Inkokeli ye-gubernator ingunobangela ophambili wemigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu ebumba imeko yezoqoqosho yeli lizwe. Nyaka ngamnye, abalawuli bacebisa ukuba kwenziwe uqingqo-mali, ukuhlawulwa okanye ukutyobela amatyala erhafu, kwaye bamisela indlela yokuqhuba iingxwabangxwaba kwiindlu zabo zikarhulumente. Izigqibo zabo ngexabiso lerhafu, ukuhlawula iityala, nokungahlawulwa kwerhafu, zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ushishino lwerhafu, ingeniso yasekhaya, kunye nomgangatho wenkonzo kawonke-wonke. Ukuqonda impembelelo yempembelelo ye-gabernernator kuyimfuneko kubemi, abatyali beminye abatshayo, nabenzi bemithetho abafuna ukucinga iinguqu kumhlaba wabo werhafuwo yabo.

Igunya loMgaqo-siseko Namandla Asebenzisekayo ERhuluneli Ekuhlawuleni Irhafu

Igunya lerhuluneli kumgaqo-siseko werhafu liqala ngomgaqo-siseko wesizwe. Inkoliso yabalawuli inegunya lokucebisa ngoqingqo-mali, olusebenza njengesiseko sayo yonke irhafu nokuchitha izigqibo. Esi sicelo soqingqo-mali sichaza izinto ezilindelwe ngurhulumente kunye nezinto eziza kuqala, ngokufuthi kuquka iinguqu ezithile zerhafu efuna ukuphunyezwa. Ngoxa iintsebenziswa-mthetho-siseko zinegunya elipheleleyo lokudlulisela umthetho werhafu, abalawuli basebenzisa izixhobo ezibalulekileyo ukubumba iziphumo.

I-Vito Amandla kunye ne-Vitoes ye-layini

Mhlawumbi isixhobo esibaluleke kakhulu se-fiscal yi-veto. Kwilizwe ngalinye ngaphandle komNtla Carolina, irhuluneli ingawandulula amatyala adluliswe yindlu yowiso-mthetho. Ukuqhuba iveto ngokwesiqhelo kufuna isibini sesithathu se-matority, enqabileyo kumagumbi akwahlulweyo. Irula uninzi lwezilawuli lukwanegunya lokulawula imigca-'into', elibavumela ukuba babethe umntu ngamnye ochitha izinto okanye amalungiselelo erhafuthelwe irhafu enkulu ngaphandle kokulahla yonke ipakethiso. Eli gunya linika irhuluneli enkulu engxoweni yoqingqo-mali ngexesha lombano. Umzekelo, iGarheshoneli uAndrence Cuomo wase New York wasebenzisa igunya lakhe lomgca wento efuna ukuphatha irhafuthelo kwaye acunyule irhafu ecinga ukuba ingahoyiki.

Imigaqo yegunya negunya lolawulo

Ngaphezu kwenkqubo yowiso-mthetho, abalawuli bangaphembelela inkqubo yerhafu ngemiyalelo yerhafu yolawulo oluphezulu kunye nokubekwa kolawulo. Amasebe erhafu karhulumente asebenza phantsi kwesebe eliphetheyo, ngoko irhuluneli ingayichaza indlela imithetho yerhafu etolikwa ngayo kwaye inyanzeliswe ngayo. Iinguqu ekwahlulelwano lwabasebenzi (ii-ofisi yempangelo yengqesho ezimeleyo) okanye ingcaciso yerhafu yengeniso yenkampani yimizekelo apho ukhokelo lolawulo lunokuba nempembelelo efanayo notshintsho lomthetho. Oku kusemva kwegunya lerhafu kusoloko kuqwalaselwe kodwa kunokuthi kube yinkqele njengentlawulo lwerhafu.

Indlela Uqingqo - mali Oluza Kuqala Ngayo Kubantu Abanemizimba Ephakamileyo

Uqingqo-mali lwezorhulumente luyinkcazelo ephambili, yaye uqingqo-mali olucetyiweyo yiyo le njongo. Ukwabiwa kwerhafu phakathi kwemfundo, ukunyamekela impilo, izibonelelo, nokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke kubonisa umbono werhuluneli kwiphondo. Irhuluneli exhasa ukuhla kwerhafu iya kunciphisa ingeniso efumanekayo kurhulumente, ngoxa lowo uxhasa irhafu ephezulu kubantu abazizityebi okanye kwimibutho efuna ukuxhasa iinkqubo ezintsha ezifuna ingeniso.

