Kwiminyaka elishumi edluleyo, iziko ledolophu kulo lonke uBukhosi baseUnited Kingdom ziye zaba ziindawo eziphambili kwiimbacu nabafuduki abafuna ukhuseleko, amathuba, kunye nesiqalo esitsha. Ulwandiso lwabatsha abafikayo ezixekweni luneengcinezelo ezikhethekileyo kwizakhiwo zasekuhlaleni, kwizindlu, kunye neenkonzo zikawonke-wonke. Kwimpendulo, oomatiloshe kunye neenkokeli zegunya bahambelana nenkqenkqeza phambili, iziso ezingaphaya kwemigaqo-mthetho yesizwe. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa indlela abaqhuba ngayo iimfuno ze-UK noodolaria kwimimandla yasedolophini, imingeni abajongene nayo, kunye neenkqubo ezintsha ezibangela ukufuduka kwesixeko.

Ukufuduka Okujikelezayo Kwizixeko EziseUK

Abemi beembacu nabafuduki baye banda kakhulu ukususela ngo-2010, beqhutywa yimfazwe e-Syria, e-Afghanistan, e-Ukraine, kwaye kutshanje ngokunxulumene nokufuduka kwemozulu kunye nokufuduka kwezoqoqosho ukusuka eAfrika naseMbindi Mpuma. Ngokutsho kwe uMqukumbelo we-Observatory [, phantse i-40% yabo bonke abantu abazalwa e-UK bahlala eLondon, kunye negrozinethi ezikhulu eBirmingham, eLeicester, e-Leicester, nase-Glasgow. Oku kuthetha ukuba ulawulo lwezixelo-odolottel lusoloko luyindawo yokuqala yokunxibelelana iinkonzo, inkxaso yezindlu, kunye nokuncedisa abantu.

Isicwangciso sokususa i-Ofisi Yasekhaya, efudusa abafuni bekhusi kwimimandla ephesheya kwelizwe ukukhulula uxinzelelo kwiLondon nakuMzantsi Mpuma, ihambisele phambili uxanduva. Izixeko ezifana neCardiff, iLiverpool, neSheffield ngoku zifumana amanani amakhulu eembacu phantsi kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokubuyisela ukhuseleko. Ukanti inkqubo yomgangatho wesizwe isoloko iphelelwa emva kwezibakala zasekuhlaleni, ishiya abameli besiya kugcwalisa izithuba ekufikeleleni kwempilo, inkxaso yomsebenzi, kunye nomanyano yoluntu.

Iingxaki Zeeore Ezijamelene Neembacu Nabemi Abafudukayo Kwimimiselo Yasedolophini

Ngaphambi kokuba uhlole inyathelo lomphathi-dolophu, kubalulekile ukuqonda imiqobo ekhethekileyo iimbacu nabafuduki abadibana nayo xa befika kwizixeko ze-UK. Ezi ngxaki zizinto ezihambayo nezidibeneyo:

  • Imiqobo yolwimi: Ukungabi nabuchule bamaNgesi kuhlala kungumqobo omnye omkhulu ekufumaneni iinkonzo, ekufumaneni umsebenzi, nasekwakheni iinxuwa zokunxibelelana. Kwaneembacu ezineemvelaphi ezingoochwepheshe zisenokuzama ukumelana namaNgesi afunekayo kumasimi azo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ukunganqabiseki: iimarike zokuqesha zasese ezixekweni zikhuphisana kakhulu, kwaye abanini-ndlu abaninzi bayathandabuza ukuqesha iimbacu okanye abaphambukeli abangenambali yeUK yerente okanye iguarant. Indawo yokuhlala yexeshana isoloko izele kakhulu okanye ingenamgangatho umgangatho ophezulu.
  • Iingxaki zokhuseleko: Abaphambukeli basoloko bejongene nobuchule obungahambelaniyo, ukufumaneka ngokungekho mthethweni kweemfaneleko zangaphandle, kunye nocalucalulo lomqeshi. Iimbacu zisoloko zifumana imali engaphaya kwemisebenzi ezinokuyikhusela, nto leyo ekhokelela kwintsebenziswano ephantsi kwemisebenzi neengxaki zemali.
  • [[NTL:0] Ukufikelela kwendlela yokwalathisa: Ngelixesha i-NHS inika inkathalo kubo bonke abemi, imiqobo ye-bureaucrates efana nokubonakalisa ukuba luncedo, ukubhalisa i GP, nokuqonda inkqubo kungathintela abaphambukeli ekufumaneni unyango olufike ngexesha elililo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ukwahlukaniswa okuzenzekelayo: Abatsha abafikayo badla ngokungabinamalungu entsapho okanye iingingqi zoluntu, okwenza unxulumano lube lukhulu. I-Xenophobia kunye nocalucalulo lobuhlanga, nangona kungaphantsi kunangaphambili, kuseyimiqobo yokuba ngamalungu.
  • Impilo yengqondo: Iimbacu ezininzi ziye zafumana intlungu, intshutshiso, okanye amaxesha ade okungaqiniseki ngexesha lokhuseleko. Ukufumana inkxaso yempilo yengqondo echukumiseke ngokwenkcubeko ayifumaneki.

