Ngaphaya Kwedabi: Indima Engakumbi Yogada Besizwe Kwinzululwazi Nendawo Esingqongileyo

Xa inkoliso yabantu baseMerika icinga ngeNational Guard, imifanekiso yoncedo lwentlekele, ukuthunyelwa kwezixhobo zaphesheya, okanye imisebenzi yokhuseleko lwasekhaya isoloko ifika engqondweni. Kodwa ngaphantsi kwalo msebenzi waziwayo umiselwe ukuba kuhlale kuthe cwaka, indima ebalulekileyo: inkxaso eqhubekayo yoMgaqo-majoni kuphando lwenzululwazi kunye nokugada indalo. Ukulandelela ii-athom zetyhefu emva kweengozi zoshishino zokuhambisa iinqwelo-ndlela ngexesha lemisitho, ngoku i-National Guard isebenza njengebhulorho enzima phakathi kokuzimisela komkhosi kunye ne-ongineengine. Le njongo i-enjongo zidibene, ibekwe igalelo elinguMgaqo-ngameli lingumntu obalulekileyo kumaziko asekuhlaleni, iyunivesithi, kunye nabantu basekuhlaleni abasebenza ekuqondeni nokukhusela ihlabathi lethu lendalo.

Ixabiso leLindi kwimisebenzi yalo yenzululwazi lisuka kwisakhiwo sayo esikhethekileyo sentlangano. Ngeqela elibekwe kuwo onke amaphondo angama-50, amasimi amathathu, kunye neSithili saseColumbia, igada linika amandla asasazwa ngokukhawuleza anokufumaneka kwiindawo ezikude okanye ezisekwe ekudibeni xa amaqela asekuhlaleni engakwazi. Le ndawo yokumisa, idityaniswe nezixhobo ezizodwa kunye nobuchule, ivumela uMgaqo ukuba uxhase uphando kunye noophelo lweenkonzo ebelungenakukwazi okanye lungathintelwa ngexabiso lamaziko asekuhlaleni kuphela.

Isiseko Senzululwazi Selizwe Sogada

Enye yezona nxaxheba zibalulekileyo kuphando lwenzululwazi kukuveliswa kwayo kobuchule bokuthuthwa kweelebhu, izixhobo zobuchule bokufumanisa indalo, kunye nabasebenzi abazinikeleyo abaqeqeshelwe ukuvavanya imeko-bume. Ezi zinto, ekuqaleni ezazifumanelwe ukukhusela imichiza, ibhayoloji, i-adiografiki, kunye nenyukliya (CBRN), ziye zabuyiselwa okanye zafakwa ngexesha elinye ukuxhasa imisebenzi yokuhlola imekobume kulo lonke eli lizwe.

Iinqwelo - moya ezihambayo kunye neenkqubo zokusetyenziswa kwethafa

Imibutho emininzi yesizwe yogada igcina amaqonga eelebhu ahambayo anokuqhutywa, abhabhelwe, okanye athunyelwe kuyo nayiphi na indawo kwisithuba seeyure. Ezi yunithi zizimeleyo zixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zegesi, i-spectrometers, imichiza, kunye neenkqubo zokufumanisa izinto zebhayoloji ezikwaziyo ukuchonga izinto ezifakelwa emoyeni, amanzi, kunye nesampula yomhlaba. Ngexesha le-2010 Deewater Dierhooxieo, umzekelo, iLouisiana National Guard Guards axhasa imigudu yokuhlola imekobume yemeko-bume eGulf Coast, inika amaqela eencwadi yexesha lokwenene yokuphendula kunye nezazinzulu zolawulo.

Iinqwelo zogcino-lwazi ezihambayo ze-garder ziquka zombini izithuthi ezisekelwe emhlabeni kunye nezikhongozeli zenzelwe ukudibanisa ngokukhawuleza kwimisebenzi yasemasimini. Ezi platifomu ziqiniswe ngenxa yokungathandeki kwemekobume, zivumele ukuba zisebenze kubushushu obugqithisileyo, umkhuhlane, okanye iimeko eziyingozi apho iilebhu ezingathathi-nxaxheba zingenakukwazi ukumisa indawo yokuhlala. Uhlaziyo lwakutshanje longezelele amandla okusebenza okusebenza okunyakazela okude, okwenza ukuba izazinzulu kwiyunivesithi okanye kumaqumrhu orhulumente zifumane ulwazi kunye nokufumana ividiyo kwimimandla eqhelekile engamakhulu eekhilomitha.

