Ukunika amalungelo ayila iliwa elingumqondiso lokuthabatha inxaxheba kwedemokhrasi, ukanti ukusetyenziswa kwala malungelo kusetyenziswa ngokunzulu yimithetho emiswa ngurhulumente ngamnye. Ukusukela kwixesha eliya kummi ubhalisa ukuba avote intlawulo yokugqibela ye-colot, umgangatho karhulumente umisela ukuchanabeka kokulula, ukhuseleko, nokungaquki kwenkqubo. Ukuqonda le mithetho kubalulekile kungekuphela nje kubavoti kodwa kwanakubafundisi-bantwana abalungiselela abafundi ukuba babandakanyeke ngokunentsingiselo kunyulo. Njengoko uhlanga luzama ngengxoxo yengqibelelo nonikezelo, uvavanyo olucacileyo lwendlela ecacileyo yemithetho elawula ngayo ivoti, iindlela zokuvota, iindlela zokuvota, kwaye jikelele ityhila indawo enzima nengalungelengalungelengalungiyo. Eli nqaku lihlola iindawo apho umthetho ulawulo lwezimo-demokhtiki unika iziphumo ze-Melika.

Isiseko somGaqo-siseko sokunika imithetho kaRhulumente

UMgaqo-siseko wase-U.S. unika igunya eliphangaleleyo "ngexesha, iindawo, kunye neendlela" zonyulo lwamaqumrhu, phantsi komthetho-siseko kuphela wokulawula nokulungisa ukuthintelwa kocalulo. Le nkqubo ilungelelanisiweyo ithetha ukuba amalungelo okuvota anokuhluka ngokuphawulekayo kuxhomekeke kwindawo umntu ahlala kuyo. UMthetho wamaLungelo weSizwe we-1965, iSiko soMgaqo-mthetho weSizwe sase-Onke (NVRA), kunye noncedo lweMelika Vote Act (HA) emisela imigangatho esisiseko yesizwe, kodwa ichaza imigaqo esisiseko esisiseko yemfundo. Njengomphumo, umminye unokuba nobunzima obucacileyo ekuphumeni kwemfundo. [F.] [5]

Imithetho elawulayo yeSizwe

Ubhaliso lwe Voter lusoloko lungumqobo wokuqala ummi adibana nawo, kwaye imithetho karhulumente ilawula phantse zonke iinkalo zenkqubo. Ukulula umntu anokuthi angene ngako kwiiroli ukuba angaze aphose ibhola. Kwishumi leminyaka elidluleyo, amatyala ashenxise kumacala amabini angqukuva: amanye aye amkela utshintsho olusezantsi, ngelinye ixesha amanye emisela imiqathango ewandisayo.

Ubhaliso lwe Voter oluzenzekelayo (AVR)

Ubhaliso oluzenzekelayo lovoti, ngoku lwenzekile kumaphondo angaphezu kwamashumi amabini 2016, kunye neSithili saseColumbia, lutyhila imodeli yesithethe: endaweni yokufuna abemi ukuba babhalise, urhulumente ubhalisa abantu abafanelekileyo ngokuzenzekelayo xa besebenzisana namaqumrhu afana neSebe le-Mor Vehicles. Aswon, eyathi yaqalisa ukubhalisa i-AVR ngo-2016, yabona amaqondo okubhalisa enyuka kunye nokurhoxaba phakathi kwamaqela eencwadi ebhanki. Ngokutsho kweNgqungquthela yesizwe [[FL:0] iNgqungquthela yeRPhondo yeRD yeRGenegisss (NCSLL)[FL:1], AVR ayilongezeli kuphela inani leevoti ezivoti ezibhacekileyo kodwa ikwaphucula ucotho lwemiqathango yokurhola ngokususa iingxelo zemali ezithenjiweyo. Noko, ngoko inkqubo ehlala ingena kwimiqathango yabachasi.

Indlela I-AVR Esebenza Ngayo

Xa ummi esebenzisa okanye ehlaziya ilayisensi yokuqhuba, ugcino-lwazi lwentengiselwano ludluliselwa ngemfonomfono kumagosa onyulo ngaphandle kokuba umntu ekhetha. Amanye amatyala asebenzisa "indlela yokukhetha" engasemva apho umvoti afumana ipostlay enemiyalelo yokulandula ubhaliso; amanye afuna imvume esebenzayo ngexesha lothengiselwano. Ukhetho lwemodeli lungachaphazela ngokuphawulekayo inani labavoti bongezelelweyo. Uphando olusuka ku Uphando lweziko-phakamiso-mlo-out lubonisa ukuba emva koluvote intengiso luvelisa amaqondo aphezulu okubhalisa kodwa luxhoko oluphezulu ngengxoxo engobuqu kunye nemvume.

