Ukwanda Kocelomngeni Lokwaluphala

Ngo-2040, phantse umntu omnye kwabane eUnited Kingdom uza kuba neminyaka engama-65 ubudala, ngokutsho kwe-Ofisi yeZibalo zesizwe. Olu tshintsho loluntu alululo nje kuphela; lumela utshintsho olunzulu kwimizi yasedolophini. Ngoxa i-UK isoloko ilwisana nebutho labantu abalupheleyo, ukuxinene kwabantu abadala kwizixeko ezifana neLondon, Manchester, Birmingham, kunye neBristol kugxininisa ungxamiseko. Imimandla yase-Urban isele isongezwana nokuziimali zokuhlala, ubuchule bonyango, kunye nokungabikho kwabantu. Uxinzelelo olongezelelekileyo olusuka kwingingqini yoomatilo-oomatiloshe abakhulile lunyanzelela oomatiloshe abafuna ukucinga ngobuchule, iinkonzo, kunye noyilwembutho woluntu olusuka emhlabeni ukunyuka.

Iziphumo zezoqoqosho zibaluleke ngokufanayo. Abemi abadala bafaka iimfuno ezinkulu kwiinkqubo zokunyamekela impilo nentlalo, ezisele ziphantsi koxinzelelo. Kodwa kwakhona bazisa iminikelo eninzi: abantu abadala abazinikelayo, abanyamekela abazukulwana, kwaye baqhubeke besebenza ngexesha elidlulileyo lempesheni yorhulumente. Abasebenzi bamavili kufuneka balungelelanise iimfuno zobuhlali ngokuchasene neemfuno zabatsha, nabasebenzi, bedala iinkqubo ezisesikweni kuzo zonke izizukulwana.

Ii-Startgies Ezigcwaliswe yi-UK Meyars

Ukukhula Okunempembelelo Entle

Izibonelelo zeminyaka ezihamba ngaphaya kwemibhobho kunye nezithintelo zesandla. Amagnethi anqamleze iUK adibanisa imigaqo yoyilo lwendalo kwizithuba zikawonke-wonke, kwimibutho yezithuthi, kunye nophuhliso lwezindlu. ELondon, Uthutho lweLondon luye lwasungula iibhasi ezisezantsi, ukufikelela okukhululekileyo kwizikhululo zetyhubhu ezingaphezulu kwama-80% (ezinenjongo zokufikelela kwikhulu elinamashumi alithoba) kunye ne "Iiindawo zoncedo" ezidibanisa abakhweli-ma bakhulu kwizikhululo. IManchester ifake ekungeneni ekunqamlezeni abakhweli abakhweli kunye nokunqamleza ixesha elide.

Indlu yenye ingqikelelo ebalulekileyo. Ubuchule beManchester Age-Friendly Home, umzekelo, bugunyazisa ukuba zonke inkqubela-phambili entsha ziquke ipesenti yamakhaya enzelwe "abasebenzi abaphantsi"/_abancinane, amaqela akwimigangatho enye kufutshane namakhonkco ezithuthi kunye neevenkile. Amagxamesi akwamkeleka kwakhona kumakhaya akhoyo ngenkxaso yokukhutshwa kwezibhedlele, amagumbi amanzi, kunye nobugcisa basekhaya obukrelekrelekrele obunokuqwalasela okanye bukhumbuze abemi ukuba basebenzise amayeza. ICentre yexesha elingcono lexesha lokuhamba koomatshini abasebenzisa izibhexeko bachaza indlela ezithengelwano ezikhoyo nezibhedlele zemali ezisetyenziswayo kunye nolibazise ukusetyenziswa kwendlela yokuhlala.

Uphuhliso lwendawo kawonke wonke lukwabonakala kakhulu. ILiverpool ivelise "ipaki zepocket" ezinezihlalo ezinomthunzi, izindlu zangasese zikawonke-wonke, kunye nemithombo yamanzi, zenzelwe ukukhuthaza abantu abadala ukuba bachithe ixesha ngaphandle. Inkqubo yeBristol "Izitishi zendalo Zonke" icwangcisa ububanzi, imigangatho egudileyo, isuswa kwemingxuma yesitrato, kunye nokubekwa kwezitulo rhoqo. Ezi nguqulelo azincedisi kuphela abantu abadala kodwa zikwanceda abazali abaneeparam, abantu abaneziphene, nabo bonke abahamba okanye abahambayo.