Ezi ngxaki zidityaniswe kukuba imida yesixeko inqabile ukuhambelana nendlela yokuhlala yabafuduki. Imbacu ehlala kwidolophu esemaphandleni isenokuhamba imigama emide ukuze ifumane iiklasi zamaNgesi okanye amaziko omsebenzi, ibeka uxinzelelo olungakumbi kwizinto ezincinane esele zikho.

Iindlela ezicwangcisiweyo ze-UK Meya

Oomatiloshe be-UK basebenza kwisakhiwo esineentlobo-ntlobo ezingafaniyo zommandla. Abanye banamandla phezu kwezindlu, ezothutho, kunye nenkqubela-phambili yezoqoqosho, ngelixesha abanye bephethe impembelelo engundoqo okanye amandla athambileyo. Phezu kwayo nje le miqathango, abaninzi baye bavelisa ubuchule obuphangaleleyo bokuthetha ngomfuduko kunye neemfuno zeembacu. Amacandelo alandelayo achaza iinkcukacha eziziziphumo ezinomphumo.

Iinkqubo zolwimi nezokufundisa

Amagxamesi aye asebenzisa uququzelo lwesiNgesi ukwenzela iiNyanga Ezininzi (ESOL). E-Greater Manchester, iofisi yoomatiloshe enxulumene neekholeji kunye nemibutho yoluntu ukwenza i-EsoL yesixeko esinee-esol ekwandiseni ukufumaneka kodidi kunye nokuveliswa kweemodyuli zokufunda kwi-intanethi. Ngokufanayo, uMyaleli wase-London wakhupha i- “siNgesi sabo bonke”, apho amagunya asekuhlaleni kunye nemibutho yoncedo lokunikezela iiklasi ezikhululekileyo okanye eziphantsi kwemali kwimizi yoluntu, kumathala eencwadi, kunye neendawo zonqulo. Ezi nkqubo zisoloko zibotshelelwe kwilungiselelo lokunyamekela abantwana, zisenza zifumaneke kubazali, ingakumbi amabhinqa anokuthi akhutshwe ngaphandle.

Inkxaso yomsebenzi nezobugcisa

I-Orjects isiseko solwakhiwo olunempumelelo. I-Midlands Contined Teader, phantsi kokhokelo lomphathi-dolophu, yaseka “Inkqubo yeRefugee Offseability". Enika uqeqesho olunye lomsebenzi osemthethweni, iCV, kunye noqeqesho lwecandelo lobuchule obufana nolwakhiwo, ubuchule bempilo, kunye nobugcisa bamanani. Inkqubo ikwasebenza nabaqeshi ukuda utyekelo olungekho zingqondweni nokuqaphela iimfudulo zamazwe ngamazwe. Kumntla-Mpuma, umphathi-omatilone elungeleleneyo, usungule ubuchule be-Atlanti ye-menti ye-Athobacket. Ngokwemfuno ye-omatiko [[FLD]

Impilo neeNkonzo zempilo yengqondo

Abacebisi baye basebenzisa amandla abo empilo kawonke-wonke ukuphucula ukufikelela kwabo kwimpilo entle. UMayor we-London “Wezempilo yaseLondon” umanyano lwasemgangathweni waxhasa inkonzo yokunxibelelana ngengqondo ngokukhethekileyo kwiimbacu kunye nabafuni beekhusi, benikela unyango lokufakelwa kwengozi ngeelwimi ezininzi. EBirmingham, ibhunga lesixeko elixhaswa ngumlawuli wedolophu laseka iqela lezempilo elinikezeleyo kwi-NHS elithemba ukunciphisa amaxesha okulinda ukubhaliswa kwe-GP nokunikezela iikhasethi zempilo ngokwemimiselo yasekuhlaleni. Ezi zinyathelo zinzima ngenxa yokuba imithetho yezonyango yesizwe idla ngokuphatha abaphambukeli njengeqela elineegovhomogenous, ingahoyihoy, ingahoyi, ingakhathali iqela leelwimi namasiko ahlukeneyo ekufuneka kwizixeko ezikhoyo.