Ubhaliso-suku olufanayo (SDR)

Abaxhasi be-Columbia bavumela abemi abafanelekileyo ukuba babhalise baze bavote ngomhla omnye, ngexesha lokuvota kwasekuqaleni okanye ngoSuku Lokhetho. Okwangoku, malunga namaphondo angamashumi amabini anesinye kunye neSithili saseColumbia sivumela uhlobo oluthile lwe-SDR. abaxhasi baphikisa ukuba luphelisa amaxesha okubhaliswa okungamkelekiyo okunokuthi kunyanzelise abavoti abaphulukani nolawulo. Ugcino-lwazi lolawulo olusuka kwi-U.S. Iproject ibonakalisa ukuba nge-SDR ngokuqhubekayo ingxelo ephezulu yexabiso lokuguquka kunelo ngaphandle, ngokwanda okuphakathi kwe 5 ukuya kumanqaku ali-10. Noko ke, amaxwebhu afana noTexas noGeorgia aye axhathisa i-SDR, achaza inkxamvolukezo zobuqhotho-qhatho-mali.

Ubhaliso lwe Voter ye-intanethi

Malunga namatyala angamashumi amane ngoku anika ubhaliso lwe-intanethi, utshintsho olunciphisa amaphepha kunye neempazamo. Le nkqubo ivumela abemi ukuba bagqibe iifomu zokubhalisa, iidilesi zokuhlaziya, kunye nokutshintsha kweqela ukudibana ngeli zibuko elikhuselekileyo. Amazwe asungula ubhaliso lwe-intanethi afumana imali e-R3,50 ngentengiselwano elingana nogcino-mali lwephepha, kunye nokukhutshwa kobhaliso ngexesha lonyulo oluphezulu kwalula ukulawula. Kodwa izithuba zishiyekile: amatyala afuna ilayisensi yomqhubi esemthethweni okanye i-ID yombuso ukugqiba ifomu ye-intanethi, enokushiya abahlalisa abahlali bengenalo olu phawu.

Ubhaliso lwamashweshwe kunye neziphelo

Ixesha lokubhalisa phambi konyulo loluhlu lomhla wonyulo ngokwalo eSDR lisuka kumhla wonyulo ngokwawo kwintlawulo ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-30 ngaphambi kwezombuso njengeTexas neTennessee. Iinjongo zexesha lokusebenza zingakuthintela ukuthatha inxaxheba phakathi kwabemi abatshayelwayo abangekhoyo okanye abahambayo. Ngaphezu koko, amatyala okugcina uluhlu lwexesha ngalinye ukuze asuse ivoti engagqibekiyo — abo baye bafuduka, bafa, okanye bagwetyelwe ngetyala le-felon. Ngoxa i-NVRA ifuna iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo nezichanekileyo, amaqela axhobisa ukuba ukugxothwa kwemilito ngempazamo kungayisusa i-voti. Ingxelo ye-2019 evela kwityala [[FTLT:] ACLU] [FLT] yabhalwa kwimizekelo yaseGeorgia naku Ohio apho amawaka ekhuselwayo, phambi kokuba kunyuswe unyusombululo, iqhubeke imicimbi esemthethweni.

Iimfuno Zokwahlula: Ukwahlula Okunzulu

Zimbalwa iindawo zomthetho wonyulo eziphikiswa kakhulu kuneemfuno zomvoti (ID). Ukusukela oko iNkundla ePhakamileyo yaxhasa umthetho we-ID engqongqo ka-Indiana kwimithetho ye- Crawford v. Marion County Board yoPhuhliso (2008), inani lamazwe aneemfuno ze-ID zefoto ezingqongqo likhule ukuya phantse kwishumi elinashumi, lo gama elinye ishumi linomthetho engqongqo engekho miyalelo ye-ID. Amazwe aseleyo asebenzisa utyikityo okanye asebenzisi nto ifunekayo konke konke. Umahluko phakathi kwemithetho engqongqo nethambileyo unokuba ngumahluko phakathi kokuvota kunye nokujika.

