Ukwazisa: Isiseko Solawulo Olulungileyo

Inkqubo yokufumana izinto zikawonke-wonke yaseIndiya yenye yezona zinkulu ehlabathini, ibala--20-30% ye-GDP yelizwe. Inikwe umlinganiselo wokusebenzisa ````iii-rupellies'') ngonyaka. Indlela urhulumente athenga ngayo impahla, iinkonzo, kunye nemisebenzi ichaphazela ubuchule bezoqoqosho, impilo entle, kunye nokuthemba uluntu. Kwiminyaka elishumi edluleyo, uthotho lwenkqubo yotshintsho lwenkqubo luye lwaveliswa ukuguqula umgangatho osisigxina nephepha kwinkqubo yemichiza, ekhanyayo, nekhuphisanayo. Ezi nguqu azizolawulo nje kuphela; zimele utshintsho olungundoqo kulawulo olunetyalayo.

Isiseko sesiseko solu tshintsho luzibopho lukarhulumente kwi ulungiso-lubonelo , iinkqubo ezisesikweni[, kunye nemithetho yesakhiwo sesakhiwo eshiya igumbi elincinci lolwazi okanye ukonakala. Eli nqaku lihlola imigaqo exhasa ukwakhiwa kwezixhobo zale mihla ze-Indiya, indlela ezikhuthaza ngayo ukuqaqamba kokukhanya nokusebenza, iziphumo ezinokusetyenziswa, kunye nocelomngeni oluqhubekayo olumele luthethwe ngumatshini.

Imboniselo yenkqubo yophando lukawonke-wonke wase-Indiya

Ukufumana uluntu ngokubanzi eIndiya kulawulwa ngokuyintloko yiMithetho yezeMali jikelele (GFRs), iManual for processiation of Factory, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo echanekileyo ekhutshwe liSebe lokuKhuthaza ngezakhono kunye neTreasurement (DPIIT) kunye noBungameli beMali. Kumgangatho ophakathi, uLawulo jikelele lweMithetho kunye neDSPAS) ngokwembali ephathelele ukuthengwa kwezambuku, kodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje indima iye yatshintshela kwimo yempatho nganye elungeleleneyo apho umsebenzi womsebenzi woshishino kunye necandelo likawonke (PSU) ulawula ukufumaneka kwazo kwizambutho eziqhelekileyo.

Isikali siyamangalisa: amaqumrhu karhulumente angaphezu kwama-50 000 abandakanyekile ekufumaneni imali, achitha ii-2910-12 ze-lakh crore ngonyaka kwizinto kuphela, ngaphandle kwemisebenzi emikhulu yezibonelelo. Utshintsho oluqhubekayo olulolo hlobo alufuni nje imithetho kodwa lufuna izibonelelo zobugcisa kunye nokutshintshela kwinkcubeko ekuthetheni.

Isalathisi soMsebenzi ongokwasemthethweni noMgaqo-nkqubo

Izixhobo ezingundoqo ezichaza iinkqubo zokufumana zeIndiya ziquka:

  • [[NTL:0] Jikelele Imithetho yezemali (GFR), 2017: bonelela ngemigaqo elawulayo yolawulo lwemali kunye nokufumana okuvelayo kwamaziko karhulumente. Bagunyazisa ukuba ukhuphiswano luvuleke, ukubonakala kovavanyo, nokusetyenziswa kokuzifumanela zonke ii-accounting ngaphezulu kwemiqobo ekhankanyiweyo.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Uxwebhu lokulungisa iimpahla, 2017: lunika iinkqubo ezineenkcukacha ukwenzela ukugunyaziswa, uvavanyo, kunye nolawulo lwesivumelwano, ukugxininisa ukusetyenziswa kwamaxwebhu okukhuphela izicwangciso ezisemgangathweni kunye namaqonga kwi-intanethi.
  • Ugcino-lwazi lwePublic Projective Projectives yemicropu kunye neNqanawa encinci (MSES), 2012 (uguquliwe): Ludatha olo nkonzo zikarhulumente osembindini kunye nomthombo we-PSUs ubuncinane 25% wezibonelelo zabo zonyaka ezisuka kwi-MSES, kunye ne-4% encinci efakelwe iMSES.
  • I-Geme-M (Indawo yesakhelo) yoMlawuli we- Iqonga le-intanethi eliye laba yinto engagqibekanga kuzo zonke izinto ezisetyenziswayo neenkonzo, ukudibanisa ii-catalog, imiyalelo kunye nokuhlawula phantsi kwenkqubo enye.

