Ubuchule bemfundo obuxhaswa ngoncedo lwamazwe angaphandle buyinkqubo enamandla yokuqhubela phambili ukushukuma komhlaba wonke, inika abafundi abanamava abasuka kumazwe asakhasayo ukuba bafumane imfundo ephezulu kunye noqeqesho kumazwe anenkqubo yemfundo emiselweyo. Ezi nkqubo aziguquleli nje kuphela ubomi babantu kodwa zomeleza amaqhina asuka kumazwe ngamazwe, zikhuthaza ukuqondwa kweemeko-ntlobo-ntlobo, kwaye zinegalelo kwinjongo yokuphuhlisa ihlabathi. Ngokufaka umsantsa phakathi kwamathuba alinganiselweyo kunye nemfundo yeklasi yehlabathi, amazwe angaphandle angama-âidà62069 aphezulu asebenza njengesiseko solwando lwezoqoqosho, intlalo, intsebenziswano yezakhono, kunye nentsebenziswano yezomthetho. Eli nqaku lihlola indima ebanzi yolwazi, iziphumo zokuhamba kwazo, imingeni-makhweba, kunye namathuba abawafumana kuwo amathuba okuhambela phambili kwe-1966, kunye nokufikelele emhlabeni.

Indima Yoncedo Lwamazwe Angaphandle Ekuxhaseni Imfundo

Uncedo lwamanye amazwe, olusoloko lubhekiselwa kulo njengoncedo olusemthethweni lophuhliso (ODA), yinkxaso yemali okanye yobugcisa enikwa ngoorhulumente, amaqumrhu amaninzi, kunye neentlangano zoburhulumente ukukhuthaza inkqubela-phambili yezoqoqosho nentlalo yamazwe amkelayo. Imfundo ibisoloko iphambili kumazwe aluncedo kuba ingumqhubi osisiseko wekomkhulu labantu, ukunciphisa ubuhlwempu, kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo. Ngokutsho kwe- ], imfundo enxulumene ne-ODA ifikelele ngaphezu kwee-R15 amawaka ezigidi ngonyaka kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kunye nesabelo esikhulayo kwizifundo zolwazi nezinye iindlela zoqeqesho.

Ezi zifundo azingoncedo nje kuphela. Zizibonelelo ezilungelelaniswe neenjongo zamazwe angaphandle anikelayo, ezifana nokwakha ulwalamano lwe-demokhrasi, ukukhuthaza amaxabiso olawulo-mpumlo, nokukhuthaza unxulumano lwezoqoqosho. Iinkqubo ezifana ne Udweliso lwenkqubo[, , [[FLT]] iSChouarting [ uD [iiiiindawo yolawulo lwezomthetho yedemokhrasi, kunye ne-D [ish Acmacentic Exchange Service Services] ixhaswe ngurhulumente wesizwe kwaye yenzelwe ukutsala iinkokeli zexesha elizayo zisuka kwamanye amazwe. Ngokulungiselela okanye ngokucothayo okanye ngokungena nxalenye kwemali, kunye neendleko, kunye nee-inshorensivey, ezi zinto ezithi zemali ezinokususa iimali ezikhoyo zemali ezikhoyo ezikhoyo ezikhoyo, ezinokuxhasayo ezi

Indlela Eveliswe ngayo Umsebenzi wonobumba beenqanawa

Inkoliso yemfundo yamazwe angaphandle isebenza ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo evavanya ukufaneleka kwemfundo, ukukhokelwa, kunye nokuzinikela komntu ocelayo ukuba anikele kwilizwe lakowabo emva kokuphumelela. Le nkxaso iquka ezi nkalo zilandelayo:

  • [[UMTL: 0] Imali kunye nerhafu [[FLT: 1] – Izele okanye inxalenye yentlawulo yeziko lomamkeli.
  • [[UMTL:0] Imali ephilayo exhomekekileyo – imvume yenyanga yokuhlala, ukutya, kunye neendleko zequbuliso.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Amaxabiso e- – I-Jikelele ye-injini ye-injini okanye isithuthi somhlaba ukuya nokusuka kwilizwe elithunyiweyo.
  • I-inshorensi yeHealth – intengiso yokwalatha yeengxaki zonyango kunye nokunyanyekelwa kwendlela eqhelekileyo.
  • [[Uqeqesho lolwimi:0] uqeqesho lolwimi okanye iiklasi zokulungiselela – Inkxaso yokunceda abo baphethe ibhayoloji baphumelele ngokwemfundo.

