Njengokuba ubugcisa bemichiza buxhaphakile kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi banamhlanje, ikhompyutha ixhaphakile ukususela kwinkcaso yobugcisa ukuya kushishino lwezigidi-zigidi zezigidi zemali yomhlaba wonke. Ukusuka ekuhlaseleni kwentelekelelo kwizibhedlele ukuya ekuphuleni ulwazi olukhutshiweyo, amasebe okunyanzelisa imithetho ajongene nocelomngeni olungenakuthelekiswa nanto ekuhloleni nako ukuphonononga iimpazamo ezikhoyo. Kodwa zona izixhobo namandla afunekayo ukulwa nezisongelo zendalo, ukuphengulula, ukuxilonga okukhulu, ukuxilonga okungagqibeleliyo, ukuphengulula okungagobezi-ku, ukuphelisa amalungelo angundoqo oluntu oluneedemo-demo-yo athe ngcwele. Entliziyweni yaleksi yenkqubo elungileyo efuna ukuba i-democrackiswe ngokufanelekileyo: umgaqo-siseko somthetho-siseko somthetho-siseko somthetho-siseko somthetho-siseko somthetho-siseko somthetho-siseko somthetho-siseko solawulo nemithetho othethoba, indlela elungelelaniswa ngayo, iimfanelo zokungamelelwa kwesokunga, ii

Isiseko Senkqubela Elindelekileyo Kuphando Lwamanani

Inkqubo elindelekileyo ivela kwiimfundiso ezimbini ezahlukileyo kodwa ezinxulumeneyo: inkqubo efunekayo (inkqubo ze-fardal) kunye nenkqubo efunekayo (isiseko esisesikweni). Kumomo wophando lwamanani, inkqubo efunekayo kufuneka ukuba ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kulandele imithetho emiselweyo, ibeke imiyalelo, igcine ubungqina obungathethekiyo, igcine inkqubela-phambili efunekayo (ngoxa inyathelo elifanelekileyo elifunekayo lokugada okanye elicinezelayo lorhulumente, njengokuphendla isixhobo ngaphandle kosizathu okanye ukusebenzisa ukwenziwa kwengxelo yomgaqo-mthetho wemigalelo-manani. Le nkqubo ifakelwe kwimiqathango yemigqeba enjengesi-GcineGcine (ikhusela ukuphengululwa okungekho ngqiyo nokuxhwala), iSigqeqeshi ye-All Convention (ukungazelelwano kobomi bomntu nobomi bobucala bobucala basekhaya), kunye nemithetho yesizwe emininzi yesizwe.

INkundla ePhakamileyo yaseUnited States iqinisekisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba ulwazi lwamanani lunelungelo lokwandisa ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo. Liley v. California [2014, iNkundla yathi inyanise ukuba amapolisa kufuneka afumane isiqinisekiso phambi kokuphendla isiganeko seselfowuni ukuze abambe, eqonda ukuba amacebo anjalo aqulethe "intelekiso zolwazi lobuqu]. Ngokufanayo, ICrententer v. United States[FLT] [[FLT] [2014], iNkupho ifuna imvume yokufumana iingxelo zembali zeseli, egcina ukuba umntu ulindele ulwazi olufanelekileyo kwimiqobo. Ezi zigqibo lwendlela yovavanyo lomthetho oluqhelekileyo.

Ihlabathi lonke, iNkundla yaseYurophu yamalungelo abantu ngokufanayo ifakelele imigangatho efunekayo. Zakharov v. eRashiya (2015], iNkundla yafumanisa ukuba inkqubo yokuhlola ngokufihlakeleyo yaseRashiya yaphula iGatya lesi-8 ngenxa yokuba yayingenabo ugalelo olufanelekileyo, uqwalaselo, isaziso, kunye namayeza. Le mimiselo imisela ukuba naluphi na uphando olusemthethweni lwe- Internet kufuneka luquke imithetho ecacileyo yogunyaziso, uphengululo oluzimeleyo, kunye nesaziso seposi-factum sokuchaphazela abantu apho kunokwenzeka.

