Indaleko yomanyano loluntu kwingingqi ephikisa ubunqolobi

Kule shumi leminyaka lidluleyo, ulwalamano phakathi kweenkampani zobugcisa kunye namaqumrhu karhulumente alwa nezobuphekula luye lwakhula kakhulu. Oko kwakha kwaba luntsebenziswano oluphambili, lwasemva kokuhlasela, lwasemva komsebenzi othelekelelwayo, unxibelelwano lwe-data nolwandiso oluphakathi kolwazi, ulwaneliseko, ulwahlulo kunye nobuchule. Olu tshintsho luqhutywa luquka ubuninzi bezixhobo zonxibelelwano lwezitekshinaphithi-manani kunye nobuntlola bamaqela abasebenzisa amajelo-jelo-mente afihlakeleyo, unxibelelwano lwezentlalo-lu melo, kunye ne-intanethi. Namhlanje akukho mntu uluntu u-(ogxanduval-lulo olukhoyo) osisisongelo okanye oluzimeleyo kuphela. Urhulumente uxhomekeke kwimiqatha yamaqonga afana ne-Meta, i-Telegram, kunye ne-X (owesteringing train) ukuze aqonde umsebenzi wabanqolobi, ngoxa iinkampani zikarhulumente zixhomekeke kwimingeni ekukhuseleni, kodwa zisoloko zikhomba zikarhulumente, kodwa zixhomekeke kwimi, ngokobupolitiki

Eli nqaku lihlolisisa iindlela, impumelelo, kunye neempikiswano zezi zinxulumani, zijolise ekubelaneni ngogcino-lwazi, amadabi okukhowuda, izicwangciso zomthetho, nendlela engaphambili. Lifumana kwimizekelo yehlabathi lokwenene njenge-Global Internet Forum to Counterorism (GIFCT), ukusetyenziswa kwemida yesiseko sogcino-lwazi, kunye nezixhobo zomthetho ezifana neUK Online Safety Act ye-USCLOUD kunye noMthetho we-US.

Iindawo zolwandiso lolawulo lobuxhakaxhaka

Ukwabelana ngobulumko neengxelo zomsebenzi ezinika ithemba

Iinkampani zobugcisa zisebenzisa i-ecumetics ezinkulu zedata . ukusukela kwi- email ukuya kwi-asethi yokugcina i-menu ukuya kwi-media yentlalo-ntle-ntle nenobugrogrisi. Iingxelo ezininzi zifake imijelo ecwangcisiweyo ezithi ngayo ezi nkampani zityhile izisongelo ngokuzithandela okanye ngokusemthethweni. Umzekelo, iSebe loKhuselelo loKhuseleko lwe-US line “Bona Into, Say Into” iphulo lobugcisa elisebenzisa inkqubo yezobugcisa elikhuthaza iinkampani ukuba zinike ingxelo ze-intanethi eyingozi. Iingxelo ezinjalo zidla ngokusuka kwiinkqubo ezizimvavanyo zobugrogrisi, imiyalelo yokwenza iibhombu, okanye ulwimi lokufaka i-opera.

Amaqumrhu ezizwe ngezizwe njenge i-Ofisi yeZizwe eHlanganisayo-Trorrism akwamisele izicwangciso zolwazi olunentsebenziswano yolwabelano lolawulo lwemithetho elawulayo. Inyathelo elibalulekileyo yi- i-Achech Against Terrorism[ iprojekthi, enika amaqonga amancinci ngobukrelekrele kunye nezixhobo zobungcathu, evala umsantsa phakathi kwemibutho emikhulu kunye noorhulumente. [[FLTLT: 4.]] I-UN-TYUNURYS Office yobugrosolution [ igcina indawo yemisebenzi engcono esetyenziswa ziinkampani ezininzi.

Umlinganiselo womxholo ozenzekelayo kunye nokuphatha ngehashi

Enye yezona zixhobo zobugcisa zisebenzayo kukwabelana ngeminwe yeminwe ``ihashes'' eyaziwayo. I-Intername-Flum I-Forum to Counter Terrorism (GIFCT), esungulwe nguFacebook, Microsoft, iTubhete, kunye no-Youthbe, igcina isiseko se-hash. Xa ilungu elinye lichonga ividiyo okanye umfanekiso, i-hash idiongeniswa kwisiseko sogcino-lwazi, namanye amalungu angaphakathi. Ulawulo lunegalelo ngokuphuma kwimithombo yobulumko, uthatha ulwando phambi kokuba iividiyo zihambe ngokweprojekthi. [FLT:] [FT]

Ngokucacileyo, le ntsebenziswano idlulela ngaphaya kokususwa ukuze ifumaneke: iimodeli zomatshini zokufunda iimodeli eziqeqeshwe kwii-data ezilungiselelwe ngurhulumente zingalawula iinguqu ezikhoyo zenkcazelo esasazwayo, kwanaxa kungekho mfaniso. Oku kunciphisa ukuthembela kwabaququzeleli babantu, abasenokujongana nengozi yengqondo ngenxa yokuchanabeka kwizinto zogonyamelo.