Iintlobo ze-ID eyamkelekileyo

Umthetho we-ID yefoto engqongqo ulwamkele kuphela uphawu lwemifanekiso karhulumente: ilayisensi zomqhubi, ii-passport, kunye namanye amaxesha ii-ID zomkhosi. Ii-ID zabafundi basekholiji zisoloko zilahlwa ngaphandle kokuba zifikelele iimfuno ezithile. Umzekelo, irente yomlonk-mpulumpu efihliweyo yamkelekile, kodwa i-ID yomfundi esuka kwi-yunivesithi yezwe elinoburhulumente ayivunywanga. Le ngxaki ichaphazela kakhulu abatsha abavoti, abantu abanombala, kunye nabafumana abantu abambalwa abambalwa abanokuba namaxwebhu afunekayo. Unyaka ka-201717 ufundo oluvela kwi- I-Government Arentement Actation Arensity [[FLT] I-ofisi yobukholikelelwanoburhulumente ] ifumanise ukuba imithetho yevoti encitshiswe kakhulu ngokweephu ye-3, kunye nee-3% ye-3%

Iinkqubo ze-ID Ezikhululekileyo Nezinto Ezinokusikelwa Licala

I-ID engqongqo inika amakhadi e-ID yamavoti akhululekileyo kubemi abaswele ezinye iintlobo zophawulo. Noko ke, ukufumana ezi ID kungafuna uhambo oluphinda-phindiweyo kwi-DMV okanye i-ofisi yonyulo, inika amaxwebhu afana nesiqinisekiso sokuzalwa okanye amakhadi okhuseleko loluntu abonisa ukuba abanye abavoti abangenayo lula ukufumaneka. Uphengululo lwamashumi amabini amabini luyi- Shintonton Post [[[FLT: 1]] I-DSD] ifumene ukuba kuphela iqhekezandana ye-injini elungileyo efumene ii-ID, icebisa ukuba iinkqubo aziphumeleli umsantsalo. Imingeni esemthethweni enjengaseNyakatho noWiscoverne iphikisa ukuba imithetho enjalo ichasene nomthetho wama-24 ehlalo, ukususela kwixabiso eliphantsi kwemali efumanekayo.

Impembelelo Kuhambo Olude

I-Meta-analysing zenzululwazi yezobupolitika zinikela ingxelo yokuba isiphumo sojikelezo jikelele semithetho ye-ID evoti sithobile kodwa sigxininisiwe. Ufundo lwamashumi amabini anethoba kwi- uMthetho wokhetho weJournal lugqibele ekubeni imithetho ye-ID engqongqo inciphisa ukurhoxiswa phakathi kwabavoti ababhalisweyo malunga no-1-2%, kodwa phakathi kweziphumo ezingabhaliswanga okanye ezingadityaniswanga kakhulu isiphumo sikhulu. Imithetho ikwanenxaxheba kwizinto eziqalayo kunye nokhetho lwasekuhlaleni, apho imidanganiso icutheneyo. Njengoko imithetho yephondo iqhubeka ichaza iimfuno ezintsha, impikiswano ihleli ishushu, ngabaxhasi bonikezelo lwezinkundla zokuvavanyanisa iinkundla ezimalunga nee-spresethi ze-masteretquenti.

Iindlela zokubhalisa kunye nokufikeleleka: Nge-Person, kwangoko, kunye ne-Mail- In

Imithetho karhulumente ayiqinisekisi nje kuphela indlela abavoti ababhalisa ngayo kwaye bazingqina ngayo kodwa ikwakwayindlela abafaka ngayo iphepha lokuvota. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo — kwi-person ngoSuku lokhetho, ekuqaleni kovota, kunye nokuvota okungekhoyo — nganye ilawulwa ngemithetho ekhethekileyo elungele ukulolonga nokuthabatha inxaxheba.

Ukudlala ngemini yokhetho

Uvotelo loSuku lokhetho luhlala luyindlela eqheleke kakhulu, kodwa imithetho yesizwe emalunga neeyure zonyulo, iindawo, kunye nolindelo lwamaxesha ayahluka kakhulu. Amazwe aneendawo ezimbalwa zokuvota kumntu ngamnye, njenge Arizona neGeorgia, aye afumana imigca emide kakhulu kunyulo lwakutshanje, ngamanye amaxesha egqitha kwiiyure ezintlanu. Ama-2020 Ugcino-lwazi lwendawo yovota, kunye nenzululwazi ye-Lab[FLT] kunye ne-Sciecence] uphando oluthiweyo lufumanise ixesha elilinda ngamandla ngenani leendawo zokuvota kunye neota eematshini ababhali. I-Rhoxileyo ithel'iiiiirf' i-ft jovers. I-Devicel'Ault i-Proutemsss proving [2]

