Isebe elilawulayo lorhulumente wase-United States alilonto ikhoyo ekude eWashington, D.C. Izenzo zalo zibumba ubunjani bomoya esiwuphefumlayo, ukhuseleko lokutya esikudlayo, isantya sonxibelelwano lwethu lwe-intanethi, kunye nokhuseleko lwengingqi zethu. Ukusuka kwixesha ovuka ngalo usiya kwingqikelelo yemozulu elungiselelwe ngumbutho worhulumente ngexesha otshixa ngalo umnyango wakho ongaphambili ebusuku, isebe eliphetheyo liyasebenza, kwaye linempembelelo ecacileyo kwisebe eliphetheyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla, linika ukuqonda okucacileyo ngendlela eli gunya likarhulumente elibuchaphazela ngayo phantse phantse zonke iinkalo zobukho banamhlanje baseMelika.

Ukuqonda Isebe Eliphetheyo: Ukwakhiwa Nenjongo

Isebe eliphetheyo lilelinye lamasebe amathathu alinganayo karhulumente wase-U.S. elimiselwe liGatya II lomGaqo-siseko. Imbopheleleko yalo yokuqala kukunyanzelisa nokuzalisekisa imithetho edluliswa yiBhunga. Isebe likhokelwa nguMongameli, osebenza njengentloko yorhulumente kunye nentloko karhulumente. Kodwa uMongameli yeyona ndawo ibonakalayo kuphela yentlangano ehamba phambili equka uMongameli, iKhabhinethi, amaziko amaninzi asekuhlaleni, kunye namawaka amasebe kunye neenkokeli.

UMongameli noMongameli onguSizwe

UMongameli unyulwa rhoqo emva kweminyaka emine kwaye ulinganiselwe kumanyathelo amabini. UMongameli ongumongameli, onyulwe ngethikithi elifanayo, uthatha umongameli ukuba uMongameli akakwazi ukulungiselela. Ngasemva kokulandelelana, uMongameli usebenza njengoMongameli weNdlu yeNtlanganiso kwaye udla ngokuthabatha iinkqubo ezithile zomthetho-mgaqo-siseko. Amandla oMongameli aquka ukukhupha imiyalelo yabalawuli, ukumisela umthetho, ukuyalela imikhosi exhobileyo, nokuqhuba inkqubo yamazwe asemzini. La mandla achaphazela ngokuthe ngqo abemi ngezigqibo ezigqitywe kwintlekele, ukuphendula kwemicimbi yezentengiso, kunye nezivumelwano zezorhwebo zamazwe ngamazwe.

IKhabhinethi neZiko loManyano

IKhabhinethi ineentloko zamasebe alawulayo ali-15, njengeSebe Lokhuselo, iSebe Lokhuseleko Lonyango NeeNkonzo Zoluntu, kunye neSebe Lothutho. Isebe ngalinye lijonge iindawo ezithile zemigaqo-nkqubo kwaye liqhube iinkqubo ezichaphazela ubomi bemihla ngemihla. Umzekelo, iSebe Lezolimo lihlola inyama nenkuku, iSebe Lemfundo lilawula uncedo lwabafundi olulawula inkqubo yoluntu, kunye neSebe loKhuselo lweHomeland Lokhuseleko longamela ukhuseleko lwenqwelo-moya kunye noncedo lwentlekele. Ngaphantsi komgangatho wekhabhinethi, amakhulukhulu abameli, iibhodi, kunye neenkokeli ze-arhente (EPA), i-Daod andcutruption Agement (FFFFUB), kunye neKhomishini yoNxulumano (FCC) ekhethekileyo kunye nemisebenzi yenkonzo.

Imiyalelo yegunya nemithetho

Enye yezona ndlela zingqalileyo isebe elilawulayo elichaphazela abemi yimiyalelo yegunya kunye nemimiselo yombutho. Imiyalelo yegunya ingumyalelo okhutshwa nguMongameli onempembelelo yomthetho, ephantsi kohlolo lomthetho. Imimiselo, kwelinye icala, yimithetho eneenkcukacha eyenziwe ngabameli ukuzalisekisa imimiselo. Umzekelo, i-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSA) ikhupha imithetho efuna abaqeshi ukuba banike abaqeshi iimeko ezikhuselekileyo zokusebenza, ngoxa i-EPA imisela imida yemida echaphazela amanzi owaselayo. Le mithetho ipapashwa kwiFederal Registersting kwaye inempembelelo elawulayo kumashishini nakubantu ngabanye.