Ubandakanyeko loLuntu kunye neNxibelelwano yeNkcubeko

Ukwahlukaniswa kwabantu kusenokuba konakalisa njengezinto eziphathekayo. Abamangali baye baphendula ngokuxhasa iziganeko zezentengiso, iinkqubo zobume basekuhlaleni, kunye neenkqubo zokwamkela oontanga. UMmeli waseBristol wasungula iphulo le- “Bristol Wamkelekile”, elikhuthaza abemi ukuba basebenze ngokuzithandela “njengamaqhina aphezulu” kwiintsapho ezifikeyo. ELiverpool, umphathi wedolophu wasungula umanyano olukhuselekileyo, ezizisa kunye urhulumente wasekuhlaleni, iiyunivesithi, namaqela okholo ukuze bamkele iimbacu. Le migudu isoloko idityaniswa ngamaphulo okulwa namazibuko olwaphulo-mthetho achaza ulwaphulo-mthetho, idala imeko ekhuselekileyo yabafiki batsha.

Izinyathelo eziphambili zasekuhlaleni kwinkcukacha

Ngoxa izixeko ezininzi zisenza inkqubela, ezimbalwa zimele ukubonakala zibanzi, zithandekile, kwaye zisondele kakhulu kuluntu. Ukuhlolisisa olu hlolisiso lunika izifundo ezisebenzisekayo kwezinye iindawo zasedolophini.

Birmingham: “Isixeko” Inkqubo yokwamkela

Birmingham, isixeko sesibini se UK esikhulu kakhulu, sinembali ende yokufuduka. Ngo-2019, uMmeya weNtshona Midlands wabhengeza i- “Isixeko sokusamkela”, ingxowa yemali efumana i-$2,5,5 yezigidi zemali esasazwe ngaphezu kweminyaka emithathu. Inkqubo inikezela inkxaso ejikelezileyo kuquka izindlu zokwexeshana kwimisebenzi yebhunga, iiklasi ze-ESOL, kunye nomsebenzi onikezelweyo. Imodeli ekhethekileyo yi- “Cultal Navigator” efuziselweyo, apho amatsha aqeqeqeshiweyo avela kwimimandla ye-diasra esebenza njengezikhokelo ezintsha ezikhoyo zokuqhuba ibhunga, imfundo, kunye nobuchule bempilo. Uvavanyo lwangaphambili lubonisa ukuba abathathi benkonzo yokwenziwa yi-eau elungele umgangatho wesizwe sesizwe iminyaka emithathu ye-18.

IManchester: Umsebenzi Orhoxayo Nobuchule Bokusebenza

Ngaphantsi kokhokelo lukamphathi-mikhosi omkhulu wedolophu iManchester, isixeko-so sinika i- “Ubuchule bokusebenza kunye neSkinoloji” (MESP) ngo-2021. IMESP ihlanganisa abaqeshi abangama-30 basekuhlaleni, kuquka i-NHS, iSiemens, kunye neCoop, ukuqinisekisa udliwano-ndlebe kunye nokunikezelwa kweembacu. Umanyano lunika “imisebenzi yempangelo” ii-boontapham, ukubukisa, nokunyamekela abaqeshwa, konke okufuneka kakhulu kulo mmandla. Impumelelo yi-“Rordsport ukuya emsebenzini", efake i-500 yeembacus kwimisebenzi ehlala ikho ngeminyaka emibini. I-ofisi yoomatilo-o inikela ingxelo yokuba abasebenzi bathelekele iirhafu ezizigidi ezizini zemali kunye nemali yasekuhlaleni.

ILondon: Ukuqalisa Kothutho Lweembacu

IMayor yeNqaba yaseLondon i-Initive (RII) mhlawumbi yeyona nkqubo yamabhongo esixeko esinemabango kwi-UK. yaqaliswa ngo-2022, idibanisa kuzo zonke ii-32 zoovimba bamashishini ukunikezela ngeenkonzo ezizinzileyo. Amalungu e-Core aquka: uludwe lwezindlu lwezikhundla lwengingqi kwingingqi yengingqi yengingqi, imfundo, kunye nezibonelelo zezempilo zengqondo; ulwaphulo-mthetho lwe-mthetho lwe-London ngokubathiya; kunye “iRegee Kitchen". Iprojekthi yentlalo exhobisa iimba ezixhobisayo kwaye idibanisa izithuba zekhitshini. I-RII ikwanemali kwimisebenzi engcono yokudibanisa izibonelelo, ukupapasha “isizwe seIngegration". Ingxelo yoqingqo-mali ekhudluweyo ngonyaka i-ogratyani-mali ye-ograc.