Ukuxhotyiswa kwezempilo neeNkonzo zeNtlalo

Amagnethi angaphembelela ukunyanyekelwa kwempilo ngokuququzelela nokusebenzisana ne-NHS uthelekelelo, amagunya asekuhlaleni, nemibutho yokuzithandela. Imo yempilo eKhulu neNyusayo, inkqubo yezonyango ehlambulukileyo phantsi kolawulo lukaMayo, iye yenza imodeli edityaniswe nenkathalo edityaniswe ngokudibanisa ukunyanyekelwa kwempilo, unyango lwengingqi, kunye nokugunyaziswa kwentlalo. Ukudibanisa izigulana ezingezobugcisa obuqhelekileyo kumaqela amaqela enje ngemidiliya, iiklabhu, okanye iikwayarawadi zesidlo sasemini, kubonise ukucutha ukunciphisa ubulolo nokuphucula iziphumo zempilo yengqondo yabantu abadala.

Inkathalo yasekhaya iyamiselwa kwakhona ukujolisa "kuvuselelwa" kwixesha elifutshane, inkxaso enzulu enceda abantu bafumane inkululeko emva kokugula okanye utyando, kunokuba banikezele ukuxhomekeka okude. EBirmingham, "Hlala Uxakekile, Lala Indipendent" inkqubo inika iiklasi zokuthintela, iimvavanyo zokhuseleko lwasekhaya, kunye neenkqubo zoontanga, eziphumela ekuncipheni kwama-20% abangeni ezibhedlele phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba.

Ubulolo bungubhubhani othe cwaka phakathi kwabemi basedolophini abakhulileyo. Abaqhubi baxhasa amasebe asekuhlaleni asebenza njengeziko loluntu, elisoloko lisebenza kunye namathala eencwadi okanye iziko lokuzonwabisa. "Iinkqubo" yeLondon, inxalenye yeMicimbi yeQhinga loBulolo, amatsha - ntliziyo okuqhuba umnxeba weveki nganye okanye ukutyelela abantu abadala abahlukeneyo, kunye nenkqubela ephambili entle entle. Ngokufanayo, i-Newcastle’s "Ageing Well" iquageing tools, amaqela eencwadi, kunye namaqela ahambayo ngokukhethekileyo abo baneminyaka engaphezu kwama-70.

Ukukhuthaza Ukuqalisa Ukudibana

Ukwaphula imiqobo phakathi kwamaqela obudala kusisixhobo esinamandla sokudibanisa abantu. Izixeko ezininzi ze-UK ziye zasungula iinkqubo zokuzalwa phakathi kwezibonelelo ezincedanayo. ELeeds, "Isithuba se-R" iprojekthi enika amacebiso amadala amabini nabantu abadala abatsha abasengozini yokungafunwa ngabantu, apho abathatha umhlala phantsi bafundisa ukuchwetheza, ukupheka, okanye ukulungisa isitiya ukwenzela uncedo nobugcisa. Oku kunciphisa umahluko ongokweminyaka yobudala kwaye kunika abantu abadala imisebenzi eluncedo.

Icebo le-"Adved Lives" lidibene nabantu abadala abafuna inkxaso neentsapho eziselula ezinegumbi elincinane, zilungiselela ukuzonwabisa okunciphisa ubulolo babo bobabini kwaye kunika isizukulwana esiselula indawo yokuhlala efikelelekayo. Eli cebo linexabiso elithe kratya xa lithelekiswa nenkcitho yempatho yezeziko kwaye liphumela kwiziphumo zolwaneliseko oluphezulu.

ELondon, "Ixesha kunye neetalente" zibeka amatsha - ntliziyo amadala ezikolweni njengabancedisi abafunda okanye abacebisi bembali, kunye nabantu abaselula abakwizindlu zokunyamekela abancedisi abasebenzayo. Uhlolisiso lubonisa uphuculo kwinjongo yokufunda nokuthembeka kwabantwana, ngelixa abathathi-nxaxheba benikela ingxelo yokuba baneenjongo ezingakumbi kwaye banciphisa iimpawu zodandatheko.