Ukhuseleko olubukhali

Iimfuno Zolawulo NezobuGqirha

Imfuneko yemvume yeyona nkqubo ingundoqo efunekayo ekukhuseleni kwikhompyutha yophando. Phambi kokuba kwenziwe uphando lwekhompyutha, ifowuni, okanye ityala lamafu, ukunyanzelisa umthetho kufuneka kunikezele umqondiso ofungiweyo kumphathi-mikhosi ongathathi-nxaxheba obonisa ukuba nokwenzeka ukuba isixhobo siqulethe ubungqina bolwaphulo-mthetho. Olu vavanyo lwezomthetho luthintela uhambo lokuloba kwaye luqinisekisa ukuba ukukhangela kuqwalaselwe ngandlel'odwa, okokuba, kulinganiselwe kubungakanani kugcino-data okanye ii-akhawunti kunokuba kulinganiswe nomnatha jikelele. Umzekelo, isiqinisekiso se-akhawunti kufuneka ichaze ifreyithi yexesha, umthumeli/igner, kunye nohlobo lwemiyalezo efunwayo, kunokuba kunikezelwe ukufikelela konxibelelwano oluthunyiweyo.

Kanti imekobume yamanani ibangela ucelomngeni olungaqhelekanga. Ugcino-lwazi lusoloko luhlala kumaseva kumazwe asemzini, kwaye abanikezeli bamafu basenokunyanzeleka ukuba bavelise ulwaneliseko phantsi kolawulo olungokwasemthethweni olungqubanayo. Inkundla ePhakamileyo yase-U.S. ingumthetho oPhakamileyo eUnited States v. Microsoft Corp. [208] (umsebenzi odityanisiweyo kumthetho weCLOUD) uzakuxakeka nokuba ngaba inkampani inokunyanzela ukuvelisa ii-imeyili ezigciniweyo kwelinye ilizwe. I-CLOUD Act isombulule ngokudala impikiswano ekhawulezileyo yenkqubo yogcino-lwazi oluquke izikhundla eziquke izikhundla ezifanelekileyo: oorhulumente bamanye amazwe kufuneka bahlangane nemigangatho ethile yobuntu, kwaye iziyalezo sokuphinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda. Le nkqubo ingqinelana yendlela engqinelana yendlela engqinela ngayo.

Noko ke, umahluko kwimfuneko yogunyaziso ukhona, kwaye zingayicima inkqubo efunekayo. Iimeko ezithintela ukutshatyalaliswa okukhawulezileyo kobungqina zivumela uphengululo olungenasiqinisekiso, kodwa umthwalo uhleli kurhulumente ukuthethelela okunxaxhi. I "plain reso" iyasebenza: ukuba umphathi uyayibona ngokusemthethweni idata echopheleyo (umz., umfanekiso womntwana obonisa imifanekiso engamanyala obonakalayo kwikhusi elingatshixwanga), ungabanjwa ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso. Iinkundla ziqwalasela ngenyameko iimeko ezinjalo kwimibango yamanani ukuzikhusela ekuginyiseni umthetho.

Ukuphawula Nokwenza Ucelomngeni

Inkqubo elindelekileyo ifuna ukuba abantu baxelelwe ngezenzo zikarhulumente ezichaphazela amalungelo abo baze banikwe ithuba lokukhuphisana nazo. Kuphando lwe-ibbercrime, lo mgaqo usoloko uncitshiswa yimiyalelo (imiyalelo) efihlakeleyo ethintela abanikezeli ukuba bangaxelelwa ukuba bafumane i-data emfutshane nokubonakala okungakumbi. Ngoxa imfihlo iyimfuneko ukuze kuthintelwe ukukrokraza okanye ukupheliswa kwento ethethwayo, ubude nomlinganiselo wemiyalelo enjalo kufuneka bulinganiselwe. Isebe leMithetho (DOJ) leMithetho (DO) laluhlazisela ukhokelo lwalo lwangaphakathi ekukhuthazeni amaxesha amafutshane e-gagg, ukubonakalisa inkqubo efunekayo ukuze inkxalabo engagqibekanga imfihlo ibangele ukuvavanywa komthetho wophendlo.