Glasgow: Isixeko esingcwele

IGlasgow iye yaba lisixeko esiphangalalisayo sabafuni bekhusi ukususela ngowama-2, kunye nebhunga lesixeko elixhaswa ngusodolophu liye lavelisa “isixeko saseSanctuary” esikhulileyo. Le nkqubo igxininisa impilo yengqondo kunye nenkxaso yoontanga, kuquka“ i-Sanccuary Café” enika izidlo zeveki ngeveki kunye nendawo yentlalo yeembacu. IGlasgow yaqalisa ukulungiselela ukusondela kwe-“Yokuqala” kwiimbacu, ethi ihla izindlu ezisisigxina, inciphisa ukungabi namakhaya phakathi kwabafikeli. Impumelelo yalo manyano ibangelwa kukusebenzisana ngamandla neBhunga loMbutho wase-Scotland kunye namaquluko eencwadi, ibonisa ukuba umlawuli wedolophu angasondela kwisenzo sokwabelana.

Indima Ebalulekileyo yeenqanawa zomanyano

Akukho sodolophu unokuthetha ngeemfuno zeembacu kunye nabafuduki. Ukunxulumana okunempumelelo kufuna umanyano olunzulu phakathi korhulumente wasekuhlaleni, imibutho engeyoyamaqumrhu (NGOS), amaqela okholo, amashishini, nemibutho efudukayo. Amagxamesi asoloko esebenza njengamaqumrhu okuhlanganisana, ukwenza iinkqubo ezidibanisa ulwahlulo. Umzekelo, iNtshona Midlands Edityanisiweyo iQelanisa i-Aguebo loMbutho we-“Mquluko kunye no-Integration" equka abameli be-Ofishi ye-NHS, iiyunivesithi zongingqi, kunye nemicimbi yeembacu. Le bhodi idibana kunye nezixhobo zokudibanisa ubuchule kunye nolwahlulo-data, ukuvala uquququzelo nokuqinisekisa ukuba imiqobo yenkonzo igcwalisiwe.

KuMntla Ntshona, usodolophu weLiverpool City Region uxhase ukusungulwa kwamasebe oluntu anikela iinkonzo ezidityanisiweyo ngaphantsi kophahla olunye. KwiToxistes, isakhiwo sesikolo sangaphambili ngoku sineklasi ye-ESOL, ikliniki yamacebiso esemthethweni elawulwa yi-Citizens Applice, iqela labantwana elidlalayo, kunye nebhanki yokutya. Le nkonzo yeprojekthi yoshishino inciphisa imfuneko yabaphambukeli ukuba bahambe bangene kwisixeko ukuze bafumane iinkonzo ezahlukeneyo, ukuhlisa imiqobo yokunyusa imiqobo. Ikliniki-Mbali esemthethweni yesizwe i-Acamforeary [ ibonisa ukuba imodelity yenkonzo elolo hlobo lokusebenza i-ondleka ngokuthelekisa nge-40%.

Ukuxhasa Nokuzinzisa

Phezu kwayo nje impumelelo, amanyathelo oomatiloshe asoloko ejongene nokungazinzi kwenkxaso-mali. Iinkqubo zesizwe ezifana neSicwangciso seeThanga leempunge zokuRhulumente zixhaswa ngurhulumente ombindi, kodwa imisebenzi yomanyano yasekuhlaleni ixhomekeke kwimirhumo emifutshane evela kwi-ofisi yeKhaya okanye kwintlawulo yoncedo. Abaxhasi baye babiza ithutyana elide, ingxowa-mali yomanyano enikezelweyo enokunikwa ngokweemfuno zasekuhlaleni. Abanye baye bazama ukuzama ngenkxaso yenkxaso yentlalo, njengeminxeba yentlalo, apho abanikazi baxhasa imigaqo yemisebenzi kwaye bahlawulwa ngurhulumente ukuba iziphumo zihlangatyelelwane. Kodwa ke, le mizekelo iseziimeko zisezinkulu kwicandelo lokufudula.

