Ukuqonda iiPacs ezinganxibelelaniyo nendima yazo kwiMali yeCandelo

IiKomiti zePutholitial Action (Ii-PAC) zingundoqo kwindlela imali ehamba ngayo ngonyulo lwaseMerika. Phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-PACs, ii-PACs, ezingezozinxulumanisi zinesigxina esikhethekileyo ngenxa yokuba zisebenza ngokwayo nabani na umvotelwa, iqela lezobupolitika, okanye zixhasa intlangano enjengemibutho edityaniswe ngumbutho okanye umbutho wabasebenzi. Ezi komiti ziphakamisa imali kubantu ngabanye zize zisebenzise ezo zimali ukuxhasa okanye zichase abatshazileyo, okanye umthetho. I-Federal Ecompust Campation Actal Act (FECA) kunye nemithetho elandelayo ifuna ukuba ii-PAC ezidityaniweyo zingadityaniswe neengxelo ezithe ngqo ze-PC, kwaye zimele zidityaniswe njani nabemi, ukuba zihlangabezane njani nale yindlela ezimele zidityaniswe ngayo.

Ukucaca kwemali yephulo akuyomfuneko esemthethweni; ligumbi lokuphendula ngedemokhrasi. Abaxhasi bafanele bazi ukuba ngubani oxhasa inkxaso-mali yemiyalezo yezopolitiko nendlela ethunyelwa ngayo. I-PAC engadityaniswanga, esoloko ibandakanyeka kwiinkcitho ezizimeleyo(iii-adis, iiposi, kunye nezinye iingxoxo ezixhasa unyulo okanye ukoyiswa komvolomo-okanye nombhalisa. Le mithetho ithe yavela kanzulu kangangamashumi eminyaka, kwaye iyayiqonda ibalulekile kubafundi, iintatheli, kunye nabo nabani nabemi abafuna ukuqonda ukubhengezwa kwezobupolitika kunye nempembelelo.

Ziyintoni iipari ezingadibaniyo?

I-PAC engadityaniswanga ichazwa yi-FEC njengeekomiti zezobupolitika ezingadibani nelungu lezakhono, umbutho wezobupolitika, okanye umbutho othile ofana nombutho okanye umbutho worhwebo. Isekwa ngabantu ngabanye, amaqela abemi, okanye imibutho yeengcamango zokunyusa imali kwaye ichithe imali kunyulo lwamagunya karhulumente. Ngenxa yokuba ingenawo umbutho ongumzali, kufuneka ixhomekeke kwiminikelo yokuzithandela evela kubantu ngabanye yaye imele ithobele imiqathango kunye neemfuno zokwambula ezisebenza kubo bonke oo-PAC abangengagunyaziswanga ngumncomi.

Imizekelo yeePAC ezingeyoyoNkcubeko iquka amaqela eengcamango anjengee-EMILY's Uluhlu (oluxhasa ipro-choice Democratic mabhinqa), iClub for Growth (ethi ibuyele emva inzala), kunye neSivumelwano seSizwe seSizwe seSizwe soloyiso lwezobupolitika. Le PaCs ikwaziwa ngokuba "i-paCs yolongatholo" xa imiselwa ngummeli okanye umxhasi we-ofisi ukuxhasa abanye abahlohlisi, kodwa kwanazo ezingoolwazi ezingadityaniswanga nephulo loburhulumente. Umahluko ngu: i-PACs ezingeyo ezidityanisiweyo azinaneyo okanye ezixhasayo.

Isakhiwo esisemthethweni se-PACs engekho nxulumeneyo sabunjwa ngokuyintloko nguMthetho weCandelo loNlamlelo lowe-1971 kunye noMthetho weBpartisan Campaign Reformation ka-2002, kunye nesigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo kwi iSinyuko se-CIIN] samaZwe aManyeneyo. [FEC [2010] [2010], ngoxa ijoliswe ekuhlawuleni kwemali yenkampani, ikwaqinisekisa ukuba i-PACs inokunyusa imali engenakuxhonywa ngenxa yeendleko ezahlukeneyo ngee-akhawunti ezahlukeneyo. Ngaphandle kokunyuka kwe-PUPCs (ezinokukwamkela iminikelo engagqwesiswanga kubantu ngabanye kunye nemibutho), engadityaniswangangeyo i-PaC ishiyelwa phantsi kwemiqatha yomthetho.