Imisebenzi Engundoqo yesebe elinoLawulo oluPhezulu

Isebe eliphetheyo lenza imisebenzi emininzi exhasa ulawulo lwesizwe nokunceda uluntu. Ngezantsi luxanduva, ngalunye oluneziphumo zehlabathi lokwenene.

Ukunyanzeliswa Kwemithetho

Kumgangatho wayo osisiseko, isebe elilawulayo liqinisekisa ukuba imithetho karhulumente iphunyezwa ngokuthembeka. Oku kubandakanya yonke into esuka kubagwebi berhafu ngeSebe loBululami ukuya ekuthabatheni iimpahla zenkohliso nge-Custom kunye ne-Borders Protection. Amasebe oMthetho agunyazisa ukugcinwa kweziyobisi njengeFBI, iDignFment Administration (DEA), kunye ne-Bureau of Alcohol, iTobacco, i-Fireams kunye ne-Exlosaves (ATFF) asebenza ukuxhasa imithetho yezentengiso. Isebe eliphetheyo likwalawula inkqubo yentolongo yesizwe, ehlala ibotshelelwe ngetyala lorhulumente.

Ukuqhuba Inkqubo Yasemzini Nokungakhathalelwa

UMongameli umela iUnited States kwelinye ilizwe, ethetha ngezivumelwano (ngemvume yeNdlu yeeNtlanga) kwaye engenela kwizivumelwano ezilawulayo namazwe asemzini. ISebe loRhulumente lilawula izikhundla kunye nee-odonga emhlabeni wonke, likhupha amapasi okundwendwela kunye neemvume zokuxhasa amaMerika phesheya kwelizwe. Izigqibo zoburhulumente zichaphazela abemi ngemigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo echaphazela ixabiso lempahla ethunyelwe kwamanye amazwe, izivumelwano zokhuseleko lwezizwe ezigcina ilizwe likhuselekile, kunye noncedo lobuntu olubonisa amaxabiso eMelika. Umzekelo, isigqibo somongameli sokubeka amaphetshana e-stafu kwintsimbi sinyusa iindleko zabenzi bezinto zasekhaya nabathengi bezithuthi kunye nabasebenzi abathenga iinqwelo-nqwelo-mafutha.

Ukutyunjwa Kwamagosa

UMongameli umisela amawaka abantu kwizikhundla eziphambili, kuquka oonobhala beKhabhinethi, abagwebi borhulumente, iintloko zamasebe azimeleyo. Oku kumisela kubumba ulwalathiso lukarhulumente kwiminyaka ezayo. Abagwebi bamaPhondo, abaqinisekiswe ngemithetho neMigaqo-siseko, abaphembelela amalungelo abantu, imigaqo yemeko-bume, kunye nemisebenzi yezoshishino. Iintloko ze-Arhente zimisela izinto eziza kuqala ukuze zinyanzele ukugcinwa, njengokusukela ukulwa kwemithetho yokusebenza kwezentengiselwano okanye ukuthomalalisa ukulawulwa kwemekobume.

Ukhokelo Lomkhosi

NjengoMyaleli-oyintloko, uMongameli unegunya elipheleleyo kwiNtloko exhobileyo yase-U.S. iquka umkhosi, uMkhosi wamanzi, umkhosi womkhosi wamanzi, umkhosi waseMatine, umkhosi wesithuba somkhosi, kunye nogada lonxweme. Le ndima ibandakanya ukugunyazisa umkhosi, ukuthuma amajoni, kwaye ukwenza izigqibo ngokhuseleko lwesizwe. Impembelelo yomkhosi yemihla ngemihla ivakala kwimpendulo yentlekele (njengeqela lomkhosi wanjini eMenenjini ngexesha leenkanyamba), ukukhusela inqanawe, kunye nobukho besiseko esixhasa uqoqoshosho lwezoqoqosho. Ngaphezu koko, iSebe leMicimbi yemiba yephondo (isebe lomgangatho wesizwe) linika ukhuseleko lwempilo neenzuzo zezigidi zamakrobi, ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iintsapho zabo kunye noluntu.