Indawo yokuyila efumanekileyo

Phantsi koMthetho wokuKhubazeka waseMerika, zonke iindawo zokuvota kufuneka zifikeleleke kubavoti abaneziphene. Noko ke, ukuthobela kuyahluka. Amanxuwa amaninzi okuvota amadala, njengeecawa okanye amaziko oluntu, ukuswela ii-allp okanye oomatshini bokuvota abafikelelekayo. Imithetho karhulumente efuna ufikelelo lomzimba idla ngokunyanzeliswa ngezikhalazo, kwaye abaxhasi banikela ingxelo yokuba amawaka eendawo zokuvota ahlala engangeni ndawo. Ngexesha lonyulo, i-.S. IKhomishini yovota yovota yonyulo. I-EUFUFOMFOTY[[[[:1]]

Ukuvoloza Kwasekuqaleni

Uvota kwasekuqaleni kuvumela abemi ukuba bafake amavote phambi koSuku Lokhetho, banciphise imigca kwaye banikeze ububhetyebhetye. Inani lentsuku zokuqala zovotelo liyahluka ukusuka kwiintsuku ezintathu kwezinye iindawo ukuya kuma-45 kwezinye iindawo. Amazwe anjengoTexas kunye neFlorida anika amaxesha okuvota angaphambili amakhulu, ngelixa uphengululo lungenayo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba uvotelo lwangaphambili lunyuka ngokulula, kodwa iziphumo zalo zichazwa kakhulu ngamaqela anemiqathango enzima, njengabenzi bezithuba ezishicishiweyo nabagcini. Noko ke, amanye amazwe asandula athe anciphisa iiyure zokuvota okanye anciphisa inani lamanxuwa angaphambili, izenzo eziye zabonisa ukuhlolwa okusemthethweni phantsi kwenjongo yokuvota amalungelo e-Voccoration Activement.

I-Mail- ngaphakathi kunye nokuNikwa kweNgxelo

Isifo se-COVID-19 sokuvota iposi yatshintsha imigaqo yokuvota ngokusuka kwindawo eluncedo ukuya kwindlela ebanzi, njengokuba amazwe anwebe ngokukhawuleza engekho mvume yokuvota. Noko ke, ixesha lasemva kwepandemi libone umva wemithetho: amaphondo amaninzi, kuquka iGeorgia ne Iowa, afake imithetho yokuvota iposi ngokufuna izicelo zokurhoxa ibhola, ukubeka icutha iifestile ezithobayo, kwaye ukubeka umda ii-bolotte trackssting transting translate trackstings. [[FL:0] C u-Awate NC data ye-NCSL ibonisa ukuba ngoku akuvumeli ukuvota okungekho mdlalitho, ngeli ka-15, ngexa iingxoxo eziqhubekayo ezifuna ukurhoxisana ngendlela efana ne-mode, ezinokuthi zikhokelele isantya sokutyikitya okunga okunga okungani okunga qhaza kunyuselwa ukusetyenziswa kwemali okunga.

Ibhola Engenayo

Ibhodi ekhuselekileyo inikezela ngenye indlela eluncedo kwiposi, kodwa ubukho bazo ngoku buphantsi komthetho wezwe. Ngo-2020, njengoPennsylvania noOhio babona ukusetyenziswa kwebhokisi zolahleko, kodwa imithetho elandelayo kumazwe afana ne Texas ne Ohio ilinganisela inani kunye nokubekwa kweebhokisi. Abahlalutyi baphikisa ukuba ukuhlisa iibhokisi kucutha iibhokisi ngokutshayelwa kweposi, abavoti abaswele inkonzo ethembekileyo okanye abajongene nolibaziseko lweposi. Ufundo lwe- iPrinceton Concoficium[ ibonisa ukuba ukubeka ibhokisi kubandakanya ngamandla iinani elandiweyo lokuvota, ingakumbi kubantu basedolokti.

Impembelelo Yemithetho KaRhulumente Ekujikeni Kwezibonelelo: Ugcino-lwazi Nemikhwa

Isiphumo esinyukayo semithetho yokuvota sibhalwe kakuhle. I-2021 ye-meta-analysis epapashwe ku-[FTL:0] Melika Politics Research[ yahlola uphando olungaphezulu kwama-200 kwaye yagqiba kwelokuba imithetho engqongqo inciphisa ukujika ngomlinganiselo we-avareji-manani a-1. Ngelixesha imithetho emininzi inyukayo ngo-2 ukuya kumanqaku amane. Iziphumo ezinqamlezayo kwimijikelezo yonyulo, ukwenza iipakelele zendlela zokuthatha inxaxheba okanye zokuphelisa imo. Umzekelo, uthi imisele imiqathango emininzi engqongqo — njenge Texas, iGeorgia, neFlorida — ibone ukurhoxiswa kolutsha naphakathi kwe-owelungu, njengoko ijikele i-expluntluquququans.

