Ukuqonda Inkqubo Yomthetho

Imithetho yenziwa isiseko salo naliphi na ibutho labantu elisebenzayo. Imisela ucwangco, ikhusela amalungelo, kwaye ichaza iimbopheleleko zabemi norhulumente ngokufanayo. Kodwa kubantu abaninzi, uhambo olusuka kwingcamango elula ukuya kumthetho onyanzeliswayo luhlala luyinto enzima. Ukuqonda indlela ekwenziwa ngayo imithetho akuyonto nje esetyenziswayo kwintlalo-ntle yasekuhlaleni.

Inkqubo yowiso-mthetho iyahluka ngokwelizwe, kodwa imigaqo engundoqo iyangqinelana ngendlela ephawulekayo kwiinkqubo zedemokhrasi. Umthetho ocetyiweyo, obizwa ngokuba yimali, kufuneka usebenzise uthotho lweenqanamnatha zecandelo elilungiselelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba uhlolwe ngokucokisekileyo kwaye ubeke ityala kuluntu. Eli nqaku lihamba ngendlela esesikweni yokwenziwa komthetho kwaye lichaza isizathu sokuba inxaxheba yakho kwiqonga ngalinye ingayibumba iziphumo ezikuchaphazela wena noluntu.

Inkqubo Yomthetho

Indlela esuka kwingcamango ukuya kumthetho ayifane ikhawulezi. Izindlu zowiso-mthetho zedemokhrasi ezininzi zilandela ulandelelwano olulungelelanisiweyo oluquka ukuqulunqwa, uhlolo lwekomiti, ingxoxo, ukuvota, kunye nemvume yegunya eliphezulu. Inyathelo ngalinye likhona ukucoca izicelo ezikrwada ngobuchule, ingxoxo, kunye negalelo loluntu.

Udrafti nokwazisa

Imali yesivumelwano iqalisa njengengcamango. Isenokuvela kumenzi-mthetho, umbutho karhulumente, iqela lobugcisa, okanye kwanommi wabucala ozisa ingcamango kummeli. Abenzi bomthetho baguqula loo ngcamango ngoko bayiguqulele kulwimi olusemthethweni oluchanekileyo. Lo mthetho ukhutshwa ngokusemthethweni kwiqumrhu lemithetho (ngokufuthi ubizwa ngokuba yipalamente, ingqungquthela, okanye indibano.)

Kwinkqubo ye-badamaral, njengeKhonklamenti yaseUnited States okanye iPalamente yoBukumkani, lo mthetho uqaliswe kwindlu esezantsi okanye kwindlu ephezulu. Igumbi lentshayelelo liyindawo yokuqala yengxoxo nokuhlaziywa. Lo mthetho wabelwe inani, ushicilelwe, kwaye ukhutshelwe esidlangalaleni, ubonakalisa ithuba lokuqala lokuba abemi bahlole olo lwimi lucetyiweyo.

IKomiti

Emva kwentshayelelo, ityala libhekiswa kwikomiti ethetha ngemibandela yetyala. Iikomiti zilapho umsebenzi ozinzileyo uyenzeka khona. Amalungu ekomiti afunda ityala, afumane ukuthethwa, aqokelele ubungqina obuvela kwiingcali, abagcini- mali, nakumagosa karhulumente. Eli qonga livumela ukuhlaziywa kokucocwa kolwimi lwetyala, idilesi engakhange ilandelise iziphumo ezingalindelekanga, kunye nokuquka ingxelo.

IiKomiti zingavota ukuqhuba ityala, ukulithumela kwakhona ukuze lihlaziywe ngokuqhubekayo, okanye zilivumele life ngokungenzi nto. Amatyala amaninzi awaze ayenze ikomiti edlulileyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ukuqonda ukuba yiyiphi ikomiti enegunya phezu komba ibaluleke kuye nabani na ozama ukulandelela okanye ukuphembelela umthetho. Ukufikelela koluntu kwiikomiti kudla ngokuvuleka, kwaye ezininzi zithuthelelwa kwi-intanethi, zinika abemi indawo yesihlalo sangaphambili kwisejini-somgaqo.