Iimpawu ezingundoqo ezikhuthaza ukubonakala kwelinye icala

Ukubonakala kwezibonelelo zikawonke-wonke akuyonto yokwenza ulwazi lufumaneke; kungokuqinisekisa ukuba inyathelo ngalinye (ukusuka ekuthandweni ukuya kwibhaso(ukuya kuhlawulwa) liyabonakala, liyaqinisekiswa, kwaye liyaphicothwa. Imigaqo yeIndiya ikhuphela ulwazi kwiinkqubo eziliqela zekonkrithi.

Ubuchule bokulungisa ikhompyutha kunye nokulungisa iplatforms

Ukususela ekundululweni kwe-Central Public Profication Port (CPP) kunye noRhulumente we-EMCT (GEM) ngo-2016, phantse bonke oorhulumente abafumana imali ngaphezulu kwe-762 lakh bahambise kwi-intanethi. Olu tshintsho luye lwasusa uqheliselo lwakudala lokuthotyelwa kwemiqathango, eyayithwaxwa kukuphamba, ukulahleka kwamaxwebhu, nokungalungisi. Namhlanje, abadayisi bafaka izicelo ze-injini, kunye nenkqubo epheleleyo (ukuvula i-bid, ukuvavanya, kunye no-as (ibhalwe kwindlela ye-applike-fic-fire.)

IGeM, ngokukodwa, iye yaba ngumtshintshi womdlalo. Ekuqaleni konyaka wama-2025, ikhupha imveliso nenkonzo ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezisixhenxe ukusuka kubathengisi ababhalisiweyo abangaphezu kwe-800,000 nangaphezu kwekhulu elinamashumi amahlanu abathengi bakarhulumente. Uthengiso ngalunye kwiGM lubonakala ekuhleni kwibhodi yeplatfomu, kuquka ukuba ngumnini mpahla, umthengisi, ixabiso elihlawulwayo, nomhla wocwangco. Lo mjikelo wokubonakala awuzange ufunyanwe kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo.

" Iqonga leGeM liguqule ukufunyanwa kukawonke-wonke eIndiya ngokwenza ngokupheleleyo i-intanethi, ukubonakala ngaphaya, kunye nogcino-lwazi olune-data. Kucuthe ixesha lomjikelo eliqhelekileyo ngo-30-50% kwaye kwagcina urhulumente amawaka eecrores ngokwexabiso lamaxabiso.. — NITI Aayog Report, 2023

Vula Ukhuphiswano

Imigaqo-nkqubo ye-Indiya egunyazisa ukuba ngaphandle kokuba ukhutshelo olukhethekileyo (njengomthombo omnye) lugwetyelwe ekubhaleni nasekuvunyweni ngumphathi omkhulu, zonke izirhubuluzi kufuneka zivulelwe bonke abangenisi abafanelekileyo. Lo mgaqo wokhuphiswano oluvulekileyo [ unyanzeliswa ukuba ukhuphiswe ngapha koko kulandelayo:

  • Isaziso sePPP kunye nephephandaba elinye lesizwe. IGeM ngokuzenzekelayo isasaza amathuba kubathengisi ababhalisiweyo.
  • Ukufikelela okupheleleyo: Akukho dracer ungasuswayo ngezizathu ezizizo. Intsingiselo yemali kunye novavanyo zichazwe ngokucacileyo kuxwebhu lokunika, nendlela yokuvavanya (umz., ixabiso elisezantsi okanye ixabiso lomgangatho elisekelwe kwintengo) ichazwa ngokucacileyo.
  • IRedressal: Abaxhasi bangaphakamisa uchasi kwi-intanethi ngexesha elichaziweyo, kwaye igosa elimiselweyo liyafuneka ukuphendula ngezizathu. Le nkqubo idimaza ucalulo.

Cacisa, Imigca Yesikhokelo Esezantsi

Ubuchule kuxwebhu olufuna inkxaso-mali buyindawo ebangela ukunganyaniseki neempikiswano. I-Indiya ithetha ngokubeka imilinganiselo yamaxwebhu okufaka, imilinganiselo, kunye nesivumelwano somqathango kwimibutho emininzi karhulumente. Incwadi yeNkqubo yokuLungisa iiProjekthi zeFails inika amaxwebhu emodeli anokusetyenziswa ngokuphuculwa okuncinane. Kwimisebenzi neenkonzo, amaxwebhu ahlukeneyo emodeli akhona phantsi kwemigaqo ye-Central Vigilance Commis (CC).

