Ukwazisa: Isivumelwano Esihle NgoLwesihlanu Njengomzekelo Wokwakha Uxolo Olupheleleyo

Isivumelwano seGood Wesihlanu, esasayinwa ngo-10 April 1998, simi njengenye yezona zingqinelano zoxolo ezibalulekileyo zexesha langoku. Saphelisa iminyaka engamashumi amathathu yemfazwe yogonyamelo eNorthern Ireland, ixesha elaziwa njengeeNtlambo, ezazisele zibulale abantu abangaphezu kwama-500 kwaye zishiye amanxeba anzulu. Nangona izivumelwano zezobupolitika zezobupolitika.

Ingxelo Yembali Yesivumelwano Esihle NgoLwesihlanu

Ukuze aqonde isizathu sokuba ukujongwa kwabantu ngokubanzi kubaluleke kangaka, kuqala umntu kufuneka aqonde ubunzulu bolwahluko eMntla Ireland. Le ngxabano yayingabangelwanga yipolitiki; yayingeyoyamazwe, eyonqulo, neyoqoqosho, kunye neendawo ezimbini ezingundoqo ````iProtestantist''' (ezininzi zabangathandiyo ukuhlala bekwi-United Kingdom') kunye noozwelonke (obobuKatolika, abafuna umanyano lwaseIreland).", bebambe inkqubelana yezopolitiko, njengoko iSunnimandale Agree yase 1973, yayisilele ngokwenxalenye ngenxa yokuba babengenaso isithengi sikawonke-wonke yaye bebekwe phezulu. Ngonyaka ka1990, inkqubo ebuthathaka yoxolo yayikhutshwe, iqhutywa ziintetho ezifihlakeleyo phakathi kwamaBritane nama-Ireland, njengamaqela ee-Rrietlandsburg, ngokokwayide, ngoko ke, nangaphi nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi naleyo ekufuneka ukuba abantu basentla embuthweni.

Indima Yokuphanda Kuwonke - wonke Ekwakheni Isivumelwano

Ukuxilonga kwabantu ngokubanzi kwakungesosiganeko sinye kodwa yayiyinkqubo eninzi eyaqulunqwa kwiminyaka emininzi. Yayibandakanya ukufuna ngokukhutheleyo iimbono, uloyiko, kunye neenjongo zabemi, amaqela oluntu, iicawa, amaqumrhu orhwebo, kunye namaqela ezobupolitika. Injongo ephambili yayikukwakha ukuthembana ngaphaya kolwahluko nokuqinisekisa ukuba isivumelwano esiphumeleyo sasibonisa isivumelwano esibanzi, nokuba ngaba ngaba ngabangafezekanga. Ukuphendulana kwanceda ukuveza inkxalabo enzulu neluncedo kubantu abaqhelekileyo, "ukunganyani, ukuchaza, ukudibana, nemisebenzi, kunye nekamva labantwana babo. Kwalungiselela ubuchule bokuvavanyanisa ukuhlenga okucetywa kokucetyiswa. Xa umbhalo wokugqibela wavunyelwa ngoApril 1998, kwayilwa ngeeyure ezingalinganiyo, zocwangciso ezicwangciiiiiiiiiiii, zocwangco ezicwangco ezifanelekileyo, zorhwebo ezifanelekileyo, ezilungiselelwe abantu abafanelekileyo.

Ubungqina bangaphambili nokwakhiwa kwentembelo

Phambi kweentetho ezininzi ezaqala ngo-199, oorhulumente baseBritane nase-Ireland babandakanyeka kuthotho lweenkqubo zokwakha intembelo. Ezi ziquka iintetho zikawonke-wonke, amaphepha okuxoxa, kunye nokubuzana ngokukhululekileyo neentlangano zentlalo. Umzekelo, "O'Neill-McGuinness" iintetho (ezithiywe emva kweMntla Ireland unobhala waseMntla Ireland Mo Mo Mowlam kunye noSin Fein inkokeli Martin McGuin) zaziyilelwe ukubonisa ukuba incoko inokwenzeka kwana nalawo ngaphambili ayethathwa njengee-"Tregisterings" iintlanganiso zephondo" kunye neentlanganiso zephondo zaziqhutyelwa ngaphesheya kwe-Ireland, zivumela abemi bani ukuba bavakalise iimbono zabo kwimibandela enjengedecomigralication, ukuhlaziya, kunye nemeko yexesha elizayo yezobugropost Ireland. Kodwa ezi ziganeko zangezo zezo ziganeko zeziganeko zeziganeko ezinzima zasemva kwezo.

