IKomiti yePhilitiki Action Action (PACs) lisiseko sezemali zezemfazwe eUnited States, inika amaqela alungelelanisiweyo umjelo osemthethweni wokunyusa nokuchitha imali ukuphembelela unyulo kunye nenkqubo. Ngoxa uluntu lusoloko lunxulumana nee-PAC neenkampani ezinkulu, amaqumrhu asebenzayo, okanye iinkampani ezithile zorhwebo, iqela elibalulekileyo nelihlukeneyo, elikhoyo: iPaCs ezingezo zidityaniswayo. Ngokungafaniyo namaqela azo anxibelelana nawo, ezi komiti zisebenza ngokuzimeleyo nayiphi na umbutho omnye umzali. Inkxaso yazo ephambili isuka kwimirhumo ethe ngqo kwimibutho ebanzi, esekelwe kwisiseko, injongo engakumbi,: imfundo yezobupolitika. Eli nqaku lihlola indlela engadityaniselwanga iPCs ezinegalelo ngayo kumaphulo ezobupolitika, ukujonga indlela yawo, iimpembelelo, kunye nendima egxekayo ephambili ekukhuliseni ulwazi olufuna ulwazi olunolwazi olunolwazi.

Ziyintoni iipari ezingadibaniyo?

Ngaphantsi komthetho wonyulo kazwelonke, i-PAC engadityaniswanga yikomiti yezobupolitika engamiselwanga, engalawulwayo, okanye exhaswa ngemali ngumbutho, umbutho wabasebenzi, umbutho worhwebo, okanye nawuphi na omnye umbutho wamalungu. I-PAC ezimeleyo ngenkqu. Iyilwe ngabantu okanye amaqela abantu asebenzisana ngentanda-ntanda-bulumko okanye ngemimiselo yezopolitiko. Kufuneka babhalisa neKhomishoni yeFederal Ecomment (FEC) kwaye bathobele imiqathango engqongqo yokunika nokunika.

Umahluko obaluleke kakhulu yimali. I-PAC edityanisiweyo ingafumana imali engenasiphelo evela kumzali wayo (umz., umbutho unganikela kwi-PAC yawo ukusuka kwi-oyile yawo, phantsi kwemiqathango). Ngokwahlukileyo, i-PAC engadityaniswanga kuphela iyakwazi ukwamkela iminikelo evela kubantu ngabanye, kwaye loo minikelo ibekwe kwimali emalunga neerandi ezi-R3,000 ngonyaka. Ngokufanayo, umbutho ongadityaniswanga unganikela kwii-$5 000 (5 000) kwikomiti yonyulo nganye. Lo mrhumo wenza ii-pacs ezidityaniswe kwimirhu zabo ezidityaniswe kakhulu, uxhomekeke kwisiseko esincinane sekhalenda.

Ngenxa yokuba zingajongwa kumbutho othile okanye kwimanyano ethile, ii-PAC ezinganxulumaniyo zinandipha inkululeko eyahlukileyo yokumisela amacebo azo. Zingaxhasa abathathi-nxaxheba abathile, zinyanzelela iziphumo ezithile zenkqubo, okanye, ngokubalulekileyo, zichitha ixesha elininzi kwizifundo ezichaza imicimbi entsonkothileyo kubantu. Le nkululeko ichaza indima yazo kwimfundo yezobupolitika.

Indima eyahlukileyo yeePaccos ezinganxibelelaniyo kwimfundo yezobupolitika

Ngelixesha ii-PAC ezininzi zijolise ngqo kwiminikelo yephulo elingqalileyo kunye nenkcitho ezizimeleyo ukuxhasa okanye ukuchasa abatshatelwa, ii-PAC ezingadityaniswanga zisoloko zibeka indawo yokuqala kwimfundo yabavoti. Kutheni? Izinto eziliqela ziqhubela phambili kule ngqwalasela.