Ukongeza kwiirabhoratori ezihambayo, iiyunithi zokhuselo ziyakwazi ukufikelela kwiinkqubo zeenqwelo-moya ezingasetyenziswanga ngabantu (ii-drones) ezixhotyiswe ngeekhamera ezininzi kunye nemifanekiso eshushu. Ezi ndawo zoovimba benqwelo-moya zixhasa uvavanyo lwempilo yezityalo, uhlolisiso lwabemi bezilwanyana zasendle, kunye nomthombo wongcoliso kwiindawo ekunzima okanye eziyingozi ukufikelela kuzo ngeenyawo. I-National Guard Bureauor Bureauniauniars ikhuthalele ngokukhutheleyo ukusetyenziswa kwee-dronas ukuhlola imekobume, ukuqaphela ukusetyenziswa kwezi zixhobo ezinokusetyenziswa kwezi zixhobo ezikusetyenziswa ngokukuko zombini ezisetyenziswa koqeqesho lomkhosi noncedo loluntu.

Izixhobo kunye neenethwekhi zabasebenzi boluvo ezikhethekileyo

Ngaphandle kwee-labbs ezihambayo, iQuage isebenzisa uthungelwano olukhulayo lwezimvo zemekobume ekwaziyo ukujongwa ngokuqhubekayo kwiindawo ezibanzi zomhlaba. Izimvo ezisekelwe emhlabeni zilandela imilinganiselo yomgangatho womoya equka izinto ezidityanisiweyo, i-ozone, i-nitrogen diokside diokside. Izitishi zokuhlola amanzi, ezilungiselelwe ukunxibelelana ne-U.S. Uvavanyo lwenzululwazi yemekobume yendalo (USGS) kunye namaqumrhu emeko yemeko-bume, i-pH, i-athonsibibibity, i-oksityha, i-okneoksi, kunye nobukhokho be-okntsobho e-oksi.

Uninzi lwala mava adlulisela ugcino-lwazi ngesethala okanye ii-cellalm, evumela abasebenzi bogada ukuba bagcine ulwazi lwemeko kude. Xa kufunyaniswa ufundo olungaqhelekanga, amaqela asentsimini angathunyelwa ukuze abonise ukungqinelana nokuhlalutyiswa. Oku kusetyenziswa kwemixube edityanisiweyo, ukudibanisa ukujongwa okuqhubekayo nokujoliswe kwimpendulo ejongiweyo, izipili zengqiqo yomkhosi yokuzingisisa ukuqwalasela kwaye zingqine zisebenza ngokunempumelelo kakhulu ekusetyenzisweni kwemekobume.

Umgangatho woluntu: Ubuchule bomsebenzi weSebe noqeqesho

Amandla enzululwazi kazwelonke okhuseleko anokuba ngenakwenzeka ngaphandle kwamadoda namabhinqa asebenza kwimiqathango yawo. Ngokungafaniyo namaqela omkhosi omkhosi ozinzileyo, uKhuseleko luyilwe kakhulu ngamajoni nangamadoda asebenza ngeendawo ezincinane azisa ubuchule bezoburhulumente kwinzululwazi, kubunjineli, impilo kawonke-wonke, kunye nolawulo lwemekobume kwimisebenzi yawo yasemkhosini. Oku kusebenza kwamacandelo amabini ekwakheni kwelo sebe kungomnye wamandla amakhulu eenkonzo zenzululwazi.

Izazinzulu Ezifanayo

Kumsebenzi wabo wokusebenza, basebenzela iiyunivesithi, amasebe karhulumente, iirejista, iirejitali, okanye iinkampani zokuhlola indalo. Xa becebe ukuba kwenziwe iphulo lenzululwazi, aba bantu bazisa ubuchule babo kunye nolwazi lwabo lwezemfundo, ngokufuthi besebenza kunye nabantu abangathathi-nxaxheba abasuka kwingingqi enye.

