Indlela Igosa Lesizwe Elixhasa Ngayo Ukulungiswa Kwezibonelelo Emva Kweentlekele

Xa kugaleleka iintlekele zendalo ezinjengezikhukula, iinyikima, iinyikima, okanye imililo yedangatye, abantu basoloko bejamelene nomonakalo ombi kwisiseko sabo. Izixhobo zendlela, iibhulorho, imigca engqukuva, ukuwa kwemibhobho yamandla, kwaye iinkqubo zokunxibelelana kwamanzi ziyasilela. Ezi ngxaki zingenza ubomi bemihla ngemihla, zithintele ukusabela kongxamiseka, zize zilibazise ukuchachachachacha kweeveki okanye iinyanga. Kwiziphumo zangoko, enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo ezikhoyo kwilizwe nakurhulumente basekuhlaleni zi-Rhulumente. Njengoko umkhosi owedwa onezimo zoburhulumente ezikhethekileyo, uyakwazi ukuxhobisa ngokukhawuleza ukuxhasa isakhiwo soncedo, ukulungiselela ubuchule bokulungisa, kunye nokubuyisela iinkonzo ezibalulekileyo. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa iindlela ezithile ezikhoyo kwimeko zolawulo lwesizwe emva kweengozi, ukulungiselela iingozi zovavanyo olude lwenkqubo zovavanyo.

Indima Embaxa Yonogada Besizwe Ekuphenduleni Kwintlekele

INational Guard isebenza phantsi kwesakhiwo esivumela ukuba ikhonze amagunya orhulumente kunye norhulumente wesizwe. Kwiimeko ezininzi zentlekele, irhuluneli yemeko echaphazelekayo ibangela ukuba abagada phantsi kolawulo lorhulumente (isihloko 32 kwimeko). Oku kuvumela ukuba Abagadi bafumane inkxaso yemali kunye nomsebenzi phantsi komyalelo karhulumente jikelele ngexa benxibe iiyunifomu zomkhosi kunye nokufumana intlawulo karhulumente. Kwiintlekele ezinkulu, uMongameli angalawula amaqela aBagada (iSihlo 10 isimo) ukuxhasa imigudu yolawulo eqhutywa ngu-FEMA. Oku kuvumela amaqela aBagadayo ukuba anqamle imigca yombuso, azise izixhobo ezongezelelweyo, kwaye asebenze phantsi komyalelo owenziwayo ngemikhosi esebenzayo xa kuyimfuneko.

Ubuchule bokusabela ngokukhawuleza buluncedo oluphambili. Ngexa amaqela omkhosi asebenzayo esenokuthatha iintsuku ukulungiselela nokusebenzisa, amaqela okhuselo asoloko ebekwe kuluntu oluchaphazelekayo okanye kwiindawo ezikufuphi. Oku kusondelelana kwawo kwenza ukuba aqalise uhlolo kunye nokulungisa imisebenzi yesiseko somsebenzi kwisithuba seeyure zentlekele.

Umonakalo Wokuqala Wokucingela Nokulungelelana

Omnye wemisebenzi yokuqala nebalulekileyo uLonga lwamazwe omkhosi owenzileyo nguluhlolo . Amaqela oononjineli bogada, amapolisa asemkhosini, kunye neengcali zothungelwano anikezelwa ukuhlola iindlela, iibhulorho, iintambo zombane, nezinye izinto ezingundoqo. Lusebenzisa umxube womhlaba, ii-randossion, iinqwelo-moya, kunye neenqwelo-moya ezibhabhabhayo ukuchaza iindlela ezinokudlula, ubuthathaka bokwakha, kunye nengozi ezifana neentambo zamandla aphantsi okanye iintloko zegesi ezivuzayo. Olu lwazi lwazi ludluliselwa kumbindi wemeko yexesha likaxakeka, apho lunceda imigudu yokulungisa kunye nezixhobo eziqokelelwayo.

Ukulungelelaniswa kwamagosa asekuhlaleni kubalulekile. Oku kusebenza kwamagosa onxibelelwano olunoncedo kubandakanya abaphathi bongxamiseko baseluqikelelweni, amasebe kawonke-wonke, kunye neenkampani zezembane ukuze zilungelelanise imigudu. Umzekelo, Abagada basenokunceda amapolisa kunye noluntu ukuba basebenzele ukususa ukungcola kwindlela eziphambili ukuze abasebenzi abalungisayo bafikelele kwimijelo eyonakeleyo okanye kwizityalo zokunyanga amanzi.

