Ukuqonda Umahluko Kurhulumente

Umgaqo ocacileyo kurhulumente ngumgaqo wokuba amagosa karhulumente, amasebe kunye namaziko kufuneka asebenze ekuhleni, ngesigqibo nangezenzo ezinokuhlolisiswa ngabemi. Kudlulela ngaphaya kokupapasha nje iingxelo; ukubonakala okuyinyaniso kuthetha ukwenza inkcazelo iqondwe, ifike ngexesha, kwaye isebenziseke. Xa iinkqubo zikarhulumente zibonakala, abemi bangahlola enoba imali karhulumente isetyenziswa ngobulumko kusini na, enoba imithetho inyanzelekile, nokuba ngaba abameli abanyuliweyo balungela ngokwenene uluntu. Urhulumente ocacileyo unciphisa amathuba okunganyaniseki, wakha ukuthembana kwabantu, kwaye womeleza isivumelwano soluntu phakathi kweli lizwe nabantu.

Kukho imilinganiso emininzi yokubona ngaphaya. I-PROFESAble iyenzeka xa oorhulumente bekhulula ugcino-lwazi, uqingqo-mali, kunye nemizuzu yentlanganiso ngokuzithandela bengakhange babuze. Ukukhanya okusebenzayo[[ kwenzeka xa abemi kufuneka bacele ulwazi oluneenkqubo ezifana nenkululeko yolwazi Act (FIA). Zombini zibalulekile. Amazwe akwindawo ephezulu ekukhanyeni kwemiboniso, njenge New Zealand, Denmark, kunye neFinland, athambeka ukuba nomgangatho osezantsi nolwaneliseko. Noko ke, kwiinkqubo ezininzi ezivulekileyo, abemi kufuneka basebenze ngokukhutheleyo ukugcina amagosa ephendula.

Isizathu Sokuba Ukuthabatha Inyathelo Lommi Kubaluleke

Oorhulumente banqabile ukuba babonakale ngokuzimela. Iinstitutional ineretia, i-bureaucrates, kunye nezilangazelelo zobupolitika zidla ngokudala imiqobo ekukhululekeni. Abami basoloko beyingqikele ngovavanyo olupheleleyo kumandla. Xa abantu kunye nabantu befuna ukubonakala, badala uxinzelelo olunokukhokelela kutshintsho lwenkqubo, ukufikelela okungcono kulwazi, kunye nokuziphendulela komntu ngamnye. Imbali ibonisa ukuba iinguqu ezinkulu zokubonakala [1] ukusuka kwi-U.S. FOIA ngo-1966 ukuya kulawulo lwehlabathi lonke lwe-Open Government Previalcanedship ishineaship eyaqaliswa ngo- 2011-2010/2010/interty yabemi baqhutyelwa ngumbutho oqhelekileyo kunye nemfuno wabemi.

Ngaphandle kokuganana kwabemi, imithetho yokubonisa inokuba ziileta ezifileyo. Iimeko zingalibazisela iimpendulo, zihlawulele iindleko eziphezulu, okanye zingcwabe inkcazelo ngeefomati ezifihlakeleyo. Abemi abakhutheleyo abawaziyo amalungelo abo, abaya kwiintlanganiso, abacela iifayile, nabafundisa abamelwane babo ngabo baqinisekisa ukuba ukubonakala kwangaphandle akuyonto nje elula. Ummi ngamnye unendima, enoba ngumzali, umcholathi wentatheli, umpheli womfundi, okanye umlungelelanisi woluntu.

Iindlela Ezisebenzisekayo Zokwenza Imbonakalo

Ezi zinto zilandelayo ngamanyathelo abonakalayo anokuthathwa ngummi ukukhuthaza ukuba urhulumente abonakale. Ezi azithethwa ukuba zisetyenziswa mihla le ngabameli behlabathi lonke.

