Ukwazisa

ISebe lezempilo neNtlalo-ntle (MoHFW) lingumbutho ophambili karhulumente ojongene nezempilo kawonke-wonke, imfundo yezamayeza, ukulawulwa kwezifo, kunye nentlalo-ntle yentsapho eIndiya. Umsebenzi woBulungiseleli ulolonga iinkqubo zempilo yelizwe, ulungelelanisa iinkqubo zempilo ezinkulu, kwaye umisela imilinganiselo yokulawula icandelo lezonyango. Ngabemi abangaphaya kwewaka lezigidi ezili-1,4, umsebenzi we-MoHFW, wonke ummi — ukusuka kwimibangi ekwizini ekwizinzeni ukuya kumgangatho ongenakususela abakhulileyo. Igunyaziso lomsebenzi wobulungiseleli bomsebenzi wezonyango linyusela ukukhusela impilo, ukukhuthaza, ukukhuthaza nokuqinisa iinkqubo zempilo kulo lonke elasemaphandleni. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umsebenzi we-MoWF ibiguqula inyathelo eliphambili loncedo lobuchule bokuphatha abatsha abakhulile abakhulileyo abakhulileyo njenge-Antarenter-Agence, i-Admistnerty, ijeng ye-o yood yempilo ye-Arence yezor, ye-Indiya

Imeko

Inkqubo yempilo kawonke-wonke elungelelanisiweyo yaseIndiya iqala ukusekwa kwixesha lamahlali, kodwa isakhiwo sale mihla saqalisa ukuqalwa emva kokuzimela ngokwasemzimbeni ngowe-1947. Ingxelo yeKomiti yeBhore yonyaka ka-1949 yaseka isiseko senkqubo yezempilo ebanzi, incomela ukusekwa kweziko lempilo elisisiseko nokujoliswe ekukhuseleni impilo. Ngonyaka ka-1959, iSebe leMiningiselwano yezeMpilo lezeMpilo lathiywa kwakhona, emva koko lathiywa kwakhona iSebe leMini yezeMpilo-ntle yezempilo, ukubonakalisa ukugxininisa ukusetyenziswa kwesizwe ekuhlazisweni kwezifo ezingeyo. Ebude beminyaka engamashumi amashumini, lobushicinei-o-o-o-omnyaka ka-201717.

Ulungiselelo

I-MOHFW ilungiselelwe kumasebe amaninzi kwaye idityaniswe nee-ofisi ukuphatha iimbopheleleko zayo ezibanzi:

  • Isebe lempilo neNtlalo-ntle Yamalungu entsapho: liphethe iinkqubo zempilo kawonke-wonke, ucwangciso lwentsapho, ubumama kunye nomntwana kunye namanyathelo okulawula izifo.
  • Isebe lophando lwempilo: likhuthaza uphando lwezamayeza kwaye lilungelelanisa iBhunga le-Indiya lophando ngezamayeza (ICMR).
  • I-Drectorate General Services zezonyango (DGHS): inikeza amacebiso obuchule kwaye izalisekisa iinkqubo zempilo yesizwe.
  • Iziyobisi ezixhaswe ngokwemigangatho yolawulo (CDSCO): ibuyisela ulawulo lweziyobisi, izixhobo zezamayeza, kunye novavanyo lwezamayeza.
  • Inkqubo yesizwe yezonyango yeZiko leZibonelelo zeMfuno (NHSRC): Inkxaso yobuchule bokwakha kunye noncedo lobugcisa lokomeleza iinkqubo zempilo.

Kwakhona lo Mbutho ujonge amaziko aphambili anjengeIndiya Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS), iNational Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMANS), kunye neekoleji ezininzi zophando kunye neekholeji zezonyango.