Ukubuyisela Imigaqo Ebalulekileyo: Iindlela, Iibhulorho Nezakhiwo Ezincinane

Xa uhlolo lugqityiwe, ukutshintshana kweNational Guard kulungiso lwezandla nokubuyiselwa. Nazi iindawo eziphambili apho abasebenzi boMgaqo-majoni nezixhobo benza khona eyona mpembelelo iphambili:

Ukususwa Nokulungiswa Kwendlela

Ukususwa kwe-Debri kusoloko kuyinto ephambili. Iiyunithi zokhuselo zizisa izixhobo ezinzima ezinjengeematshini zokugawula, izimbiwa, iilori, kunye nesiphelo sesiphelo sangaphambili sezixhobo. Ii-injini ziqeqeshelwa ukucoca izithuthi, zisebenzisa izithuthi ezikhethekileyo ezifana neM9 Sildd Develot Earthpover kunye neM1151 Engalawulekiyo Izixhobo Ezingundoqo Zeziqhubo Ezinzima Zeenjongo Ezinzima Ezingathandekiyo Ezingaveliyo (HMMWV) ukutyhala inkunkuma esecaleni, ukugcwalisa izihlambo zokuhlamba, nokulungisa ibhulorho endoobheni ezitheneyo. Njengendlela ye-Bailey ebekwe eMkhosi ngaphambi kwezixhobo, zinokuhlanganiswa ngokukhawuleza ziingingqi zamajoni ukuze zibuyise unikezelo oluphazalelweyo oluphangaleleyo okanye oludityayo kuMdilikaneyo 2018, xa i-Admishinieant ziphinda-kadiediedie.

Ukubuyiselwa Kwenzala: Amandla, Amanzi, Nonxibelelwano

Ukubuyisela izinto eziluncedo zesixhobo sombane yenye indawo apho uVanga banikela inkxaso ebalulekileyo. Ngelixesha amaqela emigca evela kwiinkampani zamandla ephatha ukulungiswa kolawulo oluphambili, oogada kunye neeyunithi zokhuseleko zinceda umsebenzi wabo ngokucoca iindlela zokufikelela, ngokunika izibaso kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko. Kwezinye iimeko, iiyunithi zokhuselo kunye noqeqesho lombane okanye umatshini zinceda ekumiseleni iirenjisi zexeshana zezixhobo ezichaphazelekayo ezifana nezibhedlele, izibhedlele zokunyanga amanzi, kunye nezikhuseli zokhuseleko. Abagadi basebenzisa izithuthi zonxibelelwano ezihambayo ezinokubuyisela iseli kunye ne-intanethi yonxibelelwano kwiindawo apho isakhiwo sokhuselo somkhosi woMkhosi we-Antingenzelo (JISCC) zinokuthunyelwa ukuze kunikwe ilizwi, i-data, kunye nevidiyo yonxulumano lwe-oactiverediotals kunye nolwanomenti.

Isakhiwo samanzi neseawer

Iziganeko zemfazwe zidla ngokubangela ukungcoliswa kwamanzi afumaneka kunye nomonakalo kwiinkqubo zokuchitha amanzi amdaka. Kulo mkhosi, kuqukwa amaqela axhasa abantu, aquka imichiza, ityhefu, i-radiologic, kunye ne-'CBN' yenyukliya, zingavavanya ubulunga bamanzi kwaye zibone iingozi. Ii-injini ezinamandla okucoca amanzi zingenza inkqubo yokubuyisela amanzi acocekileyo ukuze afumane amanzi okusela kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo. Ngaphezu koko, abasebenzi bezixhobo zokucoca amanzi amda womoya abanceda ukulungisa iintambo zomonakalo ngokumba nokuthatha indawo yemibhobhobho. Kwizi enkulu, njengaleyo yabonwa ngexesha leNquluko iHarvey 2017, oomatilasi belishi bezomkhosi basebenza ecaleni kwemikhosi edambileyo ekhuthukileyo yokubuyisela ukungcola kolwandle.