Ulawulo lohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali

Nyaka ngamnye, uMongameli unika izicelo zoqingqo-mali kwiKhomishini echaza izinto eziza kuqala kwiinkqubo ze-operance. Ngoxa ekugqibeleni iBhunga elilawulayo liyiphumeza imali, isebe liphumeza imali kwaye lilawula ukusetyenziswa koqingqo-mali. I-Ofisi Yolawulo noHlahlo (OMB) iyayiququzelela le nkqubo. Izigqibo zemali yenkxaso yesiseko sezezimali, yemfundo, yempilo, kunye neyokhuseleko lwesizwe ziguqulela kwiziphumo zelifa lehlabathi lehlabathi elifana neziphumo zemali yophando, kunye nenani labalawuli beenqwelo-moya. Isebe eliphethe i-ofisi yempatho likwaqokelela imali ngenkonzo ye-Interernern Revece Service (IRS), ichaphazela imali yobuqu werhafuwonga.

Indlela Isebe Elilawulayo Elibuchaphazela Ngayo Ubomi Bakho Bemihla Ngemihla

Isebe elilawulayo lithe saa. Ngasezantsi kukho iindawo ezibonisa ukuba linempembelelo ephawulekayo kuzo.

Imfundo Izithethe noncedo lwabafundi

ISebe lemfundo lengamela iimali-mali zabafundi zequmrhu linika inkxaso enceda izigidi zabantu ukuba ziye ekholejini. Likwanyanzelisa imithetho yamalungelo abantu ezikolweni kwaye limisela imigaqo yokuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi ekuphumeleni komfundi. Isebe elilawulayo lingamisela imithetho emitsha ngokubolekisa ngemali, uPell Grant eligazekile, nokuqokelelwa kwamatyala abafundi. Ngaphezu koko, iSikolo saseSikolweni saseLunch, siqhutywa liSebe leze linike abantwana ukutya okungahlawulelwangahlawulelwanga okanye okuphindwe kathathu kwiintsapho ezifumana imali ephantsi, kwaye kuchaphazela ngokungqalileyo ukungondleka kwabo nokukwazi kwabo ukufunda.

Ukufumaneka kwempilo nempilo kawonke-wonke

Impilo yenziwa ngamandla zizenzo zesebe elilawulayo. ISebe lezempilo nezonyango (HHS) linika iMedicare, iMedicaid, kunye noMthetho wezonyango weAffordhable Care (ACA). Iinkqubo zikaMongameli zinokuyandisa okanye zithintele, zitshintshe imigaqo-nkqubo yonyango egunyaziweyo, kwaye zixhase uphando lwezamayeza ngeZiko leSizwe lezempilo (NIH). Ngexesha leengxaki zempilo kawonke wonke, njengesifo se-COVIID-19, isebe eliphetheyo liquququze ukusasaza isitokhwe, ukuvavanyaza, kunye nokhokelo oluvela kumaZiko eencwadi zokuLawula ne-Develotence (CDC).

Ukhuseleko Loluntu Nomthetho

Ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke ludlulela ngaphaya kwamapolisa asekuhlaleni. Isebe eliphetheyo linyanzelisa imithetho karhulumente echasene nobugrogrisi, ukuthengiswa kweziyobisi, ulwaphulo-mthetho lwezekhompyutha, kunye nokulungelelaniswa kolwaphulo-mthetho ngamaqumrhu anjenge-FBI kunye neSebe loKhuseleko Lokhuseleko Loluntu. I-ofisi ye-FBI (TSA) inika abakhweli inkxaso-mali kwizikhululo zenqwelo-moya, ngoxa iFederal Emergency Managency Management Agency (FEMA) isabela kwiintlekele zemvelo. I-ofisi yeNtoliki yeNtolongo yezelo yezenteko yezentengiso ilawula amabanjwa, kwaye i-Oficial Programs inika imvume yomthetho yezezomthetho kwimicimbi yoluntu kunye nothintelo lwama.