Imfundo neeNkonzo zoLuntu

Ngokomzekelo, abalawuli ababeka imali ephambili kwinkxaso-mali basoloko bexhasa ingeniso ephezulu enjengokunyuka kwerhafu yempahla okanye unyuso lwerhafu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, abo bajolise ekukhuphiseni irhafu yengeniso basenokunyanzela ukuncitshiswa kwerhafu yengeniso enokuthi ngexesha elinye inciphise ukukhula koqingqo-mali. Ukubala kwezobupolitika kukungabinamdla: abavoti baxhasa iirhafu ezisezantsi kodwa bafune ukuba izikolo eziphezulu kunye neendlela. Irhuluneli kufuneka zilawule ezi minqweno ingqubanayo, kunye nohlobo lwenkokheli yabo lwerhafu okanye i-aflitived [FFFFOLD]

Ulawulo noshishino

Ukusetyenziswa kwemali yerhafu yequmrhu kungummandla apho kukhethwa khona iinkqubo zerhafu ezilawula irhafu. Ngokuchasene noko, iGreg Abcott yaseTexas icebisa ukuba inyuse irhafu yepetroli okanye izalisekise iindleko ezintsha zothutho. Umzekelo, ngo- 2015, iGunya elinguJerry Brown waseCalifornia lasayina ipake lerhafu yepetroli yanda ukuxhasa inkqubo yesiseko solawulo lwezezimali, ixhasa ukuchaswa kwemithetho-mthetho. Ngokuchasene noko, iGreggraf Abbatt yaseTexas isoloko ingafuni ukuncitshiswa kwerhafu yerhafu yerhasi, ikhetha ukuxhomekeka kwingeniso ekhoyo kunye nemali yolawulo. Oku kunyuko kungenelwa kwegosajini ephumayo kwintanda-ftware nganye emalunga nendima karhulumente nerhafu.

Umgaqo - siseko Werhafu Njengendlela Yokulawula Ezobupolitika

Abalawuli abaninzi, inkqubo yerhafu ayingokulungelelanisa uqingqo-mali olunomlinganiselo werhafu, kodwa luphawu oluphambili lwezopolitiko. Ukugawulwa kwerhafu kusenokuba lidinga elinamandla, kwaye ukumiswa kwabo kudla ngokuvelisa imixholo ephambili ekhuthaza irejista yemvume yerhuluneli. Ngokufanayo, ukwanda kwerhafu yongeniso lukawonke-wonke kunokuqinisa inkxaso phakathi kwemibutho engundoqo yabafundisi-mfundo, abasebenzi bezonyango, okanye abaxhasi beenkonzo.

Isibheno Sokugawula Irhafu

Ukucheba okutsala amashishini kunye nabantu abanomnatha ophezulu. Amazwe anjengeFlorida, iTexas, kunye neTennessee akha imizekelo yawo yezoqoqosho ngokungabinayo irhafu karhulumente, kunye neerhuluneli zabo ezikhutheleyo zentengiso eziluncedo. IRhuluneli Ron DeSantins yaseFlorida, umzekelo, isoloko ibalaselisa imekobume esezantsi yerhafu njengesizathu sokufuduka kwekomkhulu lekomkhulu ukusuka kumazwe aphezulu erhafu. Noko ke, urhwebo-okanye ukuba la mazwe kufuneka axhomekeke kakhulu kwirhafu yentengiso, enokuthi iphinde iphinde isetyenziswe, okanye ihambe phambili kwiinkonzo ezithile zikawonke-wonke.

Iingozi Zerhafu Ziyanda

Ukwandisa iirhafu kuyingozi ngokwezobupolitika, kodwa abanye abalawuli baye baphumelela ngokudibanisa ulwando lwenjongo ekhethekileyo neqhelekileyo. IRhuluneli uJared Polis yaseColorado yaxhasa umlinganiselo welotiti ukuze yandise irhafu yecuba, iphawula ingeniso yezonyango nemfundo. Ngenxa yokuba le sicelo samiselwa njengenyathelo loluntu lokuxhasa impilo, ngokuxhasa i-bipartan. Ngokukwanjalo, iRhuluneli uPhil Murphy yaseNew Jersey yanyanzela irhafutheza irhafu yezigidi zerhafu karhulumente ukuze ihlawule irhafu yabasebenzi basekuhlaleni, isithi urhulumente akanakukwazi ukuhlawula iimfuno zayo ngaphandle kwentlawulo olungakumbi kubemi abatyebileyo. Ulawulo lwezopolitiko lwayedwa ngokwahlukeneyo, kodwa umlawuli kaMurphy ungenelela irhafu yerhafu njengenkupho yakhe yenkonzo yemali exhasa intlawulo.