Indima yeNdibano yabemi neNkcubeko

Uhlaziyo oluphawulekayo yayikukumiselwa kweNgqungquthela yase-Ireland, eyakhiwa njengenxalenye yesivumelwano sonyaka ka-1998 kodwa yaqulwa ebudeni beentetho. Eli qumrhu lahlanganisa abameli beshishini, amaqumrhu orhwebo, icandelo lokuzithandela, iicawa, namanye amaqela abantu basekuhlaleni ukuze bacebise iNdibano entsha yaseMntla Ireland. Ngoxa i-Fum yayingeyolungu lesigqibo, ubomi balo bebubonisa ukuba ukudibana kwabantu ngokuba luphawu olusisigxina lokulawula, kungekhona ukuqhuba ishishini elinye. Ngaphambili, ngexesha lenkqubo yoxolo, iNdibano yeNdibano entsha yase-Northern Ireland. [kanye)] (ngokwakungekho siko) yayikuthethwa ukuba kuxoxwe ukuba kubekho isivumelwano. Ezi ndibano zivumele abantu abaqhelekileyo ukuba bathethe ngendima entle yomsebenzi, ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lwase-Ireland, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweminye intembeso.

Iindlela zobudlelane: Indlela edityanisiweyo enezixa ezininzi

Ucwangciso lokuganana lwasebenzisa uludwe lweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokufikelela abemi abaninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Akukho ndlela enye eyaneleyo; kunoko, ukudityaniswa kwamanyathelo aphezulu nasezantsi kuqinisekisa ukuba amalizwi asuka kumacala onke oluntu ayeviwe. Ngasezantsi ziindlela ezingundoqo ezisetyenzisiweyo:

  • Iziganeko zobuProfethi kunye neeNtlanganiso zeHolo yeDown: iintlanganiso zaqhutywa kwiindawo ezisuka kumaziko oluntu ukuya kwiiholo zamaProtestanti namaKatolika. Ezi zazisoloko zincedwa ngabalamleli abangathathi cala kwaye zinika abantu iqonga lokubuza imibuzo ngqo kwezopolitiko nakumalungu eencwadi. Abaphulaphuli babenokuvakalisa inkxalabo yabo ngokhuseleko, ukukhupha imvume, kunye nokukwazi ukuhlanganisa i-Ireland.
  • Ishicilelwe kunye noNcedo lokuBroadcast: Urhulumente waseBritane nowase-Ireland wapapasha amaxwebhu engxoxo, anjenge "Umsebenzi Wesakhelo Sexesha Elizayo" kunye "ISibhengezo Soxolo," esasasazwa ngokubanzi. Abantu bamenywa ukuba bakhuphe iimpendulo ezibhaliweyo. Iinkqubo zocingo nothetho-mfono-mfono-mfono- , iingxoxo zikamabonwakude zazisa amagumbi okuhlala ngaphaya komntla Ireland, nto leyo eyenza ukuba inkqubo yoxolo ibe ngumbandela wencoko yemihla ngemihla.
  • Iiprojekthi zomsebenzi woLuntu eziGxekiweyo: zalungiselelwa iinkampani ezikhethekileyo zamaqela awayenokubekwa phantsi, kuquka amaqela amabhinqa, imibutho yolutsha, amaqela amaxhoba, kunye noluntu lwasemaphandleni. Umzekelo, iUlster People’s College kunye namanye amaziko emfundo aqhuba izifundo zokwakha uxolo kunye nobuchule bobungcali, ukwandisa abaxhasi bobungcakaxhakamfuzi ukuba babe nenxaxheba.
  • ICawa kunye neNxibelelwano yokholo: inikezele ubunzulu obunamandla bonqulo lwale ngxabano, iicawa zadlala indima ebalulekileyo. IBhunga leCawa [ kunye ne-[FLT] i-Roman Catholic Church [ inceda amaqela asekuhlaleni anxibelelana ngenkqubo yoxoxiso-lwazi olubanzi. Iintlanganiso zecawa ze-iholo zazisoloko zinikela isithuba esikhuselekileyo sengxoxo ye-amfonsone.
  • IReferendems ka1998: Olulolona hlobo lucacileyo lokuganana kukawonke-wonke yayiyintlu yemitya emibini eqhutywa ngomhla wama-22 Meyi 1998. I-Voters kuMntla Ireland yacelwa ukuba ivume i-Good Wepreter Agument, ngelixesha abavoti beRiphabliki yase-Ireland bevotelwe ngokwahlukeneyo ukuphelisa umgaqo-siseko wabo wokususa ingingqi yengingqi eMntla Ireland. I-i-i-'i-"81% kwi-Northern Ireland/* kwaye isivumelwano savunywa ngu 71% yabavoti-deli. Oku kugunyaziswa kwedemokhrasi kwanika isivumelwano esingalinganiyo kwaye kudibaniselwayo kwadibanisa omabini ukwenziwa kwayo.