Le miba yemfundo isetyenziswa ngabameli bakarhulumente (umz., iSebe loRhulumente wase-U.S., i-UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office) okanye iziseko ezizimeleyo ezifumana inkxaso-mali kawonke-wonke. Iinkqubo ezininzi ziquka ukutshintshisana ngenkcubeko, njengeenkqubo zokubonisa, iziganeko zezonxibelelwano, kunye neemfuno zenkonzo zoluntu, ukuze umphengululi aqonde ngakumbi ibutho labantu abahlala kunye nabo.

Iinkqubo zolwazi ezikhulu zobugcisa bamazwe angaphandle

  • Inkqubo yeFULT (USA) – Enye yezona zidala nenodumo, imali efumaneka xa kufundwa, kuphando, kunye nokufundisa iinqanawa zomncedisi wabafundi abasuka kumazwe angaphezu kwe 160.
  • Ukunyusa uQonda-lwazi lweenqanawa [UFLT:1] – iNgxowa-mali karhulumente we-UK, lemali yeminyaka engama-88 yemfundo yezolwazi itsala iinkokeli kwimimandla enjengezibonelelo zexesha elizayo, ezorhwebo, kunye nenkqubo kawonke-wonke.
  • DAAD Umphengululi weenqanawa [iinqanawa zaseJamani] – inikezela ngamathuba kubafundi bezizwe ngezizwe ukuba baqhubeke neenkqubo ezingaphantsi, eziphumeleleyo, kunye nezine-PD kwiiyunivesithi zaseJamani.
  • Australia Adross – Iphethwe liSebe le-Australian leMicimbi yaMany Affairs, ezi zifundo zijolise kumazwe ajongene nawo kummandla we-Indo_acidentific.
  • Erasmus+ (Umanyano lwaseYurophu) – Yinkqubo yengingqi exhasa ufundisiso nokuhamba ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-EU, exhaswe ngoqingqo-mali lwe-EU.

Inkqubo nganye ineendlela ezithile ezikhethekileyo zokufumana intsebenzo, imijikelo yesicelo, neendawo eziphambili, ngokufuthi ezihambisana nolwandiso lwelizwe elinikelayo.

Impembelelo Ekhondweni Lehlabathi Lonke

Ukuhamba kwabantu emhlabeni wonke — ukukwazi kwabantu ukunqumla imida yemfundo, umsebenzi okanye ukutshintshisana ngezithethe — kukhuthazwa ngokungqalileyo yimfundo yamazwe angaphandle. Ezi nkqubo zidala iindlela ebeziya kuthi ngenye indlela zingavalwa abafundi abasuka kwimvelaphi ephantsi okanye kwimimandla efunyenweyo okanye iimfazwe. Impembelelo yalo isenokuhlolisiswa ngeendidi eziliqela:

Ukufumana okungakumbi kwimfundo efanelekileyo

Amazwe amaninzi asakhasayo akanazo izibonelelo, izikolo, kunye nezinto zokunikela imfundo ephakamileyo ehlabathini. Kwanaxa kukho amaziko, indleko isenokuba yeyokwalela. Imfundo yamazwe angaphandle ilinganisa ibala lokudlala ngokunika abafundi abanesiphiwo sokufikelela kwiiyunivesithi ngophando oluneeprojekthi, abaphengululi abanamava, neenkqubo zemfundo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, umntu ofundayo kwiSbattbang SAharan Afrika angafunda ngobunjini benzululwazi yobugcisa yaseJamani, azuze ubuchule obunqabileyo kwilizwe labo lasekhaya.

Ukukhuthaza utshintshiselwano lwenkcubeko nokuqondana

Xa abaphengululi behlala baze bafunde kwamanye amazwe, basebenza njengabameli abangacwangciswanga benkcubeko yabo ngoxa befunda amasiko, imilinganiselo, neembono zebutho labantu abahlala apho. Oku kutshintshisana ngeendawo ezimbini kunciphisa imbono engaqhelekanga, kwakha ukuthembana, kwaye kukhuthaza ulwalamano olude lwe-international. Uninzi lwezifundo zealmni lugcina iinkqubo ezinceda unxulumano loshishino, uphando, kunye namanyathelo okwakha uxolo.

Ukwakha Ubuchule Nokusasazwa Kolwazi

Abaphengululi babuyela ekhaya benezincopho eziphezulu, iinkqubo zobugcisa, nokusebenzisa iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokukhokela urhulumente, iacademia, necandelo lobuqu, besebenzisa ulwazi lwabo kwiingxaki zasekuhlaleni. Ngokomzekelo, umphengululi wezamayeza oqeqeshiweyo kwelinye ilizwe unokukunceda ekuphuculeni iinkqubo zonyango zoluntu, ngoxa isazi ngezoqoqosho sinokwenza iindlela ezibhetele zokulungisa ubuhlwempu.