Iimfuno zokunika ingxelo: Intambo yokubonisa ngaphaya

I-PACs engadityaniswanga kufuneka ifake iingxelo ezithe rhoqo nge-FEC ezityhila iirisithi zazo (izibhengezo), ukukhutshwa (ukunikezelwa), amatyala, kunye nezinye iintengiselwano zemali. I-FEC inika iifomu ezisezantsi kunye nexesha elingqongqo. Ukungaphumeleli ukufayile ngexesha okanye ngokuchanekileyo kungaphumela kwintlawulo okanye kwisenzo esisemthethweni. Ngasezantsi ziingxelo eziphambili zonke ze-PAC ezingeyo ezidityanisiweyo kufuneka zibhalwe ngefayili.

Ubhaliso lokuqala: Ingxelo yoMbutho

Xa i-PAC engadityaniswanga inyusa okanye ichithe ngaphezu kwe-R1000 ngonyaka wekhalenda, kufuneka ibhalise nge-FEC ngokufaka i- Imo ye-Ungano (FEC Ifomu 1). Le fomu iquka igama lekomiti, idilesi, isheki, umgcini-mali, umgcini weengxelo, kunye nombutho odityanisiweyo (ukuba nayiphi na/* okanye icandelo elingeyolungu-PAC lisoloko lishiywe lingenanto okanye liphawulwe "none""). Ikomiti kufuneka ibonise ukuba ngaba liyi "indawo edityani" kwaye ichaza injongo yayo, enjengalowo uxhasa okanye ophikisayo. Ukubhalisa kufuneka kwenziwe ngeentsuku ezilishumi zomhla zokunqumla umqobo.

Ingxelo yeQumrhu (Fom 3X)

Ingxelo yemali engadityaniswanga efumana okanye ehluthayo kwiimali zonyaka wekhalenda kufuneka iququzelela iingxelo zefayile zisebenzisa IFEC Ifomu ye-3X, iNgxelo yemali kunye ne-Divretstings. Ezi ngxelo zigubungela amaxesha amathathu enyanga aphelayo ngoMatshi 31, Juni 30, Septemba 30, kunye noDisemba 31. Iingxelo ezifunekayo zeentsuku ezili-15 emva kokuphela kwekota nganye, ngaphandle kweengxelo zonyaka-mva zikaJanuwari ka-3. Quarly kufuneka zifake zonke iingxelo ezifunyenwe kubantu ngabanye kunye nePaCs ezigqitha kunyaka wekhalenda, ziphinda zidlule kwi-2006, ngokunjalo nangaphicothanga zonke iinjongo ezenziwe ngayo nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi nanjongo. Ifomu ifuna ucwangciso locwangciso lwe-Stejini, ucwangciso lwemiqatha, lwemityalo, kunye nocwangciso oluzimeleyo.

Iingxelo zoKhetho lwangaphambili nolwasemva

Kwiminyaka yonyulo, i-PACs engadityaniswanga kufuneka ifake iingxelo ezongezelelekileyo zokugquma iingxelo zamaxesha phambi nasemva konyulo. Iingxelo zokhetho zePractifica zifanele iintsuku ezilishumi elinesibini phambi konyulo kwaye zigqume umsebenzi owenziweyo kusuku lwama-20 phambi konyulo. IPost- entsebeko [[ ifanele ifumane iintsuku ezingama-30 emva konyulo nokugquma kusuku lwamashumi amabini emva konyulo. Ezi ngxelo zongezelelwa kwiingxelo zekota kwaye ziqinisekisa ukuba uvotezo lusandul' ulwazi malunga nokuchithwa nokunikezelwa kwemali. Ukuba i-PC yenza inkciokanye i-100,000 okanye ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezingama-20 ze-20 ze-20 zonyusolu, zimele ziphinde zilukelwe ziphawu [FFFFF] kunye neenkcukacha esingaphezulu sengxelo ngasinye semali esingaphezulu semali.[20]

Iingxelo zesiphelo sonyaka neengxelo

Ingxelo yonyaka-mva, efakwe ngoJanuwari 31, igquma yonke imisebenzi ukususela ngo-Oktobha 1 ukuya kuDisemba 31. Isebenza njengesishwankathelo sokugqibela sonyaka wekhalenda. Ukuba i PAC iyayeka imisebenzi edityanisiweyo kwaye ayinamatyala abalaseleyo okanye imali esandleni, ingayifaka ifayile ye- Ingxelo ye-Termination (Fm 3X ngebhokisi yokuphelisa ikhangelwe). Le ngxelo yokugqibela igquma wonke umsebenzi ukususela kwingxelo yokugqibela kwaye ivala ngokusemthethweni ikomiti nge-FEC.