Ngokufanayo, ukukwazi ukuyila intshukumo yokucinezela ubungqina obufunyenwe ngokuchasene nenkqubo efanelekileyo kunyango olubalulekileyo. Ukuba ukunyanzelisa umthetho kufumana isiqinisekiso ngaphandle kwesizathu esilindelekileyo, okanye ukugqithisa umlinganiselo wesiqinisekiso, iqela elichaphazelekayo lingacela inkundla ukuba ingabufaki ubungqina ekucinyweni. Lo mthetho wokuzikhulula, nangona udida, uhlala usomeleza ngamandla abaphengululi ukuhlonela izikhuseli ze-procedal.

Ubutyala Bokugcina Ityala Nobungqina Bengqibelelo

Ubungqina bamanani bubuthathaka ngokuqhelekileyo − bungatshintshwa, bucinywe, okanye bungcoliswe ngokulula. Inkqubela-nkqubo elindelekileyo ifuna itsheyina elicokisekileyo lokugcina umntwana ukuqinisekisa ukuba ugcino-lwazi olunikelwe enkundleni lulo kanye oluthinjwe, olungachananga noluyinyaniso. Imithetho elandelwayo enjengeyo yokwenza umfanekiso oqingqiweyo onzima wedrive, ukuhombisa umfanekiso, nokuwugcina ngokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo kungumsebenzi osezantsi. ISiko seSizwe seMigangatho yeMigangatho neSikolo sobuChuni (NIS) kunye neScientian Grounity Group on Digitality Evice (SWGE) ipapashe izikhokelo ezithiweyo njengezenzo ezingcono. Ukungaphumeleli kwezi nkqubo kunokuthi kufumane ukukhuselwe kokunga okanye ukungakhuselwa kwemithetho.

Umthetho womthetho ubonisa iziphumo zokwehla. United States v. IGanians (2014, iSeki yesibini yagqiba ukuba ukugcinwa kwekopi karhulumente ye-onesikhitshana se-asensic ye-drive engaphaya komqathango wogunyaziso wesi-Dimension sesine, njengoko yayisenza ukuxhuzula okukodwa. Inkundla yagxininisa ukuba inkqubo efanelekileyo ifuna urhulumente ukubuya okanye ukonakalisa ugcino-lwazi olungagutyungelwanga ngugunya likaxa kugqitywe. Oku kusebenza njengesikhumbuzo sokuba ukuqokelelwa kobungqina bamanani kufuneka kube semthethweni kwaye kube nomlinganiselo.

Imisebenzi yesakhelo semifanekiso nezixhobo zezizwe ngezizwe

UMthetho wobuqhetseba nokuphathwa kakubi kwekhompyutha eUnited States (CFAA) kunye nokuqwalaselwa kweNkqubo

ICFAA (18.S.C. 7630) ngummiselo ophambili wesizwe ochasene nomthetho wokurhoxa eUnited States. Ikwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho ukufikelela okungekho mthethweni koomatshini kunye nokubawa kolwazi. Isehlo senkqubo i-CFAA isekelwe kwinkcazelo yayo "ngaphandle kogunyaziso" /Igama lokuba iNkundla ePhakamileyo incitshiswe [[FL:0] [Ban v. United States [201]. Inkundla yakholelwa ukuba iCFAA ayisebenzisi abantu abagunyazisweyo ukufikelela kwikhompyutha kodwa basebenzisa kakubi ulwazi abalufumanayo (umz., ipolisa ipesenti eqhuba ilayisensi yephepha lokhangelo lobuqu). Esi sigqibo siqinisekisa ukuba umthetho ofanelekileyo umele unikezelo lwezolwaphulo-mthetho ongafanelekanga ngenxa yendlela ekufuneka lusetyenziswe ngayo.

Sekunjalo, izigwebo zeCFAA zinzima, kwaye inkxalabo ezifanelekileyo ziyaqhubeka malunga nokusetyenziswa kwazo "zikukhupha ekufikeleleni okugunyazisiweyo" iimeko. Iinkundla ezisezantsi ziyaqhubeka zizama ukumelana nokuba ukwaphula imigaqo ye-webhsayithi yenkonzo kungulwaphulo-mthetho ``impikiswano yokuba isigqibo sikaVan Bullen sishiywe siphelisiwe. IDOJ ikhuphe izikhokelo zangaphakathi zokunciphisa ukuchasa kweemeko ezinjalo, kodwa ucalucalulo lwemithetho luyafuneka ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo efanelekileyo ayinikelwa ngenxa yeqhinga lomtshutshisi.

