Table of Contents

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni basemagqabini eendlela ezikhuselekileyo, besonga uninzi lwendlela yelizwe, ukanti indima yabo isoloko ingasebenzi. Ngelixesha amasebe karhulumente kunye norhulumente emisela imigangatho ebanzi kwaye enikela ngemali, ngamagunya asekuhlaleni, iidolophu, namaphondo, namaphondo , kwaye amaphondo , akha, izicwangciso, izitrato, nokusebenzisa izitrato ezininzi, iindlela, ukuqhuba, nokubhabhabha. Ngeekhithishi ezizizigidi ezingaphezulu kwezine zeekhilomitha zeendlela zikawonke eUnited States, phantse 75% ziphantsi kwemithetho yasekuhlaleni (FWA), iidolophu, kunye noomasipala. Usuku ngalunye, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni benza izigqibo ezichaphazela ngqo ukhuseleko lwabahlali babo: ekulungiseni umngxube webhobho onokuthi ubangele ukungqula i-traylksi ehamba isikolo esiya kungena kwisikolo. Eli nqaku, iimbopheleleko ezithe kratya, i-ethe ngqingqi.

Umhla Obanzi: Isizathu Sokuba Oorhulumente Bendawo Babe Kumgangatho Ophakamileyo Wokhuseleko Lwendlela

Ukhuseleko lwendlela asiyonto iphambili kwindlela abaqhuba ngayo; iphenjelelwa kakhulu yinkqubo yezibonelelo, ugcino, kunye nokunyanzelisa ulawulo . . Ngokungafaniyo neendlela ezilawula urhulumente wezothutho, iindlela zasekuhlaleni ziphatha isantya esithobayo, iinqwelo-mafutha ezixubeneyo (iinqwelo-mafutha, iinqwelo-mafutha), kwaye umhlaba owahlukahlukeneyo usebenzisa izikolo, iipaki, kunye nemimandla yezorhwebo. Oku kusondelela kubomi bemihla ngemihla kwenza ukuba umsebenzi wasekuhlaleni usebenze ngendlela ekhethekileyo.

Ulawulo oluthe ngqo nokuphendula

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bongamela ngqo ugcino-ndlela kunye nemigaqo yokhuseleko. Babeka imida yesantya (ephantsi kwemithetho karhulumente), bafaka imiqondiso nemiqondiso, badibane, bagqibe indawo yokudibanisa iindledlana zebhayisekile okanye iindlela ezihambayo. Abahlali babamba oomatiloshe, amabhunga esixeko, kunye nabaphathi-mikhosi bephondo abanoxanduva xa iindlela zingakhuselekanga. Oku kuqhuba inkqubela-ngqalelo yoluntu engenakusoloko inikelwa ngamaziko karhulumente.

Ubandakanyeko Loluntu Nezicombululo Ezinezothutho

Ngenxa yokuba oorhulumente basekuhlaleni besondelelene nabantu, bangabandakanyeka kubemi ekuchazeni iindawo eziyingozi, ukunikela ingxelo, kunye nemisebenzi ephambili. Iintlanganiso zeholo yedolophana, i-intanethi, izixhobo zokuxela ikhompyutha, kunye nohlolisiso lobume bengingqi lunika ugcino-lwazi lokwenene lwehlabathi oluxhasa uphando lobunjineli. Olo hlobo lokuzibophelela luqinisekisa ukuba inkqubela-phambili ibonakalisa iimfuno zokwenene, hayi izithethe nje.

Ukuhlaliswa kweZibonelelo kunye noLawulo loHlahlo

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bayayilawula imali yabo yokuqingqa imali baze banike imali yogcino lweendlela, imisebenzi yokhuseleko, kunye nokunyanzelisa ukuba kubekho. Ngoxa urhulumente kunye norhulumente benika inkxaso, iinkokeli zasekuhlaleni zigqiba ngendlela yokusasaza ingeniso elinganiselweyo kwizinto eziphambili ezikhuphisanayo. Oku kuyazivumela ukuba zifumane ubuncwane obuya kumanyathelo okuzikhusela aphezulu, njengokuzola kweenqwelo-mafutha ezikolweni okanye ukuphucula ukukhanya kwesitrato kwiipaseji eziphezulu.

Iimbopheleleko Ezingundoqo Zoorhulumente Basekuhlaleni Kukhuseleko Lwendlela

Umsebenzi wemini yonke woorhulumente basekuhlaleni uquka ububanzi, ukusuka kwindlela eqhelekileyo yokulungisa umngxuma ukuya kuphuculo lwekomkhulu. Uxanduva ngalunye lunegalelo kukhuseleko lonke kunye nokusebenza kwenethwekhi yezithuthi.