Ukomeleza Intsebenziswano Yazwenibanzi

Ngokufaka imali kwimfundo yeenkokeli zexesha elizayo ezivela kwamanye amazwe, amazwe anikelayo akha ububele kunye nempembelelo. U-Almni wale nkqubo usoloko exhasa amaqhina asondeleyo phakathi kwamakhaya awo kunye namazwe akhoyo. Ngokwengxelo yeSebe leRhulumente ye- U.S., uFulbright alimni ude abe ziintloko zikarhulumente, abavuzi bomvuzo zikaNobel, kunye neenkokeli kwibutho labemi, ezandisa impembelelo yemfundo yabo ngaphaya kwabantu ngabanye.

Iingxaki Nokugxekwa Koomphengululi Bamazwe Asemzini

Phezu kwazo nje iinzuzo ezingakumbi, ezi nkqubo zemfundo ziluncedo.

Ukungabi Namali Kaninzi Nokhuphiswano

Imfuneko yemali yamazwe angaphandle ingaphezulu kakhulu kwemirhumo. Nyaka ngamnye, amawaka abantu abafanelekayo abaza kubhaptizwa bafaka isicelo sezahlulo ezimbalwa, kwaye abafundi abaninzi abafanelekayo bashiyeka ngaphandle kwenkxaso. Ukugawulwa koqingqo-mali kumazwe anikelayo kunganciphisa inani lamabhaso akhoyo, kucuthe ukuqhubekeka kweenkqubo kunye nokuthenjelwa kwamazwe angamaqabane.

Ukugutyungelwa Bubuchopho

Enye yezigxeko ezisoloko zikho kukuba ezona zifundo zinokukhuthaza ezona zingcono neziqaqambileyo ukuba zihlale kwilizwe elinoluntu emva kokuphumelela, kunokuba zibuyele ekhaya zize zinikele kwinkqubela-phambili yasekuhlaleni. Oku “kukhupha amanzi” kuhlutha amazwe asakhasayo asebenzayo afuna awona angakumbi. Ngoxa iinkqubo ezininzi ziquka amabinzana okubuyisa (ukufuna abamkeli ukuba bahlale kwilizwe lakubo ixesha elithile emva kokugqiba), unyanzelo lusoloko lubuthathaka, kwaye ukunyanzeleka komthetho kuhlala kungukhetho lobuqu.

Ukulondolozwa Nokulungelelana Nezinto Eziza Kuqala

Abahlalutyi bathi iinkqubo zolwazi ngamanye amaxesha ziqhutywa zizinto ezifanelekileyo kunezibalulekileyo zezokwenyaniso zelizwe elinikelayo. Umzekelo, uphando lungajongwa kwimimandla ehambisana nezoqoqosho (umz., ubugcisa okanye izimali) kunokusebenza kwezolimo, imfundo, okanye impilo kawonke-wonke, nto leyo esenokuba yeyona ibalulekileyo kwinkqubela-phambili yasekuhlaleni. Ufundo lwama-2020 lungafunyanwa yi- Brookings Institution[[ luphawule ukuba ngaphandle kolungelelaniso olunobuchule, ubuchule bokuncedisa uluntu, ubuchule be-Genefinidansity , okanye ubugcisa obunonenobucala obunobangela “ukukhuthulwa phakathi kobuchule kunye nentengo yezo zemali ezifumaneka kwilizwe.

Iziphazamiso zolawulo nobuchule

Ukusebenzisa ulwazi lwamanye amazwe kungaba luxakeko kwaye ixesha lingaba linzima, ingakumbi kubafundi abakwimimandla ekude ekude abanokufikelela kwi-intanethi okanye abakwaziyo ukufikelela kwisiNgesi. Ukongeza, imiqathango ye-visa, uhlenga-hlengiso lwenkcubeko, kunye nexabiso (geneof parasy) ephilayo eninzi lingenza uxinezeleko kunye nokuphazamisa impumelelo yemfundo. Ezinye iinkqubo zinika inkxaso engonelanga, ekhokelela ekuhliseni phezulu okanye ekungangqubaniseni.