Ukuguqulela Nokufumana Ingxoxo

Ingxaki yokuvulwa kombhalo ofihlakeleyo iseyeyona ndawo ithanda ukuphikiswayo yentsebenziswano. Oorhulumente baphikisa ngelithi ukuvulwa kombhalo ofihlakeleyo ukuya ekupheleni eqongeni njenge Whats App, Signal, kunye neTelegram kudala “izikhuseli ezikhuselekileyo” ukuze abagrogrisi banxibelelane. Bafuna ukufikelela okusemthethweni qho xa behamba ngeengcambu okanye bejonga umxhasi. Noko ke, abaquququzeli bobuxhakamfuli bezobuxhakamfuli bezo lenzululwazi, baphikisa into yokuba ukuvulwa kombhalo ofihlakeleyo kuya kubeka engozini ukhuseleko lwabo bonke abasebenzisi, kuquka iintatheli namalungu alwela amalungelo abantu, kwaye banokuxhatshazwa ngamazwe anobutshaba.

Le ngxoxo ivelise ii-stiffs ezininzi eziphezulu. Kunyaka ka-2016 uphengululo lwe-San Bernardo, i-Apple yala ukuvula i-IP, icaphula ukuthemba komsebenzisi. Kutshanje, i-EU “Chat Control” izicelo zadubula umlilo kubaxhasi bemfihlo. Ii-nkampani ezifana [[FLT: 0]] isigqeba [[FLT:] [[FLT]] [1] apho umxholo uhlolo luthenjiso lwe-Melika luthiwe nayiphi na intengiso ephakathi kwayo. [FFFF: FOK]

Umhlaba osembindini yi i-'oknaye''inkcazelo echaziwe' indlela esetyenziswa kuMthetho we-UK Online Safety Act, ofuna amaqonga ukuchonga nokususa okuqulathwe ngabagrogrisi kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezizenzekelayo, kodwa akagunyazi ukukhutshelwa kwengubo yokufihla intloko. Oku kusetyenziswa kobuchule kumaqela, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiziphumo ezahlukeneyo.

Imisebenzi yeeFrames ezingokwasemthethweni

UMthetho weSizwe kunye noLawulo

Imithetho elawula ugcino-lwazi olwabelana nolawulo lwahlukene kakhulu, idala ungquzulwano kwi-intanethi engqukuva. Umthetho we-US CLOUD (Ukusebenzisa Ugcino-lwazi ngaphaya kolwandle ngokunemithetho) uvumela ukunyanzelisa umthetho ukuba ufune ugcino-lwazi olusekelwe e-US, kungakhathaliseki ukuba lugcinwe phi, unikezelwe ukuba urhulumente wangaphandle adibane neemeko ezithile zamalungelo abantu. Oku kubangele ukuba kubekho intsebenziswano yokwenene kunye nezinxulumani ezifana ne-UK ne-Australia, kodwa abagxeki bayaludela ulawulo logcino-lwazi lwasekuhlaleni. Isebe le-US lomthetho we-CLUD liphumeze izivumelwano ezikhoyo. [FLT]

I-European Union ibeka imida engqongqo ekuqhubekekeni kogcino-lwazi, ifuna imfuneko zomthetho kunye nohlolo lolwahlulo. Iinkampani zobuxhakaxhaka ezisebenza ngapha kwe-Atlantiki kufuneka ziqhube i-triki yemiqathango, zikhethe ukuthobela ulawulo olungqongqo lokuphepha ingqiniso. Oku kungalibazisa okanye kubangele ukuba kungadibani nogcino-lwazi oluninzi, njengoko kuboniswa kwiSchrem II elawula ukuba i-Sylbes.

Intsebenziswano yeQumrhu

Ezinye iintsebenziswano zenziwa ngokuzithandela − ukukhutshwa kwemiqathango yoshishino ngokwayo − ngelinye ixesha ezinye zigunyaziswa ngumthetho. Umthetho wenethwekhi yeJamani i-Enigrain yoMkhosi woMkhosi we-, umzekelo, imikhosi yeqonga ukukhupha okungavumelekanga (kuquka izinto zobugrogrisi) ngeyure ezingama-24 okanye ukujongwa kwemali enzima. Iqela liye laphendula ngokufaka utyalo kumaqela alungelelaniso oluziiiie-atroctivesss nokwamkela ulawulo oluninzi lukarhulumente. Ngokwahlukileyo kumazwe angenagunyaziso kodwa axhomekeke kwizicelo ezicwangcisiweyo, ezinokuthi zikhokelele kwintlawulo oluphezulu lwe-hoccul-ance okanye ukuchasana.