Ugcino lwendlela kunye nolawulo lwemeko

Uhlolo oluthe rhoqo kunye nolungiso luyimiqadi yeendlela ezikhuselekileyo. Imiphandle edaliweyo ehamba ngomgca ebangela ukutyibilika kwenqanawa, ukuhamba kwenqanawa emanzini, nokulahleka kolawulo. Amasebe oluntu asebenza kwindawo ahlola iindlela kwimingxuma, imingxuma, imingxuma yokukhupha amanzi, kunye neempawu ezinciphileyo. Ugcino-zithintelo olufana necrack, ukuvala, ukukhutshwa, kunye nokulungisa igxalaba kubangela ubomi bendlela kunye nokukhusela iimeko eziyingozi. Oomasipala abaninzi balandela iPavement Memotement Index (PCI) ukuze baqinisekise ukuba ukhuseleko lungabonwa ngaphambi kokuba luchaphaze kwingozi.

Ulawulo loshishino lohamba-hamba kunye nezixhobo zokulawula

Imiqondiso yomsinga, imisa imiqondiso yesantya, isantya, imiqondiso yendlela, kunye nemiqondiso yabahamba ngenyawo zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo. Onjineli basekuhlaleni baqhuba uphando lwendlela ukuze babone apho imiqondiso ifuneka khona, balungise ixesha lokuhamba okulungeleleneyo, bafake imendo ezijikelezeni okanye zonke ezimayo ekunqamleziseni kweminqamlezo eyingozi. Imiqondiso efanelekileyo inciphisa ukudideka kwaye inika abaqhubi benqwelo-moya, abahamba ngeebhayisekile, kunye nabahamba ngenqwelo-moya ukhokelo olucacileyo. I-UTCP] Imithetho ye-FFFFS Control transport Adding [MFD:1] inika imigangatho yesizwe, kodwa oorhulumente basekuhlaleni kufuneka bafeze iziphumo kwiimeko zasekuhlaleni.

Amaphulo Okhuseleko Nokufundisa

Ubunjineli bodwa alwanele; ukuziphatha kufuneka kutshintshwe. Iingingqi zokhuseleko lwengingqi ziqhuba amaphulo kawonke-wonke aphazamisa ukuqhuba, ukuqhuba kakubi, ukusetyenziswa kwebhanti, nokuqonda abantu abahamba ngenqwelo-moya. Iinkqubo ezifana ne-NTSA'''''' "Cofa i-I okanye i-Rettet" zidla ngokubulawa. Imfundo esekelwe kwisikolo, umqhubi omkhulu uphumza, kunye neenkampani zokusebenza ngebhayisekile zinciphisa ingozi ngokufikelela kubemi abachanabileyo.

Ukwahlulwa koMthetho

Amapolisa asekuhlaleni anyanzelisa imithetho yeenqwelo-moya, aqhube isantya, aphume neendawo zokuhlola i-DUI. Ukhuseleko lwendlela olunempumelelo lufuna ukulungelelaniswa phakathi kwemisebenzi kawonke-wonke kunye nokugcinwa komthetho. Xa ipaseji iphinda ihlaselwe ngokunzulu, ukwabelana ngogcino-lwazi kunceda kubone izinto ezifak ’ isandla `njengokukhawuleza okanye ukungaphumeleli ukubonelela ukwenziwa komthetho okanye utshintsho lobunjineli.

Ukuceba Nomhlaba Kusetyenziswa Ukwahlukana

Izigqibo zokuzilungisa nophuhliso ezenziwa ziibhodi zobulali ezichaphazela ukhuseleko lwendlela ngqo. Ukuvumela indlu entsha kwisakhiwo esixakekileyo esingenandlela elungileyo okanye iindlela zebhayisekile kumema ungquzulwano. Iingingqi zokucinga ezingaphambili zidityaniswa nezitrato ezipheleleyo [ imigaqo efuna ucwangciso lwesitrato ukuhlalisa bonke abasebenzisi. Izicwangciso ezibanzi zokukhokela, zinciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwiinqwelo-mafutha, kwaye zikhuthaza ukhuseleko kwimimandla edityanisiweyo, ehambayo.

Iingxaki Ezijamelene Noorhulumente Basekuhlaleni Ekulondolozeni Iindlela Ezikhuselekileyo

Phezu kwayo nje indima yabo ebalulekileyo, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni basebenza phantsi kwemiqathango enzima.