Iimbopheleleko Eziphambili

Imiyalelo engundoqo yoBulungiseleli mikhulu kwaye iyadityaniswa. Iimbopheleleko ezingundoqo ziquka:

  • Ulungiso lwemithetho yezonyango yesizwe, ubuchule, kunye nolawulo olulungelelaniswe neenjongo zempilo yomhlaba wonke ezifana nosukelo loPhuhliso oluSisikekayo (SDGS).
  • Isakhiwo sezempilo soluntu: Ukulungiselela, ukwakhiwa, kunye nokugcina inkqubo yeqondo lesithathu lentlalo, iziko lempilo elingundoqo (PHCs), iziko lempilo loluntu (CHC), kunye nezibhedlele zesithili.
  • [[NTL:0] Ulawulo lokwehla koMphantsi kunye neNKQUBO:[[FL:1] iinkqubo zokufakela isifo sephepha (NTNEP), isifo seengcongconi (NVBDCP), iHIV/AIDS (NACP), iqhenqa kunye nezifo ezasulelayo eziqhambukayo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukungadibanisi: Ukusebenzisa iNkqubo ye-Immuniza yoNdebe lwehlabathi (UIP) ukukhusela abantwana kwizifo ezi-12 zogoma-goma.
  • IMaterinal kunye nempilo yomntwana: Ukuhlenga-hlengisa ukufa komama kunye neentsana ngokusebenzisa amacebo afana noJanini Shishu Suraksha Karakram (JSK) kunye nePradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA).
  • [[NTL:0] Ukuququzelelwa kwemfundo yezamayeza: ukukhangela kakhulu ezonyango, amazinyo, amazinyo, unyango, kunye noncedo lokuqala kwimizimba efana neNational Medical Commission (NMC) kunye neBhunga loBulanyiso baseIndiya (INC).
  • [[UMTL:0] I-Access kuMgangatho oPhakamileyo: Ibonisa ukubakho kwamayeza angafikelelekiyo ngoyilo lukaJan Aushadhi kunye nomgaqo wexabiso odlula kwiGunya leSizwe lePromitaicing (NPPA).

Amanyathelo Aphambili Neenkqubo

U-Ayushman Bharat

I-Ayushman Bharat yaqaliswa ngo-2018, yi-inshorensi yempilo entle karhulumente ekwimeko entle ehlabathini. Ineentsika ezimbini: iPradhan Mantri Jan Arogta Yajana (PM-JAY), enika inkcaza ye-765 lakh nentsapho nganye ngonyaka ngenxa yokuhlaliswa kwesesibini nesezibhedlele, kunye neTreety Centers zempilo neWellings ezidlulisela inkathalo ebanzi. Njengo-2025, ngaphezu kwama-30 ezigidi (300) ii-croires, kwaye izigidi zezibhedlele zigunyaziwe, zinikwe igunya eliphawulekayo, ukuncitshiswa kwemili yemali yemali yamahlwempu.

IMishoni yezeMpilo kaZwelonke (NHM)

I-NHM engaphantsi yemibutho yezonyango yesizwe yezempilo esemaphandleni (NRHM) kunye neNational Urban Health Mission (NUHM). Inika inkxaso ebhetyebhetye ukuqinisa iinkqubo zempilo, ithumela abasebenzi bezempilo abaphambili (ASHE, AM), kwaye iphucula izibonisi zempilo yooma nomntwana. I-NHM ikwaxhasa amanyathelo eenkonzo ze-Free Drugs kunye neenkonzo ze-Free Diaxiotics kwizakhiwo zikawonke-wonke.

Inkqubo yokuzinzisa kazwelonke

I-Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) yenye yezona migudu zikhulu zokugoma emhlabeni wonke, iquka iintsana ezisisi-2,7 zezigidi kunye namabhinqa akhulelweyo (27 ezigidi) ngonyaka. Ngo-2023, iIndiya yavelisa isitofu sogonyo seRotavirus kunye ne-pneumococcal conjugate concia (PCV) phantsi kwe-UIP, inciphisa ukufa kwe-diarrhoe ne-nyumonia.