Irhafu Ikhuthaza Uphuhliso Lwezoqoqosho

Esinye isixhobo esiqhelekileyo sokulungisa irhafu kukusetyenziswa kwezikhuthazo zerhafu ezijoliswe kuyo ukutsala amashishini athile. Amatyala okuveliswa kwefilimu, uphando kunye nokurhoxiswa kwerhafu, kunye nokudalwa kwemisebenzi ziyinxalenye yesixhobo sokuphuhlisa izoqoqosho. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi ezi njongo zingenza “uhlanga oluya ezantsi” apho amazwe akhuphisana nentlalo-ntle encinane. Noko ke, iijaji zisoloko ziwakhusela njengayimfuneko ukukhuphisana noqoqosho lwehlabathi lonke. I-tracte Foundation imisela iinkqubo zerhafu nempumelelo yawo ([[FLT:]] Tax Foundation: Inteventives [[FLT])] Inteventives [FLT]].

Uhlolisiso Lwamatyala Obupolisa Berhafu Obuphawulekayo

Imizekelo yehlabathi yokwenene ibonisa impembelelo enzulu enokubakho kwinkqubo yerhafu karhulumente. La matyala alandelayo abalaselisa impumelelo nokungaphumeleli.

Ulingelo Lwerhafu LwaseSam Brownback

IRhuluneli Sam Brownback yaseKansas (2018) yalandela enye yezicwangciso zerhafu ezinzima kwimbali yale mihla. Ngo-2012 no-2013, yasayina umthetho wokuphelisa irhafu ehlawulwayo kwaye yasusa irhafu edlulayo kwingeniso yeshishini. Injongo echaziweyo yayikukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezoqoqosho ngamandla kangangokuba ekugqibeleni ingeniso iphinde ibhaliswe. Endaweni yoko, urhulumente wajongane noqingqo-mali olungapheliyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunqumleni kwimfundo nakwisiseko semali. Ngo-201717, i-yasethi yovote ukubuyisela umva irhafutho kuMba kaBrown'sback. Uvavanyo lucacingwe ngokubanziswe kakhulu ngabaceli betyala malunga nolawulo lwerhafu yerhafu ([FL: 0]

Ubuchule Bokuphatha ObungooJerry Brown EKhalifoniya

IRhuluneli uJerry Brown (2011-2019) yathatha isikhundla njengoko iKhalifoniya yayivela ekurhoxeni kwemali enzima. Waxhasa unyuko lwerhafu yexeshana kwingeniso ephezulu yabangenisi (Isivumelwano sama-30 ngo-2012), ebangela ukuba amawaka ezigidi zemali ihlawule kwaye ivumela urhulumente ukuba ahlawule amatyala aze aphinde ahlawule irhafu emali yesikolo kunye neenkonzo zentlalo-ntle. UBrown Brown wakhupha izibharn intlu-mali ezininzi ezinokuthi zifake iimali ezithengwayo, inyanzelo lomthetho wemali ephezulu ekhontsweni. Ukhokelo lwakhe lwaguqula imali yeKhalifoni idiyo yonke yayaneyiquka ukuhlawula okuzinzileyo. Kodwa ke, abagxeki-mali ephambili yerhafuthelo-mali yemali yemali yephondo lorhulumente i-Brown.

Iinsumetriouding rhass ka - Asa Hutchinson eArkansas

IRhuluneli Asa Hutchinson (2015-2023) yeArkansas ngokwendlela yanciphisa umlinganiselo ophezulu werhafu karhulumente othabathela kwingeniso ephezulu ukusuka ku-7% ukuya ku-5.5% kwintlawulo yakhe. Wadibanisa ezi ziqendu ngonyuso lwerhafu yentengiso nerhafu yeshishini ukuze afezekise ukulahlekelwa kwengeniso. UHutchinson waphikisa ukuba irhafu ephantsi yerhafu ingenza i-Arkansas akhuphisane nabamelwane bakhe. Indlela efakelweyo ivumela uqingqo-mali ukuba lulungelelanise, kwaye urhulumente olondolo lwemali lugcinwe kwimfundo nakwindlela yoohola bemali. Olu cwangciso lubonisa indlela irhuluneli enokuthi ngayo ifumane ngayo utshintsho lwexesha elide lokwakha ngaphandle kwesakhiwo esiphawulekayo esibonwa eKansani.