Imithetho yokusingqongileyo kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wemozulu

Isebe elilawulayo linendima ephambili ekukhuseleni imekobume nasekulungiseni imozulu. I-Evironmental Protection Agency (EPA) imisela imilinganiselo yokukhutshwa komphunga kwizithuthi nakumaziko oshishino, ilawula ukusela amanzi acocekileyo, kwaye ilawula ukuhlanjululwa kwendawo eneengozi. Izigqibo zikaMongameli zokudibanisa izivumelwano zemozulu yezizwe ngezizwe, njengeParentel Recontrol, iphawula ukuzimisela kwelizwe ukunciphisa iigesi ezishushu. Le migaqo ichaphazela umoya ophefumlayo, amanzi owaselayo, kunye nezidalwa ezihlala kwindawo ekungqongileyo. Ngaphezu koko, iSebe leMdamasti yenze ilawula amazwe kawonke, iipaki, iipaki, kunye neemali zokubhola, ikhuthaza ukuzonwabisa kunye neendleko zamandla.

Imigaqo-nkqubo Yezoqoqosho Nokhuseleko

Isebe elilawulayo linempembelelo enkulu kwezoqoqosho. ISebe leBhunga lezezimali lilawula imali yelizwe, kuquka ukuqokelelwa kwerhafu, ityala, kunye nokunyanzeliswa komthetho wokusebenza kwetyala. Ngoxa iFederal Reserve izimele, uMongameli ubeka iMpawulo yakhe yeBhodi yeeRhulu, emisela inzala echaphazela ityala lemali yemali, amakhadi okuthenga ityala, kunye nemali-mboleko yeshishini. Inkqubo yezorhwebo, emenziwe yi-Ofirenti ye-United States Tracracty Irectivement kunye neSebe le-Commercional, iphembelela iindleko ezithengiswe kwamanye amazwe kunye nokhuphiswano lwaseMelika. Amasebe akhusela amaziko akhusela inteciso

Izithuthi Nezakhiwo

Qho uqhuba uhola wendlela ephakathi kwelizwe, ubhabha kwinqwelo-moya yezorhwebo, okanye uhamba ngololiwe, uxhomekeke kwisebe eliphetheyo. ISebe lezothutho (DOT) lijonge iFederal Aviation Administration (FAA), iFederal Highway Administration, iFederal Railtrap Administration, kunye neNational Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHSA). La masebe amisela imilinganiselo yokhuseleko, ukulawula ulawulo lwenqwelo-moya, akhumbula, aze anike imali yemali yendlela kunye nokulungisa ibhulohosholo. Izicelo zesebe eliphethe isebe eliphethe i-Federal Rail Rairoundstration, kunye ne-National Armagedministration Administration Ad Administration.

Ukhuseleko Lokutya Nezinto Ezithengiswayo

IFDA ilawula ukhuseleko lwenkoliso yeemveliso zokutya (ngaphandle kwenyama, inkukhu, kunye namaqanda aqeqeshiweyo, awela phantsi kwe-USDA). I-Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) ikhumbula izinto zokudlala ezinengozi, ezombane, nezinto zasekhaya. ISebe lezolimo liqinisekisa ukuba inyama nenkukhu ziyahlolwa. La masebe axhomekeke kwisebe eliphetheyo ukuze lixhase imali, ukhokelo, kunye nokunyanzelisa. Xa uthenge ipakethengi yempahla okanye isihlalo senqwelo-mafutha somntwana, uthemba ukuba isebe eliphetheyo lenze umsebenzi walo ukukukhusela.

Amalungelo abantu nokuSekela

Isebe elilawulayo limisa imithetho karhulumente elwalela ucalucalulo olusekelwe kuhlanga, ubufanasini, unqulo, ukukhubazeka, nezinye izinto. ISebe leSivumelwano samaLungu lihlola ukuziphatha okubi kwamapolisa, ukuvota amalungelo, kunye nokucalucalulwa kwezindlu. I-Unimement Accounting Opportountion Commission (EOC) iyayisingatha izikhalazo zocalulo emsebenzini. Imiyalelo yegunyaziso-omphathi-mthetho iyakwazi ukuqhubela phambili inyathelo lokuvuma okanye ukuvala ityala localucalucalucalulo ngokwesini, ngokobudoda nobufana.

Iingqikelelo nolungelelwano: Ukuqinisekisa ukuphenduleka

Isebe elilawulayo alisebenzi kwindawo engenamsebenzi. Inkqubo yokuhlola nokulungelelana yoMgaqo-siseko iqinisekisa ukuba akukho sebe linye elinamandla kakhulu. Ezi nkqubo zikhusela abemi ekuphangweni nasekulondolozeni idemokhrasi.