Ukunqongophala Kwemali Nezinto Eziza Kuqala

Eyona ngxaki ingapheliyo yimali. Uqingqo-mali lwendlela yasekuhlaleni luxhomekeke kakhulu kwiirhafu zempahla, kwirhafu yentengiso, kwizabelo zemali, kunye neminikelo yorhulumente. Ezi ngxelo zemali zidla ngokucotha kuneemfuno zokuzigcina. Ingxelo yoManyano lweSizwe samaTntu ifumanise ukuba ama- 39% kuphela amagosa esixeko alinganisela ukuba iindlela zawo zilungele ukusetyenziswa njenge "enkuthalo" okanye "zilungileyo" iprojekthi ezininzi zokulungisa ilahleko ziyanda, nto leyo ekhokelela ekophuleni ngokukhawuleza. Inkqubela yokhuseleko njengokongeza imizila okanye imiqondiso ibiza imali eninzi; imari eninzi idla ngokuya kulungiswa ngexesha likaxakeka kwemali kusenzeko lokhuseleko.

Ukunyuka Kwendlela Nezikhundla

Ukwanda kwabemi, ukudlokova kwedolophu, kunye nokuhambisa izithuthi eziphezulu kubeka iimfuno ezingathethekiyo kwiindlela zasekuhlaleni. Ngeli xesha, izithuthi ezininzi zithetha ungquzulwano oluninzi, ukulibaziseka okude, nokuchanabeka okuphezulu. Izitrato zobulali zazisoloko zenzelwe ukulungiselela imiqulu esezantsi. Ziyifanelekela iinqwelo-mafutha zanamhlanje. Ngelixesha zigcina ukhuseleko lwanamhlanje lukhula, ukunyuswa, nokubekwa kwemiqathango kwesantya. Ngelixesha, ulawulo lwesantya luyaqina ngenxa yokuba ukuxinga kwemibhobho eyingozi kukhuthaza ukuziphatha okuyingozi njengokuqhuba izibane ezibomvu okanye ukubaleka kweendlela ezisecaleni.

Imozulu Nemozulu Itshintsha

Imozulu egqithisileyo-----imvula enzima, imijikelo eqinileyo, imijikelo ye-oyile-yokutshona kwemijelo eqinileyo, kunye nezikhukula-manzi ethambekileyo kunye nenkqubo zomonakalo. Oorhulumente bongingqi basemntla wemozulu bajongene nogcino-ntle ebusika (ngoku, ukususwa kwetyuwa) obusebenzisa uqingqo-mali kunye nokwenza izinto ezixhalabisa imekobume. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kudala iziganeko eziyimfuneko. Iindlela zemozulu zembali zinokungaphumelela phantsi kobungozi, zidala iimeko eziyingozi ezifana nokuhlamba, amabala omkhenkce, okanye ukuma kwamanzi.

Ukungakhathalelwa Kubantu Nokuthanda Kwezobupolitika

Abahlali abaninzi abaluqondi uqhagamshelwano phakathi kwezibonelelo kunye nengozi. Xa ungquzulwano lusenzeka, ityala lidla ngokubekwa kumqhubi kunokuba libekwe kwindlela eyingozi. Oku kusenokunciphisa inkxaso kawonke-wonke kwimisebenzi yokhuseleko efuna unciphiso lwendlela, imida esezantsi yesantya, okanye ukupholisa izithuthi zenqwelo-moya eziphazamisa abaqhubi abathile. Abapolitiko bengi bengingqi, befuna ukhuthuzo, bangabeka imilinganiselo ebonakalayo (intsika, imigca esecaleni) esezantsi yokhuseleko olufana nemidathanga ekhuselweyo yemingxube-thu yenqwelo-mafutha okanye imizila yebhayisekile ekhuselekileyo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwenqanawa kunye nobuchule

Oomasipala abancinane badla ngokungabinazo iinjineli ezizinikeleyo okanye iingcali zokhuseleko. Abalawuli bemisebenzi yoluntu bangaba ngabalawuli bomkhosi abayalelwe ngapha nangapha kwamanzi, amajelo amdaka, iipakethi, kunye neendlela. Ngaphandle kokufikelela kuhlalutyo logcino-lwazi olungqukuva, bayazama ukufumanisa iindawo eziphezulu ze-risk okanye bathethelele inkxaso yemali. Uqeqesho kunye nobuchule obuvela kumaqumrhu okanye kwimibutho efana ne- Institute of Transportinerers [ iluncedo, kodwa imiqobo ihlala ingumqobo obalulekileyo.

Iinjongo Zokuphucula: Indlela Oorhulumente Basekuhlaleni Abanokukomeleza Ngayo Ukhuseleko Lwendlela

Ekubeni beqonda ukuba zininzi iinzame, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baye basebenzisa iindlela ezintsha zokuphucula ukhuseleko nangona bengenamali ingako.