Amaqela enkxaso-mali eMkhosi woMkhosi wase-U.S. ngokunjalo, amaqela anikezelweyo eenkonzo zenzululwazi kunye nobugcisa. Amaqela enkxaso yeMbasa yeMidlalo yama-Mass-Civil (WMD-CSTs), umzekelo, amaqela esizwe aqeqeshiweyo ngexesha elipheleleyo aqeqeshelwe ukuchonga nokuhlola imichiza, ibhayoloji, kunye neengozi zeradiographic. La maqela aye axhotyiswa ukuxhasa uhlolo lwemekobume bemeko-yomzini emva kweengozi, ukuchitheka kwemichiza, kunye nentlekele yendalo. Ubuchule bawo bokujonga ingozi kunye neziphumo zemekobume buguqulela ngqo kwimigudu yophando neyokuhlola imikhosi yamajoni.

Ukuqeqeshwa koMnqamlezo neNkqubo

Abasebenzi bezenzululwazi beli candelo basoloko belolonga kunye namaqabane abo abasuka kwi- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)[FLT], USGS, National Oceanism kunye ne-Atmospheric Administration (NOA), kunye namasebe esizwe okusingqongileyo. Le mithambo idityanisiweyo igquma imigaqo ecwangcisiweyo yenkqubo yenkqesho, imilinganiselo yolawulo logcino-data, kunye nemithetho esemthethweni esemthethweni yokusebenza kwindawo ezikhoyo ezingcoliswe. Isiphumo sisixhobo esinokudibana ngokungenalusingeko kwimisebenzi yenzululwazi ehamba phambili.

Kumaphondo amaninzi, amalungu ogada aba nenxaxheba kwimithambo yokuhlola imekobume efana neemeko zehlabathi zokwenene. Ezi zenzo zivavanya ukukwazi koMgaqo-majoni ukulungiselela iirabhoratori ezihambayo, ukuseka uqhagamshelwano nezazinzulu zesizwe, ukuqokelela nokuphonononga iisampuli phantsi kwengcinezelo yexesha, kunye nokudlulisela izinto ezifunyenweyo kubenzi bezommiselo. Izikolo ezifundwa kwezi ziganeko zidityaniswe kwiinkqubo kunye nezixhobo ezithenjiweyo.

Ukuhlolwa kwemisebenzi yokusingqongileyo ngaphaya kohlanga

Isebe lokuhlola imekobume leNational Guard liquka umgangatho womoya, amanzi, ungcoliso lomhlaba, impilo yezilwanyana nendalo.

Ubunjani bomoya obujongwa ngexesha lomlilo wasendle kunye nophuhliso lwezemizi - mveliso

Ixesha lomlilo wasendle, ngoku elinwebeka ixesha elide kwaye litsha kakhulu ngaphaya kwentshona ye-United States, liye laba ngumqhubi omkhulu wezokhuselo lwemekobume. Xa imililo yemfazwe igquma abantu bemilo etshayelela umsi, iirabhoratori ezihambayo zisebenza ukuqwalasela izinto ezidityanisiweyo (PM2.5), ikharbon monoxide, imichiza ekhupha umoya ongcolisekileyo, kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisa umoya ezinobungozi. Le nkcazelo yexesha isondla kwimijikelezo yempilo kawonke, izigqibo ezivaliweyo zesikolo, kunye nokhokelo kubantu abasengozini abanjenge-afreatrains okanye abo baneemeko zokuphefumla.

Ngapha koko kutsha, amaqela agada inqwelo-moya ajongile imililo yemizi - mveliso, imichiza ekhutshwayo, kunye neengozi ezinyibilikayo. Ngo-2019, emva komlilo omkhulu wemichiza eTexas, iTexas National Guard ukujonga izikhululo zokuhlola inqwelo-moya ezisingqongileyo jikelele kwisiganeko sokulandelela intshukumo ye-pux enobungozi nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabahlali abakufutshane. Ugcino-lwazi lwabo, lwabelana namagosa ezempilo asekuhlaleni kunye ne-EPA, lwanceda ukukhokela nokulungisa izigqibo.