Ngaphezu koko, iinkqubo zifuna ukuba zonke iziphambuko kwiinkqubo ezisesikweni zibhalwe ngokubhalwa nangokuvunywa. Umzekelo, ukuba uthe wafumana imali encinci (esikhundleni sokuvulwa), uthetheleleko kufuneka lubhalwe phantsi luze lufumaneke ukuze luphicothwe. Oku kwenza indlela yokuphendula imibutho efana noMqokoleli-zincwadi kunye noMphicothi-zincwadi Jikelele (CAG) angaqwalasela.

Amanyathelo Abangela Ukwaneliseka

Ukwanelisa ekufumaneni imali kuthetha ukuyenza ngokukhawuleza, ngexabiso eliphantsi, nangempazamo ezimbalwa. Utshintsho lweIndiya lujolise kwiinkqubo zokuqukuqela, ukucutha ungenelelo lwezandla, kunye nobugcisa bokuxhathisa.

Ucoselelo lwe Window- Enye

Amasebe amaninzi karhulumente amkele imodeli yokucacisa i-' yefestile enye, apho zonke iimvume zokufumana (ulwandiso lobugcisa, uvavanyo lobuchule, uvavanyo olusemthethweni) zifakwe kwindlela enye ye-intanethi kunokufuna umthengisi ukuba atyelele ii-ofisi ezininzi. Oku akugcini kuphela ixesha kodwa kunciphisa amathuba okubambezeleka nokunyotywa kwemali. Kwinkqubo zeflegi ezifana ne- ukwenza i-Indiya inyathelo lokuqala, elinye lamazibuko e-window yokhuseleko kunye nokufumana izinto ezifunekayo kunciphisa amathuba okuvunyelwa kwiinyanga ukuya kwiiveki.

Ukwenziwa kwamanani kwebhayisekile yobomi yonke

Ukwenziwa kwamanani kungaphaya kokuthambisa nje.

  • Imiyalelo yeCatal: isebenzisa iicatalog ezinamandla apho abathengisi bahlaziya amaxabiso kunye nokufumaneka ngexesha lokwenene. Abathengi bangathelekisa iimveliso kwii-parameter ezininzi ngaphandle kokulinda iingcaphulo.
  • IIntelekelelo ezikhoyo: ukwenzela iimpahla nezinto ezisemgangathweni, ukuthengiswa okubuya umva kuqhutywa kwi-intanethi, ngokufuthi kuqhutywa amaxabiso 10-20% asezantsi kunexabiso lebekela. Le nkqubo irekhoda nganye ilinganiswa kwaye umnqobi igqibeka ngokuzenzekelayo.
  • E- proct Abaphathi benqanawa: Iints ezityikitywe ngokwamanani zisebenzisa i Aadhaar-sethion esekelwe kwi e- signote, kwaye ujongo lomsebenzi lwenziwe kwiibhodi ezinqamlezayo ezilibazisa iflegi.
  • Iintlawulo-E:[[[FT:1] Inkqubo yeMali yoLuntu (PFMS) idibana neGEM namanye amaqonga ukwenza iindleko ngokuzenzekelayo ekuqinisekiseni ukunikezelwa, ukunciphisa imijikelo yokuhlawula ukusuka kuma-90+ iintsuku ukuya kutsho kwientsuku ezili-15 ukwenzela uthengiso oluninzi.

Uxwebhu olusezantsi kunye ne Templates

Ukwenziwa kwemigangatho kuphucula ubuchule ngokunciphisa ixesha elichithwayo lokulungisa, ukuqwalasela, kunye nokuvumela amaxwebhu okufakelwa. Ukwamkelwa kwe-Indiya kwesicelo semodeli seProstals [RFPs] kunye nemilinganiselo esesikweni kunye neemeko [ ziqinisekisa ukuba abathengi nabacebisi bazi kakuhle oko banokukulindela. Oku kubalulekile ngakumbi kwimisebenzi emikhulu, apho iimpikiswano ezingokwasemthethweni ngemivoko-mali eninzi zingabopha amawaka ezigidi ze-rupeee-ms iminyaka.

Umzekelo, uBungameli bendlela yothutho neHighays busebenzisa isivumelwano esisesikweni somzekelo wemvumelwano kunxibelelwano loomatiloshe boomatiloshe boomatiloshe boomatiloshe, oluye lwafunyaniswe ngamazwe anqumla elaseIndiya. Oku kuvumela abaxhasi ukuba bavavanye amathuba ngokukhawuleza kwaye kunciphise imfuneko yokupheliswa komthetho kwiprojekthi nganye.