ICandelo loLawulo loMgaqo-siseko

IBhunga libamba amandla esipaji--------kumele kuvumele zonke iindleko zikarhulumente. Indlu kunye neNdlu yeQela ziyakwazi ukuqhuba ukuchonga, amaxwebhu angaphantsi, kunye nokuhlola izenzo zesebe eliphetheyo. IBhunga leNdlu yeNdlu iqinisekisa ukumiswa komongameli kwaye kufuneka ivume izivumelwano ze-raiftice ngenani eli-3. Ngaphezu koko, iBhunga lingayilawula i-veto ngevoti ye-3 ezimbini zamagumbi. La mandla anyanzela isebe eliphetheyo ukuthethelela imigaqo-nkqubo nokuhlonela ingumthetho. Umzekelo, iBhunga-Rhulumente lungavala inkxaso yemali yodonga lomda okanye iintloko zolawulo zokunyanzela ukungqinela izigqibo zazo.

Ingxubusho Yezogwebo

Iinkundla zoManyano zinegunya lokuhlola izenzo zolawulo oluphezulu nokugqiba enoba ziyavumelana na nomthetho wezomGaqo-siseko kunye nemimiselo karhulumente. Nabani na ochaphazelekayo ngumthetho okanye umyalelo wesigqeba angawuvavanya enkundleni. INkundla ePhakamileyo iye yawisa ityala izenzo eziphezulu ngezizathu ezifana negunya eligqithisileyo lomGaqo-siseko okanye ukwaphula amalungelo abantu ngabanye. Olu vavanyo luqinisekisa ukuba isebe elilawulayo libambelele kumthetho, likhusele abemi kwizigqibo ezingekho mthethweni okanye ezingekho mthethweni.

Ukuphendula kukawonke-wonke ngokhetho nobungqina

Abami banokulijonga ngokupheleleyo isebe eliphetheyo ngonyulo. UMongameli unyulwa rhoqo emva kweminyaka emine, kwaye ukwenziwa kweKhomishini kutshintsha emva kweminyaka emibini. Abaququzeli bangalivuza okanye bohlwaye iqela elinegunya elisekelwe ekusebenzeni kwesebe eliphetheyo. Ngaphandle kwebhokisi ye-collet, abemi banokuba nenxaxheba ngokuqhagamshelana nabameli babo, ngokuphulaphula iindlebe zikawonke-wonke, ngokunikela amagqabaza ngexesha lokwenziwa komthetho, nokusebenzisa amalungelo abo okuLandela ukulwa okanye ukubongoza urhulumente.

Ukungakhathalelwa Nokushenxiswa

UMgaqo-siseko uvumela iNdlu yabameli ukuba ityumbe uMongameli, uMongameli onguMongameli, okanye amanye amagosa asekuhlaleni ngenxa “yokuqiqa, ukunyoba, okanye ezinye izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho eziphezulu kunye nokungafezeki." INdlu yeeNtsimbi iqhuba ityala kwaye inokubalelwa ngamatyala abantu abalishumi elinesithathu, nto leyo ephumela ekususweni eofisini. Nangona ukungathobeli kunqabile, kungumqobo onamandla ekuthinteleni ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwamandla kwaye kuye kwasetyenziswa kwimbali yaseMelika, kuquka nakooomongameli uAndrences Andrew Johnson, uBill Clintons, noDonald Trimp (tvice).

Isiphelo: Isebe Elilawulayo Njengeqabane Lemihla Ngemihla

Isebe elilawulayo asiyongcamango ekude, yengcamango. Linamandla aqinisekisa ukuba amanzi empompo akhuselekile, umsebenzi wakho ukhuselwe yimilinganiselo yempilo neyokhuseleko, uhambo lwakho ngenqwelo-moya lukhuselekile, kwaye amalungelo akho ezoqoqosho ayakhuselwa. Ukusuka kwi-Social Security uxhase imigaqo yezokhuseleko exhasa ukulondolozwa komoya ococekileyo wezizukulwana ezizayo, isebe elilawulayo liphothiswe kwilaphu lobomi bemihla ngemihla. Ukuqonda indlela elisebenza ngayo nendlela onokubandakanyeka ngayo nalo, ngokuvota, amagqabaza kawonke-wonke, kunye nokuphendula kwezenteleko kwe-othematilo-ma.