Table of Contents
Indima Ephambili Yokhokelo LukaRhulumente Kurhwebo Oluneziphithiphithi
Amaziko amancinane naphakathi amela injini esebenzayo yezoqoqosho lwezorhwebo. Aqesha abasebenzi basekuhlaleni, imimandla ye-ankile ekwizitara ezi-Main Street, kwaye anike amatyathanga okudibanisa imimandla kwiimarike zomhlaba. Kodwa i-SMEs isebenza ngemida emincinane, ingenandlela ingakumbi yokufikelela kwikomkhulu, kwaye inkathalo ephezulu kwiinguqu kwindlela yokuthenga kuneenkampani zabo. Xa kuvela ukumothusa kwezoqoqosho, la mashishini ajongene nesisongelo esikhawulezileyo sokusinda. Ibamba igunya lemali, ulawulo lolawulo lolawulo, kunye namandla okuqulungela uluntu kunye nabaxhasi bemibutho, bayakwazi ukuhambisa izibonelelo kunye nemigaqo egcina iSME ngexesha lokuwohloka kwezoqoqosho kunye nesikhundla sokukhula.
Ukutshintsha kwezoqoqosho kwesiqingatha sedekana edlulileyo kuvavanye lo mlinganiselo ofana nowangaphambili. Ukusuka kukuphazamiseka okugqithiseleyo ukunikezela ngeminxeba yebhotile kunye nonyuko olunyukayo, abalawuli belizwe baye banyanzeleka ukuba bahambe ngaphaya kwemodeli yenkcubeko yezoqoqosho. Obona balawuli baphumelelayo baye bakha inkxaso ebanzi epheleleyo ekufuneka ithethele ulwelo olukhawulezileyo loxa beqhuba uphuhliso lwesakhiwo lwexesha elide kumandla abo basebenzi, izibonelelo, kunye nokungena emakente.
Ukungaguquguquki Kwezoqoqosho Kwezihlunu Netyala Lokungenelela Okusebenzayo
Ukuqonda isizathu sokuba iSMEs zifune inkxaso ekhethekileyo evela kumphathi-mikhosi ophezulu iqala ngokuvuma ukubola kwazo. Ngokutsho kwe- SSBA Oofisi ye-Advocacy, amashishini amancinane asebenzisa phantse isiqingatha sabo bonke abasebenzi beqela labucala kodwa ngokufuthi asebenza ngeeveki ezimbalwa kuphela zokugcinwa kwemali. Xa ukuphazanyiswa kwemali kuthengwa, iindleko ezizinzileyo ezifana nerente, ukuhliswa komqulu, kunye nobalo lokunganqumami. Ingeniso, noko ke, inokunyamalala ngokukhawuleza ukuba abathengi bayachitha imali eqinileyo okanye ukuba umgca wokunikezela.
Ibamba linesikhundla esikhethekileyo sokusabela kuba oorhulumente balawula imekobume elawulwa ngumthetho kunye nemeko-ntle apho la mashishini esebenza khona. Urhulumente angalungisa uludwe lwemirhumo yerhafu, ukucombulula iinguqu, okanye ukumisa inkqubo yokubolekisa ngeeveki nakwiinyanga. Le ntshukumo yinto esoloko ingekho kwinkqubo karhulumente. IGarhente yeSizwe igxininise ukuba ubuchule bokuphucula uqoqosho lwemo yemali busebenza kakhulu xa zidibanisa ukwenziwa kwemali ekhawulezileyo ngokukhangela phambili utyalo kwimisebenzi kunye nobugcisa.
Ukuxinana kuyinto yokuqala ukuziva udodobala kwezoqoqosho kwaye yokugqibela ukubuyela ngaphandle kwenkxaso ejoliswe ekukhokelelweni ngurhulumente.
Izixhobo Zezoqoqosho ZeRhuluneli: Igunya, Amandla Alungeleleneyo Nombono Ofanelekileyo
Igunya elinamandla okuxhasa iSMEs lixhomekeke kwiintlobo ezintathu zegunya. Ibamba ngalinye linendima kwimpendulo yongxamiseko nakwinkqubela-phambili yexesha elide.