Ukuxhasa Urhulumente Wasekuhlaleni

Izigqibo zikarhulumente wasekuhlaleni zichaphazela ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla: ukubeka izithuba, ukuxhasa isikolo, iinkqubo zamapolisa, ukulondoloza ipaki. Kodwa ibhunga lesixeko okanye iintlanganiso zesikolo zinazo izihlalo zikawonke-wonke. Ukuya kwezi ntlanganiso zenye yezenzo ezilula kodwa ezinamandla. Yiza ulungiselele ngemibuzo ngemiba elungiselelweyo, ukucela iikopi zemithetho yezocwangciso, uze ulandele emva kweentlanganiso. Oorhulumente abaninzi basekuhlaleni ngoku baqukuqela iintlanganiso kwi-intanethi, kodwa abakhoyo kwimibutho egadiweyo. Uyakwazi ukudibanisa okanye ukwakha iqela elijonge iimbambano ezithile ezifana nokunikwa kwemiqathango yemali okanye iinkqubo zoqingqomatshini. Iinjongo zokubonela. Ukunikela iingxelo ezisebenzayo, bona ubuncwane obuvela kuRhulumente [[FLD: 0]

Zisebenzise Ngenkululeko Izicelo Zolwazi

Inkululeko yoLwazi (FOIA Act) sisixhobo esinamandla kumgangatho worhulumente, kwaye uninzi lwamazwe anemithetho efanayo yerekhodi. Ukucela iFOIA akufuni igqwetha. Qala ngokuchonga isebe elibamba ulwazi olufunekayo (‘be ii-imeyili, izivumelwano, inkcazo yedata, okanye iingxelo zangaphakathi. Bhala isicelo esicacileyo, esingqalileyo. Amasebe amaninzi ngoku anee-intanethi yee-ports. Ziya zingxamise; ngamanye amaxesha amaziko ayakhanyela okanye alibazise, kodwa ungabhenela. I-MVUmba] inika izikhokelo zesisa, okanye iintelekelelo ze-omatshini. Abashicileli abaninzi basebenzisa i-FIA ukutyhila ukuziphatha okubi, kodwa abemi basebenzisa ukubhenca iingozi ezikhoyo, i-projective, kunye ne-projectivestingstingstingssstingstings, i-ethike: IK. Umzekelo othenjiweyo wesikolo solawulo lobugcisa solawulo lobugcisa lobugcisa lobugcisa lobugcisa lorhwebo lorhwebo lobugcisa lorhwebo

Ukuba Nenxaxheba Kwiintlanganiso Zasesidlangalaleni

Iintlanganiso zikawonke-wonke zisuka kwibhunga lesixeko ezivakalayo ukuya kwintlanganiso zebhodi yowiso-mthetho. Nokuba awukwazi ukuya ngokomntu, zishicilelwe kwaye zigcinwe. Zilinde rhoqo. Xa uzile, sayina ukuze uthethe ngexesha lokugqabaza. Lungiselela iintetho ezibhaliweyo ezicaphula ii-data ezithile okanye amaxwebhu. Buza ngezigqibo ezenziwe kwintlanganiso evaliweyo (iiiindawo ezininzi zifuna ingcaciso yokuba intlanganiso ivaliwe ibizwa njani). Ungacela ukuba iintlanganiso zihlale zihamba okanye zibekwe ngokukhawuleza. Kwezinye iindawo, abemi baye bafaka ingcebiso ngempumelelo “ngentlanganiso evulekileyo” imiyalelo efuna ukuphawulwa kwangaphambili nangemimiselo kawonke. Ukhokelo lwemithetho yepalamente ([FLD:0]