Ingxoxo Nolwimi

Ukuba ikomiti iyawuvumela lo mthetho, ungena kumgangatho wegumbi elipheleleyo ukuze kuqhutywe ingxoxo kunye nokuvota. Abenzi bomthetho banikela iimpikiswano ezingokwahlukileyo, bacebisa ukulungisa, kwaye bathethane. Imithetho yengxoxo iyahluka-hluka kakhulu. Ezinye iinkqubo zivumela ixesha lokuthetha elingenamda, ngoxa ezinye zimisela imida engqongqo. Injongo kukuveza zonke iimbono ezinxulumeneyo phambi kokuvota kokugqibela.

Uninzi oluqhelekileyo ludla ngokufuneka ukuze kudluliswe irejista yegumbi lokuyila, nangona ezinye izinto zinje ngokulungisa komgaqo-siseko okanye imiqathango yoqingqo-mali . ingafuna ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezinkulu. Xa igqibile, ityala lisiya kwelinye igumbi (kwinkqubo ye-bimeral) apho inkqubo iphinda iphela. Ukuba amagumbi amabini agqithisa intlobo ezahlukeneyo zemali, ikomiti yengqungquthela eqanjwe ngamalungu aphuma kuzo zombini agumbi isebenza ngaphandle kokulalanisa. Uguqulelo oluyalelanisiweyo kufuneka luvunywe ngawo omabini amagumbi ngokuchanileyo njengoko kubhaliwe.

Igunya eliphetheyo

Emva kokuba la magumbi edlulise intlobo ezifanayo zemali, ithunyelwa kwisebe eliphetheyo ````inkulu'', okanye irhuluneli engumongameli' okanye irhuluneli. Isebe eliphetheyo lingasayina ityala kumthetho, okanye kwezinye iinkqubo, liyivumele ukuba ibe ngumthetho ngaphandle kosayino emva kwexesha elithile. I-veto ithumela irekhodi emva kwindlu yowiso-mthetho, enokuthi ikwazi ukudlula iveto ngevoti ephezulu, nangona inqabile ukusetyenziswa kwayo.

Kwinkqubo yepalamente, umphathi oyintloko udla ngokukhutshwa kwindlu yowiso-mthetho, kwaye inkqubo idla ngokubekwa phambili. Intloko yemvume karhulumente isoloko iyinyathelo lesithethe, njengoko umphathi eyinxalenye yolawulo oluphezulu. Nayiphi na inkqubo, uhlolo oluphetheyo lusebenza njengovavanyo lokugqibela kwimveliso yemithetho phambi kokuba ibe ngumthetho obophelelayo.

Indima Yamasebe Karhulumente

Ukwenza imithetho akwenzeki ngokuzimela. Amasebe amathathu karhulumente .(i-legisidia, i-glasi, kunye ne-qhinga) enza indima eyahlukileyo ekudaleni, ekusebenziseni nasekutolikeni imithetho. Ukuqonda imidlalo yawo kunceda abemi bajolise kwinxaxheba ngokunempumelelo.

Isebe Elisemthethweni

Indlu yowiso-mthetho liqumrhu eliyintloko lokwenza umthetho. Amalungu ayo anyulwa ukuba amele uluntu ngokubanzi, abe negunya elingokomGaqo-siseko lokuququzelela, ukuphikisana, nokumisela imithetho. Kwakhona amagunya alawula uqingqo-mali, aqinisekise amaqumrhu aphezulu, kwaye ajonge isebe likarhulumente. Ngenxa yokuba abenzi bemithetho bemithetho benoxanduva olungqalileyo kumavoti, yeyona ndawo ifikelelekayo yokungena ukuze abe nempembelelo kubami.

Isebe Elilawulayo

Isebe elilawulayo lizalisekisa lize linyanzelise imithetho. Oku kuquka umongameli okanye umphathi-mikhosi, amaqumrhu, kunye nothungelwano olukhulu lwamaziko karhulumente kunye namasebe. Nangona isebe eliphetheyo lingalwenzi umthetho ngokwengqiqo esesikweni, likhupha imimiselo kunye nemiyalelo yegunya ethwala impembelelo yomthetho. Le mithetho izalisa iinkcukacha ezishiywe zivuliwe yimimiselo kwaye iphantsi kwamagqabaza kawonke-wonke kwimimandla emininzi.