Ubuxhakaxhaka obugudisayo nezicombululo zesiXeko esiQhagamshelayo

Uomatiloshe abaninzi basebenzisa izisombululo zamanani ukuxhasa ukuphila okuzimeleyo. Ukusuka kwimigca elula yemfonomfono ukuya kwimivo entsonkothileyo, ubugcisa bunganceda abantu abadala bahlale bekhuselekile kwaye bedibene. KwiMilton Keynes, inkqubo ye "MKSCIT" isebenzisa ugcino-lwazi olusuka kwizixhobo ezitshayo nakwiimvo zekhaya ukulumkisa abakhathaleli ukuba utshintsho oluqhelekileyo lomntu ohlala kuzo/uphawu lokugula okanye umngcipheko. Le nkqubo isebenza kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sokuphelelwa lingqondo, ibavumela ukuba bahlale ekhaya ixesha elide.

Ukufakwa kwamanani kuyinto ephambili. Abasebenzi be-Mayster kunye noManchester baxhase uqeqesho lwamanani kubantu abadala, ngokufuthi abanikelwa kumaziko oluntu aneziqu ezithathu kunye neziqu eziphezulu eziphantsi banceda ibhulorho yolwahlulo lwamanani. Noko ke, ukhuseleko lwezobuqu nogcino-lwazi luhlala lunenkxalabo, kwaye oomatiloshe kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba ubugcisa besixeko esikrelekrele buyenziswa ngokwendlela esesikweni, ngokukhanyayo nangokhetho olusezantsi.

Uhlolisiso Lwempumelelo Yamashishini

Manchester: Isixeko EsineeNkqubela Zobudala

IManchester ibizwa ngokuba yi-World Health Organization (WHO) Isixeko seNtlalo-ntle yeNkathi yeNtshona Koloni ukususela ngo-2013. Icebo lesixeko lidityaniswe nemimandla esixhenxe: izithuba zangaphandle, ezothutho, izindlu, ukuba nenxaxheba ekuhlaleni, intlonelo kunye nokudibana koluntu, inxaxheba yoluntu, kunye neenkonzo zempilo. Impumelelo engundoqo yinkqubo ye-"Age-Friend Neighbourbady" emisele iinkqubo zokuthutha abantu abadala apho abahlala eziphakaleni, iibhanki, izikhuseli zebhasi, kunye nezitrato ezithe ngqo kwiindawo zabo.

Indlela yokungena elingana nobudala beManchester ibone iziphumo ezingenakulungiseka: ukuvalelwa kwesibhedlele esingxamisekileyo ngaphezulu kwama-65 ehla nge18% phakathi ko-2015 no-2019, kunye nomlinganiselo wabemi abadala abaxela okulungileyo okanye impilo entle kakhulu wanyuka ngexesha elifanayo. Esi sixeko sadala i-"Age-Friend Business" umgaqo-siseko, ukukhuthaza iivenkile kunye neenkonzo zokuhlangabezana nemigangatho efana neemenu zemali ezinkulu, iindlela zokungena ezifikelelekayo, kunye noqeqesho lwabasebenzi ekuqondeni ukudiba.

IBristol: Ukusondela Kobudala

IBristol yaqalisa indlela yayo "yokwenza iAgeing Well Bristol" ngo-2016, ibhekisa kwintsika ezintathu: ukuzimela, uqhagamshelwano, kunye nempembelelo. Esi sixeko saxhasa uthungelwano lwe "Ingingqi Yonxulumano" olusekelwe kutyando lwe-GP, olusebenza nezigulana ezindala ukwenza izicwangciso zoluntu kunye nomsebenzi. Oku kuye kwanciphisa ukutyelelwa ngeGP ngezigulana ezingaphezu kwama-65, ngama-2% kwizenzo ezithabatha inxaxheba.

IBristol ikwanazo iinkqubo zokuququzelela "Uluhlu Lobomi Beziko" zabantu abadala abakhubazekileyo abanokungakwazi ukufunda okanye abadimazekayo, abakwaziyo ukuhlala kumakhaya entsapho kunokuba bakhathalelwe. I-"Golden Age" yesixeko inika abahambi bamadlamkene bebhasi kwaye ingabi namali kwimizi-nzo yebhulorho yabemi abangaphezulu kwama-60, ikhuthaza ukusebenza ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwezentlalo. Ingxube ephawulekayo yi-"Bristol Dementatia Action Alliance," eqeqesha amashishini amancinane, iibhanki, kunye neenwele ze-slon ukuze zincede abathengi balahlekelwe yinkumbulo.

