Uncedo lwamanye amazwe (-----aluququzelela uncedo olusemthethweni lophuhliso (ODA), isiqabuliso sobuntu, kunye nobuchule bokusebenzisana , zihlala zisesona siseko semigudu yokuphuhlisa izizwe ngezizwe. Amazwe asebenza kunye nawo afaka ii-dola zemali ezingamawaka ezigidi ngonyaka elindele ukuba ezi mali ziza kukhuthaza ulwando lwezoqoqosho, zinciphise ubuhlwempu, ziphucule impilo nemfundo, kwaye ekugqibeleni zincede amazwe amkelayo abe ngamazwe abezibonelelo lwawo ngokwawo. Kodwa ukuguqulela iinjongo ezifanelekileyo kwiziphumo ezifanelekileyo kwinkqubela-mali. Ukuphumelela kweenkqubo zoncedo lwamanye amazwe akuxhomekekanga nje kuphela kwimali kodwa kuxhomekeke kwindlela ephumelelayo elawulwa ngayo, kwaye kuxhomekeke kwindlela echanakele ngayo kwiimeko, kwiimeko ezicebisi, nakwiinkqubo zokubonelela ukuphumelela, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ukuvavanywa kwemiqatha, ukusetyenziswa kwemiqatha kwendlela yokusebenza kwamazwe angaphandle, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zamazwe angaphandle, ukusetyenziswa koncedo, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zenkqubela-ondondondonga.

Iziphumo ezingundoqo zoncedo lwangaphandle

Amazwe axhomekeke kwiseti ebanzi yemiba ebanzi kunye neempawu zokufumanisa ukuba uncedo luyalufikelela na usukelo lwawo. Ezi zibonisi zinika ixesha lezoqoqosho, lentlalo, lentlalo, kunye nemilinganiselo yokusingqongileyo. Ngelixesha kungekho mqukumbelo mnye enokufumana impembelelo epheleleyo yenkqubo yoncedo oluthatha iminyaka emininzi, ukudityaniswa kwezibonisi ezinyuliweyo zinika umzobo wenkqubela-phambili.

Ukwanda Kwezoqoqosho Nokuncitshiswa Kwamahlwempu

Izalathisi zezoqoqosho zihlala zisengundoqo ekuxilongweni koncedo. Amasebe asebenza ngokulandelela utshintsho lwemveliso yasekhaya eninzi (GDP) kumntu ngamnye, kumlinganiselo wemisebenzi, nakumgangatho wengeniso. Ukwanda kwe-GDP okudlula imiqondiso yokwanda kwabemi enokuba negalelo ekuqhubekekeni kwezoqoqosho. Ngokunjalo, ukuncitshiswa kwepesenti yabantu abahlala ngaphantsi komgca wobuhlwempu wehlabathi lonke ("iiiiR2,15) ngosuku.5 ngokwendlela echaphazelekayo kwezoqoqosho. Noko ke, ukulumkisa oombangili bemali abanokubonelela ukuba amanani okukhula okungalinganiyo anokukhutshwa okukhula okuzinzileyo. Ngenxa yoko, abani bahlola iGiniconties kunye novavanyo lwendlu ukuze baqinisekise ukuba abaswele ngokwenene bangenelwe ekukhuleni. Iinkqubo ezikhuthaza urhwebo lwasekuhlaleni, ezorhwebo, kunye nokufikelela kwemali ezithengisweni zentengiso ezisekelwe kwimisebenzi esekelwe kwinani elincinane elikhoyo.

Impilo Nezondlo Zibakho

Inkqubela-phambili yempilo iphakathi kwezona ziphawuli zicacileyo nezilandelelanayo zempumelelo yoncedo. Undoqo kwinani labafayo abangaphantsi kwesihlanu, ukufa komama, kunye neziphumo zezifo ezinokuthintelwa ezifana nemalariya, isifo sephepha neHIV/AIDS zisoloko zijongwa. Izixhobo zokugoma ezilungiselelwe ukukhusela iintsapho ezikhuselekileyo zisetyenziswa ekufumaneni umlinganiselo wendlela yokufumana amanzi akhuselekileyo abonisa ukufikelela ngqo kwinkqubo. Kwakhona amazwe ajonge utshintsho kubomi beminyaka yobomi kunye nokukhubazeka okulula (ALY) ukuvavanya iziphumo zempilo. Umzekelo, inani labantwana abafumana amachiza asisiseko okanye amanani eentsapho afumaneka ngokufumaneka ngokukhuselekileyo kuleyo nkqubo yokusela ngokukhuselekileyo.