Uqeqesho Nokululungiselela: Isiseko Sentsabelo Ephumelelayo

Ngokungafaniyo nemibutho yamatsha - ntliziyo, amalungu alo mkhosi angamajoni aqeqeshiweyo aqeqeshela unyaka wonke (ukuze aqeqeshe iinkonzo zomlo kunye neengxaki zasekhaya. Iinkqubo eziliqela zoqeqesho zinxulumene ngqo nokulungisa ilahleko:

  • Uqeqesho lwe-injini yoonjineli abagada (oononjineli be-compet, iinkampani zolwakhiwo lwebhulorho, oononjineli bokwakha) uloliwe kwisakhiwo sendlela, ukwakhiwa kwebrorho, ukwenziwa kwembumba, kunye nokulungiswa kwesakhiwo. Abaninzi bafumana iziqinisekiso ezilinganayo norhwebo lokwakha lwasekuhlaleni.
  • Izixhobo zokungenisa nokunikezela ulawulo lwetsheyina: Amajoni akwikota yomphathi, yezithuthi, kunye neqela lorhwebo afunda indlela yokuhambisa izixhobo ezinzima, ukulawula amafutha namanzi ngokuphinda-phinda, kunye nokusebenzisa amagumbi okupheka entsimini aguqulela ngokungqalileyo kwinkxaso abasebenzi abalungisa umhlaba.
  • Ukuphendula ngokuphandle kwezamayeza: Ngelixesha kungekho zibonelelo zingqalileyo, abasebenzi bezonyango banyanga iingozi phakathi kwabasebenzi abalungisayo namaxhoba entlekele, beqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bahlala bephilile kwaye bekwazi ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi.
  • Iizifundo ezithe ngqo: Abalindi bathatha inxaxheba kwimithambo edityanisiweyo kunye ne-FEMA, umkhosi wase-U.S. umkhosi we-Ingineers, kunye namaqumrhu olawulo lukarhulumente longxamiseko. Umzekelo, ungcelele lweeNqaqo lwaMaqonga lwaminyaka le lweNqanawa zifanisa iintlekele kunye neemvavanyo zolungiso lwezibonelelo.

Oku kulungiselela kuvumela amaqela abalindi ukuba asetyenziswe ngesaziso esincinane. Xa inkanyamba ingaphambili ingaphambili, amaqela abagcini-majoni asenokufumana izixhobo zangaphambili kunye nabasebenzi kufutshane nemimandla ephezulu, ukonakalisa amaxesha okusabela iintsuku ngeeyure. Emva kwentlekele, angatshintsha ukusuka kuvavanyo ukuya kulungiswa ngaphandle kokuba kufuneke uqeqesho olongezelelekileyo.

Ukuxhasa uluntu nokuchacha okuthabatha ixesha elide

Indima yeNational Guard ingaphezulu kakhulu kumgangatho wokuqala wexesha likaxakeka. Kwiintlekele ezininzi, amaqela abalindi ahlala emsebenzini kangangeeveki okanye iinyanga, exhasa ulungiso olukhawulezileyo kunye nokuchacha okukhawulezileyo. Umsebenzi wawo unceda abantu bangaqalisi nje kuphela ukwakhiwa kodwa babuye bomelele ngakumbi.

Ukunceda Kwisakhiwo Sokwexeshana

Ngelixesha ulungiso olusisigxina luqhubeka, uVavanyi banceda ekumiseni nasekusebenziseni izisombululo zokwexeshana. Imizekelo iquka:

  • [[UMTL:0] Ibhulorho ezithe tye: Njengokuba kukhankanyiwe, oononjineli bomkhosi bangamisa iibhulorho ezithwala izithuthi ezipheleleyo zasekuhlaleni ngeli lixa izakhiwo ezisisigxina ziyilwe kwaye zakhiwe.
  • [[Unikezelo lwepetroli olugqithisileyo: Emva kwesaqhwithi esikhulu iSandy, iiyunithi zogada ziseke iikhowuthi ezihambayo zepetroli ukuze zigcine oomatshini bombane besebenza kwaye zinikezele iinqwelo-mafutha zokulungisa.
  • Isiqhagamsheli kunye nocoselelo lwamazibuko: Kwiintlekele zonxweme, amaqela amajoni ahla ahla asusa ukungcola kwimijelo yokuqhuba inqanawa, evumela izikhephe ezikhephe kunye neenqanawa zokulungisa inqanawa ukuba zifikelele kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo.