Inkqubo yokuLawula uGawulayo weSizwe (NACP)

Ngaphantsi kombutho woLawulo lweSizwe lwe-AIDS (NACO), i-NACP ifikelele unciphiso lwe-66% kusuleleko olutsha lwe-HIV ukususela ngo-2010. Le nkqubo ijolise kungenelelo lolwaphulo-mthetho oluphezulu lwamaqela alwa nolwaluko, unyango olukhululekileyo lokulwa nolwaphulo-mthetho (ART) kumaziko aphantse abe li-1 800 e-ART, kunye nokuthintelwa kodluliselo lwabazali kumntwana.

UMishoni wezeMpilo (PD-ABHIM)

Ibhengezwe ngowama-2021 enoqingqo-mali lwe-764,000 crore (malunga nama-R22 amawaka ezigidi), iPM-ABIM izimisele ukomeleza izibonelelo zempilo zase-Indiya — ukwakha ii-labbhu ezintsha zempilo kawonke-wonke, amaziko afuna ukukhathalelwa, kunye neenkqubo zokuhlola izifo ezandisiweyo. Ikwamisela kwakhona iNational Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) njengeseko elinamandla lokuphendula.

Izinto Ezithatyathwa Empilweni Ngamanani

INational Digital Health Mission (NDHM) — kamva yathiywa ngokuba yi-Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) — yenza imo yempilo edityanisiweyo. Ikhupha ii-ID zezempilo ezikhethekileyo (ABHA) zinceda iingxelo zempilo ze-elektroniki, kwaye inceda ukuqhuba i-tel-appel kwiqonga le-eSjeevani, eyabhala malunga nekhulu lezigidi ze-100 ze-atmon (2024). Eli nyathelo lifuna ukuvala umsantsa phakathi koogqirha basedolobheni nabaguli basemaphandleni.

Imisebenzi

I-MOHFW ifumene impumelelo ephawulekayo kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje. I-Indiya yavakaliswa ingenapoliyo kwi-2014 emva kwamashumi eminyaka yokugonywa okuqhubekayo. Umlinganiselo wokufa (MMR) wehla ukusuka kwi-130 ku-100 000 yabazalwayo ngo-2016 ukuya ku-192020, kwaye umlinganiselo wokufa kweentsana (IMR) wehla ukusuka kuma-49 ukuya kuma-281 000 nge-1000. Ilizwe liye laphelisa i-tetanus kunye ne-yaws kwaye lanciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ubunzima be-lymph filariasis. Ubomi benzala banda ukususela kuma-679,000 ngonyaka ka-2023.

Ucelomngeni Okujamelene Nalo

Phezu kwayo nje inkqubela, uBulungiseleli buzama ukumelana nocelomngeni oluzingisileyo:

  • I- Umahluko we-Rral-Urban: ngaphezu kwe-70% yabemi base-Indiya bahlala kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, apho amaziko ezempilo ahlala engaphantsi kwe-antintifu kwaye engaxhotyiswanga. Uninzi lweingcali lukhetha ukubekwa kwedolophu, lushiya izibhedlele kunye noogqirha besithili bengenazibhedlele, abathathi-nxaxheba, okanye abathathi-nxaxheba.
  • I-Indiya i- I-Health Chare Morcestery: inomlinganiselo wobugqirha oya kutsho kubemi malunga no-1.1:1,1, ngezantsi kakhulu kweWHO eyanconywa 1:1,000. Umlinganiselo womongikazi-kugqirha ukwangunogwayiswa, kwaye ngaphezu kwama-80% oogqirha basebenza kwimimandla yasedolophini.
  • Isifo esinamacala amaninzi esi sifo sigaleleka ````````Isifo sephepha'''', isifo sowe-1', isifo somalaleveva, kunye nesirhubuluzi sisenokubangela ukufa kwabantu abaninzi, ngoxa izifo ezingasulelekiyo (NCD) — isifo sentliziyo, isifo seswekile, umhlaza, zidumbe, zinegalelo kwinani elingaphezulu kwama-60% lokufa. Inkqubo yempilo izama ukumelana nazo zombini.
  • [[NTL:0] Ngaphandle kwe-Pocket Expenditure: Ngaphandle kweAyushman Bharat, phantse 50% yokuchitha impilo eIndiya ayisekho kwi-packet, iqhubela izigidi kubuhlwempu nyaka ngamnye. Inkcitho yempilo karhulumente njengentsabelo yeGDP imalunga ne 2.1%, ngezantsi kwe-avareji yomhlaba wonke ye-6%.
  • Iziphumo zempilo ye-mercial: Isifo esigqugqisayo se-COVID-19 esibhenca ukubola ekulawuleni ukwasulelwa, ioksijini enikezela ngetyathanga, kunye nomthamo wobungozi. Ngokulandelayo ukuqhambuka kwe-mucocosis kunye nentsholongwane ye-Nipah ivavanye iindlela zokuphendula.
  • [[FLT: 0] Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR):[[FLT] Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwezibulala-ntsholongwane ezibhedlele nakwezolimo kuye kwakhuthaza ukunyuka kwe-AMR, kusongela ukuncitshiswa konyango lwezifo eziqhelekileyo. I-Indiya ineSicwangciso seSizwe soMGQIBO kodwa ukugcinwa komthetho kuhlala kubuthathaka.