Impinda Yesebe Eligwebayo Neyeejaji

Iinkundla zichaza imithetho zize zimisele ukungqinelana kwazo nomgaqo-siseko. Ngokuhlola okusemthethweni, iinkundla zingawisa imithetho engqubana nomgaqo-siseko wesizwe okanye imigaqo ephezulu yomthetho. Eli gunya lenza ukuba ijaji ibe ligosa elibalulekileyo kwiziphatho zemithetho. Abahlali nemibutho idla ngokuzisa ukumangalelwa ukuze bacel ’ umngeni imithetho abakholelwa ukuba ayivumelani, nto leyo eyenza iinkundla zibe yenye indlela yokuyila inkqubo esemthethweni.

Indlela Abahlali Abanokuba Nenxaxheba Ngayo

Ukuba ngummi okhutheleyo yi-injini egcina ukwenza umthetho wedemokhrasi kuphendulwe. Xa abemi bedibene, inkqubo ilawulwa zizinto ezikhetheke kakhulu. Xa abemi bethabatha inxaxheba, imithetho ibonisa uludwe olubanzi lwamava nezinto eziza kuqala. Inxaxheba ithatha iintlobo ezininzi, ukusuka kwizenzo zomntu ngamnye ukuya kulungelelaniso lweqela.

Ukhetho

Ukuncoma yeyona ndlela ingqalileyo yokuphembelela owenza imithetho. Unyulo lumisela ukwenziwa kweendlu zowiso-mthetho kunye nesebe elilawulayo. Ngokuxhasa abathathi-nxaxheba abavumelana neemfuno zakho, ninceda ekulungiseni ucwangciso lwenkqubo iminyaka ezayo. Hlola iindawo zabahlohli bakho kwiindleko ezithile kunye neengxelo zabo zokuvota. Unyulo lwengingqi nolo rhulumente lusoloko lunempembelelo engaphaya kobomi bemihla ngemihla, ukanti bafumana ingqalelo encinane kunezizwe ngezizwe.

Abameli Abanxibelelanayo

Abaququzeleli bomthetho banikela ingqalelo kwimibutho yabo. Unobumba omnye oqiqe kakuhle, i-imeyili, okanye umnxeba womnxeba ungaphembelela indawo yomenzi-mthetho, ingakumbi kwimibandela apho uluvo lukawonke-wonke lungaziwa kakuhle. Yibani ngabachazileyo. Chaza inani lemali, chaza indlela umthetho oya kukuchaphazela ngayo wena okanye abantu basekuhlaleni, kwaye uchaze ngokucacileyo indlela oziphethe ngayo. Amabali obuqu anokukhunjululwa kakhulu kuneengongoma zokuthetha.

Iiwebhsayithi ezininzi zowiso-mthetho zinika izixhobo zokufumana ummeli wakho kunye neendleko ezijongene nomzila. Iinkonzo ezifana ne .gov (kwi-United States) okanye amaphepha ePalamente eshishini[ zenza kube lula ukulandela umthetho ngexesha lokwenene. Amanqaku ezi zixhobo anokuhlala esazi kakuhle kuzo zonke iqonga.

Ukuchongwa Kwabantu Bonke Nokuxilongwa

IiKomiti kunye namaqumrhu karhulumente asoloko ethetha ngokuchotshelwa kwasekuhlaleni okanye agqabaza ngamathuba eendleko zemali nemigaqo ecetyisiweyo. Ezi ntlanganiso zenzelwe ukuqokelela igalelo kumaqela aneziphumo ezichaphazelekayo. Ukunikezela ubungqina obubhaliweyo okanye ukubhalisa ekuchongeni intetho kukuvumela ukuba uchaze imbono yakho ngqo kubantu abawenza umthetho. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kwimicimbi yendawo, kwimigaqo yemekobume, nakwinkqubo yemfundo.

Iiwebhsayithi zikarhulumente zipapasha isaziso sokuchotshelwa kwetyala namazwi alandelayo. Ukutyikitya isaziso sokulumkiswa okuvela kwilizwe lakho okanye kwindlu yowiso-mthetho yesizwe kuqinisekisa ukuba akuphoswa ngamathuba okuvavanya. Kwanamathuba amafutshane, aqwalaselweyo anokukunceda abenzi besigqibo baqonde iziphumo zeli hlabathi lokwenene zokhetho lwabo.