Ukhuthazo lwe-GDPR kunye nokufumaneka koMthetho onyanzelisayo

IGDPR, ngeli xesha ingumthetho wokhuseleko logcino-lwazi, inentsingiselo ebalulekileyo yokugcinwa kwamalungelo omthetho kugcino-lwazi lobuqu. Ngaphantsi kweGDPR Inqaku 23, amaziko angamkela amanyathelo owiso-mthetho okumisela amalungelo athile (umz., ilungelo lokufikelela) ngenxa yezizathu zophando lolwaphulo-mthetho, kodwa kuphela ukuba imiqathango iyimfuneko kwaye ibeke ilungelelanise kwaye ihlonele ukuqokelelwa kwamalungelo asisiseko kunye nenkululeko. Ngaphezu koko, uMthetho Olungelelaniswa Ncedozelo oluthe ngqo (LED) umisela imithetho ecacileyo yokusetyenziswa kogcino-lwazi ngamapolisa namagosa agweba, ifuna isiseko esicacileyo, ukunciphisa ugcino-data, kunye nokuphatha okuzimeleyo. La malungiselelo asebenza awenza alungeleneyo ukuba nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi naleyo ingqokelela ye-data ye-Accoracconey, imele ikhuselwe phantsi, ikhuselwe kwimiciselwa, kunye noxatyiselwa ngabalawulwa yi-data.

Uxanduva olubalulekileyo lwenkqubo olubalulekileyo luvela xa ukunyanzeliswa komthetho e-U. EU-U.U.U. ugcino-lwazi lwesakhelo sogcino-lwazi (2023) lumisele inkqubo yokuhamba kwe-translate data, kodwa amalungiselelo ayo okugcinwa komthetho kuhlala kuphikisana. Iinkundla zaseYurophu zifuna rhoqo ukuba amazwe angawa-EU anike i-"ucinezelo olubalulekileyo" ukhuseleko kwabo bakwi-EU. U. umthetho wokugcina i-omatilothe, okuthetha ukubambelela kwimigaqo yemfuneko, ukulungelelaniso, kunye nogunyaziso lwezomthetho.

Indibano YaseBudapest Ekwisithukuthezi

Ngo-2001 yamkeleka liBhunga laseYurophu, iNdibano yeBhunga ekwiCybercrime yesona sivumelwano sibalulekileyo sezizwe ngezizwe esithetha ngolwaphulo-mthetho lwekhompyutha. Ivumelanisa imithetho yezaphuli-mthetho ezincinci (umz., ukufikelela okungekho mthethweni, ukuphazamisana nogcino-lwazi) kunye nokusungula izixhobo ezizinzileyo ezinjengokukhuselwa kogcino-lwazi, imiyalelo yemveliso, kunye nokufikelela komda wokugcinwa kogcino-lwazi. Ngokuyinyani, iNdibano ifuna ukuba ezi zixhobo zibe phantsi kwemeko nokulondolozwa okungamalungelo abantu. Inqaku le-15 ligunyazisa ngokucacileyo ukuba amaqela aqinisekise ukusekwa nokuphunyezwa kwe-"imali kunye nokukhuselwa kokhuseleko, kuquka nokufumana amalungelo abantu, kuquka nokuzibandakanya ukungenelelana kwemithetho esemthethweni, kunye nokuzimela-ofisini, kunye nokuzimela, ukukhusela.

ISivumelwano seBudapest sombutho wasemthethweni (MLA) sikwabalulekile kwinkqubo efunekayo. Xa ilizwe lifuna ugcino-lwazi komnye, urhulumente ocelayo kufuneka anikeze ingcaciso ebanzi yetyala, isiseko esisemthethweni, kunye nokubaluleka kogcino-lwazi. Urhulumente oceliweyo makahlole ukuba isicelo sihambelana nemigangatho yalo efunekayo, ingakumbi ukuba isiphambeko sikwimeko yezopolitiko okanye ukuba isicelo siza kwaphula amalungelo asisiseko. Esi sakhiwo, ngexa singafezekanga, simisa inkqubo efunekayo kumgangatho wezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe, sithintela iprojekthi yemi-to ezantsi apho kulula ukuphanda iprojectal ebuthathaka kakhulu.