Uphuhliso nolwamkelo lwakutshanje

Ulawulo lwe-COVID-19

I-MoHFW yalungelelanisa ukusabela kwe-Indiya kwisifo esigqugqisayo nge-OVID-19 Umkhosi womsebenzi wesizwe. Izenzo ezingundoqo zaquka ukunqanda uvavanyo olususela ku-0 ukuya kwizigidi ezibini ngosuku, ukuseka izibhedlele ze-COVID ezinikezelweyo ze-COVID, kunye nokusebenzisa i-attings enkulu yehlabathi — ukuqhuba amaqondo angaphezu kwamawaka ezigidi ezingama-2. ISebe landulula kwakhona iqonga le-coWin le-gesticals ukubhalisa kunye ne-cracym, kamva lamkelwe ngamazwe aliqela. I- Post-pandemic, iSebe liye laqinisa ukugquma kwalo nge-Ayman Bharat Health Infraclast Missionty (P-BHIM).

Utshintsho Oluyalelayo

Ngo-2020, iKhomishini yeSizwe yezeMpilo (NMC) yathabathel' indawo iBhunga leeNjaji laseIndiya, izimisele ukuzisa ukubonakala nokuphendula kwimfundo yezamayeza. Kwakhona uMlungiseleli wasungula iMigaqo emitsha neMilingo Enzima, 2019, ikhupha iinkqubo zokuvumelana ngexa kuqinisekwa kokhuseleko. Ukusekwa kwamaxabiso e-National Phmandecutical Pricing Aguethorictical Pricting (NPA) yemichiza ebalulekileyo kuncedile ukuhlangabezana neendleko. Ngaphezu koko, iCDSCO iyahamba isiya ekuhlolweni nasekuhlalisweni kwemisweni kwemiqathango kunye nemilinganiselo yezizwe ngezizwe.

Impilo Yengqondo Ne-NCD

Iqonda ubunzima obandayo beengxaki zengqondo, iSebe leMicimbi yezeMbali yeSizwe seNdoda yeMpilo yeMbali (NMHP) linike ingqalelo kwiinkonzo zempilo yengqondo yesithili kunye nokusetyenziswa kwendlela ephambili yokunyamekela. Isifo seNational Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) esihamba emazibuko, i-swekile, kunye nomlomo, ibele, kunye nomhlaza wesibeleko obonwa phantsi kwe-National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cance, Diabetes, Diabetes, Cardiodiosiovacrals and Stroke (NPCDCS). Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili- 150 baye bahlolelwa iskrini se-NCD.