Imfundo neKomkhulu loluntu

Izalathisi zemfundo zilinganisa unyuko lwemfundo nomgangatho. Amaqondo okuya kungena ezikolweni, ingakumbi kumantombazana, ziziphumo eziqhelekileyo. Noko ke, abanikeli bagxininisa iziphumo zokufunda: uvavanyo lokufunda nokubhala nokubhala, amaqondo okugqiba, kunye nokutshintsha kwemfundo. Iinkqubo ezithi abafundisi-zoqeqesho, ukwakha amagumbi okufundela, okanye ukunikezela ngemfundo zihlolwe ngamandla abo okunyusa imfundo epheleleyo kwaye, okubaluleke ngakumbi, ukuxhobisa abafundi ngobuchule obunxulumene norhwebo lwemarikethengi. Icandelo loPhuliso loluntu lokuSebe lidibanisa imfundo, impilo, kunye nengeniso, ukubonelela umlinganiselo odityaniselwa kwemfundo epheleleyo. Ngokuthe kokugqibela, ukufikelela kwemfundo yemfundo kusukelo lwe-4, kunye nomlinganiselo ozii-Genearchities, i-Dinerty

Ulawulo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziko

Abasebenzi baqaphela ngokukhulayo ukuba uncedo luxhomekeke kumandla amaziko asekuhlaleni. Izalathiso kulo mmandla ziquka ukuncitshiswa kolwaneliseko lwengqiqo, inkqubela kulawulo lwemali kawonke-wonke, ukomelezwa komthetho, nokubonakala ngakumbi koqingqo-mali. Iinkqubo ezixhasa utshintsho lomthetho, amaziko alwa nobohlulo-mthetho, okanye ulawulo loluntu zivavanywa ngotshintsho lolawulo lwezibonelelo olulungiselelwe yimiqathango yezolawulo lwemibutho elungiselelwe yimibutho elungiselelwe yiBhanki yehlabathi Lonke njengeebhanki yoLawulo lwehlabathi okanye i-Translatement International. Kwakhona uDonors uhlola amandla oorhulumente okwamkela ubuchule bokwenza icebo, ukuphumeza, kwaye uvavanya ubuchule babo bokuphuhlisa. Xa uncedo lusetyenziswa ngokuxhasa uqingqohlalo lwemali, abasebenzi ababonelelayo abasebenzi be-macculty.

Ukulingana Kwezizwe nomanyano

Ukulingana kwamabhinqa kuye kwaba yinjongo enqumla amazwe amaninzi anikelayo. Iinkqubo zivavanywa ngempembelelo yawo ekwakheni amandla ezoqoqosho, ukuthathi-nxaxheba kwezobupolitika, nokufikelela kwiinkonzo. Isibonisi esifana nokwabelana kwamabhinqa emsebenzini ohlawulwayo, ukwanda kogonyamelo olusekelwe kumabhinqa, kwaye inani lamabhinqa asepalamente lisetyenziselwa ukulandelela inkqubela. Ukuququzelela intlalo engaphaya kwe-Phondo ukuquka amaqela esizwe, abantu abaneziphene, kunye nabantu abafudukayo. Abasebenzi basebenzisa “ukungafaki nto eyingozi” kwaye bahlola ukuba ngaba iinkqubo zoncedo zikho ubufana obukhoyo. I-OECD i-Genexmationsssss, isalathi ye-Genederensformation kunye nesixhobo se-UN sezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ii-compusttings.

Ulondolozo lwemeko-bume

Ngokutshintsha kwemozulu kusesongelo olukhulayo kwinkqubela phambili, abanikeli bahlola ukuba iprojekthi zoncedo zinegalelo kugcino-mekobume. Izalathiso ziquka ukuncitshiswa kwekharbon, ihekthare zehlathi elibuyiselwe okanye elikhuselweyo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla avuselelwayo, kunye nokuzinziswa kwemozulu eshantileyo. Amazwe amaninzi anikelayo afuna uhlolo lwemekobume phambi kokuxhasa iprojekthi ezinkulu zezekomelezo. I-Paris Regionation kunye neNkqubano yokuPhumeza Inkqubela ye-yoMbango ye-13 ityhafellos. Iinkqubo ezithi ezithi zifumana imo yemozulu okanye ukunciphisa intlekele zixabisekelwe kakhulu.