ILiverpool: Ukujamelana nempilo elinganayo

Liverpool inezona ziphezulu kwizifo zentliziyo neswekile kubantu abadala abakhulileyo kwi-UK, kunye nobuhlwempu obukhulu. Isixeko "iAge-Friendly Liverpool" iceba ukujolisa amaxhoba okungalingani kwempilo ngoncedo loluntu. Inkqubo "Ezingaphezulu kwama-50" inika iiklasi zokuzilolonga ngesisa okanye ngendleko ephantsi kumaziko oluntu, iipaki, kwaneeholo zebingo, ukunciphisa imiqobo enjengamaxabiso, ezothutho, kunye nokusingqongileyo kwemijikelo eyoyikekayo.

Liverpool wafaka kakhulu kwinkcitho yengqondo yobuhlobo boluntu jikelele, kuquka isalathisi esicacileyo semiqathango ye-oyile, kunye nezithuba ezizolileyo kumathala eencwadi neemyuziyam. Isiphumo siye saba kukuncitshiswa kwe-12% kwamagosa esibhedlele anokuthintelwa kwizigulana ezindala kwiminyaka emine edluleyo. I-"Ageing Better" i-anglines, inxalenye yenkqubo ye-Ig Lottery Fund yesizwe, ixhasa imisebenzi engaphezu kwama-30 esuka kwinkxaso yoontanga ukuya kwikwayayadi.

Iingxaki Nemiqobo Abajamelene Nayo

Ngaphandle kwezi mpumelelo, oomatiloshe bajamelana nemiqobo ebalulekileyo. Ukuxhasa imali yeyona nto iphambili. AmaBhunga aseNgilani naseWales aye abona uqingqo-mali lwawo olungundoqo lusikwe ngaphezu kwama-25% ukususela ngo-2010% ngokweemeko zokwenene, ngelixa imfuneko yokukhathalelwa kwabantu abadala inyuke kakhulu. Amanyathelo amaninzi obuhlobo axhomekeke kwinkxaso yexeshana elifutshane okanye kwinkxaso yomqhubi wenqwelo-moya, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuceba ixesha elide. Amagxa-mali axhasa ukuxhasa ukuxhasa imali elungileyo evela kurhulumente osembindi, kuquka nentabalala yemali "yobuhlobo" enikezelwelwayo".

Olunye ucelomngeni lukukulungelelanisa imida emininzi. Iimfuno zabantu abadala aziwuhloneli ulawulo: ummi usenokuhlala kwisebe elinye kodwa uhamba kwisixeko ukuze anyamekele impilo, athenge, okanye atyelele intsapho. Abasebenzi be-mays kwimimandla edibeneyo yabaphathi, njenge-Greater Manchester kunye ne-West Midlands, bayakwazi ukunyanzelisa indima yabo yokukhuthaza ukudibana kwenkonzo enqamlezayo, kodwa ukuchasa amabhunga asekuhlaleni kunye ne-NHS kuyinto eqhelekileyo.

Ubukho bamazwe akhulileyo bungumqobo ochuliweyo kodwa ozingisileyo. Iinkqubo ezininzi neenkonzo ziseyilwe ngomsebenzisi ongagqibekanga oselula, onomzimba okwaziyo ukutshintsha le ngqiqo ifuna imfundo kawonke-wonke eqhubekayo kunye nokhokelo olusuka phezulu. Abaxhasi abaxhasa ubuchule bobudala bathumela uphawu olunamandla, kodwa utshintsho lwenkqubo luthatha iminyaka.

Ekugqibeleni, ingxaki yezindlu ichaphazela abantu abadala ngokugqithisileyo. Iintsapho eziselula zisoloko zikhuphisana ngamakhaya anqabileyo, ngoxa amadala "abagcini-ndlwane abangenanto" esenokuvalelwa kumakhaya amakhulu kakhulu okanye angawafanelanga iimfuno zawo. Kunqongophele iindawo zokuhlala ezinokufikeleleka, ezinokufumaneka. Abahlali batsala nzima ukuze bafumane izindlu ezithe kratya kodwa bajongene neenkcaso ze-NIMBY kunye namaxabiso anyukayo okwakha. Kubantu abatsha abafana "no-adola" nabantu abadala, apho abahlala khona kunye neendawo kunye nobomi obuqhelekileyo, bahlala benqabile e-UK.