Icala

I-MoHFW yamaxwebhu akutshanje omgaqo-nkqubo kunye noqingqo-mali ichaza izinto eziza kuqala eziliqela kweli shumi leminyaka lizayo. Inkqubo yeSizwe Yezempilo 2017 ibeka ixhoba lokwanda kwenkcitho yempilo kawonke-wonke kwi-5.5% ye-GDP ngo-2025. Nangona ukuchithwa kwemali kuhlala kumalunga ne 2.1%. Ukunyuka okuqhubekayo kweAyushman Bharat ukuquka i-geriatricat, ukukhathalelwa kwempilo, kunye nokukhutshwa kwempilo yengqondo kulindeleke. Iplani yomsebenzi ikwanokunyuswa kwenethweswa kwe-nethwethwethwethwe yi-Ay yempilo ye-ABM (izigidi ezingama-2026) ngo-206, ukuqukwa kwe-elisa i-lakhiwotshi ye-mali esebenzayo kunyuswa umgangatho ophezulu we-205) kunye noncedo lwe-Gathonga-GP.

Kwinqanaba lehlabathi lonke, i-Indiya isebenzisa umongameli wayo we-G20 ngowama-2023 ukunyanzela ukwamkela imilinganiselo yempilo yamanani kunye nezifo ezimandundu. ISebe likwaxhasa amanyathelo asetyenziswayo njengendlela yehlabathi Lonke Yobugcisa yabesifazane, i-Children’s Health, ne-Oncenta’s and the One Health’s yendlela yokulwa nezifo zogcino-zilwanyana. Uphando kunye nophuhliso lwe- genomics, unyango lwe-rejinitery, kunye nobuchule bokunyanga i-oyile-yonke ifumana inkxaso engakumbi karhulumente nge-ICMR kunye ne-BIRAC.

Ukuthetha ngokungabikho kwabasebenzi abanyamekela impilo lucelomngeni oluqhubekayo. ISebe liqalise ucwangciso olutsha lokuseka iikholeji ezintsha zezonyango ezingama-75 ngo-2025-26, kwaye liye ladala izihlalo ezitsha ezingaphezu kwama-23 000 ze-MBBS kunye nezihlalo ezitsha ezingaphezulu kwe-199 000 kwiminyaka emihlanu edluleyo. IBhunga leSizwe Lenkcubane sezonyango sesizwe neSizwe seMiliyo yezeMpilo limiselwe ukulawula nokuqhuba amasimi sonyango esinxulumene ne-pysioperany, isondlo, kunye nobugcisa bezonyango. Ngokungqinelanayo, imigudu iphantsi koko yokomeleza impilo yoluntu ngoncedo lwe-Accredived Sercio altivies (ASH) kunye nonoummy-aves (MM).

Isiphelo

ISebe le-Indiya loMsebenzi wezempilo neNtlalo-ntle yeMisebenzi yezeNkcubeko lisaqhubeka lingumthombo ophambili wezonyango lwelizwe. Imigudu yalo — ukusuka ekukhuliseni inkathalo ephambili ukuya kwi-okhestra e-Oushman isiya kwi-okhestrat ye-COVID-1919 kunye nenkqubo yolawulo oluqhelekileyo — iye yachaphazela imbombo nganye yelizwe. Ngoxa iingxaki ezifana nezithuba zemali, ukunqongophala kwemisebenzi, nokunqongophala kwezigulo ezibini zezifo ezithe rhoqo, kunye nobunzima obuphindwe kabini bezifo obukhoyo, inyathelo loBulungiseleli bomsebenzi elikhoyo, ziya kufuneka zihambele phambili, kwaye zixhomekeke kwimiqatha yezonyango, njengoko i-Indiya i-Antreawerverance, abantu abalupheleyo, abakwindima enzima ngakumbi. Ukufumana iinkcubango zempilo kunye ne-SGD ngo-2030, kuya kufuna ukusetyenziswa kwemali eqhubekayo kwezoshishiphilo lonke icandelo loburhulumente, kunye namasebe lomhlaba, kunye namazwanondizwe, kunye namaqabane