INgxelo yoNyaka

Xa i-PAC engadityaniswanga yenza inkcitho ezizimeleyo (iiyure ezithe zaxhasa ngokucacileyo ukunyulwa okanye ukoyiswa komvotisi ocacileyo kwaye aziququzelelwanga nabani na umvoti okanye umbutho) ukuba igawulwe ngekota okanye ngaphezulu kunyaka wekhalenda, kufuneka ifake isaziso [[FLT:]] [iyure ezingama-48] sesaziso sendleko nganye ezimeleyo ye-$1] okanye ngaphezulu. Ukuba inkcitho yenziwa ngeentsuku ezingama-20 zonyulo, isaziso kufuneka sigcinwe ngeyure ezingama-24. Ezi zazi zibekwe nge-eggcisayo kwaye zifumaneke ngoko nangoko kwi-NEFC. Oku kufunekayo kwaqiniswa yi- CINT] i-United[FFT]

Indlela Enikelwa Ngayo Iminikelo

I-PAC nganye engeyoyo-odityaniswa mayixele yonke iminikelo eyifumanayo. I-FEC ichaza igalelo njengaso nasiphi na isipho, umrhumo, umrhumo, okanye ukubolekisa ngemali, okanye nayiphi na into yexabiso enzelwe ukuphembelela unyulo lukarhulumente. Iminikelo kufuneka inikelwe ukuba isimbuku somnikelo omnye udlula u-R3,000 kunyaka wekhalenda. Iminikelo emincinane inokuba iqeshiwe kwaye ixelwe njengesimbuku sipheleleyo ngaphandle kokudwelisa umni ngamnye, kodwa ikomiti imele igcine iirekhodi zayo zonke iminikelo.

Iminikelo Ecacisiweyo

Kumntu ngamnye onikelayo onika ngaphezu kwama-R3 000 ngonyaka, i-PAC kufuneka ityhile oku kulandelayo kwiShedyuli A yeFomati ye-3X:

  • [[UMTL: 0] Igama eliGqityiweyo lomnikezi.
  • Idilesi yeposi (itret, isixeko, imo, kunye nekhowudi yezip).
  • unikezelo nomqeshi wabanikeli (abacetyiweyo ngabantu abanikela ngaphezu kwama-$200; oku kunceda kuphawule umthombo wemali kunye neengxaki ezinokwenzeka zomdla).
  • Umhla kunye nobungakanani [[Unikezelo:1] bomnikelo ngamnye.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Unyaka-wexesha ukuya kumhla wonke ukusuka kolo mnikelo.

Ezi nkcukacha zinyanzelekile. I-FEC izisebenzisa ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mntu ugqitha kwii-$5 000 ngonyaka kumlinganiselo womnikelo kwi-PAC engeyoyo i-ac, kwaye kunceda ekufumaneni iminikelo engekho mthethweni evela kumazwe angaphandle okanye imibutho (engavumelekanga). Umsebenzi nomqeshi ubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo ekuboneni ukuba ngowuphi ushishino okanye amaqela anomdla wezopolitiko.

Iminikelo Emanyaniswayo

Iminikelo ye-R1,50 okanye ngaphantsi komntu omnye kunyaka wekhalenda ayifuni kufakwa. Endaweni yoko, ichazwa njengempumlo kwiphepha lesishwankathelo seFomu 3X phantsi "kokuba, ikomiti kufuneka igcine iirekhodi zangaphakathi zabo bonke abanikeli, kwanencinane, xa kunokwenzeka ukuba kuphicotho okanye kukhalazwe. Ii-PAC ezininzi ezingadityaniswanga zinyusa imali evela kubanikeli abancinane nge-intanethi, kwaye le minikelo ivela nje njengamanani apheleleyo ngaphandle kokuba umnikeli unqamlezo we-2002.