Ezi ndlela zazingezozimonyo nje; zazibumba ngokukhutheleyo okuqulethwe yisivumelwano. Umzekelo, iphulo likawonke-wonke elinzima liyi-Coalition yamabhinqa yaqinisekisa ukuba ukulingana kwendoda neyobufanasini kwafakwa kumbhalo wokugqibela. Ngokufanayo, inkxalabo yomanyano malunga nokukhululwa kwasekuqaleni kwamabanjwa yayixutyushwa kumaxesha avavanyiweyo.

Ukuthabatha Inxaxheba Kuluntu: Abayili Abangakhange Bazibonelele

Ngeli xesha iinkokeli zezobupolitika zisoloko zifumana ityala nge-Good Frive Agreement, imibutho yabemi yayiligumbi le-injini lokuganana kwabantu bonke. Amaqela afana ne- yaseMntla Ireland Amabhinqa afumana iNgqungquthela yeZiko-mali, iZiko lobuComtunity Reagnotion [[]] i-Commony Relations Countation [[Iiiiiiiintetion]], yaye uninzi lwemibutho yoxolo kunye noxolelwano lwasebenza ngokungakhathali ukusungula imozulu apho kwakunokwenzeka khona. Baququze iziganeko ezithelelaneyo, abaqeqeqeshiweyo, yaye besasaze ulwazi olufikelelekayo kwiifomfolo ezithelelwayo, apho i-othenwa yavuma khona intlungiso, i-othe , i-othergo, apho i-odg.

Impembelelo Kwinkqubo Yoxolo: Oko Kwafezwa Lubandakanyeko Lukawonke - wonke

Uthethathethwano oluphangaleleyo nothenjiswano lwaba nempembelelo enzulu kwisivumelwano kunye nokuphunyezwa kwaso:

  • [[FLT: 0] Built Umunical Understanding: Ngokudibanisa abantu kwiingingqi zoluntu, inkqubo yokucebisa ingqwalasela yakhuthaza uvelwano nokugqalwa koluntu olunye. Abathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi banikela ingxelo yokuba ukuva uloyiko kunye namathemba eqela "elinye icala" kwaguqula iimbono zabo. Olu tshintsho lwengqondo lwaluyimfuneko ukuze kwamkele ulalaniso.
  • Inkxalabo Ekhethekileyo kawonke-wonke yanceda ekucoceni amalungiselelo achukumileyo. Umzekelo, umba wokukhutshwa kwebanjwa emkhosini wawunempikiswano enzulu. Kwintlanganiso zikawonke wonke, urhulumente waqonda ukuba ukukhululwa kwasekuqaleni kwakufuneka kuxhomekeke ekuthunyelweni kwezixhobo kwaye kunxulumene nenkqubo yoxolo oluqinisekisiweyo. Oku kwakhokelela ekudalweni kwe Independent International Commission on Decoming, eyayijonge ukutshatyalaliswa kwezixhobo.
  • [[NTLT: 0] Ingqiqo yokwahlulwa kobunikazi: Isivumelwano sasingabonwa njengento ebekwe yiLondon, iDublin, okanye izikhulu zezobupolitika. Endaweni yoko, ngenxa yokuba amakhulu amawaka abantu aye aba nenxaxheba ekufuneni iimvavanyo kunye nokuvota kwi-avenlum, bavakalelwa kukuba bafumene intengiso yobuqu kwimpumelelo yayo. Le ndawo iguqulelwe ekuzimiseleni ukukhusela isivumelwano nxamnye nabagxeki bayo, ababequka abaxhasi abanqinisi bayo kumacala omabini.
  • Imithetho ePhakathiwe kunye noKwamkelwa: Umvoti ophezulu nomxhasi onamandla othelekisa izityholo zokuba isivumelwano asisebenzi ngokwasemthethweni kwedemokhrasi. Kwanabo bavotelela "No" kwafuneka bavume ukuba inkqubo ilungile. Oku kugunyaziswe kungqineka kubaluleke kakhulu ngexesha lamanqam alandelayo, njengokuwa kwegunya elilawulayo ngo-2002 kunye nengxoxo ende phezu kotshintsho lwemithetho.
  • [[FLT: 0] Isivumelwano sasekwa iKhomishini Yokwenza Isivumelwano esingapheliyo: Isivumelwano sasungula amaziko agunyazisa ukukhangelwa kukawonke-wonke okuqhubekekayo, njenge iKhomishini yamaNgeno yaMantla e-Ireland yamaLungelo abantu[ kunye iKhomishini engenakulinganiswa , zombini ezithi zibambe imibuzo nohlolo lukawonke-wonke. ICBICONFFFFFFFFFFFF (eHY] kamva ivuselelwe kwifomu eyahlukileyo) yayicelelwe ukugcina uluntu kwintliziyo yolawulo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ukubhalisa kukawonke yayingesosenzekanga sisenzeko sinye esingaphandle kodwa siqheliselo.