Ukuqalisa Ucelomngeni Kwinkqubo Elindelekileyo Etyaleni

Uguqulelo kunye nomyalelo wokufumana

Isiphelo-siphelo sokukhowuda sifikelele kwisiphelo sengxoxo efunekayo. Abanyanzelisi bomthetho baphikisa ngelithi izixhobo ezifihliweyo kunye neenkqubo zokuthumela imiyalezo zidala "ukuhamba mnyama" iimeko apho bengenakufumana khona ubungqina ngemvume esebenzayo. Ngomdla, oorhulumente bacebise okanye bamisele imithetho efuna iinkampani zobugcisa zokwakha amandla obuchule okwazi ukukhupha unxibelelwano okanye ukunikezela ngokucacileyo okubhaliweyo/ukukhupha "unikezelo olusemthethweni". Applev v. FF (20) impikiswano yokuvula i-San Bernardordordo traff' i-complate ukuxilonga uqhagamshelwano. Application inkundla yokulwa kwendlela yenkwenziwayo yokugqith i-codeccodec, ukuphikisa ngendlela enyanze i-gconficet ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwasemva komsebenzi.

Kumgangatho ofanelekileyo wenkqubo, imiyalelo yokufumana inyusa imibandela emininzi. Okokuqala, umyalelo kufuneka ukhankanye ngokungqalileyo. (ukunyanzelisa ukuba inkampani incedise ekutsaleni idata kwisixhobo esithile) kwaye ingalingane nesiqinisekiso jikelele. Okwesibini, uncedo olufunekayo kufuneka lufikeleleke ngobugcisa kwaye lungabi nzima kakhulu. Okwesithathu, kufuneka kubekho isiseko somthetho somyalelo, onikwe yinkampani yonke iWrits (AWA) kodwa iwiswe yimida egunyaziweyo. IFBI ekugqibeleni emva kokufumana enye indlela, kodwa umba osemthethweni uhlale ungalungiswangalungiswanga. [[FLT:] J222] ukhokelo lwe-All Writs (A) olulungiselelweyonke i-APNU) lumele lufune uncedo olusuka ku-'utechtel'umthetho" kodwa luye luye luye luye luye lwamkela kwiinkampani ezikhompyudi ezigunyazi ezigunyaziweyo, kodwa luyelwe ngokungenagunyazi.

Amanye amazwe aye abonakalisa ubundlobongela obukhulu. UMthetho we-United Kingdom's Investigation Powers 2016 (IPA) uquka amalungiselelo okunyanzela abanikezeli bonxibelelwano ukuba basuse ukhuseleko lwe-elektroniki, kuquka ukuvulwa kombhalo ofihlakeleyo. Abagxeki, kuquka i-UN Special Rapporteur enelungelo lokuba yedwa, baye balumkisa ukuba loo mandla achasene nenkqubo efanelekileyo ngokuvumela imithetho efihlakeleyo elinganiselweyo yolawulo lwezomthetho. Inkundla yaseYurophu yamalungelo abantu ayikalawuli kwi-IPA, kodwa ukuxinzeleka phakathi kokuvulwa kombhalo kunye nokufikelela ngokusemthethweni kuya kufuna imigaqo emitsha yezizwe ngezizwe.