Imisebenzi yesakhelo kunye neencwadi zesikhokelo

Ukukhetha izibonisi ezilungileyo kuyinxalenye yocelomngeni. Amazwe anikela uncedo akwasebenzisa iindlela zokuhlola ezingqongqo ukusungula uqhagamshelwano phakathi koncedo kunye neziphumo eziphawulweyo. Indlela yokukhetha ixhomekeke kwindlela ekhoyo yenkqubo, ubukho bogcino-lwazi, nenjongo yohlolo.

Imida yovavanyo lwe-OECD DAC

I-OECD Development Committee yoNcedo (DAC) imisele imilinganiselo emithandathu yokuhlola esetyenziswa ngokubanzi yi-biverdal kunye ne-averthemin : "Uncedo, ukuphumelela, ukuphumelela, isiphumo, kunye nokuzinziswa. [] i-levince[[[[FLT:]]] ihlola ukuba iidilesi zenkqubo zifumana iimfuno zokwenene. [[FLT:] [FFFF]] zithelekisa iiziphumo zemisebenzi.[FFT] [FFT] [ect:]] unikezelo oluthelelweyo luye luye luye luye luye luye luye luye luye lufumane ncedo oluninzi.[FFFFFF] luye luye luye luye luye luyelele ukunikezela.[11]

Iimvavanyo Ezilawulwa Ngokungakhethiyo (Ii-RCT)

RCT, ibolekwe kuphando lwezamayeza, iye yaba ngumgangatho wegolide wokuqwalasela iziphumo zongenelelo oluthile loncedo, ezifana nokugqithiselwa kwemali, iinkqubo zokuthoba, okanye iinkqubo ezincinane ezikhoyo. KwiRCT, abamkeli banikwe ubuchule kwiqela lonyango (ofumana uncedo) kunye neqela elilawulayo (olungakhange). Ngokuthelekisa iziphumo, abahloli bangakhetha iziphumo zocwangciso kwezinye izinto. Ngelixa i-RCTTS inika ubungqina obuqinileyo bobugxwayiba bobugxwayiba, zibiza imali, zifuna ngenkani, kwaye maxa ziphakamisa imibuzo engoko ngengenelo lokuzihluba. Zikwasebenza kakuhle ngenxa yokungenelwa, ukungenelwa okuninzi, kuneenkqubo ezintsonkothile. [[FLD]

Indleko-indawo yokulungisa kunye nohlalutyo lwendleko

Abanikazi bafumana ixabiso-lensi yemali ngokuqhubekayo, bethelekisa amaxabiso ongenelo ngokuchasene neziphumo zayo. Oku kuhlahlela-ndleko-kwexabiso lexabiso le-CBA Isebenzisa kunye nenzuzo zombini ukubala ixabiso lomnatha okhoyo okanye ingeniso-mali. Uhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali lwexabiso (I-CA) endaweni yoko lulinganisa ixabiso leyunithi yesiphumo sesiphumo, njengo-irandi nganye yobomi bomntwana obhalisiweyo. Ezi zinkcitho zoncedo ziphezulu phakathi kokusebenzisa imali elinganiselweyo. Umzekelo, [[FLT: 0] unika iHeight [[FL:1] umqwalaseli] usebenzisa iindleko-ethelekelelo lwemali eluncedo kakhulu. Noko ke, ukukhuthaza iinkonzo (g., ixabiso lobomi obunee, okanye ukuphicotha konyaka wonyaka ongonyaka othekiselwayo, unakho ukumelana nenkcutho yemfundo nemeko.