Igada likwandisa amandla alo okuhlola umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi, ingakumbi kwizakhiwo zikawonke-wonke ezinjengezikolo, izindlu zenkundla, kunye neendawo zokufihla ingxinano zongxamiseko. Ukusebenzisa izixhobo eziphathekayo, amaqela aBalindi ayakwazi ukufumanisa ngokukhawuleza ukusebenza nokubonakala kwemithombo yokungcoliswa komoya ngaphakathi ngaphakathi, nto leyo enegalelo ekukhuseleni imekobume entle kuluntu nakunonogada ngokufanayo.

Umgangatho wamanzi othe tyaba emva kweMkhukula Nenkanyamba

Izikhukula, enoba zibangelwa zinkanyamba, zigaleleka, okanye ziphuphuma komlambo, zibangela umngcipheko wangoko kumgangatho wamanzi. Amaza angcolileyo anokuthwala ukungcola, imichiza yezolimo, izinyithi ezinzima, nongcoliso lwemizi - mveliso, imithombo yamanzi okusela, kunye nendalo ehambayo.

Lawula amaqela ahlola amanzi aqokelela iisampuli emanzini angaphandle, imithombo yangasese, kunye neenkqubo zamanzi kamasipala ukuze avavanye ukungcoliswa kweentsholongwane ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane, E. coli, izinto ezingcolisa imichiza, kunye nemilinganiselo ephathekayo efana ne-turbibity kunye ne-pH. Kwiziphumo zeSiphepho uKatrina, iLouisiana, iibhetria zahlola amawaka ee-efaksi yamanzi ukukhokela izigqibo ngokusela ukhuseleko lwamanzi kunye nolawulo lwamanzi. Imisebenzi efanayo yalandela iTriversis, Florence, kunye noMichael, kunye neyunithi zaBagada abasuka kumazwe amaninzi asasazwe ukuxhasa abantu abachaphazelekayo.

Igada liye lafak ’ isandla kuphando lwamanzi olude lwexesha elide kwimimandla enezikhukula. Uphando oluthe kratya neUSGS lusebenzise ugcino-lwazi oluqokelelwe yiUSGS kwimodeli yezithuthi ezifakelweyo kwiinkqubo zomlambo nokuchonga intsingiselo yomgangatho wamanzi kunyaka wemvula emininzi. Olu phando lwazisa ulawulo lwezikhukula, uqheliselo olungcono kwezolimo, kunye nocwangciso lwezibonelelo.

Ilixa-mali Lentsiba Nesekisi

Umhlaba ongcolise umhlaba nenkunkuma ziyingozi ezingapheliyo, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinoshishino okanye uqeqesho lomkhosi. Ubuchule boMgaqo-majoni weSizwe bokuhlola umhlaba nokuhlola buxhasa iinkqubo zokucoca imekobume nokugada umhlaba ukuze kusetyenziswe ucwangciso lwelizwe.

Iiyunithi zokhuselo zincedise amaqumrhu e-EPA kunye nemekobume karhulumente alinganiswe kumhlaba ophezulu, kwiindawo ezimdaka, kunye nalawo ayekade emkhosini. Izixhobo zawo zokuhamba zivumela iisampuli ziqhubeke kwiminxeba ekhawulezayo, zinciphisa ixesha phakathi kokuchazwa kwe ndawo kunye nokuhlanjululwa kwemijelo. Ngaphezu koko, igada lixhasa ukujongwa kwemijelo, amachibi, kunye nemimandla yonxweme, linceda ukulandelela intshukumo yabathambisi bezinto ezifana neePCCB, imercury, kunye nezibulala-zinambuzane ngezixhobo ezisetyenziswa emanzini.

Kwamanye amazwe, igada liye lasebenzisana nemisebenzi yokwandiswa kwezolimo ukuqwalasela ukuhlahlela komhlaba kwifama, kuquka imigangatho yezondlo, izinto eziqulethwe yipropati, kunye nokudityaniswa kwe-comption. Le nkcazelo ixhasa iindlela zokulima ezizinzileyo kwaye inceda ekuboneni iindawo apho amanyathelo okulondolozwa komhlaba anokuthoba khona ukuya emanzini.