Impembelelo Yale Mibutho Yamalungelo

Iziphumo ezibonakalayo zemithetho ecacileyo yeIndiya nesebenzayo yokufumana iprojekthi zinokufumaneka kwimigangatho emininzi.

Ukunciphisa Ukonakala

Isalathisi se-Eparency Infacementus Perceptions Indatsha ye-Indiya ibonisa uphuculo oluthe chu kwinqaku leIndiya ukususela ngo-2016, oluhambisana nokurhoxa konyango lwe-e-projekthi. Ngeli xesha oothunywashe abaninzi befakthise, ugcino-lwazi olusuka kwiCVC lubonisa ukuncipha okukhawulezekelele ukufunyanwa kwamasebe karhulumente aphakathi. Umzila we-intanethi wenza kube nzima kakhulu ukunyusa intengiso okanye ukubhalisa ngaphandle kokugweba. Ngokwengxelo ye-20222 , inkqubo ye-e-processity sy inkqubo e-ethings ezinxulumene nokunganyaniswa kokunga kuqikelelwa ku-40%.

Ukuxabiseka Okulunge Ngakumbi Kwemali

Uphando olwenziwa liZiko loLawulo laseIndiya lubonise ukuba ukukhuphisana nge-intanethi kukhokelela kumaxabiso 15-25% asezantsi kwiindlela zesithethe, nasemva kokutyala umgangatho. Iqonga le-GEM kuphela liqikelelwa ukuba ligcine urhulumente epheleleyo 761 lakh creor kususela ekusungulweni kwalo, ngokufumana intengo nokususwa kwamaxabiso abantu abaphakathi. Ngaphezu koko, unciphiso lwexesha lomjikelo (ukusukela kumlinganiselo weentsuku ezingama-60 ukuya phantsi kweentsuku ezingama-30) luthetha ukuba imisebenzi iqala ngokukhawuleza, ukunciphisa iindleko zokusetyenziswa kwemijuba.

Ukuthabatha Inxaxheba Okwandayo Nokhuphiswano

Amashishini amancinane naphakathi, kuquka iiyunithi ezincinane kunye nesiqalo, ngoku zinonikezelo olungazange lubonwe kwizivumelwano zikarhulumente. Inkqubo ekhethelwe iMSES, idityaniswe nokulula kokubhalisa kwiGEM, ikhokelele kunyuko kwinani lemirhumo ngentsebenziswano. Kwizinto ezininzi eziqhelekileyo, inani eliqhelekileyo lemitshato liye lanyuka ukusuka kwisithathu ukuya kwishumi elinesibini. Olu khuphiswano luqhubela phambili nomlinganiselo wexabiso. Ngaphezu koko, inkqubo iye yaphumelela ekufumaneni imfuno yabenzi bezinto basekuhlaleni, iqinisa i-Atmanbirbarbar[ [FLT]] inyathelo lokuqala (UMFLT]).

Ukuthemba Uluntu Olwandisiweyo

Xa abemi be-GeM preadboard, ebonisa ukuthengwa okuthe ngqo kukarhulumente, abathe, kwanangaliphi ixabiso, iyaphucula. I-Gemclashboard, ebonisa ukuthengiselana ngexesha lokwenene, sisixhobo esinamandla sokulawula ibutho labantu. Ii-media kunye nabaphandi basoloko beyifumana le nkcazelo ukuze bayichaze ngokusetyenziswa kwemali. Oku kucace kwakhona kuyawayala amagosa karhulumente, azi ukuba nayiphi na intengiso engaqhelekanga inokuba nengxelo ngentengiso ekhawulezileyo okanye ngoshicilelo.

Iingxaki Nemigaqo Yexesha Elizayo

Naphezu kwezi mpumelelo, inkqubo yokufumana uwonke wonke yaseIndiya ikho ngaphandle kweziphako. Ucelomngeni oluninzi kufuneka lujongwe ukuxhasa nokuqinisa inzuzo.

Ukutyunjwa Okutshintshayo Ngaphesheya Kwamazwe

Ngelixesha amasebe karhulumente ombindi aye afumana ulungiso olukhawulezileyo, uninzi lwamazwe-odwa ancinci, ngokunjalo-ii-asethi zixhomekeke kwiinkqubo ezisetyenziswa ngezandla okanye ezixutyiweyo. Ubunjani bokufumana iprojekthi buye bahluka ngokubanzi: amanye amazwe anenkqubo ezomeleleyo eziphicotho-manani lokwenene, ngoxa amanye efumana ugcino-lwazi olungaphelelanga, ukulibazisela ukuhlawula, nokusetyenziswa okulinganiselweyo kwamaphepha afanelekileyo. Umzekelo, amasebe amaninzi ezonyango esizwe asafumana amayeza ngengxoxo evaliweyo, ekhokelela ekumangalelweni ngolungiso lwezo zixhobo.

