathise ngaphandle kwe-omatilo.

Iindawo ezingundoqo zolawulo lwe-UUP janians namhlanje ziquka: Ukulungiselela kwezeNtlanganiso , iqinisekisa ukuba icebo lophuhliso lobulali libonisa izinto eziphambili; ukukhuthaza ukuvukelwa kwezakhiwo zentlalo entsha kwimimandla yobuProtestanti, [[FLT], ukukhuthaza iingeendlela ezingcono kunye nezithuthi zikawonke wonke kwiindawo zasemaphandleni; kunye [[FLT:]] ne[FLT] ZETYMANDRES], ixhasa ukurhweba okuluhlaza okukhoyo kwezoqoqosho. Icandelo lorhwebo, icandelo elikhoyo, "i-electivesportances" "iiixpoints projectivess provicestionstionss" njengebhusayithi ye-uni yolawulo lwasekuhlaleni loluntu oluphezulu loluntu olukhoyo.[FUT][5], njengoko kuthenjiswe izibonelelo oluthenjiweyo, urhulumente oluthelelane lwendawo-lu.[FU

Ufundisiso Lwetyala: Isakhiwo Esinomoya NeeBhunga Lasekuhlaleni

Inkcaso ka-UUUP kuMntla weSivumelwano somthetho we-Ireland kunye nokuma kwayo okugxekayo kwimisebenzi ye-DANDR elandelayo yeFrame kukwayilo oludala imisebenzi yalo yorhulumente. Iqela liye lasebenzisa iintshukumo zebhunga ukuphikisa amalungiselelo emithetho-siseko, ngokufuthi ngokufuzisela ukubhalisa ukunganeliseki ngamalungiselelo okutshintshiswa kweposi yeBrhiffin. Oku kuye kwavumela i-UP ukuba igcine indawo ecacileyo esemthethweni, eyahlulayo kwicebo elithe ngqo le-DuP lokuwisa iNdibano. Ngokusebenzisa urhulumente wasekuhlaleni njengendawo yokuchaza ngokwezobupolitika, i-UPUP igcine ukubhiyo kwayo ibonakala xa iqhubeka isebenza umatshini womhla-toliki ye-oknkile. Njengoko kubalayilwe liburhulumente, amabhunga asekuhlaleni asekuhlaleni nookhenke, atheliswa yimpembelelo yemithetho yezombutho-omatisi (F.[1])

Amathemba Ekamva Nomanyano Olumanyeneyo

Utshintsho Olungakumbi: Ngaba Imodeli ye 11 yeCouncil iya Kunyamezela?

I-RPA ayizange ibonwe njengendawo yokuhlala emileyo. Kukho ingxubusho eqhubekayo malunga notshintsho oluqhubekayo, kuquka ukuphumelela kosodolophu wengingqi kummandla wedolophu yaseBelfast okanye amalungiselelo eenkonzo athe athe rhoqo. I-UUP ibilumkile ngotshintsho lokwakhiwa, ikholelwa ukuba inkqubo yangoku ifuna ixesha lokulala ngokufanelekileyo. Noko ke, iqela lishiye ucango luvulekile ukuze luqinise imisebenzi yangasemva eofisini kunye nokuphuculwa komnqamlezo-council kwimisebenzi emikhulu. Umbono we-UUUP ngekamva ungomnye wozinzo kunye nokuqolo------accel, apho amabhunga ali-11 esoloko enamandla ngokwenene, iziququ, zithatha imisebenzi engakumbi evela kwi-Spoltontmont.

Izizathu Zokukhuthaza Ubunye Kwezobupolitika

Urhulumente wasekuhlaleni uhlala engowona mthombo wokuqeqesha isizukulwana senkokeli ezayo zeUUP. Uninzi lwabona bantu bathembisayo beli qela bacheba amazinyo abo kwiikomiti zebhunga, befunda ubuchule bokudibanisa nokulalanisa. I-UP kufuneka iphumelele kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni ukuze yakhiwe kwakhona ukuthembeka kwayo kwaye inike iNdibano isiphiwo setalente. Ikhono leli qela lokunika ulawulo olulungileyo nokuqulunqa i-ma kunye ne-unityism liya kugqiba ukuba isebenza ixesha elide.

Lifa lika-UUUP kutshintsho lukarhulumente wasekuhlaleni lintsonkothile. Liqela elancedayo ekudaleni inkqubo eyathi i-UP yabekwa phantsi kwesizwe kwinkulungwane yama-20, kodwa yadlala indima engundoqo ekuyilungiseni isakhiwo esintsonkothileyo, inkqubo yolawulo elawula icandelo loluntu kwi-21. Ngoxa i-UP yasebenzisa impumelelo engakumbi, i-UP yalungiselela ubuchule bobuchule bokulinganisa indalo kunye nomsebenzi wenkqubo enkcubeko ebumbana. Ukusuka ekulondolozeni i-commony Coving ukuze ixhase impumelelo kunye ne-onginistism, i-Ulster Union Party ishiye inkqubela esisigxilo kuNyakathombo. Indlela epheleleyo yokubona ibhulolonga nokusebenza kwebhunga, kwaye iyaquqululisa indawo yayo yezopoliti yembali.