Umngcipheko wokungena komlomo oshushu yinto yokwenene: xa iqonga lakha amandla okulwa nobuphekula, oorhulumente bangazinyanzela ukuba zisebenzise izixhobo ezifanayo ukuqwalasela ukungavumelani kwezobupolitika. Ukunika ingxelo ngokucace gca kunye nokuzimela okuzimeleyo kubalulekile ukukhusela oku. Iintlangano ezifana ne Acces Ngoku[ kunye amalungelo obuntu Watch rhoqo.

Intsebenziswano Yamazwe Ngamazwe Namanyathelo Okuqalisa Amaqela

I-Internet yomhlaba wonke Isetyenziselwa Ukulwa nobugrogrisi (GIFCT) Ngobunzulu

I-GIFCT mhlawumbi yeyona ntlangano isebenza kunye yoluntu lonke kulo mmandla. Yasekwa ngo-2017 emva kokuhlaselwa nge-ISSIS eYurophu, ngoku iquka iinkampani ezingamalungu alishumi elinesibini kunye nesakhiwo esisemthethweni solawulo. Iintsika ze-GIFCT ziquka: ukuphuhlisa izisombululo zobugcisa ezifana nesiseko sogcino-lwazi oludibeneyo; ukuxhasa uphando olusetyenziswa ngabagrogrisi kwiqonga lamanani; kunye nokuphendula kwemithetho-mthetho yengxaki ekuphuculeni iziganeko ezixhobisa ukwanda kokuqulukrumbisa.

Oorhulumente bahlala kwibhodi ehloliweyo, kwaye i-astum incedisana ne- Europol Iqela le-Internet Referral (EU IRU) ukumisa iflegi enqamleza imida yezisongelo. Ngelixesha i-GIFCT inconywa ngokucukucezekisa umthamo woko kuqulethwe ngabagrogrisi, abagxeki bayiphawula ukuba ayinayo imigaqo ebophekayo kwaye iye yacotha ukuchaza i-algoricthric yento enempembelelo egqithisileyo. [FLT:] [FFFT] ingxelo yokubonakala ngokucacileyo ibonisa amawaka ezinto ezitshintshiweyo ezitshintshiweyo, kodwa ukungaphindwayo okuzimeleyo kuhlala kuyinto exhalabisayo.

Iqela le-Internet ye-Europol kunye nemisebenzi edityanisiweyo

I-EU IRU isebenza ngqo namaqonga ukususa iprotform zomGaqo-nxaxheba ezibekwe kwi-European Union. Inophawu lwesivumelwano neMeta, Google, kunye nezinye, kwaye iqhuba uqeqesho lwamaqela amapolisa esizwe. Impumelelo yalo qela ilinganiswa ngamaqondo aphezulu kakhulu . Ngokugqithisileyo i-90% kwiiyure ezingephi qha kodwa le metric iyodwa ayibaleki kulwalo olu dibaniso phantsi kwemijukujelwa eyahlukileyo.

Imisebenzi edityanisiweyo efana ITriton (ibhekiselele kwiLizwe lamaSilamsi kunye neentlanganiso zeAl-Qaeda kumazwe ali-14) ibandakanye ukwabelana ngexesha lokwenene ngobukrelekrele obufunyenwe kugcino-lwazi lweqonga. Le misebenzi ibonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka kokudibanisa okunzulu phakathi komthetho onyanzelekileyo kunye neenkampani zobugcisa, nangona ziphakamisa imibuzo-mfihlo malunga nokuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi oluninzi.

Iingxaki kulwabelo lobuntlola bomda onganqamleziyo

Ulawulo olungokwasemthethweni olwahlukeneyo, imithetho yogcino-lwazi lobume, kunye nengxubakano yezobupolitika zingasibekela umqobo intsebenziswano ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Umzekelo, xa uhlaselo lwabagrogrisi lusenzeka kwelinye ilizwe, unyawo lokrokrela lungahlala kwiiseva kwelinye, lufuna izivumelwano zoncedo olusemthethweni (MLAT) ezinokuthatha iinyanga. Isivumelwano se-BUDAP eCybercrime sigunyaziswe ngamazwe angaphezu kwama-60, sinika iplani yezicelo zokuxokozela i-e, kodwa ii-operator ezininzi zisenokujongana nolibaziseko lwe-brecracratic.