Ukukhutshwa kohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali nokhuthuzo

Ukubeka ukhuseleko phambili kuqingqo-mali lwaminyaka le kubalulekile. OoMasipala bangayila imali yokhuseleko lwendlela enikezelweyo, babeke bucala ipesenti yemali yezothutho zokhuseleko, okanye basebenzise amanyathelo okudibanisa imisebenzi emikhulu. Kufuneka balandele yonke inkxaso yemali ekhoyo karhulumente, enjenge HSIP (Inkqubo yoKhuseleko olusemgangathweni) inkxaso, kunye neenkqubo zokhuseleko zikarhulumente zokhuseleko lwezixhaso.

Ukwenza izigqibo zogcino-lwazi

Abaphathi bokhuseleko bale mihla baxhomekeke kugcino-lwazi. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni kufuneka baqokelele baze bahlolisise ugcino-lwazi lwengozi, amanani eenqwelo-moya, kunye neengxelo ezikufuphi ne-mis. Ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana ne FHA] Iindawo Zokulungisa ezikhawulezayo [ kunceda ekukhetheni imilinganiselo engqiniweyo eqinisekisiweyo yokunciphisa iingozi. Ukuyila iindlela zomjelo-ndlela (umz., ukutya, i-chachaneps, isantya) ezisebenza ngokucothayo zisebenza kakhulu kunokuxhomekeka kumthetho. Ugcino-lwazi luvumela ukusetyenziswa kwangaphambili kweminxeba ephezulu epasembini kunye novavanyo lweziko.

Ukubandakanya nokuthabatha inxaxheba ekulungiseleleni

Ukuxhasa uluntu ngokubanzi kwakha ukuthembana nokubalaseliswa kolwazi lwasekuhlaleni. Iikomiti zokufundisa, ii-Picodels, kunye nokunika ingxelo ngengozi kwi-intanethi zinika abemi amandla okunikela ngezixhobo zokunikela. Ezinye izixeko zine "iintlanganiso zocwangciso" kwimiboniso emikhulu yezitrato. Xa abantu beziva bengabo, baba ngabameli bokhuseleko kwaye banyamezela iingxaki zokwexeshana xa besakhiwa.

Ukusetyenziswa Konyango Lwezibonelelo

Kukho ubungqina obunamandla bemiqathango emininzi yothintelo enokuthi isetyenziswe koorhulumente basekuhlaleni:

  • Ukuhlisa ukungqubana okubulalayo nokwenzakalayo kumalunga no 78% kunye nesantya esiphantsi ekunqamlezaneni kwemida (IIndawo yokhuseleko lwamanzi).
  • Ukutya okuninzi: Ukuguqula izitrato ezine-laneendlela ezintathu ezijikelwe kwindlela ephakathi, kucutha ukhawuleziso nokunika isithuba kwindlela yebhayisekile okanye yendlela. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuvelisa 19-47% unciphiso longqubano.
  • Icala elikhuselekileyo lebhayisekile kunye neziqithi zokuzikhusela ezihamba ngeenyawo: abasebenzisi bendlela abangakhuselekanga kwizithuthi zemoto, ukukhusela imfazwe.
  • [[UMTL:0] Imbombo-ngqukuva yezibane ezibonisa ukukhanya okukhawulezileyo (RRFBS) kunye nexesha elikhokelayo labahamba ngenyawo: Ukwandisa umqhubi opholileyo kwimijikelo enqamlezayo kwaye unika abahamba ngenyawo intloko ukuqala.

Uqeqesho Lothe rhoqo Nophuhliso Lobugcisa

Amagosa asekuhlaleni kunye nabasebenzi kufuneka baqhubeke befundiswa ngemisebenzi emihle. Abasebenzi abafana neNational Highway Institute, iZiko lezeNtetho, kunye nee-Metropolitan Plannications zinika iinkampani zoshishino. Ukuqeshwa komnqamlezo phakathi kwemisebenzi kawonke-wonke, ucwangciso, kunye nokugcinwa komthetho kukhuthaza ukhuseleko lobugxwayiba.