Olunye ucelomngeni lukuxinezeleko phakathi kwegunya loomatiloshe kunye nenkqubo yokufuduka kwesizwe. Abavumisi abanakuyitshintsha imithetho yemvume, amaxesha okhuseleko, okanye ilungelo lokusebenza iimeko zabafuni bekhusi. Impembelelo yabo ilinganiselwe kwingqungquthela yasekuhlaleni: izabelo zezindlu, iindleko zothutho lukawonke-wonke, kunye nokhuseleko loluntu. Ukanti iinkqubo zesizwe zichaphazela ngqo iziphumo zokudibanisa uluntu. Umzekelo, ukuvalwa kokhuseleko olusebenzayo kucelwe ugxeko olunzima nguomatilo-dolophu abathi baluphikisayo ukuba lunyanzele abantu ekudeni kwe-detoomatilo nemisebenzi engacwangciswanga. Abanye oomatilomeya, njengabo baseLondon naseManberg, balindele ukuba banikeze inkxaso yemali engakumbi ekwalahlweni, bebonisa ukunyanze imida yokufuna ukhuseleko.

Umlinganiselo Womphumo Nokukhangela Kwikamva

Ukwandisa impumelelo yamanyathelo oodolophu kuntsonkothile. Umlinganiselo osezantsi uquka amanani emisebenzi, uzinzo lwezindlu, ukuqokelelwa kolwimi, kunye nomanyano loluntu. Ugcino-lwazi oluvela kwi-Ofisi yeZibalo zesizwe kunye namagunya asekuhlaleni lucebisa ukuba izixeko ezinolawulo olusebenzayo ekudibaniseni inkqubela-phambili ekhawulezileyo yokufumana inkululeko. Noko ke, ukukhutshwa kwemali kunzima kuba izinto ezininzi .

Xa bekhangela phambili, oosodolophu balungiselela imingeni emitsha. Isicwangciso soncedo lobugcisa base-Ukraine sabonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukusabela ngokukhawuleza xa uluntu kunye norhulumente wasekuhlaleni besebenza kunye. Izifundo ezisuka kuloo migudu zisetyenziselwa ukufikelela abantu abavela e-Afghanistan, eSudan, nasemoyeni echaphazelekayo. Abasebenzi base-Meya nabo bafaka imali kwizixhobo zamanani, njengeenkqubo zolwimi lwelwimi ezinceda iimbacu ukuba zifikelele kwiinkonzo kwaye zixele iingxaki ngexesha lokwenene. UMeya waseNtshona yeNgilani uqhube i-ngxoxo ye-ngxoxo ephendula imibuzo eqhelekileyo ngezindlu, ukunyamekela impilo, kunye nemfundo ngeelwimi ezintlanu ezintlanu, ukunciphisa umthwalo kwiqela labasebenzi abaphambili.

Abahlalutyi benkqubo yase-Urban badala iimeko zokufumana ingxelo ekhawulezileyo kunye nenkqubela-phambili. Abathathi-nxaxheba baphikisa ukuba amadolobha ziindlu zophando lwezobuGcisa zendalo ukuze kuhlaziywe i-Phondo. Ubunzima bawo bomsebenzi, ukwahluka-hluka kwabemi, kunye nolwandiso lwabaqeshi benza iimeko zokufumana iziphumo ngokukhawuleza kunye nenkqubela phambili. Abasebenzi, ngenxa yokuba bamele baphendule ngqo kwii-accomplications kwaye banganyangelwanga kakhulu liqela lesizwe, bangazama ngeendlela zokuphepha ezo nkonzo zikarhulumente ombini. Lo mbutho wasekuhlaleni uxabisekile kwindawo esoloko iphikiswa yimpikiswano yesizwe.

Isiphelo: Ukwakha Ngokwenene Abantu Abasemadolophini Apheleleyo

Oomatiloshe bedolophu abangoomlawuli benkqubo emiselwe ngokusembindini; basebenza ngokumayela nokudibanisa. Ngenkqubo yolwimi, ngokusebenza, ngokusebenza, ngokuhambelana kwezonyango, nangokudibana kwengingqi, bathetha ngeemfuno ezisisiseko zeembacu kunye nabafuduki kwimimandla yedolobha. Imizekelo evela eBirmingham, iManchester, iLondon, neGlasgow ibonisa ukuba xa oomatiloshe bekhokela ngokubona nangentsebenziswano, amadolobha aba zizindawo apho abatsha banokuphinda baphinde bavuse ubomi babo ngesidima nangenjongo. Kodwa, le migudu ifuna ukuxhaswa ngamandla angakumbi kwimithetho yokufuduka, kwaye inyanze ukuzinikela okuqhubekayo kwingxoxo yezentlalo-ntle. Indlela ephambili ibekwe phambili ithetha ukuba ukufudula akuyiyo kodwa inkqubo eqhubekayo yokungenelela ibutho labantu. Ngoomatilo-dolophu abahlala ezindaweni ezihlala kulo lonke, abaxhasi abaxhasi abaxhasi abaxhasi baxhasa imicimbi imicimbi yezeneewabo.