Iindlela Zokuthabatha Inxaxheba Nezokuxuba

Iindlela zobuncutshe azinakukwazi ukuthatha ukuntsonkotha kotshintsho lwentlalo. Amazwe ancedisayo adibanisa iindlela zokudibanisa uhlolo olufana namaqela ajolisekileyo, udliwano-ndlebe olungundoqo, kunye nolugocagoci oluphambili lwasemaphandleni. Ezi ndlela zinika ilizwi kubaxhamli kwaye zinokuvumbulula iziphumo ezingacwangciswanga, imiqobo, okanye uphuhliso lwasekuhlaleni oluthi luphoswe ngamanani. Ukuxuba uhlolo oludityaniswe kunye nohlolo oluphakathi komdla wokuveza ukuqonda okuchuliweyo ngendlela enokwenziwa ngayo inkqubo (okanye ayisebenzanga). Ukukhuthaza ukukhuthaza uluntu lwasekuhlaleni ukuba luchaze oko kuthethwa kuko, ukuphucula ubunikazi noncedo. [[FLT:] uphando olungcono]

Ukuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi, uHlomelo, kunye nokuBekwa kweNgxelo

Umlinganiselo osebenzayo uxhomekeke kugcino-lwazi oluthembekileyo nolufike ngexesha. Amazwe anikela iinkonzo zokuhlola iinkqubo ezifumana igalelo, iziphumo, kunye neziphumo kulo lonke ucwangciso lwebhayisekile.

Iinkqubo zogcino-lwazi lwexesha lokwenene

Ukujonga okuqhelekileyo okuxhomekeke kuhlolo lwaminyaka le kunye neengxelo zokubuya umva. Namhlanje, abanikeli abaninzi bezixhobo zokusebenzisa iselula, intelekelelo yesatellite, kunye neebhodi ezisekelwe kumafu ukuqokelela ugcino-lwazi ngexesha lokwenene. Umzekelo, iGPS ilandela uphatho lweminxeba exhotyisiweyo yeminxeba ezenzekelayo, uhlolo-magama evela kubaxhamli, kunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo yamaqhinga okulima ivumela abanikeli ukubona ukuba iprojelo zihambele phambili kwiengxaki. Ezi nkqubo zogcino-data zivelisa kufuphi nobuchule obulungelelanisayo. Kodwa zifuna utyalo lwemali olubalulekileyo kwisakhiwo, uqeqesho, uqeqesho, kunye nogcino-data lwe-data. Njenge-US. Arhente ye-Intervelopment (USID) iphuhlise iqongalogoshophu yemi yolwazi [FFFlop]

IMithetho yeSithathu yoPhicotho-zincwadi noNxibelelwano oluzinzileyo

Ukugcina intelekelelo, amazwe amaninzi anikezela nge-ofisi yovavanyo oluzimeleyo okanye iifekta zokucebisana ngokuzenzekelayo. Icandelo lesithathu linciphisa ubungozi bolu khethe kunye nolwandiso lwabaphulaphuli basekhaya kunye nezizwe ngezizwe. I-Inter-American Development Bank of Surment Office of Suright ngumzekelo omnye wovavanyo lwangaphakathi kodwa oluzimeleyo. Abanye abanikeli, njengoMphathiswa we-UK'Sreviend & Development Office (FDO), bafuna ukuba zonke iprojekthi ezingundoqo zihambele inkqubo “ngendlela yolwahlulo ”. Olu hlolisiso ludla ngokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi, ukunikela ubungqina obusehlabathini kwisiseko sophuhliso lwemisebenzi.

Iizibuko ezicace gca kunye nogcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukunyanzelisa ukuvela koncedo kukhokhele abanikezeli ukuba bapapashe iinkcukacha ezineenkcukacha zemali yabo kunye neziphumo zeprojekthi. InternationalAF IFUDITITITINATIA (INGATI) umgangatho uvumela abanikezeli, iNGOs, kunye noorhulumente ukuba bapapashe ugcino-lwazi olulinganayo oluhambayo, imisebenzi, kunye neziphumo. Amazwe afana ne-Netherlands, Sweden, kunye no-United Kingdom aye abophelele ukunikela ingxelo echaza i-data ezimeleyo kunye neendawo ezichaphakileyo. Abaphengululi kunye namaqela abantu banokusebenzisa le nkcazelo ekhululekileyo ukuqhuba iziphumo ezizimeleyo. Ukubonisa ngaphaya kokuchasana, ukuphucula iziphumo, kodwa kubangela uxinzelelo lwenzelo lwempumelelo kunye nokuphumelela.