Indlela I-Greyithali echaphazela ngayo uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho nokuzinziswa kwengeniso

Iziphumo zexesha elide zemigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu esetyenziswa ngurhulumente ziyabonakala kumlinganiselo wokwanda, umlinganiselo womanyano, kunye nenkqubo yamanani abantu. Ilizwe elinabaphathi abagcina iinkqubo zerhafu ezizinzileyo, ezithe ngqo, ezithe ngqo, lityekele ekutsaleni utyalo-mali oluninzi. Ngokuchasene noko, imigaqo yerhafu esoloko ikho ibangela ukungaqiniseki okunokuthi kudimaze izibopho zexesha elide.

Uzinzo lweziko lubaluleke kakhulu kuqingqo-mali lukarhulumente, olumele luxhase iinkonzo ngemijikelo yezoqoqosho. Irhuluneli ethe yafumana ingeniso ekhawulezileyo kwimithombo yengeniso."njengokufumana irhafu yekomkhulu okanye irhafu yenkampani engaphandle, ingazifumana inyanzelekile ukuba ibangele umva wobunzima ngexesha lokwehla kwemali. Iijaji eziqikelezelelwayo zisoloko zakha iindawo ezigciniweyo (imali yemini eninzi) kwaye zinyusa irhafuthelo. I-ntengiso yaseCalifornia yayingumxhasi onamandla wokusondela kule ndlela, ishiye iofisi eneminqonqongo ebhaliweyo eyanceda imo yemozulu ye-CHOVID-19 engenawombeyivile enkulu.

Kwelinye icala, abalawuli abacebisa ukuba kugawulwe irhafu enkulu, ekhawulezileyo ngaphandle kokunikwa intlawulo bangathob'isidima setyala lelizwe. Ukuhlola rhoqo ulawulo lwezombuso nomgangatho wolawulo lwePhoor, kwaye ukuthoba kwabo kunganyusa iindleko zokuboleka kwiprojekthi yesiseko. Izigqibo zemithetho yerhafu zinokuba neziphumo ezihlala zingaphaya kwethuba labo.

Ukudibana phakathi kweeRhuluneli noMthetho kaRhulumente

Inkqubo yerhafu ayifane ibe ngumboniso omnye. Abalawuli kufuneka bathethe neendlu zowiso-mthetho, ezisoloko zinobuchule bazo bokwabelana ngezopolitiko. Urhulumente owahlulwe-'drustra'). Xa irhuluneli yeyombutho omnye okanye yomibini amagumbi alawulwa ngomnye, ngokuyintlupheko yerhafu.

Urhulumente owahluleleneyo nomthwalo othe tye

Xa amaqela engavumelani ngemigaqo yerhafu, iziphumo zingaba yintlontso-mbini. Umzekelo, iRhuluneli Gretchen Whitmer yaseMichigan (Democrat) ekuqaleni yacebisa ukuba i-45-senti ngerhafu yelitha yolwahlulo lwerhafu yolwahlulo lwerhafu ilungise imigwagwa, kodwa indlu yowiso-mthetho elawulwa yiRiphabliki yalahliswa. Emva kweenyanga zokuxolelwa, ulalana kwafikelelwa kwirhafu encinane yerhafu nethulelo legesi. Le ndlela yokunyuka iqhelekile kulawulo lwahlukeneyo, kwaye inkqubo yokugqibela yerhafu isoloko ibonisa ukubhinqiswa kwemiciso yezo yezopolitiki kusenokunganiswa kwentelo eluncedo kwezobupolitika kunokuba kucwangciso lokusebenza.

Iimfuno zoMlawuli oPhakamileyo

Amanye amaphondo anyanzelisa iimfuno ezinkulu zerhafu zonyuko----2-3 imvume kwigumbi ngalinye ukwenzela nayiphi na ingeniso entsha. Oku kunika iqaqobana labamisi-mthetho, okanye irhuluneli ukuba baxhasa abambalwa, indawo enamandla yokuvala. EKhalifoniya, imfuneko yokuvota isithathu sonyuko lwerhafu ikhokelele ekuthembeni kakhulu kwinyathelo eliphambili lovoti ye-othodoli egunyaziweyo ukunyusa irhafu. Ukhokelo lwe-garnator kumaphondo anjalo lufuna ukwakha imibutho athendeleko ahlala abantu abaninzi, kunye namaqela amabini anomdla kunye nezixhobo zokugcina ulwazi.