IGosa loLawulo loHlahlo-mali neNkcitho
Irhuluneli zicebisa zize zinike uqingqo-mali lwezorhulumente olunikezela ngemali eqeshwe kumawaka ezigidi zemali emali echongiweyo. Zingayalela imali kwiinkqubo zoncedo oluncinane loshishino, zisebenzisa inkxaso-mali ehlawulelweyo, okanye zimisele iinkqubo zemali yerhafu ezikhuthaza utyalo-mali lwabucala kwiimarike ezigciniweyo. ISBCI) yeS State Small Initivetive, elawula ikomkhulu lephondo ngeenkqubo zikarhulumente, ingumzekelo ophambili wendlela abalawuli abagunya-mali abasebenzisa ngayo ukuhlawula imali ebolekisiweyo ukuze bandise ukufikelela kwikomkhulu lemali nokuboleka iibhanki ezidla ngokungahoywa.
Imiyalelo elawulayo kunye nemithetho yokulawula
Ngexesha lotshintsho olukhawulezileyo lwezoqoqosho, isantya singaphezulu kunento egqibeleleyo yoyilo lwenkqubo. IGavereji inganika imiyalelo yegunya ekuhlawuleni iindleko zokuhlawula iintlawulo, ukunqumamisa izigwebo zolawulo zohlaziyo emva kwexesha, okanye ukulungisa iimfuno zoncedo lokungaqeshwa kwabaqeshi abancinane. Ezi zenzo zinika uncedo olukhawulezileyo kwaye zinciphisa umthwalo wolawulo kubanini bezoshishino abazama ukuqinisa imisebenzi yabo.
Amandla Aqhubela Phambili Olawulo Lwesizwe
Ngaphaya kwegunya elisesikweni, abalawuli bayalela ingqalelo. Bangahlanganisa izigqubuthelo neebhanki zoluntu, abaphandi baseyunivesithi, kunye neenkokeli zoshishino ukuze baphawule iintamo zebhotile kunye nezisombululo. Oku kukwazi ukudibanisa ababambi beemasti ezahlukeneyo phantsi kwecebo lezoqoqosho elahlulwayo sesinye sezixhobo ezinamandla ezikhoyo kumphathi-mandla. Kunyusa ukuthemba kwaye kunciphisa ukhuthuko oluthisel'intsini kawonke-wonke.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yobomi bezemali: Ikomkhulu Elingqalileyo, Iminikelo yezeqhinga, kunye nerhafu
Xa iSMEs zijongene nengxaki enzima, ukufikelela kwikomkhulu kuba yeyona nto ichaza ukuhlukahlukana phakathi kokusinda nokuvalwa. IiRhuluneli ziye zavelisa iindlela ezintsha zokuqinisekisa ukuba amashishini amancinane anokufumana imali ayifunayo.
Imali ebhadliwe yeloan kunye neenkqubo zokutyala
Amazwe asebenzisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokubolekisa ngokuthe ngqo nokunyusa ityala ezilungiselelwe ukugcwalisa izithuba ezishiywe ziibhanki zorhwebo. Zilawulwa ngamaqumrhu ophuhliso lwezoqoqosho okanye ngamagunya emali karhulumente, ezi nkqubo zinika iibhiliyoni zenzala engaphantsi kwentengiso, amaqondo amade okuhlawula, kunye neemfuno zokwandiswa kwemali ezilungele amashishini amancinane. Isebe le-SSBCI elisebenzisa inyathelo eliphambili lephondo lezentengiso okanye i-oklitiki yemali kawonke, ezi nkqubo zinika amawaka ezigidi ukuba zichaze ngokukhethekileyo ngenxa yale njongo, zixhasa yonke into evela kumantolayiseli ekuthengeni amashishini asemaphandleni ukuze baqhube intloko uphuhliso-templa-te . Irulagumente zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kule nkqubo yokuyila iiprojekthi ezi ndawo zikhoyo kwimo-ko enkulu.
Iingcebiso ezijoliswe ekujolisweni kwamaQela aHlanganisiweyo
Asingawo onke amashishini afuna amatyala. Kubo bonke ababandezeleke kakhulu okanye abo basebenza kwiicandelo ezincinane njengobundwendwe, abakhenkethi, okanye izixa-mali, banika inkxaso ecacileyo ngaphandle kokongezelela umthwalo wemali. Irhuluneli ziye zasebenzisa zombini izimali zorhulumente kunye nemali yokuphuculwa kwemali karhulumente ukudala iinkqubo ezidibeneyo. Ezi zibonelelo zigubungele iindleko ezisuka kwinkqubela yokwakha kunye nokuphumelela kwamandla okukhokelela ekuqeqesheni umsebenzi kunye nokusebenza kwale mihla.