Iinkqubo ezicwangcisiweyo

I-PACs engadityaniswanga isebenza phantsi kwemali enye emalunga nee-$5 000 yommiselo womnikelo kubathathi-nxaxheba njengenye i-PACs yesithethe. Oku kuthetha ukuba abanako ukunyuswa ngokunzulu njenge-PCACs okanye i-maqumrhu adityanisiweyo athenjiweyo kwinkxaso ethe ngqo. Ukwandisa impembelelo yawo, ii-PAC ezininzi ezingadityaniswanga zijika zinikezele ukukhupha ukhuphozo lwemfundo kunye nemfundo yovoti, ezingalawulwanga ngokungqongqo njengezibhengezo ezidityanisiweyo (inte ezithi “iiiiiiiiindawo ezithethsi" okanye“ ezichasene ne”). Amaphulo emfundo angathatha isimo sokufumana ngaphandle kwe-vote-drive, abaqhubi, abalawuli bevoti, nabancedisi-lwazi abanoncedo abamele ukusetyenziswa xa besazi kwimibaluleka.

Ngokubhekele phaya, ii-PAC ezingeyontsebenziswano zidla ngokusekwa ngamaqela ajolisekileyo embambano ```iiintloko-lwazi'', abaxhasi borhulumente abalungileyo, okanye abaxhasi borhulumente abanobuhlanga obubodwa. kula maqela, umsebenzi wemfundo usembindini. Injongo yawo ayikokuphumelela nje kuphela kunyulo kodwa kukuguqula uluvo lukawonke-wonke kumbandela othile ngexesha elide. Imfundo yezobupolitika iba sisixhobo sokwakha uvo olunolwamdla.

Imali Nenkululeko

Imodeli yenkxaso-mali iqinisa ukugxininisa kwimfundo. Njengoko ii-PAC ezingeyonxibelelwano zixhomekeke kwiminikelo yomntu ngamnye, ngokufuthi ukusuka kwinani elikhulu labanikeli abancinane, zikhuselwe ukuba zakhe ulwakhiwo olubanzi noxhaso loluntu olubanzi ngenxa yabo. Umvoti ofunde kakuhle usenokuba unegalelo ngokuqhubekayo kwaye aphumele ngaphandle ngomhla wonyulo. Oku kwenza umjikelo olungileyo: i-PAC ifundisa uwonke wonke, uwonke-wonke uyabhatala ngakumbi, kwaye oko kunyuselwa kwiminikelo kunye nenkxaso yamatsha - ntliziyo.

Inkululeko ivumela ii-PAC ezingeyo-odityaniswayo ukuba zithathe izikhundla ezinokuba buhlungu kwi-PAC edityanisiweyo. Umzekelo, iPAC engezizo idityaniswayo ekuguquleni inkxaso-mali yephulo ingayigxeka ngokuphandle inkqubo edala ii-PAC ngaphandle kokuxhalabela ukuphambukisa ibhodi yentlangano. Le nkululeko yenza oko ikuqulethwe yimfundo ibe yinyaniso kwaye ithembeke kakhulu kubaphulaphuli abathandabuza imali kwezobupolitika.

Iindlela Zokufundisa Ngezandi

I PAC engadityaniswanga isebenzisa uthotho olubanzi lweendlela ukufundisa abavoti. Olu luhlu lulandelayo lubalaselisa ezona ndlela ziqhelekileyo nezinempumelelo:

  • [[NTL:0] Iseminathi yePublic kunye neForums: ukuququzelela i-info-person okanye iziganeko zenyani apho iingcali kunye nabaza kuphendula baxubusha ngemibandela yenkqubo. Ezi zicelo zinika ulwazi oluthe ngqo kwaye zivumela abo bakhoyo ukuba babuze imibuzo.
  • [[NKQUBO:0] IziKhokelo zeVoter: Iquka isikhokelo esingathathi cala okanye esinenkupho esithelekisa iindawo zabahlohli, iirekhodi zovota, kunye neempendulo kwiiposi ezibuzwayo. IiPaC ezininzi ezingezo zidityanisiweyo zisasaza ezi zikhokelo kwi-intanethi kunye nangeposi ngqo.
  • Izibhengezo ezidityanisiweyo kunye neMikhankaso yeNtlalo-ntle yeMedia: izibhengezo ezijoliswe kuzo ezicacisa iintsingiselo zenkqubo. Iividiyo ezifutshane ezicacisa inkqubo, iinkcazelo, kunye nezinto ezidityanisiweyo ezinokudityaniswa zinceda ukuba kulula imixholo entsonkothileyo efana notshintsho lwerhafu, ulawulo lwempilo, okanye umgaqo wemekobume.
  • Izinto ezishicilelweyo kunye neePamphlets: Izandi zeempukane, iincwadana kwiziganeko zoluntu, amathala eencwadi, kunye nokulaphulwa ngeseyile kumnyango.
  • [[UMTL:0] Iteksi yeWebsite kunye neeWeb site: Igcina iiwebhusayithi ezineenkqubo ezineenkcukacha, iintlanganiso zemfundo ezirekhodiweyo, kunye nezixhobo zokudluliselana ezinceda abavoti baqonde imilinganiselo yokuvotelwa okanye izicelo zomthetho.
  • [[UMTL:0] Iinqanawa zodidi kunye nentlangano zoluntu: ezithelekisa neengeniso zasekuhlaleni, amaqela karhulumente, nezikolo zokusasaza ulwazi lwenyaniso ngaphandle kokuthatha iphulo elithe ngqo lokulwa.
  • Imisebenzi ye- Phuma- ngaphandle kweVote (GOTV):[ Iibhanki zomnxeba, amaphulo okuthumela imiyalezo, kunye nemigudu yokunkqonkqoza equka iimfundiso zamalungu, njengokuchaza iimfuno ze-ID zovota okanye ukhetho lwangaphambili lokuvota.

Ezi ndlela zenzelwe ukufikelela abantu abahlukahlukeneyo, ukusuka kubavoti bexesha lokuqala ukuya kumaqola alwa nolwaluko, nokunika ulwazi ngendlela ekhuthaza ukwenza izigqibo ngolwazi.

Impembelelo Kumsebenzi Wokubamba Igesi Nempilo Yedemokhrasi

Umsebenzi wokufundisa wee-PAC ongazidibanisiyo uneziphumo ezinokuchaphazeleka kwinxaxheba kwezobupolitika kunye nomgangatho wentetho yedemokhrasi. Uphando lubonisa rhoqo ukuba unyulo olunolwazi lubonakala lungavota, lubandakanyeka kwimisebenzi yoluntu, lubandakanyeke kumagosa anyuliweyo anokuphendula. Ngokubhekisa ingqalelo kwimfundo, iiPaC ezingadityaniswanga nemfuneko esisiseko yedemokhrasi: ukuvala umsantsa phakathi kwemiba enzima nengqiqo kawonke wonke.

Ukunyanzela I-Electorate Ecectorate

Abavoti abaninzi baziva besoyiswa lulwazi oluninzi lwezopolitiko, `nenkcazelo ephosakeleyo) efumaneka kwi-intanethi. Ii-PAC ezinganxulumaniyo ezibophelela ngokuchanekileyo kwaye zinika imvelaphi yolwazi ethembekileyo. Xa i-PAC ibonelela umvoteli apho amacala omabini enokuthetha khona, okanye xa ikhupha isikhokelo sovoti ngokucacileyo, ngokunenyaniso, inika abemi amandla okwenza ukhetho olusekelwe kwizinto ezikhoyo kunokuba lubethwe ngamazwi.

Ukwanda Kwenxaxheba

Imfundo idla ngokukhokelela kwisenzo. Abasebenzi abaqonda indlela umlinganiselo othile wokufaka ibhola ekhatywayo oya kuchaphazela ngayo irhafu yempahla yabo okanye unyango lwempilo babonakala benokuvela kunyulo olukhethekileyo. Ii-PAC ezingadibanisi mfundo nemigudu ye-GOTV zichaza amaqondo aphezulu okujika kuluntu abalukhonzayo. Ngaphezu koko, amaphulo emfundo achaza ukubaluleka kwee-ofisi zasekuhlaleni (ibhodi yesikolo, ibhunga lesixeko) aboniswa ukuba anyusa ukuthabatha inxaxheba kwimijaho ephantsi yebhola, esoloko igqitywe ngamanani amancinane evoti.