Ukuxhasa Izinyathelo Zogcino-lwazi Oluvulekileyo

Uvula ulwazi luthetha ukuba ulwazi lukarhulumente lupapashwa kwiifomati zomatshini, ngaphandle kwentlawulo, kungekho miqathango ekusetyenzisweni kwakhona. Oku kubandakanya intelekelelo yolwaphulo-mthetho, iirekhodi zempahla, uqingqo-mali, kunye neengxelo zemekobume. Xa idata ivulekile, iintatheli, abaphuhlisi bekhompyutha, kwaye abaphandi banokuyihlalutya ukuba igcine urhulumente wayo ityala. Inginginya ingaxhasa isixeko okanye irente ukuba ifumane inkqubo yogcino-data evulekileyo. Ungaqala ngokusayina izicelo zogcino-data, ngokubhala iileta kumphathi-madum, okanye ngokudibanisa imibutho efana noomatshini abakhoyo, i-FLT [[FLD: 0]. Izixhobo ezikhuthaza imigangatho evulekileyo yogcino-data. Ezinye izixeko zinokusebenzisa ubuchule obulula ukuyisebenzisa kumntu ngamnye, kunokuba zenziwe lula, ukusetyenziswa kwe-PSPG.

Umxhasi Wokhuseleko Lwamavuthuza

Abaqhubi bangaphakathi ababhenca ububi ("fraud), ulwaphulo-mthetho lokhuseleko, urhwaphilizo. Basoloko bejongene nempindezelo: ukudubula, ukudubula, ukumangalelana. Iikhomputha ezinamandla zokufunxa impempe eziyimfuneko ukuze kubonakale kuba zinciphisa iindleko zokuthetha. I-mibutho ingaxhasa imithetho ekhusela abaqhubi bempempe laa kwaye inike imivuzo okanye inkxaso esemthethweni. Ungabhalela indlu yowiso-mthetho wakho okanye u-U. S. Ingqungqungquthela exhasa ukuxhasa i Whistleer Projective Projective Ilightive Act kunye neminye imilinganiselo efana nayo. Kwakhona, ixhasa imithetho ekhusela ukufutha, njengoncedo olusemthethweni lweprojects[FLD [FLD] Gon] okanye inkxaso esemthethweni. [FLCProme: 1]

Ubuxhakaxhaka bobuxhaka kunye nezixhobo zamanani

Ubugcisa buye bawandisa ngokuphawulekayo amajelo okubonisa imbonakalo. Ukususela kwijelo leendaba ukusa kwiiqonga ezikhethekileyo, ngoku abemi banazo iindlela zokunyusa imigudu yabo engaphaya koko kwakunokwenzeka kwisizukulwana esidluleyo.

Ubandakanyeko lwamajelo eendaba

Izixhobo ze-Twitter, Facebook, kunye ne-interorors zivumela abemi ukuba babelane ngolwazi ngokukhawuleza. Ungaphila ulwelo lwentlanganiso zikawonke-wonke ukuze bafikelele abaphulaphuli abaninzi, amaxwebhu aposi abaza kuzama ukufihla, kunye neentatheli okanye amaqela ajongileyo. Izixhobo zezentlalo zikwanceda ukuqokelela ngokukhawuleza ```iprojekthi enye''' ingenza amawaka etyikitya i-oksiti yesicelo okanye ukhukulisela ilungu lebhunga ngemfolo. Noko ke, lumka ukuqinisekisa ulwazi ngaphambi kokwabelana; ukudishwa kwenkcazelo ephosakeleyo kulula ukufuna ukuthembeka: abameli abaninzi bezentengiselwano zikarhulumente apho unokubuza imibuzo esidlangalaleni, ubanyanze ukuba baphendule ngendlela ecacileyo.

Izibongozo Nephulo Elikunxibelelwano

Platforms ezifana noTshintsho.org kunye neKhodemofor-Amelika zivumela abemi ukuba baqalise baze bakhuthaze izibongozo zotshintsho olucace gca. Amaphulo aphumelelayo aphumele ekukhutshweni kwamabhunga esixeko akhupha iintlanganiso zangaphambili ezifihlakeleyo, iibhodi zesikolo ezifaka iinkcukacha zoqingqo-mali kwi-intanethi, kunye nemithetho yezomthetho efuna iingxelo zovoteko ngekhompyutha. Izicelo ze-intanethi kunye noxinzelelo lwe-intanethi kunye noxinzelelo olungekho intanethi: ukuqokelela utyikityo lwemakethengi kumafama, okanye iintlanganiso zecawanes. Iphulo le nkonzo yecawa-oyile kufuneka iquke ubungqina obucacileyo, kunye nobeko lwexesha elifanelekileyo. Emva kokuhlanganisa izicelo, zinike amagosa kwintlanganiso yentlanganiso yoluntu ukuze abonise iziphumo. [[FLT.0]