Izixhobisa Irhafu Njengesixhobo Sokuzinzisa
Inkqubo yerhafu yindlela engqalileyo yokuphembelela ukuphuma kwemali. Ukubhekisa kwimirhumo yerhafu ehlawulwa yinkampani, ukuhlahlela izigwebo zemali ehlawulwayo, nokunyusa imijikelo ehlayo yomva, kunye nokubuyisela imijikelo yoncedo oluphambili ngexesha longxamiseko lwezoqoqosho ibuyisela imali ezandleni zabanini-shishini. Iinkqubo zexesha elide ziquka ukuthengwa kwerhafu kubaqeshi abaqeshi, ukutyala kwizixhobo, okanye ukwenza uphando nophuhliso.
Ukwenza Imeko Elungele Ukulawulwa Kweshishini Elincinane
Ukubuyiselwa kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke, iimarike ezifanelekileyo, kunye nokukhuselwa kwemekobume. Kodwa xa kuphazamiseka ngokwezoqoqosho, izakhiwo eziphelelwe lixesha okanye ezintsonkothileyo ezinokuwaxinisa amashishini amancinane. Irhuluneli ziyakwazi ukuqukuqela ngaphandle kwemilinganiselo yokubingelela.
Unikezelo lwelicens kunye nokuvunywa kwemvume ejikelezayo
Iimfuno zokusebenza ngokusemthethweni zohluka-hlukeneyo ngokwemeko nganye. Ukusetyenziswa kwee-SMEs ezisebenza ngaphaya kwemigca yesizwe okanye ezi nkonzo zisebenzisa abasebenzi abakude abavela kwezinye iindawo, ezi ngxaki zidala imithwalo yokuthobela. Iijaji ezisukela ukuqwalaselwa kwelayisensi jikelele zenza kube lula ngamashishini ukufumana italente nokwandisa isiseko sazo. Ngokufanayo, ukudibanisa iinkqubo zokuvumela ukwakhiwa, ukuthengisa, okanye inkonzo yokutya kunciphisa ixesha kunye nexabiso elifunekayo ekuvuleni okanye ekwandiseni ishishini.
Ukusingatha Iindleko Zeinshorensi Zokungabikho Kwemisebenzi
Ukususwa okungalindelekanga ngexesha lokuwohloka kwezoqoqosho kungabangela unyuko kwixabiso lerhafu ye-inshorensi yokungaqeshwa kwabaqeshwa abancinane. Oku kunyuka kufikela kanye ngexesha elingafanelekanga, ukukhupha imali enokusetyenziswa ukugcina abasebenzi okanye imisebenzi ejikelezayo. IGaveneli zingasebenza namasebe omsebenzi karhulumente ukulungiselela ukulungiselela ukusasaza irhafu eUI kumaxesha amade okanye ukukhulula abaqeshi abancinane ekulungiseni umgangatho womgangatho womgangatho womgangatho woqoqosho ngexesha elichaziweyo. Le ndlela inciphisa iindleko kwaye inciphisa ukurhoxiswa kwemali.
Uncedo lokuqokelela kunye noovimba abamisayo
Abanini-mashishini abancinane banqabile ukunikezela amaqela asemthethweni okanye athobelayo. Xa imithetho itshintsha ngokukhawuleza, bayazama ukuhambisana. Abalawuli abaninzi baye bamisela ii-ofisi ezincinci zoncedo lwezoshishino okanye ii-intanethi ezidibanisa ulwazi olulawulayo, ezinika uludwe lokuthobela, kwaye zinika ukufikelela ngqo kubasebenzi bobugcisa. Ezi nkonzo zinciphisa ubungozi bokungagqibeleli nokuvumela abaninizo ukuba banikele ingqalelo kwimisebenzi kunokuba banikele izicelo.
Ukwakha ubuyelo lwexesha elide ngemingeni yemali ecwangcisiweyo
Abalawuli abaphumele phambili badlula ngaphaya kolawulo lwemeko enzima. Basebenzisa amaxesha okutshintsha kwezoqoqosho ukutyhala ngenkqubela-phambili yophuhliso lwesakhiwo eqinisa ukhuphiswano lweSME yabo yephondo ngethuba elide. Brookings Institution’s Metropolitan Policy Program inike ingxelo yendlela ungeniso olukwiqondo lombuso kwiprojekthi, inkqubela yomsebenzi, kunye nesiseko soncedo esidala iimeko zokukhula okuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo kwimijikelezo yeshishini.