Ukukhuthaza Ukubonakala Kwabantu Nokuphendula

Kuba ii-PAC ezingeyo-odityaniswanga kufuneka zityhile iimvo zazo kunye nenkcitho kwi-FEC, zifak' isandla kwimeko-bume ebanzi yezemali yesehlo. Ezinye ii-PAC ezingadityaniswanga zithatha eli nyathelo ngokuhambela phambili ngokupapasha uluhlu lwazo lomnikeli okanye zikhuphe iingxelo ngendlela amavoti avote ngayo ahambelana nezikhundla zawo ezichaziweyo. Lo msebenzi ufundisa abavoti ngempembelelo yemali kwezobupolitika kwaye ukhuthaza ukuvavanywa okungakumbi kwabo bonke abadlali bezobupolitika.

Umzekelo, iPAC enganxulunyaniswanga nemicimbi karhulumente elungileyo ingavelisa izivoti ezinxulumene notshintsho lwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Abalawuli bangasebenzisa elo nqaku xa begqiba ukuba ngubani oza kuxhasa kunyulo oluphambili okanye oluqhelekileyo. Olu hlobo lomsebenzi wemfundo lugcina abezobupolitika besabela kwimdla kawonke-wonke kunokuba bathathele izilangazelelo ezikhethekileyo.

Imizekelo yezicwangciso ezingadibaniyo ezisebenzayo

I-PACs ezininzi ezaziwayo ezingadityaniswanga kakuhle zibonisa umsebenzi wemfundo. I-League of Conservation Voters (LCV) PAC ngumzekelo obalaseleyo. Ayinxulunyaniswa naliphi na icandelo okanye umbutho worhwebo; ixhaswe ngeminikelo nganye. I-LC PAC ivelisa i-National Confectal Confectals [ irectal Conquentats [ irectorsss] xa onke amalungu eBhunga kwingxelo yawo yokuvota. Eli khadi lenqaku lisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngoomatilo lwamanyeneyo kunye namaqela akhuthaza ii-vokices kukwazisa ulungiso lwemeko-bume. I-menterverties, utshintsho lwamazwe oluntu, kunye noluntu.

Omnye umzekelo ophambili nguLuhlu LWESILY. I-PAC yayo yeyaseSizweni yikomiti engadityaniswanga exhasa ipro-choice Democratic yamabhinqa asebenza nge-ofisi. Uluhlu lwe-EMILY lunikela imali eninzi ekuqeqesheni nasekufundiseni ngokubaluleka kwabanyuli bamabhinqa. Inika uphando nge-athom, kwaye iqhuba amaphulo amakhulu okufundisa ngemilingo achaza ukwahlukahlukana kwenkqubo phakathi kwamalungelo abantu abazalisayo apho kungumbathiso.

I-PAC, exhasa ugcino-lwazi lwemali kunye norhulumente omncinane, ngokufanayo isebenza njenge-PAC engadityaniswanga. Ngelixesha isaziwa ngenkcitho ezizimeleyo ngokuchasene nokuqeshwa, ivelisa izinto zokufundisa kwezoqoqosho, uthelekiso lwenkqubo, kunye nesikhokelo sovoti esijolise kwimibandela yerhafu kunye nenkcitho.

Kwanee-PAC ezincinci, ezingenamigangatho karhulumente njenge Zonke Kwilayini (ijoliswe kwi-fice entle) iqhuba imfundo ebanzi yokuvota malunga nendlela iinkqubo zokulungisa ezichaphazela ngayo umelo. Le mizekelo ibonisa ububanzi bemiba edityaniswe kwidilesi ye PACs kudlulela kwimfundo.

Ukubhekisa phambili, i-PAC iphepha elisemthethweni linika iinkcazelo zomthetho kunye neemfuno zokunika ingxelo. Ngokudibanisa, ivula iireyithi.org inika ugcino-lwazi oluneenkcukacha kwimali ye-PAC kwaye inganceda ukuchaza ukuba zeziphi ii-PAC ezidityaniswe ngokunxulumene no-'s'.