Umanyano neziQhintelo zoPhicotho-zincwadi nePhondo

Imisebenzi yenzululwazi ayiyoyodwa. Iinjongo eziphumelelayo zixhomekeke kwintsebenziswano enzulu neqhubekayo namaqumrhu ophando aphambili esizwe kunye namaqumrhu enzululwazi karhulumente. La maqabane adibanisa amandla omsebenzi oMgaqo-majoni kunye nobunzulu bobunzulu bobunzulu kunye nembono ende yenzululwazi norhulumente.

Unxibelelwano

Uninzi lwamaphondo akwaNational Guard lumisele izivumelwano ezisemthethweni neeyunivesithi ezingaphakathi kwilizwe lawo ukuxhasa imisebenzi yophando oludibeneyo, amathuba okuqeqesha abafundi, kunye nenkqubela yobugcisa. La maqabane avumela izazinzulu zaseyunivesithi ukuba zifumane i-gaardio, ngelixa abasebenzi bogada bengenelwa ngokuchaneka kwiinkqubo zakutshanje zenzululwazi kunye nobugcisa benzululwazi.

Ngokomzekelo, kwiYunivesithi yaseAlaska Fairbanks, abaphandi basebenzisana neAlaska National Guard kuhlolo lwemekobume kwimimandla ye-Arctic kunye nemimandla esezantsi kwe-Arctic. Abalindi banikezela ngezithuthi zokuya kwiindawo ezikude, kwaye abasebenzi bogada bancedisa ekuboneni ubuchule bokuhamba kwiindawo ezilucelomngeni nakwimozulu. Olu manyano luye lwanceda uphando olumalunga nokunyibilika komkhenkce, ukukhukuliseka konxweme, ukufuduka kwezilwanyana zasendle, kunye neziphumo zokutshintsha kwemozulu e-Alaska.

Ezinye iiyunivesithi ziye zaphuhlisa iinkqubo zokuqeqesha eziye zagunyazisa amalungu alo Mlindi kwiindlela zokuvavanya imeko-bume, ulawulo logcino-lwazi, kunye nemithetho elandelwayo ebonakalisa ubunjani. Ezi nkqubo zidala umbhobho wabenzi abaqeqeshiweyo abanokuba negalelo ngoko nangoko kwii-arhente zenzululwazi lo gama kwanobuchule bokwakha obutshintshela kwimisebenzi yokulondolozwa kwemekobume yasekuhlaleni emva kwenkonzo yabo yokuLindi.

Ugcino-lwazi oluneengxwabangxwaba nomanyano

Ugcino-lwazi oluqokelelwe ngabaPhathi-mikhosi ngexesha lomsebenzi wokusingqongileyo lusoloko lwabelana namaqumrhu asekuhlaleni anjenge-EPA, USGS, NOA, kunye neNkonzo yezeNtengo yase-U. Olu manyano luqinisekisa ukuba ukuqokelelwa kolwazi olukhoyo kunegalelo ekufumaneni ulwazi olubanzi lwenzululwazi kunye nokwazisa iimvavanyo zemeko-bume yesizwe. Igada likwaba nenxaxheba kwicandelo elinolwazi olunolwazi olunolawulo lwe-Evironmental Resption Management Application Application (ERMA) kunye nenkqubo yeSizwe Yolwazi lwamanzi (NWIS).

Ngexesha leziganeko ezikhulu, indima yeQuega elikuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi nokusasazwa kwezixhobo iyabaluleke kakhulu. Xa uthungelwano lonxibelelwano lonakaliswa ziintlekele, iinkqubo zonxibelelwano zogada ziqinisekisa ukuba inkcazelo yemekobume iyaqhubeka ibaleka ukusuka kumaqela asendle ukuya kumaziko olawulo kunye nezazinzulu zelizwe. Oku kulula kungqineke kuyinto enzima ngexesha leenkanyamba, iinyikima nezinye iziganeko eziphazamisa isiseko sabemi.

Ukufikelela Kwimfundo Nobandakanyeko Loluntu

INational Guard izimisele ukunikela imfundo nemisebenzi ephambili kwinzululwazi.