Isifundo setyala: Utshintsho lokhetho lwaseGeorgia ngowama-2021

Indlu yendlu yemivota yaseGeorgia i-202, edluliswe ngo-2021, yasungula iimfuno ezingqongqo zovota-goqo abangekhoyo kwi-asethi yebhokisi ecuthayo, icuthe iwindow yonyulo, yanika indlu yowiso-mthetho yolawulo oluhambayo, yanika i-projekthi yolawulo oluphezulu kulawulo lonyulo. Kwi 2022-phakathi, iGeorgia yagcina uhlahlolo oluphezulu, kodwa yazinzisa iinkcukacha ngobalo lwe- i-Inter yeMelika yeNkqubela-phambili ye-[FLT] [FLT] [FLT] [FLT] ibonise ukuba iBlayibhithi yabamhlophe babe phantsede ukuba abangekhoyo bakwa. Ngaphezu koko, ukucuthwa okukwibhokisi okuchaphaza okuninzi okungangenwa yimeko yasedolophu.

Isifundo setyala: Utshintsho lwamaPro-Voter aseKhalifoniya

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iKhalifoniya imisele uthotho lwemithetho ebanzi: ubhaliso oluzenzekelayo, ukubhaliswa kosuku olunye, ivoti--enye jikelele ngeposi (eyayenziwa yasisigxina kunyulo lwesizwe ngo-2021, kwaye yavuselelwa kwangoko. Isiphumo siye saba lunyuko oluthe rhoqo kubhaliso lovoti kunye nokurhoxa, ingakumbi phakathi kwe-Latinx kunye ne-Asia America consotion. [[FLT: 0] Iqumgalic Policy Institute of California ingxelo efunyenwe ukuba uvoti worhulumente uphelo lwarhoxi kunyulo lwama-202020 lufikelele kuma-80% okulingana, ngaphezu kwe-ava-ava-manani esizwe. Ngexesha eliphakathi kwe-California, ukuxhasa ukususwa kobugqentiswano obungongongongongongongongongo bomthetho.

Ukungavisisani Okuphawulekayo Njengembambano Yomthetho KaRhulumente

Imithetho yezorhulumente ikwamisela ukuba abantu abanobufundakazo bangavota kusini na. Kumaphondo amabini — iMaine kunye neVermont — abantu abaneenkolelo ezintle abakhange baphulukane namalungelo abo okuvota, naxa besentolongweni. Kwenye imikhosi egqithisileyo, njenge Florida ne-Iowa inyanzela ukuba balahle intlawulo yobomi bonke, nangona utshintsho lwakutshanje luye lwabuyisela amalungelo amaninzi. Ulungiso lwendawo yeFlorida, ludluliselwe ngo-20181818, amalungelo okuvota ngaphezu kwe-1.4 lezigidi zabantu abaneevolutensile, kodwa umthetho olandelayo wafuna ukuba bahlawule zonke izihlalo nemirhumo phambi kokuba babhalise, benza oko abagxeki bebiza irhafuthe yale. [[FLT: 0] Iprojective projectivesting [FLD] i-41] uqikelelo lwe-Melika ngoku uluphethi ye-Oventini e-okrantini e-occle.

Isiphelo: Idabi Eliqhubekayo Lokufuna Ukufikelela Nokuthembeka

Imithetho yezoburhulumente ayingobuchule bobundilele; yizixhobo eziqhuba umatshini wedemokhrasi. Ilungiselelo ngalinye — nokuba liyalela uhlobo oluthile lwe-ID, limisela ixesha lokubhalisa, okanye lichaza inani le-colotte widget willbhokisi — linokuvula umnyango kwidonga lokuvota okanye liqinise imiqobo. Kubafundisi-mfundo nabafundi, ukuqonda le ndawo kuyimfuneko. Ngokuhlolisisa ugcino-lwazi, ukulandela amatyala enkundla, nokuthelekisa urhulumente, abemi bangenza izahlulelo olunolwazi ngemithetho esebenzela ngokwenene usukelo lonyulo olukhululekileyo nolulungileyo. Ukhuphikiswano oluqhubekayo phakathi kokungena nokulawula, phakathi kolawulo lwengingqi, luza kuqhubeka ukuchaza ukuthatha inxaxheba komvolo lwaseMelika kwiminyaka emininzi ezayo. Ngokupheleleyo, impilo ye-demokhrasi ayixhomeke kwimithetho kodwa ixhomekeke kwimfuno ephantsi kwelizwi eliqhelekileyo.