Abanye oorhulumente baye babhenela kwizenzo ezingekho mgaqweni, ezinjengokubamba abancedisi okanye ukuvala zonke iziteji (umz., ukuvalwa kokwexeshana kweTelegram yePakistan emva kokutyholwa ngabanqolobi). Ezi zizixhobo ezichuliweyo ezinokwenza umonakalo omkhulu kunezinxulumani zabanqolobi abazihlaselayo.

Iingxaki Ezimandundu Nendlela Yokuzikhusela

Ukujinga - jinga Okuvuthuzayo Komsinga

Nasiphi na isixhobo sothintelo lobuphekula singalungiselwa ukukhangelwa ngokuphandle. Inkqubo yokuthenga ngetyala yoluntu yase-Tshayina kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuso obuchaphazelekayo kumaSilamsi angamaqhinga ayimizekelo enika izilumkiso yendlela ulawulo lwenkampani yobugcisa olunokusetyenziswa kakubi ngayo. Kumaqela edemokhrasi, igada iquka imiyalelo yokulawula, iintetho zokutshona kwelanga kwidata, kunye neebhodi zolawulo oluzimeleyo zabasemagunyeni. [FLT:] Iimeko ze-US [FLT:] Inkcube Enkulu ephezulu eNtshona Koloni (FIC) [iiicelela izicelo zikarhulumente zemidathatho, nangona inxalenye yayo yobume ifumene ukugxeka.[FLD:2]

Iinkampani zobugcisa zisoloko zifumana iimfuno ezimbini: ukukhusela imfihlo yabasebenzisi nokusebenzisana nomthetho. Ukuthemba uwonke-wonke kuyaphela xa amaqonga ethathwa njengangamalungu athobelayo (umz., ukunika ugcino-lwazi ngaphandle kwenkqubo eyomeleleyo esemthethweni) okanye ukumelana kakhulu (umz., ukuvumela abagrogrisi ukuba basebenze ngokukhululekileyo). “ingxaki ye-privracy-sensity"[ ayisombululwa sisisombululo esinye somgangatho ophezulu wendlela; umhlathi-onke ikhowudi yehambo inganikela indlela phambili.

Imithetho Yomthetho Nezinto Ezintle Zobuxoki

Iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo zokufumana iziqulatho zabanqolobi ziqeqeshelwe ukugqithisa ii-data ezinokuthi zifikelele kwiilwimi ezithile, imimandla, okanye iimbono zobupolitika. Oku kungakhokelela ekuncitshisweni kolwakhiwo olukwimimandla ephantsi, njengoKurdish okanye i-Palestina abaxhasi abathetha ngokuphosakeleyo njengenobuzala. Uhlolo lomntu lusoloko lungangenelwanga umqulu, oluphumeza kwingxelo ephosakeleyo okanye uphengululo. Urhwebo lwe-Claracs Priples[ lubiza ukukhanya ngomlinganiselo wokuqulathiweyo, kuquka indlela ezichasana ngayo ii-algoristism eziphuhliswayo nezivavanyiweyo. Ikhampaniswe njengoYoult:2] iziphumo ezingalunganga. [FLT]

Ubuchule bukarhulumente obusetyenziselwa ukuqeqesha le mifanekiso busenokudityaniswa, nto leyo enokwenza ukuba abaphandi bangaphandle bangakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba ichanile. Oku kukungaphenduli kuyinto enzulu, ingakumbi xa iimbono zobuxoki zinokukhokelela ekubotshweni ngokuphosakeleyo okanye ekukhanyeni iinkonzo.

Imigaqo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yexesha elizayo

Ulawulo oluzimelayo oluqinisayo

Ezona nkonzo zisebenzayo ekuthinteleni ubuphekula zezi zinto zisebenza ngokuzimeleyo. I-UN Diporteur ekhethekileyo kwi-Tokence-Trorism incomela ukuba nasiphina isivumelwano sogcino-lwazi phakathi kweenkampani zobugcisa noorhulumente sibekwe phantsi kohlolo lwexesha ngalinye lwebhodi efumana abameli bentlalo-ntle. Iibhodi ezinjalo kufuneka zibe namandla okuphelisa unikezelo olukhethekileyo ukuba ukuxhatshazwa kufunyenwe. Amazwe afana neCanada aseke iiKomiti zokhuseleko lomanyano lwamazwe ngamanye amalungu azimeleyo ukuhlola izenzo zobuntlola.