Uphuhliso lonyanzelo lomsebenzi kunye nenjongo esebenzayo
Ukufikelela kwabasebenzi abanobuchule kukungaguquguquki kocelomngeni oluphezulu olucatshulwe ngabanini bamashishini abancinane. IGavel uthetha oku ngeenkqubo zoqeqesho, amaqabane phakathi kweekholeji zoluntu kunye namashishini, kunye nentshukumisa zokufumana uqeqesho lwejob. Xa irhuluneli ihlela izimali zokuqeqesha umsebenzi kunye neemfuno ezithile zeSMEs, imbuyekezo yotyalo-mali intlu-mbini: amashishini afumana italente afuna ukukhula, kunye nabasebenzi bafumana iindlela zomsebenzi eziphezulu.
Uqeqesho lwamanani kunye nolwamkelo lobuxhakaxhaka
I-Intanethi ye-bandic iye yaba yimfuneko kwimisebenzi emincinci yezoshishino njengombane okanye ukufikelela kweendlela. Kodwa iindawo ezininzi zasemaphandleni nangaphantsi kwe-dolophana azinakuthenjwa, zinesantya esiphezulu sokunxibelelana. Iinkokeli ezimisela ulwando olubanzi oluvela kushishino lukawonke-wonke kunye namaqabane kawonke-wonke zinceda iSME kule mimandla ukuba ithathe inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kuqoqosho lwamanani. Ukuqokelela izibonelelo kunye neenkqubo zobugcisa zokwamkela iprojekthi ezinceda amashishini amancinane aphumeze i-commerce, intembek-la-la-lamsss, kunye norhwebo lwamanani.
Ukunikezela ngeNkatho yoLuntu kunye nokuKhuthazwa koMsebenzi woMsebenzi woMsebenzi weNkqubo
Le ngxaki ibhenca ukuchana kwemixokelelwano enikezelweyo yomhlaba wonke. Ukuphendula, iirhuluneli ezininzi zasungula amanyathelo okuqinisa ugcino lwetsheyina lokubonelela ngokudibanisa abathengi abaninzi benkampani kunye nabanikazi abancinane abaphambili. Ezi nkqubo zinciphisa amaxesha okukhokela, zinciphisa iindleko zezithuthi, kwaye zigcine ixabiso elingaphezulu lezoqoqosho kwilizwe. Kwangaxesha linye, iiofisi zorhwebo zinika uncedo oluthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe olunceda abathengi ukuba bandise isiseko sabo ngaphaya kwemisikaliso yasekhaya, ukunyusa ingeniso eninzi kunye nokunciphisa ukunqongophala kwezoqoqosho zasekuhlaleni.
Isiphumo Sehlabathi lokwenene: Ufundo lwetyala kwinkxaso yegubernator
Imizekelo esebenzisekayo ibonisa indlela izixhobo ezisetyenziswa ngurhulumente zokukhokela ezivelisa ngayo imiphumo kumashishini amancinane.
Uhlolisiso lwemeko 1: Ukuxhasa ubunyani ngenethwekhi yeMEP
Ngexesha lokunqongophala kwemizi-mveliso kamatshini ka-2021 kunye no-2022, abenzi bezamayeza abancinane nabaphakathi kwemibutho yokuxhobisa ngenqwelo-moya bajongene neengxaki ezinkulu. Elinye iphondo loshishino oluphakathi kweNtshona ntshona lwathumela iManufactived internative ship (MEP) inethwekhi yokuncedisa ezi SMEs zibone amanye amathuba emveliso kwi-aerospace, izixhobo zonyango, kunye nokuzikhusela. Irhuluneli yayalela urhulumente owongezelelekileyo kwimali kwimbindi ye-MEP, ivumela ukuba yandise iqela layo leenjineli zentsimi. Ezi injineli zasebenza ngqo kwiinkampani ezithile kwimigca yemveliso ye-tool kunye nee-clinder ezintsha. Ngeenyanga ezili-18, ngaphezulu kwemashumi amathandathu amathandathu abathengi abancinane abathengisa ingeniso ngokunelisa iziseko zabo, umgangatho omninzi wemali ongaphezulu ongaphezulu kweyokusebenza phambili.