Impembelelo Yemida Yexesha Elitsha Negunya Lezobupolitika

Ixesha lerhuluneli liphembelela ngamandla ukhetho lwayo lwerhafu. Irhuluneli kumaphondo ajongene nemida ingaziva zinyanzelekile ukwenza iinguqu ezikhawulezileyo, ngeli xesha ezo zifanelekileyo zonyulo kwakhona zinokuthatha umlinganiselo othe kratya. Ngaphezu koko, abalawuli abanomnqweno wesizwe basenokusebenzisa inkqubo yerhafu ukuze bakhe udumo olunomtsalane kubaphulaphuli bezobupolitika besizwe.

Ngokomzekelo, iRhuluneli uRon Desantis waseFlorida isoloko iphepha nayiphina irhafu ehlasimlisiweyo, kwanaxa kukho isifo, ukutshisa isiqinisekiso sakhe esingesosidala. IGawula uGavin Newsom waseKhalifoniya, oqwalaselwe ngokuba ngumongameli wexesha elizayo, uye wamkela umxube werhafu ephezulu kwizityebi kwaye wandisa ityala kwiintsapho ezifumana imali ephantsi, ezizibeka njengenye yenkqubela phambili. Ezi zigqibo ziquluko zibonisa ukuba inkqubo yerhafu yerhafu yegosa idla ngokuba yi-gatorial.

Ikamva Lomgaqo-nkqubo Werhafu Oyingcambu Kwixesha Lokungaqiniseki

Utshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo werhafu karhulumente eWashington lwenza omabini amathuba kunye nocelomngeni kubalawuli. Umthetho weTcoox nemisebenzi ka-2017 (TCJA) wakhupha uhlaziyo lwerhafu yorhulumente kunye nerhafu yobulali (SAT) kwi-R9 000, ukuxhobisa abalawuli kumaphondo aphezulu njengeNew York ne-Illinois ukuhlolisisa imisebenzi efana nokudlula kwirhafu yento nganye. Ukupheliswa kwamalungiselelo angundoqo eTCJA ngo-2025 kuya kunyanzela abalawuli ukuba bahlolisise imigaqo yabo yerhafu, ingakumbi ukuba intengiso karhulumente ithe yanyuka kunye nengeniso yemali karhulumente iyachaphazeleka.

Ukongezelela, intsingiselo yomsebenzi owenzelwe kude ikhulise ukhuphiswano lwephondo lwekomkhulu lengingqi kunye nabemi abafumana imali eninzi. IGavera-mikhosi iya isebenzisa izikhuthazo zerhafu eziphathekayo (njengetyala lomsebande) kunye nemithetho ephoxekileyo yokufumana irhafu kubasebenzi abahamba ngeetrafiki. Ikamva lisenokuba lifuna uvavanyo olungakumbi ngeenkonzo zamanani, iirhafu zekharbon, nezinye iirhafu zemali ezincinane ezinokubunjwa kakhulu.

Isiphelo

Ukhokelo lwerhafu olukwindawo ephakamileyo, olulawulayo alungomnye uthunywashe phakathi kwabaninzi abakwinkqubo yerhafu karhulumente. Ngokucebisa ngemiqathango yoqingqo-mali, ngezamandla, ngezenzo zolawulo, nangemimiselo yezopolitiko, iirhuluneli zibumba iinkqubo zerhafu ezixhasa izikolo, iindlela, kunye nenkxalabo yezempilo. Iinketho zabo ekunciphiseni irhafu, ukwanda, kunye nempembelelo engqalileyo yempembelelo yezoqoqosho kunye nokusasazwa kwengeniso. Njengoko amazwe ejongene neengcinezelo zoqingqomthetho karhulumente, ukutshintsha kwezoqoqosho, kunye nenkqubo yezemali, iya kuba sesona sikhulu. Nabani na oxhalana ngempumelelo yephondo nokungalinganiswa kwentlawulo, ukuqonda impembelelo yomntu kwi-ofisi yerhuluneli.