Imfundo ephambili kunye neenkqubo zolutsha

Abasebenzi abasebenza kwizikhululo zokhuselo basoloko betyelela izikolo ukuze babonise imisebenzi yokuhlola imeko-bume, inzululwazi yokusabela kongxamiseko, nokubaluleka kokukhusela izinto zendalo. Le nkcazelo idla ngokuquka ukuboniswa kwezixhobo ezibonisa imizekelo, ubugcisa bolwazi, kunye ne-software yokuhlola ugcino-lwazi. Ukubandakanywa kwe-STEM kuchaphazela ngokukhethekileyo abantu basemaphandleni nabasezikolweni apho abafundi banokungachanabekanga kwimisebenzi yenzululwazi.

INational Guard ixhasa iinkqubo zokuphuhlisa ulutsha ezinjengeSikolo seLutsha iChallenge Academy, esiquka iimodyuli zenzululwazi yemekobume kwizifundo zaso. Abafundi bafunda ngohlobo lovavanyo lwamanzi, ukuhlolwa komoya, kunye nezonyango lwendalo, ukufumana ubuchule obusebenzisekayo ngoxa bekhulisa imvakalelo yokuzibeka kwimeko-bume. Ezinye iinkqubo zolutsha uCallengenge ziquka uhambo olusentsimini lokugada amajelo okuhlola imekobume, zinika abafundi amava angqalileyo ngomsebenzi wenzululwazi.

Inzululwazi Yasekuhlaleni Nabemi Abanobuchule Bokuhlola

Kumaphondo aliqela, iQuaq iye yasebenzisana nemibutho yenzululwazi yoluntu ukwandisa umgangatho wokuhlola indalo. Abasebenzi bokhuselo baqeqesha amatsha - ntliziyo ngobuchule obusisiseko bokuqwalasela, kwandule ke kudityaniswe ugcino-lwazi oludityanisiweyo kumaziko abanzi okuhlola. Le ndlela inyusa ukugutyungelwa kwelizwe nokudityaniswa koluntu ngeli xesha kubonelelwa ulawulo olululo olubalulekileyo ngoogcuntswana.

olu manyano luye lwaphumelela ngokukhethekileyo ekulandeleni iintlobo-ntlobo zezilwanyana ezingenayo, ekuhloleni umgangatho wamanzi kwiindawo ezigawulweyo zoluntu, nasekubhaleni iinguqu kwizilwanyana zasendle zasekuhlaleni. Ukubandakanyeka kweLindi kuxhasa ukuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuba imigudu yoluntu ihambelana nemilinganiselo yobugcisa yophando nokuthobela imithetho.

Iinkonzo Ezidityanisiweyo Neendlela Zexesha Elizayo

Njengokuba imingeni yemekobume iguquka, uSongazwe luvumelanisa amandla alo enzululwazi ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno ezintsha. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukuvela kwezinto ezibangela ungcoliseko lwemekobume, kwaye imfuneko yokuba kubekho ubuchule bokwenene bokusingqongileyo iqhubela phambili kwiinkqubo zenzululwazi yogada kunye nobugcisa.

Ukutshintsha Kwemozulu

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kuya kukhula ubuninzi kunye nobunzulu beengozi ezininzi zemekobume abagada abasele behleli behleli besenza ikhefu, kuquka imililo yemililo, izikhukula, ubushushu, kunye nezichotho zonxweme. Ugada baphendula ngokufaka uhlolo kwiinkqubo zokuhlola imozulu ezinxulumene nemeko-bume, ezifana nonyuko lolwandle, ukunyibilika kwentshukujeko, ukuqina kwekhephu, kunye nokutshintsha kwemekobume yemozulu. Le nkcazelo ixhasa ucwangciso lwemeko-mo yemozulu kunye nolwakhiwo lolwamjikelo lombane ukuba asebenze kwiimekobume ezitshintshayo.

Amagosa amaninzi ephondo anegalelo kwiinkqubo zomqhubi ukuvavanya ubungozi bofakelo lomkhosi kwimozulu, kuquka ukhukuliseko, ubushushu obugqithisileyo, kunye nomlilo otshayo. Ubuchule bokuhlola imekobume obuveliswe ukuze kuhlolwe ezi zigqibo zinezizicelo ezithe ngqo zokhuseleko lwezibonelelo zasekuhlaleni kunye nocwangciso lokuzinzisa uluntu.