Iminikelo evela kwezinye iiPaC

IPAC engadityaniswanga isenokufumana iminikelo evela kwezinye ii-PAC, kuquka zombini ezidityanisiweyo nezingadibaniyo. Iminikelo esuka kwi PAC ukuya kwenye iPAC kufuneka ibekwe ukuba igqitha ku-R3,000. Ingxelo yePAC kufuneka ityhile igama nedilesi yomnikelo we-PAC, umhla kunye nobungakanani, nonyaka-nyaka-wento yonke. Uthumelo lwe-PAC luqhelekile, ingakumbi phakathi kwemibutho yenkqesho, kwaye kufuneka balandele imida yeFEC (a PAC inika ii-$5 000 ngonyaka kwenye i-PAC).

Indlela IipaCs Eziyichaza Ngayo Imali Yazo

I-PAC engadityanisiweyo kufuneka ixele yonke imposiso eyenzayo, isebenzisa iShedyuli B yeMgaqo- 3X. Inkcitho iquka iminikelo kubavumi okanye kwezinye iikomiti, iinkcitho ezizimeleyo, iindleko zokusebenza, kunye nokutshintshela kwezinye ii-PAC. Urhoxiso ngalunye kufuneka lwahlulelwe ngokwenjongo, kwaye lowo uthunywe kufuneka aphawulwe ngaphandle kokuba ukurhoxiswa kwemali yekhadi lokuthenga ngetyala okanye umqulu apho umbhatathisi opheleleyo eyaziwa khona kwiirekhodi zangaphakathi.

Iminikelo Kwabasebenzi Nakwabanye

Xa iPAC engadityaniswanga inika imali ngqo kwikomiti yephulo lomvotelwa (elinganiselwe kwii-$5 000 (kunyulo ngalunye), kufuneka inike ingxelo yegama lomntu oza kubhaptizwa, iofisi, iqela, kunye nomthamo. Ngokufanayo, iminikelo kwezinye ii-PAC, iikomiti zeqela, okanye ikomiti zesizwe/ikomiti ezibhaptiziweyo zasekuhlaleni zixelwa ngokuzichaza kunye nenjongo yomvotelelwa. Le minikelo isoloko isetyenziselwa ukwakha ulwalamano kunye nokuxhasa abatshatezi abafana nabo.

Iinguqu ezizimeleyo

IPAC ezingadityaniswanga zisoloko zisenza inkcitho ezizimeleyo ``iiindleko ezizimeleyo'/iii-posi, iibhanki zemfonomfono, izibhengezo zamanani, kunye nezinye inkcubeko ezithe ngokucacileyo zaxhasa okanye ngokuchasene nomngeneli. Ezi ndleko kufuneka zixelwe ngokwahlukileyo kwiShedyuli E of Form 3X. Le ngxelo mayiqukwe:

  • Igama lomlandeli lixhasiwe okanye lichaswa.
  • Iofisi yayifunwa (Indlu, iNdlu yeeNtsimbi, okanye uMongameli).
  • Imali ehlawulwayo.
  • Inkcazelo yenkcitho (umz. "igalelo le-ad," "i-imeyili ngqo" umsebe we-"campaign").
  • Nokuba inkcitho yayiyeyonxibelelwano lukawonke-wonke (indlulato, intsontelo yentsimbi, itellite, ushicilelo, okanye i-intanethi) kwaye, ukuba kunjalo, igama lomelo-ndaba nomhla wonxibelelwano.

Inkcitho ezimeleyo kufuneka yenziwe ngaphandle komanyano nephulo lomvotelwa. IFEC ihlolisisa ngenyameko ezi ngxelo ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela. Iyure engama-48 okanye iiyure ezingama-24 zesaziso kufuneka kwinkcitho enkulu ezizimeleyo kufuphi nonyulo, njengoko kuchazwe ngaphambili.