Ubuxhakaxhaka bobugcisa obugudisayo

Ulawulo olukrelekrele lolawulo lwendlela, ulawulo lophawu olulungelelanisayo, iimpawu zesantya zokwenene, kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwezithuthi (umz., iikhamera ezibomvu ezikhanyayo, iikhamera zesantya) zingandisa iindlela eziqhelekileyo. Ngelixesha ukunyanzeliswa koomatshini kuthandabuzelwa, imikhosi elawulayo ekwinkqubo efunekayo ibona ukuncitshiswa kokusebenza kokukhanya okubomvu nesantya esinxulumeneyo. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwe-software kunceda ekucwangciseni kakuhle, kuthintela ukunqaba kokhuseleko.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala: Urhulumente Wasekuhlaleni Ophumelelayo Uthabatha Inyathelo Lokukhusela Iindlela

Imizekelo yehlabathi lokwenene ibonisa ukuba oorhulumente basekuhlaleni banokufumana inkqubela ephawulekayo yokhuseleko ngokhokelo oluzinzileyo notyalo-mali olucwangcisiweyo.

IsiCwangciso soKhuseleko lweNdlela ne Zero yokuBona

IsiXeko A sokuBona iZero . Sibophelelekile ukuphelisa iziphumo zezithuthi ezifayo. Esi sixeko senza uhlalutyo lwenethwekhi ephezulu, sachaza i 5% yezitrato ezibalwa ngengozi enkulu yama-60%. Basebenzisa utshintsho lokwenza izitrato: ukuxinanisa iindlela, ukongeza amanyathelo okujika okunikezelwa, ukwakha imijelo enqamlezayo, kunye nokwehlisa isantya esiphezulu ukuya kutsho kwi 25 mph kwizitrato ezihlala abantu. Ngaphezu kweminyaka emithathu, iziphumo zomjajajaja wemoto zahla ngama-30% kwaye iingozi ezinzulu ngo-2%. Isixeko sadala ibhodi kawonke yabantu abahamba ngomkhondo ocacileyo.

Iphondo B: Ukuxelelwa nokusabela ngokukhawuleza

Iphondo B lakhupha ikhompyutha ehambayo eyenza abemi bakwazi ukuxela iingozi ezifana nemiqondiso eyaphukileyo, ukungcola, okanye uphawu olufipheleyo. Imisebenzi kawonke-wonke yaphendula kwiiyure ezingama-48 kwiinkupho ezinzima. Le nkqubo yandisa ukuganana kwabemi yaza yakha ukuthembana. Ugcino-lwazi lokungaphumeleli lubonise ukuncitshiswa kwesantya sesantya sesantya esingangeni manzi kwiindawo apho ugcino lwazo lwalukhawulezileyo. Olu cwangciso lubiza imali encinane, ixhomekeke kubasebenzi abakhoyo nakwingeniso yamavolontiya.

ITown C: Ubugcisa-bokuhamba Ngobugcisa

Idolophana C yajongene nendlela eyingozi ehamba ngeminye imigca eqingqiweyo ehamba nabantu abaninzi abahambayo. Bafaka uthungelwano lwemiqondiso yesantya sesantya, imiqondiso yenqwelo-moya edityanisiweyo yokufumana izithuthi kunye nexesha lokulungisa isantya esithe yasihlisa isantya ngexesha lesikolo. Emva konyaka, isantya esithe vekitha nge-7 mph, kunye nesantya somntu ohamba ngenzeke. Ubugcisa bazihlawula ngokwaso ngexabiso lokuthintelwa kwengozi kunye nokuncitshiswa kwexabiso lamapolisa.

Isiphelo: Indima Engenakuthelekiswa Nanto Yokhokelo Lwasekuhlaleni

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni abangobaphathi babaphathi beendlela; bangabalondolozi bokhuseleko loluntu. //ukulungisa isithintelo esiphosakeleyo sokhuseleko loluntu./_nokuba baza kulungisa isithintelo sokhuseleko, ukuseka uphawu lwendlela, okanye ukuqinisekisa ukudibana okuyingozi kwendlela yokuhamba/ukumisa isango eliyingozi //ukulungisa ngokuthe ngqo umonakalo kunye nokufa kwabantu ezitratweni zasekuhlaleni. Nangona kukho iimali ezinkulu nezithintelo, ubungqina bubonisa ukuba kukho iindlela ezisebenzayo: ucwangciso-data, ucwangciso lwengingqi, unyango lweziko lwesiseko, kunye nolwamdlalo-nkqubo. Njengoko amanani oluntu ekhula yaye etshintsha, uxinzelelo lwendlela zohambo lwasekuhlaleni luya kwanda kuphela. Kubalulekile ukuba iinkokeli zasekuhlaleni zilubeke ukhuseleko ngokwendlela, uqeqesho, inkqubo yempatho. Xa zisenza iziphumo aziko ezikhuselekileyo kodwa, zikhuselekile, ziluncedo ngakumbi, zihambelana abantu bonke abantu.