Ucelomngeni Nokugxekwa: Imida Yokuphanda

Nangona iphumelela, inkqubo yokubonana kwabantu yayingeyondlela igqibeleleyo.

  • Ukukhutshwa kweminye iMicimbi: Ngexesha kwenziwa imigudu yokuquka amaqela aphantsi, amagama athile aye afunyanwa phantsi. Uluntu olusebenza kwiklasi yedolophu engekhoyo, ingakumbi kwimimandla yedolophu, lusoloko luziva luhlukanisiwe nenkqubo, luqonda ukuba inkxalabo yazo ngenkcubeko nokuwohloka kwezoqoqosho azithatyathwanga nzulu. Oku kuqhawulo kamva kwafak'ityala kugqashumbisa ugonyamelo olunyanisekileyo nenkcaso kwisivumelwano.
  • Ukubekwa kwezopolitiko: Iziganeko ezininzi zokudibana zalawulwa ngamaqela amakhulu ezobupolitika, maxa wambi awayezisebenzisa njengeeplatfomu ukwenzela iingcebiso zawo kunokuba zibe yimiqathango yokuphulaphula yokwenene. Amava abantu abazimeleyo ngamanye amaxesha ayegqunywa. ICBICOFFFFFFF ngokwayo] izama ukugcina impembelelo, kwaye indima yayo ekugqibeleni yancitshiswa emva kokuba amaziko abaphathi begunya beye bamiswa.
  • Ixesha lokunika iziqendu: Inkqubo yoxolo esebenzayo phantsi koxinzelelo lwexesha olunzima, ingakumbi kumgama wokugqibela phambi komqukumbelo ka-1998. Oku kusikelwe umda kobunzulu bokhangelo. Abami abaninzi baziva bengxamile ukwenza isigqibo kuxwebhu lweziqendu zentetho eziyi10 000. I-Picessingth-conual, njengoko abantu abaninzi bexhomekeke kuphengululo lwezimente ezilula kunemibhalo epheleleyo.
  • I-Ibray-Mossed Misty Trust: Kwibutho elingcoliswe lugonyamelo, abantu abaninzi babemathidala ukungenela kwincoko no "tshaba". Abanye abantu babengafuni ukunxibelelana neziganeko, bevakalelwa kukuba inxaxheba izakugunyazisa umkhosi womkhosi. Ukungathembani kufuna umgudu othe rhoqo kwaye kusilele. Inkqubo yokuthethana ayinakuphilisa zonke iinxeba ngobusuku.
  • Imida yokugqibezela:[ Xa uthetha-thetha ngesakhiwo sesivumelwano, ukuphunyezwa kwaso kwakusoloko kuthanda ukuphikisana. Umzekelo, ukukhululwa kwangaphambili kwamabanjwa, nangona kwakuxhaswa ngabaninzi ekudibaniseni, kwachaswa kabuhlungu ziintsapho zamaxhoba ezazivakalelwa kukuba amazwi azo awaviwanga. Oku kwabalaselisa umsantsa phakathi kohlolo olubanzi nezigqibo ezicacileyo, ezibuhlungu.