Umngcipheko Wokuzithemba

Ukuxhomekeka kwimali efumaneka ngaphandle ukuze kufumane imfundo ephakamileyo kunokuqhubeka kusenza sincedwa, apho amazwe asakhayo engakwazi ukwakha iinkqubo zawo eziqinileyo zeyunivesithi. Endaweni yokuzicebela imali engakumbi emakhaya, axhomekeke kwimfundo yemfundo yokufundisa amaqela awo aphezulu aphesheya, nto leyo esenokungaxhaswa ixesha elide. Le njongo ifuna indlela elungeleleneyo yokudibanisa ulwazi kunye nongeniso kwimizi - mveliso yasekuhlaleni.

Amathuba Okuphucula Nolwando

Phezu kwazo nje ezi ngxaki, abaphengululi bamazwe angaphandle basasoloko beluncedo ekukhuthazeni ukuhamba komhlaba wonke.

Ukuqinisa Ukubuya Komatshini

Iinkqubo zingalungiswa ukukhuthaza (kunokunyanzela) ukubuya ngokunika inkxaso ephezulu ye-posi yomgangatho. Imizekelo iquka ii-alumni ezinceda ukuhanjiswa komsebenzi kumazwe asekhaya, iinkqubo zobucebisi ezidibanisa abaphengululi ababuyelayo nabaqeshi basekuhlaleni, kwaye uphando lunika imvume yokuba baqhubeke nomsebenzi wabo ngokwesizwe. Amanye amazwe anikelayo, anjenge Norway, aye asungula “ukubuyisa nokubuyisela iprojekthi".

Ukulungelelanisa iindawo zonontlalo-ntle kunye nezicwangciso zophuhliso lwesizwe

Ukulungelelaniswa okungcono phakathi koorhulumente abanikelayo kunye nabamkeli kunakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba izifundo zabafundi ezijongene neemfuno ezinyanzelisayo zasekuhlaleni. Umfundisi-lwazi ojolise kwizifundo — ezifana nezasempilweni, imfundo, amandla avuselelweyo, okanye ezolimo — zingenza umbhobho weengcali oxhotyiswe ukucombulula iingxaki zasekhaya ezitsha. IMastercard Foundation Program Program [FFFLT: 1] ngumzekelo ophawulekayo ojolise kubafundi base-Afrika emasimini anjengezempilo kawonke, ishishini, kunye nobugcisa, ngokugxininisa ngamandla ekunikeni abantu abahlala eNtshona.

Ubuxhakaxhaka obugudisayo kunye nokuxutywa kwemfundo

Ukwanda kwemfundo kwi-intanethi, amaqondo axubileyo, kunye nokubekwa kwamanani kunika iindlela ezintsha zokwandisa ukufikelela ngaphandle kokufuna ukufuduka ngokupheleleyo kwexesha. Ezinye iinkqubo zolwazi ngoku zixhasa amaqondo olwazi kwi-intanethi okanye izifundo zesatifiketi sexeshana, ezinciphisa iindleko kwaye zivelise ubuchule. Oku kusenokunciphisa uqhekeko lwentsapho kunye noluntu, ngoxa kusenjalo kunika ithuba lokufumana iinkqubo zemfundo zezizwe ngezizwe.

Ukwakha UMzantsi Ntshona neNdlela yokuSebenza

Ukuqhambuka kwezoqoqosho njengeTshayina, i-Indiya, iBrazil, noMzantsi Afrika kuya kunika abafundi imali evela kwamanye amazwe asakhasayo. La maqabane emfundo aseMzantsi Mzantsi Mzantsi Afrika asoloko enciphisa imiqobo yenkcubeko kwaye avumelane neengxaki ezifanayo zokuphuhlisa. Intsebenziswano yesithethe — apho umnikeli wemali enika abafundi inkxaso-mali kunye nabaququzeleli bezezoqoqosho abavelayo — bangaphinda bandise ubuncwane kunye nempembelelo. Umzekelo, iBhunga lamaChomonishishina eNtshona Koloni [[FLT] [FLT] [FL:1] Imali efumana amawaka abafundi abasuka eAfrika naseAsia ngonyaka.