Iinkqubo ezicace gca kunye nezicaka

Iinkqubo ezininzi zenza kube lula ukulandelela izenzo zikarhulumente. “Izimo ezivulekileyo” zikuvumela ulandele umthetho karhulumente kwaye ubone indlela abameli bakho abavota ngayo.“ Bona uClickFix” ukuvumela ukuba uxele iingxaki ezingangeniyo ezifana ne-potgrots okanye izibane ezaphukileyo, nezinempendulo zikarhulumente kawonke-wonke. Urhulumente karhulumente “Onke uyakwazi ukunikezela.gov” ubonakalisa apho urhulumente aya khona. Funda ukusebenzisa ezi zixhobo, uze ufundise abanye. Ungacela kwakhona ukuba urhulumente wakho amkele amaqonga afanayo.

Ukwakha Isithethe Sokubonisa Imbonakalo

Izenzo zomntu ngamnye zinamandla, kodwa utshintsho oluhlala luhleli lufuna utshintsho kwizithethe kunye nolindelo. Ukudala indlela yokubonisa ukukhanya kuthetha ukwenza okungagqibekiyo, kungekhona okungaqhelekanga. Oku kufuna imfundo, intsebenziswano kunye nomgudu ozinzileyo.

Ukufundisa Abanye

Abantu abaninzi abawazi amalungelo abo okanye indlela urhulumente asebenza ngayo. Lungisa ubuchule bokusebenzela isixeko, uvavanyo lwemifanekiso-bhanyabhanya (umz., irekhodi ethi “ISikhala-sandi samaMvana” asisebenzi kodwa “Imfazwe kuWottlefish") iyimfuneko, okanye amaqela eengxoxo kumathala eencwadi, amaziko oluntu, okanye izindlu zonqulo. Ukugxila kubuchule obusebenzisekayo: indlela yokufumana uqingqo-mali lwesixeko, indlela yokufaka isicelo seFOIA, indlela yokuchaza inkxwaleko. Ungamema iintatheli, abasebenzi borhulumente abaphelelwe lithuba, okanye abaxhasi bokuvela phandle ukuba bathethe. Ukwenza izikhokelo ezilula ngephepha-lwimi ezininzi. Izikolo neeyunivesithi zikwasebenza kunye nezikolo eziluncedo: iinkqubo zoomatshini zokuhlola ii-win.

Ukunxibelelana neMibutho Yoluntu

Akukho mmi umnye ongakwenza konke oku. Imibutho yabemi (CSOS) njenge i-Tractive International, i-[FLT]], i-CITynizen yetyala ne-Ethics eWashington (CRLT)[[FLT]], kwaye amaqela akwicandelo elikwicandelo elilungileyo le-Romatiliti, oovimba abanobuchule, oovimba bomthetho, kunye nee-mibutho. Ukuthelelana okanye ukusebenza kunye nawo. Kwanamaqela amancinane anokuba neziphumo eziziququququ: amaqabane akwingingqi asebenzisa imodeli yemo yesizwe kunye nesikhokelo esisemthethweni. Ukhuthazo lwabiwo lwezomthetho.

IMidlalo yoLuntu eLawulayo

Ngaphandle kokungafundi okusemthethweni, khuthaza imikhwa yemihla ngemihla ekhuthaza ukuvuleka. Khuthaza abasemagunyeni ukuba bagcine “iiyure zee-ofisi” kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke. Tyelela xa urhulumente ebelana nge-data okanye iimpazamo. Yenza “uxwebhu oluchaphazelekayo” lwasekuhlaleni olubonisa ukuba ibhunga lesixeko sakho okanye ibhodi yesikolo ichaza ukuba banikela lula kangakanani ulwazi. Xa amagosa enikela ulwazi lula, yithiye esidlangalaleni kodwa ngendlela eyakhayo.