Ubuntlola Obenziweyo Nobuchule Bokuxela Ikamva

Ukusetyenziswa kobuntlola obungeyoyayo (II) kuphando lwe-inthanethi olukwikhompyutha, olufana nokuphosa imvume yenethwekhi ekrokrelayo, ukuchaza iipateni zekhowudi ezoyikekayo, okanye ukuxela kwangaphambili ukuhlaselwa kwezobukho bexesha elizayo (i-introducations inkxalabo efunekayo malunga nekhethe, ukukhanyisa, nokuphendula. Ukuba inkqubo ye-IA incomela ukuba umntu othile ayenze ityala le-intanethi, kwaye olo hlolisiso lukhokelela kwisiqinisekiso sokuphengulula okanye ukuvalwa, kutheni ukuvavanywa kwe-algorithm? Inkqubo efunekayo ifuna ukuba isiseko sesenzo sikarhulumente sithotyelelo oluqhelekileyo. Kodwa iinkqubo ze-AIIS zidla ngokuba zi-proprietary brots, zenza ukuba kungabi nako ukuvavanya uqeqesho lwe-data, ii-oxilongo, okanye isigqibo soqikelelo.

Inkundla ePhakamileyo yase-U.S. ayikhange ithethe ngqo kwinkqubo e-Al kunye nayo, kodwa iinkundla ezisezantsi ziqalile ukuxhathisana nemeko. United States v. Johnson [2021], inkundla yesithili ifumanise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe "ukubhalisa" i-software yokuhlola i-DNATH akwaphulanga inkqubo ekhoyo ngenxa yokuba ummangalelwa unikezelo kugcino-lwazi olungaphantsi kwaye uyakwazi ukunqumla ugqirha oyisebenzisayo. Noko ke, izixhobo ze-ICVSCRC zinokubonisa ukuba zikho kwimigroyilo ethile, ezisetyenziswayo ukubeka i-grogrim, zinokubandakanyeza ii-songelo ezithe ngqo ukuba azibonakali okanye abenzi benkqubo. Ukuba indlela yokuhlola i-activegistrate ikhul, ukuvavanywa kwetyala kwasekunene.

Izicelo zogcino-lwazi zolungelelwano olunqamlezileyo kunye noMthetho we-CLOUD

UMthetho weCLOUD (Umthetho Owenzelwe Ukusetyenziswa Kogcino-lwazi Ngaphaya Kolwandle) ka-2018 uvumela ukuba abanyanzeli bomthetho base-U.S. bafumane ulwaneliseko kulawulo lwenkonzo olusekelwe e-U.S. kungakhathaliseki apho ugcino-lwazi lugcinwa khona, ukuba inkampani inikezelwe ngemvume. Ikwagunyazisa iU.S. ukuba ingene kwizivumelwano zegunya elilawulayo noorhulumente bangaphandle . "Ukwenza oorhulumente bangaphandle"-owangaphandle" abalingana nemigangatho efanelekileyo, ivumela ukugcinwa komthetho wabo ukuba uvume ngqo ugcino-data oluvela e-U.S. kwaye abanikezeli bothuthotho olungenayo nge-MMLA.

Imigaqo efunekayo yokukhusela urhulumente wasemzini ukuba aqwalaselwe "ukuyimisela" iquka: ugunyaziso oluzimeleyo lwemithetho yezomthetho yamanye amazwe ejolise kwimiyalelo ejoliswe kubantu base-U.S., inkqubo yokuthoba iliso ekugcineni nasekusasazeni i-data, kunye neenkqubo zokuvavanya ukufaneleka komthetho womyalelo. Kodwa abagxeki baphikisa ukuba iCLOUD Act ngokunempumelelo ngaphandle kwemiqathango yogcino-lwazi lwe-U.S. Ipala yaseYurophu ibonise inkxalabo yokuba iCLUD i-CUD inokwenziwa ngendlela echasene ne-GPR, ikhokelele kwimisebenzi efunekayo efunekayo ekuthenjiweyo.

Ukulungelelanisa Ukhuseleko Namalungelo: Izenzo Ezibalaseleyo

Ukwenziwa komsebenzi wobupolisa kunye nokwenziwa kogcino-lwazi kube yinto encinci

Inkqubo elindelekileyo ifuna ukuba amanyathelo ophando ahambelane nolwaphulo-mthetho oluphandweyo. Kummandla wamanani, oku kuthetha ukuba ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kufuneka kuqokelele kuphela ugcino-lwazi oluyimfuneko ukuseka inyaniso. Umzekelo, isiqinisekiso sengxelo yezentlalo-ntle yoluntu erhanelekayo kufuneka sichaze umgama wexesha kunye nohlobo lwemiboniso efunwayo, kunokuba kuvunyelwe ukhutshelwe phantsi kolwazi oluncinane, olubhalwe kwimithetho ye-GDPR nemithetho emininzi yokhuseleko logcino-lwazi lwesizwe, kufuneka zikhokele zombini ukwenziwa kwemithetho yemithetho ye-Rojini yolawulo kunye nemisebenzi yokusebenza. Abaxhasi-mali kufuneka bacinge ukuba kuncinane kusetyenziswa iindlela zokukhuphela phantsi kwembali phambi kokufuna isiqinisekiso.