Izinto Ezidibanisayo: PFAS neMicroplastics

Abagada baya bacelwa ukuba baxhase uphando oluvelayo lwezinto ezifakelwayo, ingakumbi kwizinto zepolyfluoralkyl (PFAS) kunye ne-microplastics. Ezi zinto zingcolisayo zivelisa iingxaki ezintsonkothileyo ze-alyticals kwaye zifuna ubuchule obukhethekileyo bokujonga kunye nohlalutyo. Iirafiki zeselula zezithuthi ziphuculwa ngezixhobo ezikwaziyo ukufumanisa iPFAS kuxinzelelwa phantsi, kwaye abaPhathi-ga bafumana uqeqesho kwimithetho elungeleleneyo yesampulaniso yokunciphisa ukunqamlezo.

Uphando olunxulumene ne-USGS ne-EPA luhlola ukusasazeka kunye nokudalelwa kwe-PFAS kumanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, amanzi, nomhlaba ngaphaya kwemimandla eyahlukeneyo. Iisampuli eziqokelelwa kumaziko oqeqesho lomkhosi, izikhululo zenqwelo-moya, kunye nemimandla yoshishino zifak ’ isandla kumfanekiso wesizwe we-PFAS engcolisekileyo kunye nobuchule bokwenza ucoceko. Imigudu efanayo iphantsi kwendlela yokuchaza ungcoliseko oluncinane olukwimichiza emanzini, kunye neqela labagadayo elixhasa ukuqokelelwa nokusetyenziswa kwe-PFAS.

Udityaniso lobuntlola obuyenziwa kunye nolwexesha lokwenene

Ugada uhlola ukusetyenziswa kobuntlola obungeyoyonto kunye nomatshini wokufunda ukunyusa isantya kunye nocoselelo logcino-lwazi lwemeko-bume. Iinkqubo ze-Al zingayicwangcisa idata yoluvo olukude, zichonge ii-omalies, kunye neesampuli ezicwangcisiweyo zohlalutyo lomntu, zicutha ixesha phakathi kokufumana nokungenelela. Iprojekthi zesikhokelo zivavanya ulwano lwe-AIIIP ezisuka ku-espectral sy, neziphumo ezinika ithemba ekuphuculeni ubunjani bomoya ngexesha lomlilo.

Iqonga le-alytics zokwenene ziphuhliswa ukudibanisa ugcino-lwazi lwezimvo zabagcini-lwazi kunye nempilo yoluntu kunye neenkqubo zokulawula imeko-bume. Ezi qonga zijolise ekunikezeni abenzi besigqibo abanokusebenza ulwazi olukwimizuzu nje eyisampuli, uphuculo oluphawulekayo kumaxesha erejitali esithethe ejikayo. Ulwabeko lwabaphathi, inkxaso-mali ehambayo yenze ibe yindlela elungileyo yokuvavanya ezi zixhobo zokuhlola isizukulwana esilandelayo.

Isiphelo

Indima yeNational Guard kuphando lwenzululwazi nokuhlolwa kwemekobume iye yakhula ukusuka kwimisebenzi yesibini yaba yeyona nto isebenzayo, eqhutywa yimfuno ekhawulezileyo, ethembekileyo yesizwe yobuchule bokusingqongileyo. Ngeenqwelo-moya zayo, abasebenzi abakhethekileyo, umanyano, kunye neenkqubo zokudibana kwengingqi, igada linendawo ekhethekileyo ekudibaneni komkhosi nokuhlala kommandla.

Enoba abaphandi baseyunivesithi baxhasa ukuchitheka kwemichiza ekwimeko entle yendalo ekwiArctic, okanye bajonga umgangatho womoya ngexesha lemililo eyingozi, abaPhathi-majoni bazisa ingqeqesho, ubuchule bobugcisa, kunye nokuzibophelela okungaguquguqukiyo ekuphumeleleni inkqubela. Njengoko iingxaki zemekobume zikhula kwiminyaka ezayo, igalelo lenzululwazi leLindi liya kubaluleka ngakumbi ekuxhaseni kwelizwe nasekuphileni kwesi sijikelezi - langa sethu.

Kubaphengululi, abaququzeleli bemithetho nakuluntu olufuna amaqabane kwinzululwazi yemekobume, iNational Guard ayikulungelanga nje ukukhusela uhlanga, kodwa iligosa lelifa lalo lemvelo.