Iirasroots Ukuqhelanisa nokuququzelela

Izenzo zomntu ngamnye zinamandla, kodwa amaqela alungelelanisiweyo angakhulisa amazwi afanayo. Ukuthelelana okanye ukwenza iqela lobuchule bokulawula imimandla ethile kujoliswe kwimbambano ethile . njengokufumaneka kwezindlu, ukufikelela kwempilo, okanye ukhuseleko lwemekobume.

Imibutho engekho semthethweni njenge i-openserets zeprojekthi yemirhumo yemiqolomba nemisebenzi yokukhuthaza, ukunceda abemi balandele imali esemva komthetho. Ukuqonda ukuba ngowuphi umxhasi wemali onika umongo wento yokuba kutheni iindleko ezithile zihambela phambili okanye zithenjiwe.

Isizathu Sokuba Ube Nenxaxheba Kwimibandela

Wonke umthetho odlulisayo umela ukhetho phakathi kwezinto eziphambili ezikhuphisanayo. Ngaphandle kokuthenjiswa kommi osebenzayo, ezi zinto zikhethwayo zidla ngokuxhasa ucwangciso nomthombo olungileyo kuluntu ngokubanzi. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kuba ibuyisela ulungelelwano kwinkqubo.

Ukuphendula kunye nokubonisa ngaphaya

Xa abamisi-mthetho besazi ukuba abasebenzi bomthetho bajongile, baziphatha ngokwahlukileyo. Ummisi-mthetho ofumana unxulumano oluninzi noncwadi kwityala akafane ayihoyi loo nto kunalowo ungevanga nto. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kuwonke wonke kwenza umzila wephepha nengxelo kawonke-wonke. Inyanzela ukuba ivote ekuhleni kwaye yenza kube nzima ukwenza amalungiselelo angathandwayo ukuba adlule ngaphandle kokuqwalaselwa.

Ukukhusela Ubuncinane Bamalungelo

Umthetho omkhulu usisiseko sedemokhrasi, kodwa ukwanokuwanciphisa amaqela amancinane. Ukuba nenxaxheba kwabemi kuqinisekisa ukuba amazwi abo bangangenye indlela bangalikhathalelwa. Imibutho yamalungelo abantu ukutyhubela imbali ibonise ukuba ukuxhathisa ubungangamsha kungayitshintsha imithetho kunye noluvo lukawonke-wonke. Inxaxheba ayipheleli ekuxhaseni izilangazelelo zakho kuphela.

Umgaqo-nkqubo wexesha elide

Imithetho emininzi inemiphumo eyenzekayo emashumini eminyaka adluleyo. Ukusekwa kwerhafu, imimiselo yemekobume, kunye nenkxaso yezemfundo ichaphazela ubomi bezizukulwana ezizayo. Namhlanje ukuba nenxaxheba kuphuhliso lwebutho labantu ofuna ukuliphila ngomso. Kwanaxa uloyiso lunzima, ukwakha ulwalamano noosomaqhinga bomthetho nokufundisa uluntu ngemeko ethile kubeka isiseko senkqubela kwixesha elizayo.

Amanyathelo Asebenzisekayo Okubandakanyeka

Ukwazi ukuba inxaxheba yenye into. Ukwazi indlela yokuqalisa kuyinto enye. La manyathelo angezantsi abonisa indlela esebenzisekayo yokunceda nabani na ofuna ukusuka kwizinto ezithe gqolo aze abe nenxaxheba.