Isifundo setyala 2: Ukuvuselela iNtloko yeNtloko yeNkcubeko neNkxaso
Kwiphondo lasemntla-mpuma nephondo lorhwebo elinembali yengingqi yezorhwebo, irhuluneli yasungula inkqubo yeMain Street Revitation Grant esebenzisa uhlomelo lwesizwe kunye nemali yokubuyisela yorhulumente. Inkqubo yanikela iimali ezifanayo ezifikelela kuma-60 amawaka eedola kumashishini amancinane ukuze kwakhiwe inkqubela phambili, ukuphumelela kwamandla okuphuculwa, kunye nokuguqulelwa kolwazi. Ngaphandle kwenkqubela-phambili, inkqubo efuna ukuba abasebenzi bathathe inxaxheba kulawulo lobuchule olusisigxina nezorhwebo, kunye nokuhlelwa kwemiqatha yemali. Udityaniselo lwemali kunye nemfundo yeshishini yaphumela ekunyukeni kwezithuthi ezihamba ngeenyawo, amaxabiso empahla, kunye nokuphumelela kokuzihambela phambili kwengeniso, kunye nokuphumelela kogcino-mali koshishinolwazi olufanayo kumazwe abamelwane abahlala kumazwe asekuhlaleni ngaphandle kweenkqubo asekuhlaleni.
Isifundo sesi-3: Ukwandisa Ukufikelela Kurhwebo Lwasemaphandleni Ngemali Ebanzi
Irhuluneli kwilizwe elisemaphandleni elisentshona yenza i-madolophu abanzi ekwindawo ebanzi ephambili yenkqubela yabo yezoqoqosho. Kunokuba igxininise kuphela ekufikeleleni kwemibutho yezoshishino, iofisi ebanzi yephondo ejongene ngokukhethekileyo neendawo zoshishino, iipaki zemizi - mveliso, kunye namaziko okulungisa izityalo. Inyathelo elidibanisa amakhulu eSMEs ngaphambili engathunyelwanga kwi-intanethi ephezulu, eliwenza afumaneke kwimiqathango yelifashoni yeli, elifake inxaxheba kwiqonga lesizwe le-eterceces, nokufikelela kwi-teleheth kunye neenkonzo zobugcisa ezikude. Inkqubo yamanani equka ukuqeqesha amanani nokufundisa ukubhalwa kwabaphathi abancinane. Kwiminyaka emithathu, isantya sokwenziwa koshishino olutsha kwiindawo ezinxulumene ne-avareji ye-reji ye-reji ye-omforeji ye-om, i-overal ebonakalisa uqhagamshelwano phakathi kwemisebenzi ye-minyaka ne-enjini ye-Extensteatting.
Indima Etshintshayo Yokhokelo Lwezoburhulumente Ekuvuselelweni Kwezoqoqosho
Iimbopheleleko zerhuluneli zikarhulumente ekuxhaseni i-SMEs zandisiwe ngokusisigxina. I-CML yezoqoqosho yeminyaka emininzi edluleyo iye yacacisa ukuba amashishini amancinane akanakushiywa nje kuphela kwimikhosi yezorhwebo ngexesha lorhoxo lwamaxesha kwaye kulindeleke ukuba afumaneke ngaphandle kongenelelo olusebenzayo, olukrelekrele. IGavera-mikhosi iye yaba ngabenzi bokuqala besixokelelwano senkxaso yeqonga loshishino, idibanisa ukhuphiso olufutshane lwexesha elide lokhuphiswano lwexesha elide.
Abalawuli abaphumelele kule ndima baneempawu ezininzi. Bagcina ulwalamano olusondeleyo namaqela abo aphuhlisa uqoqosho kunye namaziko emali asebenza kumashishini amancinane. Bayayiqonda indlela enziwe ngayo izoqoqosho lwawo kwaye bayawaxhasa ngokufanelekileyo. Yaye bajonga i-SME njengemali engaxhaswayo kodwa njengemali ecwangcisiweyo ekuzifumaneni kwemali nokuzimela kwemali kwelizwe.
Iinkqubo zomanyano ziza kusoloko zidlala indima ekuphazamisekeni kwezoqoqosho okukhulu, kodwa ulwazi olunamandla nolwasekuhlaleni lukarhulumente akakwazi ukuthathelwa indawo. Obona balawuli basebenzayo bathatha iinguqu zezoqoqosho njengethuba lokomeleza isiseko soluntu oluncinane lwezoshishino zikarhulumente. Bathatha inyathelo elipheleleyo, bajolise ingqalelo ekubulaweni, kwaye balinganisa impumelelo ngokusinda nokwanda kwamashishini aqeshiweyo.