Ukuxhasa iprojekthi yokwakha kwakhona ezihlala ixesha elide

Amazwe amaninzi agada aye amisela iinkqubo zotshintsho ezitsha zokusuka ekusabeleni ephunyezweni. Umzekelo, umkhosi womkhosi wesizwe woMkhosi woMsebenzi waseKhalifoniya uRattlesnake wanceda ekwakheni imizila yemfazwe nezindlela ezonakaliswe yimililo etshatshayelo. ETexas, iinjineli zoonjineli zincedile ekulungiseni iinkqubo zokukhupha amanzi angena emanzini amda namanzi angenayo. Ezi zibonelelo zibandakanya ukuncedisana namaqumrhu noobhasholo lwe-omeli besizwe njenge-U.S. Umkhosi womkhosi waMajoni ase-Enginers, amasebe ezothutho, kunye nezindlu zobulali. Umkhosi womkhosi womkhosi wasekuhlaleni ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nezixhobo zokwakha ixesha, ukunciphisa iindleko zokwakha kwakhona kunye nezixhobo ezikhawulezayo, zivumela abantu ukuba baphinde bafumane ixesha eliqhelekileyo.

Ukubuyiselwa nokurhoxiswa

Emva kwentlekele, uLindi angafak ’ isandla kumlinganiselo wokuzinzisa okhusela umonakalo wexesha elizayo. Oku kuquka ukomeleza izibonelelo ezikhoyo, ukuphakamisa iindlela kwiindawo ezikwindawo ezikhukulayo, kunye nokufaka izibonda ezinamandla kakhulu zoncedo. Ngenxa yokuba amaqela okhuselo eyinxalenye yoluntu abalukhonzayo, banomthi wobuqu ekuqinisekiseni ukuba izibonelelo ezitsha ziyakwazi ukumelana nentlekele elandelayo. Ingqwalaselo yabo koko kusebenzayo noko kungakhange kuphendulweyo inceda abacebi basekuhlaleni benze ukhetho olukrelekrele.

Imizekelo yehlabathi lokwenene yolungiso lwezibonelelo zokhuselo lwesizwe

Ukuzekelisa umgama ababandakanyekileyo kuwo abalindi, qwalasela le misebenzi iphawulekayo:

  • Hurricane Katrina (2005): Ngaphezu kwe 50 000 imikhosi yamajoni yathunyelwa kwiGulf Coast. I-injini isusa ukungcola ukusuka kwiikhilomitha ezingama-4000 zeendlela, ukulungisa iileves, kunye nokubuyiselwa kwamandla kwizakhiwo eziyingozi. Igada lasebenzisa iinkqubo zokuhlanjululwa kwamanzi okwexeshana ezanika izigidi zamanzi acocekileyo imihla ngemihla.
  • [[FLT: 0] IHurricane Maria (2017)- Puerto Rico: Iiyunithi zokhuselo ezivela kumazwe amaninzi athunyelwe kwisiqithi ukuxhasa ulungiso lwezibonelelo. Zasusa ukudilika kwesakhiwo kwiindlela zentaba, zakha kwakhona iibhulorho zokwexeshana kusetyenziswa iibhulorho zebhulorho zexeshana, zanceda ukubuyisela igridi yombane ngokudibanisa iintambo ezintsha kunye nokumisa izibonda zoncedo.
  • ICalifornia Wilds (2021): Ugada waseKhalifoniya wasebenzisa izixhobo ezinzima ukudala ukuqhekeza komlilo, imithi efileyo, nokulungisa iindlela zokufikelela kwizithuthi zokucima umlilo. Emva komlilo weKampa, oonjineli bogada bancedisa ekususeni ukungcola okuyingozi nokwakhiwa kweekhilomitha zondlela kwimimandla etshisiweyo.
  • 2023 Imililo yaseHawaii: Ugada wesizwe waseHawaii wanika indlela yokususa, yokususa ukungcola, nenkxaso yonxibelelwano eLahaina. Basebenzisa oomatshini bombane kunye noovimba bokusasaza amanzi abasebenza ukubuyisela amandla namanzi kwizakhiwo ezisindileyo.