Izifundo Ezifundiweyo: Ukuzivumelanisa Nezigqibo Zokwenza Idinga

Iingxaki ezinyanzelekileyo zabaququzeleli ukuba balungelelanise. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, bafunda ukubaluleka kwe [[FLT:] umahluko [[FLT:] kodwa kusenzeka ukwenziwa kwento ekhoyo. [i-FLT:1] qhatha ukuba zonke izinto ezifunyanisiweyo zapapashwa zaze zaxoxwa ngokukhululekileyo. Bakwayiqonda nemfuneko yengxoxo [ [[FLT]] inqakwa-'ku, hayi ngexesha nje lesigaba sengxoxo, kodwa emva kokusebenza. Emva kwesivumelwano, iindlela ezintsha ezifana ne-[FLT:] i-PGOP] i-PGOP] (ekuquka abameli noququze incoko yoluntu) zasekwa ukuze kugcinwe incoko eluncedo. Ukuba akukho mfuneko yokusebenzisa unxibelelwano.

Izicelo Ezandileyo: Uhlolisiso Loluntu Ekwakhiweni Koxolo Lwezizwe Ngezizwe

Amava ase-Internat Ireland aye aba ngumzekelo wokuhlola indlela yoxolo ehlabathini lonke. Iintlangano ezinjengeendlela zeZizwe ezimanyeneyo kunye ze-Eupanon Union[[ zicaphule iNdlela entle yeSivumelwano saNtsundu [[[FLT]]] njengomzekelo wendlela [[FLwesihlanu] [iiindlela] ezizindlela zokudibana ngayo [i-Rland:] [iiiindlela] ezidityanizi, i-at-at thistyreagno [iiiiced transfy] kunye nokhuseleko oluthe kokugqibela, nangona i-ekho i- Colombia yalahliswa yi-ethompty, umzekelo, i-ethomoduray [5] ngendlela efanayo, ulawulo oluthe ngqo lwe-FoctiveFoctive.[59, umba-Ar.[5]

Ilifa: Ubandakanyeko Loluntu Oluqhubekayo KwiPost-Agreement yaseMntla Ireland

Isivumelwano esingamashumi amabini eminyaka emva kwesivumelwano esiBonelweyo soLwesihlanu, ukubhunga kwabantu kuhlala kungundoqo kulawulo lwasemntla Ireland. INdibano ye-Ireland yaseMntla iqhuba uhlolo lukawonke-wonke kumthetho omkhulu, kwaye ibophelele kumgaqo "ummiselo" kunye noluntu olubalulekileyo olukwimiba engundoqo. [[FLT:] Ulwimi oluqhelekileyo] lugcina izivumelwano zolwimi [, umzekelo, ukwenziwa kokuvakala kakhulu nokuzithoba kwabantu nokubhalwa, nangona ukusetyenziswa kwalo kuye kwathintelwa yimibangezo ezopolitiko. Ngokunjalo, umgudu othe kratya uninzi ufanele ulwenze ulawulo lwezopolitiki. [FLT] [FLT] [FF:5] umkhosi wolwimi oluthe rhoqo [uk'uluphulaphule amava exesheni eekwezo zezopolitiki, uluntu oluthe ngaphaya koncedo lwezenteko yoncedo lwezepolitiki, uninzi lwezenteko, uninzi oluthelekelelo oluthe , oluthe lungaluthi

Isiphelo: Imfuneko Ehlala Ihleli Yokuzinikela Kuwonke - wonke

Ukudibana nokuganana kwabantu ngokubanzi kwakungeyonto yayingeyonto enokwenziwa ngokuzikhethela kwiSivumelwano saseGood Wesihlanu; yayingubomi baso. Ngokubandakanya abemi ngendlela engakaze ibonwe ngaphambili, inkqubo yoxolo yafikelela kwiqondo lokwamkeleka nokuzinziswa eyayenza yakwazi ukumelana neengxaki ezoyikekayo. Ukusuka ekuqhutyweni kwebhombu e-Omagh ngo-1998 ukuya ekutyhafeni okungafezekiyo ngonyaka ka-1998, 2017, kunye no-20222. Iindlela ezisetyenzisiweyo ezisetyenzisiweyo/iiiiholo zephondo, i-amathendex, i-freants, i-focureals, i-fonts, kunye neventi ye-ease-eactsss (i-pactal pit) eyayingenakuveliswa nto leyo eyayingenakuveliswa yi-phazalelwa yi-equit-et-met, i-emount, i-emo yoxolo olucacileyo, kodwa imele ihlale icace emmangengenye kwisivumelwano solu lelwe ngumntu wonke.

[[UMTLL: 0] Ikhonkco le-External:[[UMTL]