Ukubonisa ngaphaya kombane nokunika ingxelo

Ukucaca ngaphaya kwesiseko senkqubo efunekayo. Abami banelungelo lokwazi ukuba kuphi na ukunyanzeliswa komthetho okufikelela kugcino-lwazi lwamanani, phantsi koko kugunyaziswa ngumthetho, kwaye ngaba kutheni kutheni kukho iziphumo. Ngoku amazwe amaninzi afuna iinkampani ukuba zipapashe iingxelo zokubonakala kwangaphandle zezicelo zikarhulumente. ISebe leJaji leU.S likwakhupha iiNgxelo zoNyaka zoNxibelelwano, nangona ezi zigqumathelo kuphela zezomnxeba ezifunekayo. Ukwandisa ezo ngxelo ziquka zonke iintlobo zobungqina bemivo, quka ii-cell-site, okuqukiweyo kwelifu, kunye nesixhobo sokukhangela kunye nezixhobo eziluncedo zivumela uphatho lwemigangatho efunekayo. [[FLT:] I-OFDJ'ibos ofisi yesithethe ne-Eviniversalture [FLT]

Ulawulo oluzimeleyo

Akukho nkqubo ifanelekileyo yolawulo ipheleleyo ngaphandle kokulawula okuzimeleyo. Oku kungathatha uhlobo lokuhlola iinkqubo zemvume zomthetho, iikomiti zowiso-mthetho eziqwalasela iinkqubo zokujonga iinkqubo zolawulo, okanye ukuzimela nokulawula iibhodi zenkululeko yabemi. I-Westyle kunye ne-Popuny Liberation Overight Board (PLOB) eUnited States, emiselwe emva kokuqokelelwa komthetho we-data. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ziququzelela iinkqubo zobugrogrisi zilinganiselweyo, kwaye ziphantsi kwemiqathango kwaye ziphantsi kwegunyaziwe. Ezinye izizwe, njengeNetherlands, zine "Impatho ekhethekileyo yokusetyenziswa kwe-Actigietives" equluniswe ngokomthetho wokugcinwa kogcino-data. Ezi ziqulungela ukunconywa kokunga kwenkqubo okufanelekileyo, njengokusetyenziswa komsebenzi othile wobusothotho olusemthethweni.

Isiphelo

Imodeli ayiyonkqubo engqinelanayo; iguqula njengendlela yobugcisa yokulungisa izivumelwano zolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nophando. Isiseko somthetho sophando lwe-intanethi kufuneka siqhubeke silungelelanisa ukulungelelana okunengqiqo phakathi kokunyanzelisa umthetho ukuze uqhubeke ukuphumeza okusesikweni nokukhusela abantu kwisenzo sikarhulumente esizimeleyo. Ukusuka kwinkxaso kunye nemithetho yetsheyina yemithetho yezobuqhophololo kwizivumelwano zezizwe kunye neengxoxo zokubhalisa iingxoxo, inkqubo enika isiseko sobuchule obubonisa ixesha nendlela urhulumente anokungena ngayo kubomi bethu bamanani. Njengoko izisongelo zekhompyutha zikhula zintsonkothe nangakumbi kwaye zichaza amandla okuhlola, ugcino lwenkqubo ekufuneka luzakuba lubone enoba uluntu zihlala zikhululekile kwaye zilungile kubudala obuqhelekileyo. Abagwebi, nabalawuli bemithetho, kunye neenkokeli bomthetho kufuneka baqinise ukuvelisa ukukhusela okulingana nokumelana nokhuseleko koomatshini bokhuseleko lweziko.