Ukoyisa Ucelomngeni

Ukukhuthaza ukuba cacileyo kuvela imiqobo. Urhulumente unokumelana neempikiswano ezingokhuseleko, ukuzimela, okanye umthwalo wolawulo.

Ukuqhubana Nomfolokazi

Xa ufaka isicelo se FOIA, ulindele ukulibaziseka, ukurhoxiswa, okanye ukugqithisa kwemirhumo. Uxwebhu nefayile yonke izicelo ukuba kuyimfuneko. Amaphondo amaninzi aneerekhodi zikawonke-wonke ezinobucukubhede obunolwazi. Ukuba umphathi-ndaba akavumi ukunikezela ulwazi, sebenza neentatheli ukubhenca. Imithetho yeSunshine isoloko inemimiselo yokufumana iimali zamagqwetha ukuba uphumelele enkundleni. / Oku kuphelisa ukukhanyela ukholo. Kwakhona, qaphela ukuba imithetho yemfihlo ikhusela ulwazi oluthile (umz, iirekhodi zezamayeza), ngoko ke bhekisa kwiingxelo eziluncedo ezinika umdla kawonke wonke.

Ukoyisa Ukungakhathali

Abemi abaninzi bavakalelwa kukuba ukubonakala ngaphaya kwekhephu kunzima kakhulu okanye ukuba imigudu yabo ayinakuthintelwa. Oku kuchasene noku ngokubonisa ukuphumelela okubonakalayo. Umzekelo, isicelo esinye seFOIA kwidolophu encinane sabonisa ukuba umntakwabo wosodolophu akanikwa sivumelwano sokususa ikhephu . Ukuyalela ukukhuphisana. Kwabelana amabali anjengale. Kwakhona, yenza kube lula ukuthatha inxaxheba: ukwenza imibhalo ebhaliweyo ebhaliweyo ngokubiza amagosa anyuliweyo, ukwabelana ngekhalenda ukunxulumanisa iintlanganiso ezizayo, kwaye uthembisa abazali ukuba bangafumana imvume yokuphulaphula.

Imiqobo Engokwasemthethweni Nezemali

Amanye amadabi okubonisa imbonakalo afuna uncedo olusemthethweni. Amagqwetha e-probo anokubakho ngemibutho enjenge-Litigation Group okanye i-Avicom Committee for Freedom of the Press. I-quading ingagquma iindleko zemali yokuhlawula ifashoni okanye iindleko zemali yokwenziwa kwemali. Ngaphezu koko, amaphondo amaninzi anee- “ekuvula urhulumente” onikela icebiso lesisa. Ungaze ukoyika ukuyeka ukubiza imali ngezicelo ezilula kwaye unyuse kuphela xa kuyimfuneko.

Isiphelo

Ukukhuthaza ukubonakala kwelinye icala kukarhulumente asilonyathelo elinye kodwa yinto eqhubekayo. Ngokunxulumana namagosa asekuhlaleni, ngokusebenzisa inkululeko yemithetho yolwazi, ukuya kwiintlanganiso zikawonke-wonke, ukuxhasa idata evulekileyo, nokukhusela abacuphi bempempe, abemi banganyanzela ukukhanya kwimbombo ezimnyama zolawulo. Ubugcisa buyakwazi ukudibanisa le migudu, kwaye imfundo isasaza ubuchule obufunekayo. Iingxaki zikhona, kodwa bonke abemi abafuna ukuba bacace bangabalawuli bedemokhrasi. Abantu abaninzi bangaba nenxaxheba, urhulumente osabelayo nonetyala. Qalisa namhlanje: khetha isenzo esinye kweli nqaku uze uthathe. Ngoko yabelana namava akho nommelwane. Umboniso-Balula.