Ucelomngeni Lokuphumelela

Nangona zintsonkothile iindlela zokuhlolisisa ezi nyani, amazwe anikelayo ajamelana nemiqobo engapheliyo ukuze ahlole indlela olusebenza ngayo uncedo lwamanye amazwe.

Inkcazo Nezinto Ezichaseneyo

Olunye ucelomngeni olunzima kukufumanisa ukuba inkqubela-phambili ejongiweyo ibangelwa yinkqubo yoncedo. Izinto ezininzi ziphembelela ukuphuhliswa kweprojekthi, inkcazo yasekhaya, imozulu, amaxabiso empahla yehlabathi lonke (ukuthi kuyenze kube nzima ukukhulula iziphumo zoncedo. Kwanaxa kulawulwa ngokungalindelekanga, ukufezekisa okungaphandle kulinganiselweyo: inkqubo esebenza kumo womnye umxholo ingangaphumeleli kwenye. Abasebenzi basoloko besebenzisa ubuchule obusemzimbeni obufana nomahluko-kungalinganiyo okanye ukurhoxiswa kwemiqathango, kodwa ezi zisexhomekeke kwintelekelelo ezomeleleyo. Njengesiphumo, ezinye iingqwalaselo zingangaphumeleli, ikhokelela kwinkqubo engalunganga.

Ukungavisisani Kwezobupolitika Nezoqoqosho

Amazwe abamkeli asoloko efumana iimfazwe, iintlekele zemvelo, okanye ungquzulwano lwezoqoqosho olunokuphazamisana neenkqubo ezicwangcisiweyo. Izibonisi zoncedo zisenokuba zidandathekile okwexeshana kungengenxa yokuba inkqubo iphumile kodwa ngenxa yokuba imekobume yokusebenza itshintshile. Umzekelo, iprojekthi yokwakha isenokulibaziseka ngesisongelo sokhuseleko, okanye inkqubo yempilo ingabona ukufa okuphezulu ngenxa yobhubhani ongadibaniyo noncedo. Abenzi bezinto bafuna ukudibanisa umngcipheko womngcipheko okhoyo kwiziphumo zabo, kodwa ukwenza oko kulucelomngeni ngendlela engoko. Ngoku uhlolisiso oluninzi luquka “uxwebhu lobuchule bokuyila iziganeko zangaphandle eziphembelelayo.

Uluvo lwexesha elide kunye neziphumo ezilibazisayo

Iinzuzo ezinzulu zoncedo .ezinje njengekomkhulu labantu eliphucukileyo, amaziko anamandla, okanye isimilo esitshintshayo, kudla ngokuthatha iminyaka okanye amashumi eminyaka ukubonakala. Umntwana ofumana isondlo esingcono namhlanje uzakubonisa kuphela ingeniso ephuculiweyo kubudala. Kodwa uqingqo-mali lomnizilili kunye nemijikelo yezobupolitika zifuna iziphumo ezifutshane zexesha. Oku kuxinezeleka kukhuthaza ukugxininisa ekuphumeleleni ngokukhawuleza (umz., ukusasaza ii-netha zomandla) kunokuba kuthathe iinguqu zenkqubo yempilo ezinde (umz., inkqubo yempilo yomeleza). Uqikelelo lweminyaka emininzi oluhamba ngeminyaka lufuna iziphumo ezithe kratya ixesha kwaye lubiza imali eninzi. UDonters uzama ngo “ulight jong projecters zekhompyutha ezithess eziqikeleleka kamva, kodwa ezihlala zingafezeki.

Ubulunga bogcino-lwazi kunye nokufumaneka

Amazwe amaninzi afunyenweyo abuthathaka, aneenkqubo zezibalo ezibuthathaka, aphuthelwa ziingxelo ezibalulekileyo, kunye nentlawulo elinganiselweyo. Ugcino-lwazi oluzinikelayo lungagqwetha, kwaye ukonakala kungakhokelela kwiingxelo ezigqwethekileyo. Ugcino-lwazi lwesethelayitha kunye neengxelo zeselula zefowuni zinika amathuba amatsha, kodwa azinakukwazi ukuthatha yonke into. Ngokuyintloko abasebenzi banikela ukwandisa ubuchule bokulinganisa abamkela iingxelo zoncedo ecaleni kweenkqubo zoncedo, kodwa inkqubela ithelela kancinci. Ubunjani bogcino-lwazi oluphezulu bunciphisa ukuthembeka kwaye bungakhokelela kwiziphetho ezibubuxoki. [[FLT: 0] I-ECD DCATYUTYUTYUMSETY kuPhumelo[FLT:] ikhupha ukhokelo olukuphuculwalu hlobo logcino-lwazi, kodwa ukusebenza okungalungelelanisekiyo.