Iindleko zolawulo neendleko zokusebenza

I-PAC engadityaniswanga ne-Purces zikwaneentloko: irente, imivuzo, iindleko zomthetho, ukuhlawula iindleko, iimali ezihlawulwa yibhanki, kunye nezibonelelo ze-ofisi. Ezi zixelwa njenge "inkcitho" kwiShedyuli B. Ukrusa-mali nganye mayiquke igama lomhlawuli, injongo (umz., "umqeshwa," "umgangatho," "ukwenza iinkonzo"," kunye nomthamo. I-PAC ichitha kakhulu ekunikeni imali (iposi, iziganeko ezithengisiweyo) nakwinkonzo yokunikezela (amatyala kunye namagqwethawe abalungiselela iingxelo ze-FEC).

Ezinye Izinto Ezithiywe Ngayo

Ezinye iindidi ziquka ukuthunyelwa kwezinye iikomiti (ezingezozibonelelo, iikomiti zeqela), iimali-mboleko, kunye neemali-mboleko. Ukuboleka kwabantu okanye amaqumrhu emali kufuneka kuchazwe njengerisithi (xa zifunyenwe) kwaye njengokurhoxiswa (xa zihlawulwa). IFEC ifuna ingxelo eneenkcukacha ngawo nawuphi na amatyala akhutshwe yikomiti.

Ukufumaneka okucace gca kunye nokufikelela koluntu

Umsebenzi we-FEC kukuthobela nokunyanzelisa imithetho yezemali karhulumente, kunye nenxalenye engundoqo yokwenza ukuba ulwazi olutyhiliweyo lufumaneke kuluntu ngokubanzi. I-FEC igcina isiseko sogcino-lwazi kwi-intanethi kwi-.gov/data apho nabani na angakhangela khona iimposiso ngegama lekomiti, umbhaptizi, okanye umniki. Abasebenzisi bangajonga ikopi zoqobo ze-PDBC okanye ukulayisha ulwazi oluninzi ukuze bahlolisise. Le wewebsite iquka "Inkcaginet-data ye-data ye-mfonts" evumela ukuphendla ngeshishini, indawo, kunye nohlobo lwenkcitho.

Iintlangano zesithathu ezifana neCentre for Responsive Politics ([[FLT: 0]] Opensets. org) zikwanikezela nge-FEC edityanisiweyo kwaye zinika imidibaniso engakumbi yobuhlobo bomsebenzisi. Zinikezela uqhawuko apho ii-PAC zichitha khona imali, abathathi-nxaxheba bafumana iminikelo, kwaye zeziphi iindawo ezisebenzayo. Kubafundisi-mfundo nakubafundi, ezi zixhobo zibalulekile ekufundiseni ngemali kwimicimbi yezobupolitika, ekulweleni kwemali, ekuphuculweni kwemali, nakwindima yokuvela kwedemokhrasi.

Abami bayakwazi ukucela iingxelo ezisuka ngqo kwi-FEC okanye bafake ifayile yesikhalazo ukuba bathe abakhange bayixele ngokuchanekileyo i-PAC. Ukunyanzelisa kwe-FEC kubandakanya uphicotho-zincwadi, kwaye xa kuyimfuneko, ihlawulo okanye i-arhente kwiSebe leMithetho. Le nkqubo yokuhlola nokulinganisela ixhomekeke ekulindeni kukawonke-wonke.

Isiphelo

I-PAC ezingazidityaniswanga zizithuthi ezinamandla zokukhuthaza ezopolitiko, kodwa impembelelo yazo ifana nengxelo yazo. Ngomthetho, kufuneka zifake iingxelo ezicace gca, iingxelo zexesha nezokwambula imithombo yemali yabo kunye neenjongo zokusebenzisa kwazo. Ukusuka ekuqaleni ukubhalisa unyaka ukuya ekupheleni konyaka kunye nokuzikhulula isaziso senkcitho ezinkulu ezizimeleyo, urhulumente ochazayo uqinisekisa ukuba uwonke-wonke unokulandela imali. Abafundisi, abafundi, kunye nabemi abathembisekileyo, bayazi indlela yokufunda nokuchaza ezi ngxelo bubuchule bubalulekileyo bokufunda nokubhala nokuchaza ezo ngxelo zezentengiso. Njengokuba ijelo lwemali luqhubeka luguquka ngobugcisa nangotshintsho olusemthethweni, umgaqo-mthetho osisiseko uhlala: ukukhanya kwelanga kulungile. Ugcino-data olukhoyo.