Indlela Abalindi Abayifaka Ngayo Inkqubo Yokufumana Impilo Ebanzi

INational Guard ayisebenzi kwi-athom. Lilungu elinye lenkqubo yokufumana ulwamkelo olukhulu eliquka i-FEMA, umkhosi womkhosi wase-U.S. umkhosi waMasipala oMphini, urhulumente kunye nemisebenzi yoluntu, icandelo lobuqu (iinkampani zokwakha, iifeme zokwakha), kunye neenkampani ezingazifaki ngeniso. Igalelo elikhethekileyo loMgaqo-majoni kukukwazi ukusebenza phantsi kwengqeqesho yemikhosi kunye nomyalelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba imisebenzi igqitywe ngokunempumelelo nakwesiphithiphithiphithi-xha. Iiyunithi zokhuselo ziyakwazi ukuzimisela ngokwazo iziseko zazo, kwaye zinxibelelane neenkqubo ezifihlakeleyo xa izibonelelo zomthetho zisezantsi. Oku kuzenza zixabiseke kwiiyure zokuqala ezingama-7 xa ezinye izibonelelo zemali zisekho.

Abalawuli belizwe bangacela i-Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) imbuyekezo yamaxabiso ogada phantsi koMthetho weStafford. Le nkqubo yemali ivumela amaqela ogada ukuba asetyenziswe kumaxesha awenziweyo ngaphandle koqingqo-mali karhulumente oludinisayo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iBhunga likwagunyazise ukusebenzisa imali yomgaqo kwiprojelo enzima, ukuqaphela ukuba ingeniso yangaphambi kwe-distaster iphumelel eninzi kunexabiso lokulungiswa kweposi-distaster.

Inkcazelo eninzi ngendlela amaqela aligada abekelwe ngayo impendulo yentlekele, bona i-website yomkhosi wesizwe [[FLT:] kunye ne yokufunda.gov elungiselweyo izinto zobuncwane. Ngaphezu koko, U.S. Corps of Engineers amaqela asoloko egada kwimisebenzi emikhulu ehamba phambili.

Ucelomngeni Nezinto Ezisikelwe U umda

Phezu kwako nje ukukwazi kwawo, uKhuseleko lukazwelonke lujongene neengxaki zokulungisa izibonelelo. Okokuqala, abasebenzi abanogada bangabami-onesidari; banemisebenzi neentsapho. Ulwandiso lungabangela ukuba ubomi babo bobuqu kunye nabaqeshi basebenze. Okwesibini, izixhobo zoMgada, ngoxa zinamandla, zenzelwe iinjongo zemfazwe kwaye zisenokungasoloko zifanelekile kwimisebenzi yokulungisa imisebenzi yasekuhlaleni. Umzekelo, oomatshini abaxhotyisi bezixhobo zomkhosi banzima kwaye bangenza umonakalo obuthathaka. Indima yewonga, ukulungelela nolwakhiwo kunye namasebe angoorhulumente inokuba nesantya esithe kratya, ingakumbi xa kukho izinto eziphambili ezingqubanayo. Okokugqibela, igada ayinakukwazi ukutshintsha ubuchule obukhethekileyo bezentelezi zixhobo, oononjineli bebrorhorhosho, okanye abasebenzi bamanzi. Indima ye-gadabi i-odoli i-operatenti, i-opera yezixhobo zolungisoomistlishoshoshoshosho.

Isiphelo

INational Guard ibalulekile ekulungiseni izibonelelo emva kweentlekele zemvelo. Isakhiwo sayo esibini sephondo sinceda ukuqokelelwa ngokukhawuleza, ukuqeqeshwa kwayo okubanzi kuyilungiselela imisebenzi emininzi, kwaye ubukho bayo obusekelwe ekuhlaleni buqinisekisa ukuba amajoni anolwazi nozibopho lwasekuhlaleni. Ukususa kunye nokwakha iibhulorho zokwexeshana zokubuyisela izinto ezisebenzisa izixhobo zendalo kunye nokuxhasa ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwexesha elide, ukuqinisekisa ukuba abagada banceda abantu bahlaziyeke ngokukhawuleza nangokukhuselekileyo. Njengoko ukutshintsha kwemozulu kuya kwandisa ukukhula kobuninzi kunye nobunzulu beziganeko zemozulu, abasebenzi bezokhuselo-modyulis, abaphathi bemeko-mouse, abanoxakeka, abahlali-mthetho, abahlali benoxakeka, kunye nabahlali be- nkonzo bafanele baqonde kwaye baxhase olu ncedo olubalulekileyo, beqinisekisa ukuba abalindileyo, bexhotyile, benotyiswe, bephendula kwimnxebo xa kungqubano.