Icala lexesha elizayo: ukuphucula umlinganiselo kunye nokuphendula

Beqonda ukuba olu celomngeni lubangelwa luphuhliso, abantu abaphuhlisa inkqubela bazama iindlela ezintsha zokufumana uncedo nokuphucula impumelelo yoncedo lwamanye amazwe.

Ukwanda kobuxhakaxhaka kunye nobuntlola obenziweyo

Inkqubela kugcino-lwazi olukhulu, ufundo lomatshini, kunye nokulungisa ulwimi lwendalo kunceda uvavanyo oluninzi oluza kusebenza kunye nolufikela ngexesha. I-Al ingenza umqulu omkhulu wombhalo, imifanekiso yesatellite, kunye nogcino-lwazi lokuthengisela ukuchonga iziphumo. Umzekelo, imodeli yokuxela intlalo esekelwe kwinkcazelo yesatellite yokukhanya ebusuku okanye uphahla lungaqikelela ubuhlwempu ngexesha lokwenene, kwanalapho uhlolo lwezolwimi lunqabileyo lunqabileyo. Uphando lwendalo olusetyenziswa kumajelo eendaba okanye kwiingxelo zendaba lungabonisa indlela abantu abanokuwukhathalela uluntu ngeprojelo, i-althmsty, kunye nomngcipheko wokususa ugwebo oluneyo ngemifanekiso ekhazi. UDonors lunophengulula oluno olusebenzisayo ngezo lwenzululwazi ngezomthetho xa lusanda.

Ukuhlolwa Kosukelo Lophuhliso Oluzinzileyo (SDGS)

Isiseko se SDG sinika ulwimi oluqhelekileyo lokulinganisa inkqubela kusukelo lwenjongo ezili-17 kunye no 169. Amazwe amaninzi anikela uncedo aye adibanisa uvavanyo lwawo kunye ne-SDG, evumela ukuthelekisa okucwangcisiweyo kunye nokusebenzisana. Izalathiso ze-SDG ezifana “nokwanda kwabemi ngezantsi komgca wobuhlwempu wehlabathi lonke” (1.1.1) okanye“ inani lokufa ngoku liqukiweyo ngoku ekunikeni ingxelo. Olu manyano lunciphisa uthelekiso kwaye lwenza kube lula ukuqwalasela indlela uncedo olubonelela amaxhoba ehlabathi lonke. Noko ke, iSDG izibonisiso zisezinzisajikeleza, kunye nogcino-data olushiyekileyo olunxulumene noxolo, isigwebo, kunye neendawo (SDG 16). I-UN: [FT] I-DGPG]

Isiphelo

Ukulinganisa impumelelo yeenkqubo zoncedo zangaphandle kukuzama okuninzi okufuna uphando olucokisekileyo lwezibonisi, iindlela zokuhlola, kunye nenkqubela-phambili eqhubekayo kwingqokelela yogcino-lwazi kunye nokubonakala. Amazwe asebenza ngokunempumelelo ayenze inkqubela ephawulekayo ekuhambiseni ngaphaya kweziphumo ezilula kwiziphumo ezichanekileyo zohlolo olucacileyo lweziphumo kunye neziphumo. Kodwa ucelomngeni lokunika iziphumo ezithe thamsanqa, ukungaguquguquki, ixesha elide, kunye nophawu logcino-lwazi oluqhubekayo. Ukugxininisa okukhulayo kwi-data evulekileyo, uvavanyo lokwahlukana, kunye nolungelelaniso lwe-SDGs kunikela indlela phambili, njengoko ukuchasana nokuchasana kobugcisa obutsha kuqhubekeka kakuhle. Ekugqibeleni, usukelo aluko ukulinganisa impumelelo kodwa ukufunda kwimpumelelo kuzo zombini iimpumelelo nokuphonothelo oluhlala njalo, kangangokuba ukungenelela okuninzi koncedo kungenelelo lwamazwe ancedayo.