Ukwakha ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwezibonelelo zoluntu

Ukufumana okunempumelelo kufuna oogqirha abanobuchule abaqonda isiseko somthetho kunye nobugcisa. Amasebe amaninzi karhulumente aswele iingcali ezinikezelweyo zokufumana inkxaso; endaweni yoko, ukufumana kuphathwa ngabalawuli abajikelezileyo qho kwiminyaka embalwa. Oku kukhokelela kwiimpazamo kuxwebhu, uvavanyo olungeluhle, kwaye kuphoswe amathuba okuhlaziya. Urhulumente usungule iinkqubo zokuqeqesha ngeNational Institute of Financial Management [, kodwa isikali sicotha.

Ucelomngeni Lokwahlukana Kwamanani Nezithukuthezi

Ngeli xesha iGeM ithoba imiqobo yokungena, imibhobho emincinane emininzi kwiindawo zasemaphandleni ayinayo i-Internet ethembekileyo, ulwazi-manani, okanye ii-akhawunti zebhanki ezikwaziyo ukuhlawula. Ngaphezu koko, imfuneko yotyikityo lwamanani kunye nobhaliso lwe-GST ingaba ngumqobo. Urhulumente uphendule ngokuseka iziko lokukhupha i- GeM kwimimandla esemaphandleni kwaye anikezele uqeqesho lwasimahla, kodwa ukhuphiso lufuna ukwandisa ngokuphawulekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iingenelo zokukhanya ngaphandle zifumaneka emhlabeni wonke.

Ulawulo nophicotho-zincwadi

Kwanakwinkqubo ye-intanethi, urhwaphilizo lungaqhubekeka ukuba ulawulo lubuthathaka. Okwangoku, i- i-Central Viginance Commission kunye ne CAG inegunya lokufuna ukuqokelelwa komngeniso, kodwa ukufikelela kwazo kulinganiselwe ngeqela lemibutho kunye nobugcisa. Kukho imfuneko yenkqubo ezenzekelayo efunyanisiweyo evanyanisa iipali enye, iimbathi, okanye ii-patroli. Ezinye iinkqubo eziqhubela phambili zisebenzisa i-IMGRAP ezinje; i-Indiya iqhube ii-pilo, kodwa azikho zimbalwa, kodwa azikho.

Icala Lexesha Elizayo: I-Al, i-Blockchain, kunye no-Data Ovuliweyo

Xa ukhangela phambili, iIndiya ihlola izinto eziliqela ezintsha ukunyusa ukubonakala nokusebenza kakuhle:

Isiphelo: Umzekelo Woqoqosho Oludityanisiweyo

Uhambo lwe-Indiya ukusuka kwinkqubo yokufumana izinto ezisekelwe kumaphepha, ejijileyo ukuya kumanani, ekhanyayo, kunye nokhuphiswano olunika izifundo ezibalulekileyo ekuqhambukeni kwezoqoqosho ehlabathini lonke. Udityaniso lwezakhiwo eziqinileyo zomthetho, amaqonga obugcisa obufana neGeM, kunye nolawulo lobuququzeleli luye lwanciphisa ngokulula ukurhwaphiliza, ixabiso elinyusiweyo lemali, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba komthengisi. Noko ke, umsebenzi awugqitywanga. Isigaba esilandelayo sotshintsho kufuneka sijolise kulwakhiwo olufana nolwakhiwo oluqinileyo, kunye nobugcisa obuphambili obusetyenziswayo obufana ne-Alum kunye nobuchule bokuzinzisa i-ankile ukuze kuhlale phambili kuyingozi ehambayo.

Njengoko i-Indiya iqhubeka ifaka imali kwisiseko, kwimpilo, nakukhuseleko, ukuphumelela nokuthembeka kokuthengwa kwayo nguwonke-wonke kuya kugqiba ngokucacileyo ukuba ezi ngeniso zinika uluntu inzuzo enkulu. Iinkqubo sele zinika isiseko esiqinileyo; ngokuxhasa okuqhubekayo kwezobupolitika kunye nokugxininisa kolawulo, ziyakwazi ukuvelisa ukubonakala okungakumbi nokuphumelela okungakumbi kwiminyaka ezayo.

Iimbekiselo Nokufunda Okungakumbi