Imiqobo Nocelomngeni

Ngelixa ii-PAC ezingadityanisiweyo zingabafundisi abaxabisekileyo, azinamiqathango. Ukuthembela kwazo kwiminikelo nganye kuthetha ukuba zisoloko zisebenza ngoqingqo-mali oluncinci kune-PACs edityanisiweyo okanye ephezulu. Le mithetho yemali ingasikela umda umlinganiselo wamaphulo azo okufundisa, ingakumbi xa zikhuphisana nokhukula lwentengiso oluvela kumaqela atyebileyo.

Ukubona ngaphaya, ngexa kudla ngokuba likrele elinokuphuma kabini. Ezinye ii-PAC ezingadityaniswanga zingakhetha ukugxininisa kuphela izibakala ezithile okanye imiba yesakhelo ngendlela enceda abo bakhethwayo okanye imigaqo. Nangona zibubuchule “bemfundo,” umxholo unokuba nobugqwetha. Ii-Voters zimele ziqhubeke zisebenzisa ugwebo olunetyala. Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa yokuba ii-PAC ezingadityaniswanga zisoloko ziveliswa ngabaxhasi abachukumi, izinto zazo zemfundo zingawufiphaza ngokungaziyo umgca phakathi kwento nembono.

Imigaqo ethintela ulawulo ikwadala imingeni. Imithetho ye-FEC echaza oko kubumba “ukucinezelwa kwemithetho esemthethweni” kunye“ nokungagunyaziswanga komthetho” ingaba nzima. Isikhokelo esizimiseleyo esikhankanya igama lomvoti ochaphazelene kakhulu nonyulo singaxhobisa iimfuno ezongezelelekileyo okanye sicaciswe njengenkcitho ezimeleyo. Lo mmandla ungwevu ungokwasemthethweni ungadinisa ezinye ii-PACs ezingadibanisiyo ekuqhubeni amaphulo okhuphiwo olunogonyamelo lonyulo.

Ekugqibeleni, inani elipheleleyo lee-PACs `Iwaka lewaka elibhalisiweyo nge-FEC/amanani anokujongwa nobuninzi bolwazi. Umbuso ongatshatanga unokuba nee-PAC ezininzi ezivelisa izikhokelo ezikhuphisanayo. Ngoko ke ii-PAC ezingezozidityaniswanga kufuneka zisebenze nzima ukusungula ukuthembeka nokwahlula iziqulatho zazo kuleyo yeqela lamajoni.

Isiphelo

Ii-PAC ezingadityaniswanga zimela umkhosi obalulekileyo, ozimeleyo kwimfundo yezobupolitika yaseMerika. Ngokuthembela kubantu abanikelayo kunye nokusebenza ngaphandle kwamaqhina entlangano okanye amaqhina omanyano, zibekwe ngokukhethekileyo ukumisela amanyathelo emfundo acwangcisa uluntu, akhuthaza ukubotshwa kwequmrhu, nokukhuthaza ukujoliswa kwetyala korhulumente. Iindlela zazo .

Kwixesha lokusasazeka kwenkcazelo ephosakeleyo kunye nokungakholelwa kwimibutho yabantu, umsebenzi wokufundisa ii-PAC ongazidibanisiyo unegalelo ngqo kwimpilo yedemokhrasi. Unyulo olunolwazi lululuhlu lokuqala lokuzikhusela nxamnye nempembelelo yezobukhothophotho kunye nolawulo lwezobupolitika. Ngoxa kungekho PaC omnye umfundisi ogqibeleleyo, isiphumo esikhuthazisiweyo semigudu yale komiti sibandakanya kwaye sigunyaziswe ngakumbi. Ukuqonda indima yabo kubalulekile kuye nabani na ofuna ukuyiqonda kakuhle impembelelo yezobupolitika kunye nolwazi lukawonke-wonke eUnited States.

Abo bafuna ukufunda okungakumbi, ikhupha rhoqo uphando lwe-PC yemfundo lunika uhlalutyo olunzulu lwamaphulo athile, kunye Iziko lophando lupapasha ugcino-lwazi kulwazi oluvoti kunye nokubolekisa olubonisa ukubaluleka kwale migudu.