Amanyathelo Okuvakala Kwelizwi Lakho

  • [[FLT: 0] Lungisa abameli bakho. Sebenzisa izixhobo zorhulumente ezisemthethweni zokukhangela ukufumana abamisi-mthetho bakho kwimigangatho yengingqi, yesizwe, yengingqi, neyobuzwe. Gcina ulwazi lwabo loqhakamshelwano kunye neeyure ze-ofisi.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ityala lomthetho elichaphazela wena. Seta izilumkiso kwii-website zokulandelela ii-wistogs amagama ayintloko anxulumene nezilangazelelo zakho. Funda ushwankatho loxwebhu kunye nobume bohlaziyo rhoqo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Bhala umyalezo oqwalaselweyo. Xa ityala liqwalaselwe, thumela i email emfutshane okanye ileta. Lizwe inani lemali, indawo yakho, kunye nesizathu sobuqu sokuma kwakho. Gwema ulwimi oluqhelekileyo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ifake indlebe okanye iholo yedolophu. Bonisa umntu okanye phantse. Lungisa ingxelo emfutshane okanye umbuzo kusengaphambili. Ukuphulaphula kwabanye abathathi-nxaxheba kwakha ukuqonda kwakho ngenkupho.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ngena iqela. Fumana umbutho osebenza kwinkupho yakho. Kwanento encinci eyenzeka ngexesha ukuzinikela (ukusayina isicelo, ukwabelana ngolwazi, okanye ukuya kwintlanganiso) yenza isiphumo sakho sibe sikhululeke.
  • Ukuphakamisa kunyulo ngalunye. unyulo oluphambili, intlanga zasekuhlaleni, kunye nebhodi yonyulo lwesikolo lubalulekile njengonyulo lwesizwe. Khangela ubume bakho bokubhalisa uze wenze icebo lokuvota.
  • [[UMTL:0] Yabelana ngezinto ozifundayo. Baxelele abahlobo, intsapho, nabamelwane malunga nomthetho ozayo kunye namathuba okuthatha inxaxheba. Uluntu olunolwazi lubandakanyekile.

Isebenzisa Izixhobo Zamanani

Ubugcisa buye bathoba umqobo wokuthabatha inxaxheba. Ii-operate zivumela abemi ukuba banikele amagqabaza, bajonge iindlebe, banxibelelane nabenzi bomthetho ngoko nangoko. Izixhobo zonxibelelwano lwezentlalo zingacwangcisa iimpendulo ezikhawulezileyo kwimibandela evelayo. Noko ke, ukubolekisana ngemivo kusebenza kakuhle xa kudityaniswe neendlela zesithethe. Ukufowuna okanye ukutyelela ngefowuni kubangela ubunzima obungaphezulu kunobugocigoci. Sebenzisa izixhobo zemichiza ukuze uhlale usazi kwaye ulungelelanise, kodwa ugxininise amandla akho kunxibelelwano olungqalileyo kunye nabenzi besigqibo.

Imibutho emininzi yobugcisa yoluntu inikezela ngesisa sobuncwane bokulandelela umthetho kunye nokuqhagamshelana nabameli. Ivula iziqendu zesiseko sogcino-lwazi esiphengululwayo somthetho womgangatho karhulumente kulo lonke elaseUnited States. Ezi zixhobo zenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba nabani na ononxibelelwano lwe Internet abe nenxaxheba ngokunentsingiselo kwinkqubo yokwenza umthetho.

Isiphelo

Inkqubo yokwenza umthetho yenzelwe ukuba ibe ngabom, kodwa ayilawuleki. Iqonga ngalinye (ukusukela ekuyimiseleni ikomiti ukuya kwingxoxo yomgangatho ukuya kwingxoxo yegunya eliphezulu /) inikela amathuba okungeniswa kwegunya eliphezulu. Le nkqubo isebenza kakuhle xa abemi bewathatha nzulu loo mathuba. Ukukhuthaza kusisiseko, kodwa sisiqalo. Ukubhalela abameli, ukuva, ukudibanisa amaqela e-advocacy, nokuhlala benolwazi lonke kunegalelo kwidemokhrasi esempilweni.

Indima yakho ibalulekile kuba imithetho ayingomaphepha angekho ngqiqweni. Ibonisa umgangatho womoya namanzi, ukhuseleko lomsebenzi wakho, iindleko zonyango lwakho, nemfundo abantwana bakho abayifumanayo. Ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yowiso-mthetho, unceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba loo mithetho inceda abantu abaza kukhusela. Le nkqubo imele yodwa. Indlela ekuphela kwendlela ehlala ngayo kukuba wonk ’ ubani uyathabatha inxaxheba.