Ikamva Nokuzalisa Izinto Eziza Kuqala

Ukukhangela phambili, iinkalo ezininzi ziza kubumba indlela oosodolophu abalungisa ngayo abantu abalupheleyo. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kufana nokutshisa kakhulu nokuphuphuma kwemozulu. Izixeko ezifana neLondon zivelisa iplani yokuphendula ngokungqalileyo kwimibutho yokutyelela ekhaya, ukupholisa, kunye nokuthumela imithunzi. Iiprojekthi zokulungisa uhlaza ezinciphisa iziphumo zesiqithi sobushushu zikwadala iindawo ezimnandi kubemi abadala ukuze bazinandiphe.

Ukudityaniswa kwempilo nentlalo kuya kukhula. UMthetho wakutshanje wezeMpilo noNcitho 2022 eNgilani umisela iinkqubo zokunyamekela ezidibanisa i-NHS kunye neenkokeli zikarhulumente zasekuhlaleni. Abahlali beebhodi ze-ICS bangatyhala beqeshela uqingqo-mali lwempilo olusekelwe kuluntu olukhusela ukukrala nokuxhasa uluntu olukhulileyo, kunokuba bafumane imali eninzi yokunyamekela izibhedlele.

Uphuhliso lwamanani luza kukhawuleza, kodwa kufuneka lukhatshwe ngabancedisi belizwi abasebenza ngokulinganayo. Ukujonga impilo ekude, kunye namaqonga akwi-intanethi anika amathuba amakhulu, kodwa amagxamesi kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba akukho mntu ushiywe ngasemva. Abanye, njengoMayor waseWest Yorkshire, baye bakhupha "imisebenzi edityanisiweyo yokudibanisa" ngokukodwa kubemi abadala, ukwabelana ngezixhobo kunye nokunika inkxaso eqhubekayo.

Ukulingana kwenani liza kuhlala liqinile kwezobupolitika. Njengokuba amaBriton aselula ejongene nokuhlala ngokungenamsebenzi ofanelekileyo namathuba angekho mgangathweni, abanye abakuthandi ukusetyenziswa koluntu kwizizukulwana ezikhulileyo. Amagxa amele amisele iinkqubo zobungane zobudala njengengenelo kubo bonke: izitrato ezifikelelekayo zinceda abazali abanemibutho enzima nabantu abakhubazekileyo; utyalo-mali lwezentlalo lwenza imisebenzi; iinkqubo zokunyamekela iintsapho zakha uluntu olomelele ngakumbi. [[FLT: 0] Imali kaKumkani yemali iphikisa ukuba izixeko ezinomdlalo zingcono nje kwizixeko zobudala.

Isiphelo

Oomatiloshe be-UK babonisa ukuba ukhokelo kwisixeko lungaphucula ubomi babemi abakhulileyo. Ukusuka kwindawo ekufuphi neManchester ukuya kumanxuwa asekuhlaleni agunyazisa iBristol, ukusuka kwi-gray ejongene nezempilo kwinkqubo yokufaka i-electal yase-Liverpool, ezi zenzo zibonisa oko kunokwenzeka xa urhulumente edibana noluntu. Imingeni yokudityaniswa kwemali, ukunqongophala kwezindlu, kunye nokungalawuleki kobudala obunzulu ikho ngokwenene, kodwa ayisokuze ingakwazi ukumelana noko.

Ukuphumelela kwezi ndlela ekugqibeleni kuza kuxhomekeka kurhwebo oluxhasweyo, ukudibana kweqela, nokuvuma ukuphulaphula abantu abadala ngokwabo. Abahlohli abajonga ukwaluphala njengethuba elifanelekileyo kunokuphatha umthwalo, kwaye abasebenzisana nobuchule bokuyila kuzo zonke iinkalo zedolophu yolawulo lwasedolophini, baseka isiseko samadolobha asebenza kuzo zonke izizukulwana. Ugqatso lokufumana i-UK yeyona sixeko sidala kakhulu kuluntu esikwi-UK inguhlanga olufanele ukuphumelela kubo bonke ababiza ezi zakhiwo zedolophuphane.[[FLT] [[FLT:]] [FLD:] [FLD:] [1] ukuqhubeka nokufunda, bona i-WHOV:2] . . I-WHOLD-FLD internamesCity thies [FFF]