Ukulungelelanisa Imigangatho Esemthethweni Ngaphesheya Kwemida

Ukunciphisa ukhuhleko, izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana ne uMthetho we-CLOUD [uMthetho we-binadaal Pacts kufuneka wandiswe ngexesha idibanisa iingxelo zamalungelo abantu ezomeleleyo. I-EU ihlola “isizukulwana sesibini” sohlobo lweConvention yeBudapest eyakudibanisa amalungelo abantu ukuze afumane ugcino-lwazi. Iinkampani zobuxhakaxhakaxhakaxhaka ziyakwazi ukwamkela imilinganiselo esezantsi yomhlaba wonke apho zisebenza khona.

Ukuveliswa kolwazi “Indawo egciniweyo yePrivoign-Plactives”

Izisombululo zobuchule obutsha zinokunciphisa urhwebo-luphu phakathi kokhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko. Itechniques ezifana i-homomorphic compry (ukuvumela ukubala kugcino-lwazi olufihliweyo), ] ubuchule obune ze zenuktha [, kunye [[FLT]] isifundo esiphakanyisiweyo [ inceda oorhulumente ukuba baqwalasele iipakethi kugcino-data ngaphandle kokubona okuqulathwe yi. Umzekelo, isibonelelo esiphikisanayo sinokubuza ugcino-siseko sonxibelelwano olufihlakeleyo kwiflaginggetiso lwemiyalezo engakhange ingqinelanga nanga nanga kwimiyalezo nganye. Ezi zinto zobugcisa zinika ububanzi obunento obunembuyiselelo obubo obungumbi.

Olunye umzila “ngobuchule bokuyila” ukwabelana ngobulumko , apho kuphela imetadata (umz., ixesha, umthamo, iimboni zelizwe) zabelwene ekuqaleni, kwaye umxholo opheleleyo ufumaneka kuphela ngesiqinisekiso. Umthetho weMessenger Transficiality [ ucetyiswe kwiKhomishini ye US Congresslo ifuna ufikelelo olululo lwemiqathango kwizicelo zonke ezifuna i-croot.

Ukuvala Umsantsa Wezinto Ezincinci Neziphakathi

Inkoliso yengqwalaselo ibikwiqonga elikhulu, kodwa abagrogrisi badla ngokufuduka baye kwiinkonzo ezincinci, ezingekho lawulekiyo. Izinto ezifana ne- Tech Against Terrorism’s “Theking Service". Inkqubo yePlatform [ inika izixhobo ezikhululekileyo kunye nobuchule bosisongelo kwiinkampani ezinezinto ezilinganiselweyo. Oorhulumente bangakungxamisa oku ngokuxhasa “indawo e-API” enokuthi nayiphi iplatifomu idiyo idityaniswe. I-European Commission’s Act [[FLT:]'iiiquke ucwangciso oluneelwayo olunolulwaneelwazi oluphezulu lobugcipheneyo lobugcisa noontanga.

Isiphelo

Intsebenziswano phakathi kweenkampani zobugcisa noorhulumente abalwa nobunqolobi ayiyomfuneko ngenxa yokutshintsha kwamanani emfazwe yale mihla. Xa isenziwa kakuhle, isindisa ubomi ngokuphazamisa iintlaselo, isusa iingcamango zogonyamelo kwisikali, kunye nokuphazamisa ii-intanethi zemali. Xa yenziwe kakubi, iphelisa inkululeko yabemi, ijongene nemithetho-mithetho-siseko echasene noluntu oluncinane, kwaye iphelisa ukuthembana kwimizi - mveliso yedemokhrasi kunye noshishino-zobugcisa.

Ukuhambela phambili, isitshixo asikokukhetha phakathi kokhuseleko nokhuseleko, kodwa kukuyila unxulumano olucace gca, oluqiniswe ngokusemthethweni, noluphantsi kobuveleli obuzimeleyo. Izixhobo ezidweliswe kweli nqaku(ii-hash-sharingfir zesiseko sedata, iingxoxo zombhalo ofihlakeleyo, iqonga elininzi njenge-GIFCT, kwaye ukuvela kokuzigcinela ubugcisa obufihlakeleyo .. Ukumela izixhobo ezijikelezayo ezikhoyo. Akukho nanye kugqibekileyo, kodwa kunye kwakha isiseko sehlabathi elikhuselekileyo lamanani. Abenzi bobuchule bobugcisa, kunye noluntu kufuneka baqhubeke behamba kulo kule miboniso-fikidi, ngalo lonke ixesha bekhumbula ukuba ukulwa nobugrogrisi makungabibingenzeli umgangatho wokutshabalalisa.