Umlinganiselo Nempembelelo Yokunxibelelana

Ukuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi olungcono ngeziphumo zemali efumaneka — njengomlinganiselo wemisebenzi, igalelo kumazwe asekhaya, kunye nokubuyiselwa okude kotyalo-mali — kunokwenza ukuba umbandela uqhubeke uxhaswa ngemali. Iinkqubo ezininzi ngoku ziqhuba uphando lwe-almni zize zipapashe iingxelo zonyaka ezibalaselisa amabali empumelelo, iingenelo zezoqoqosho, kunye nezifundo ezifundwayo.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala: Amabali Aphumelelayo Ehlabathi Lonke

Ukuzekelisa imiphumo yokwenene yomhlaba yolwazi lwamanye amazwe, amatyala aliqela abhaliweyo abonisa indlela umntu ngamnye oye wafumana utshintsho ngayo:

  • Ingcali yezonyango yaseGhana eyagqiba iMSC eHlolwayo kwiSpidemiology kwiYunivesithi yase Oxford yabuyela eAccra ukukhokela iphulo lokugoma lesizwe elanciphisa ukufa kwabantwana ngama-30%.
  • yinjineli yaseVietnam eyafunda amandla avuselelekayo ngemfundo yeDAD eJamani kamva yaseka inkampani eyafaka imicroorgads ezixekweni zasemaphandleni, inika umbane kwizindlu ezingaphezulu kwe 10 000.
  • Athe waphumelela e-Afghhan umthetho owaba nenxaxheba kwinkqubo yeFulbright wasebenzisa uqeqesho lwakhe olusemthethweni ukuxhasa amalungelo amabhinqa kwipalamente ye-Afghan, kwaye kamva wasungula i-NGO enika uncedo olusemthethweni kumabhinqa asebenza kwikhaya.

La mabali, ngoxa emela amawaka ealmni aqhuba inkqubela ngokuzolileyo kumazwe akuwo, abethelela ukuba uqeqesho lwamazwe angaphandle aluyonto imnandi — luziimali eziziimali ezingama - 36 000 ezibuyiselwa kwikomkhulu labantu elizweni lonke.

Utyekelo lwexesha elizayo kwiinqanawa zophando kunye nokuthotywa kwengxwabangxwaba

Njengoko ihlabathi lisiya lidibana, ummandla wemfundo yehlabathi lonke uyatshintsha. Izimo ezininzi ziya kuchaphazela ikamva lolwazi lwamazwe angaphandle:

  • Inkcazo eyongezelelekileyo kwi-equation: abanikeli baceba amaqela angaphantsi kwe-309 athenjiweyo, kuquka iimbacu, amantombazana, nabantu abaneziphene, ukukhuthaza ukuhamba okungapheleli.
  • Ukusetyenziswa kobuntlola obungeyonto ekufumaneni: amaqonga anamandla anganceda abathathi-nxaxheba ngeenkqubo ezifanelekileyo kwaye acuthe ikhethelo kwiinkqubo zokukhetha.
  • Imposiso kunye neenkqubo zocelomngeni lwehlabathi lonke: Iinqanawa zohlalutyo ezibhekisa kwimo yezulu, ukulungiselela, kunye notshintsho lwamanani luza kuhambelana nosukelo loPhuhliso oluSixhathiso lweUN.
  • Imizekelo edityanisiweyo yenkxaso-mali: Ukudibanisa uncedo lukarhulumente kunye neenqanawa zentlangano ezixhasa inkxaso-mali neminikelo yenkxaso-mali ingandisa iqumrhu leembasa ezikhoyo.

Sekunjalo, usukelo olusisiseko aluzange luguquke: ukulungiselela abantu abaneziphiwo abavela kuzo zonke iimvelaphi benethuba lokufumana imfundo yehlabathi ngo - 769 yeeklasi, yaye ngempumelelo yabo, banegalelo ekubeni kubekho ihlabathi elinokuthelekelela, elinoxolo nelityebileyo.

Isiphelo

Ubuchule bemfundo obuxhaswa ngabantu bamazwe angaphandle bunendawo ekhethekileyo nebalulekileyo yokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezihambayo. Zivula amathuba okuqondana, zikhuthaza ukudibana phakathi kwamazwe, zize zakhe umbhobho wolwazi onamandla obuyela ekuphakamiseni iindawo zazo. Ngoxa iingxaki ezifana nokuchitha ubuchopho, ukungaphili kakuhle kweemfuno zasekuhlaleni, kunye nokungahoywa kwemali okulinganiselweyo, ukwenziwa kwenkqubo yobuchule, umanyano olulungeleleneyo, kunye nokuzimisela okungaguquguqukiyo ukusetyenziswa kokusebenzisana kwamazwe ngamazwe ngamazwe, zinokubunciphisa obu mngcipheko. Ubungqina bucacile: ukunikela ngemfundo yeenkokeli zexesha elizayo ezisuka kumazwe asathuthuka iindleko zokuqala. Njengoko abantu abanikela ngehlabathi beqhubeka bephucula iimfuno zabo zolwazi, ukukwazi ukuguqula ubomi babo nokuqinisa intsebenziswano yentsebenziswano yehlabathi lonke.