Iqela Lesizwe Elisebenzisa Ulster Union Neengxaki: Uhambo Lwezobupolitika Olusebenzisa Impi Noxolo

Iengxaki kuMntla Ireland (phantse u1988) zimela esinye sezona zahluko zididayo kwimbali yale mihla yeBritane ne-Irish. Entliziyweni yomanyano lwezopolitiko yaxhasa i-Ulster Unionsist Party [UP] Ulight Ulight Unions [UP], ekwakungamashumi eminyaka isebenza njengelizwi eliphambili kumaProtestanti aphambili. Impendulo ka-UUP kwingxaki eqhubekayo (ukukhusela kwayo kokuqala kwesikhundla kwi-Protemplatement Aventivement yayo elungileyo, eyahlulahlulwayo, kwaye ekugqibeleni yatshintsha. Eli nqaku lihlola iindlela ezitshintshayo, izigqibo ezingundoqo, kunye neefaso zihlala zihleliyo ngexesha lokuxabana kwayo.

Isiqalo: IUUP Ngaphambi Kweengxaki

I-Ulster Union Union Party yasekwa ngowe-19905, yaba sisithuthi esiphambili sezobupolitika sokugcina umanyano lwaseMntla Ireland neGreat Britain. Kwinkoliso yenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, eli qela lafumana uxhathiso olunganqamleziyo kulawulo lwase-Sponsont, lilawula inkqubo eyathi ijongwa njengegunya lobuhlanga kunye namaKatolika. Ukhokelo lwe-UUP lwazimela kakhulu, lwathi nyaniseka kuMkhosi, ukunyuka kwamaProtestanti, nokuchasa ubuzwe base-Ireland. Noko ke, ekuqaleni koo 1960, iingcinezelo zokuguqula izinto zaqalisa ukunyuka, ukususela kurhulumente we-UK nakuvela kwamalungelo abantu.

Umphathiswa uSerence O’Neill (1963-1969) wazama ukuvelisa utshintsho oluphakathi olujolise ekuphuculeni ulwalamano neqaqobana lamaKatolika . njengokudalwa kwe-Londonderry Development Commission kunye nesimemo kwi-Irish Taoisthe, Seán Lemass, kwiintetho ezisemthethweni. Ezi zishukuma zibangela inkcaso ephawulekayo kwiqela lakhe kunye noluntu olunamaqhina aphezulu. Abaninzi e-UP bajonga nayiphi na i-UP njengethambeko elityibilizayo kwi-Ireland emanyeneyo. Oku kuxandumasi okuphakathi kweqela kuchaza ukuphendula kweqela kwiminyaka engaphambili. Ukucacingisiswa okubanzi kwemeko yezopolitiko kwi-'injini ye-TSMFLD, bona imbali ye-B [FFFF]

Isiqinisekiso Sokuqala SeUpu: Ukukhusela Umanyano Phakathi Kweentshaba Ezimanyeneyo

Xa kwaqaliswa uhambo lwamalungelo abantu ngo-1968, iUlster Union Union Party yabanjwa ingasebenzi. I-Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA) yacela isiphelo sokulungisa, ukwabiwa kwezindlu ezifanelekileyo, kunye nokurhoxiswa kwemithetho ekhethekileyo yeGunyaziso-Mgaqo-siseko. Impendulo yokuqala ye-UUP yayilumkile kwaye ikhusela. Ngoxa u-O’Neill wavuma ukuba kufuneka kuhlaziywe, wanyanzelela ukuba utshintsho lufike kumgaqo wesiseko okhoyo wezobugqeba kwaye ngaphandle kokudinisa umanyano.

Amagosa eqela aye achaza umbutho wamalungelo abantu njengendawo ephambili yokubhukuqa amariphabliki okanye ubukhomanisi. Oku kusetyenziswa kweqhinga kwavumela iUP ukuba igxeke abaqhankqalazi ngeli lixa kuthintelwa ukudityaniswa ngokungqalileyo nezikhalazo zabo. Kwangaxeshanye, ingca ezinyuselayo zingqinelwa ngoovimba bobugxwayiba, abaninzi bevakalelwa kukuba kwale ngxaki ingurhulumente wabo ihlaselwa. Ukungakwazi kuka-UUP ukulwa notshintsho olude oluzahlulayo oluninzi lwamazwe ahlukeneyo kwaye kwanegalelo ngqo ekukhuthani kogonyamelo lwasesitratweni ngowe-196969.

Ukusabela Kwiziqithi zowe-1969 Nokufika Kwamajoni aseBritani

Izibheno ze-Derry neBelfast zaloyisa iRoyal Ulster Constabulary (RUC). Imikhosi yaseBritani yathunyelwa ukubuyisela ucwangco, iphawula iqondo lokujika. IUUP phantsi koMphathi omkhulu uJames Chichester-Clark (owaphumelela eO’Neill ngoMeyi 1969) yamkela ukumiswa njengendlela efunekayo. Kodwa iqela lalingakuthandi ukulwa neWestminster lithatha indima ethe ngqo ngakumbi kwimicimbi yaseNorthern Ireland. Abaquququzeleli abaninzi babeso besoyika ukuba urhulumente waseBritani aphembele impembelelo yamaProtestanti.

Kwiziphumo zoqhushululu, iUUP yajamelana nengcinezelo yokuzalisekisa utshintsho olunconyelwe yiNkcubeko yeNkcubeko kunye neNgxelo yeHunt, eyathi kamva icebise ukuphelisa i-RUC nokudala ugcino lwamapolisa olutsha. Eli qela laxhasa ezi nguqu ngokukrokra, liqonda ukuba ukungaphumeleli ukwenza oko kungabangela ukuba umthetho ongqalileyo osuka eLondon. Kodwa ukuzalisekisa utshintsho olufanelekileyo kwabonakala kunzima ngenxa yokuchaswa yinkcaso yamaqela anyanisekileyo kunye neUP umva we-evencher. Eli xesha labhenca ukwahlukana okunzulu kweqela phakathi kwabo bazimisele ukumelana nocelomngeni lobuzwilam.

IUUP Ngexesha Lobude Bogonyamelo (1971-1976)

Ekuqaleni kowe-1970 kwabonwa ukukhutshwa okuphawulekayo komsebenzi womkhosi. I-Maritural IRA yaqalisa iphulo lokuqhushumbisa iibhombu elixhaphakileyo, ngeli xesha amaqela anyanisekileyo anjengeUlster Defence Association (UDA) kunye neUlster Worganizer Force (UVF) aphinde aphindeze ngokubulawa kwamahlelo. IUP, isebe elilawulayo eSponsont de kube ngumthetho othe ngqo ngo19772, lazama ukugcina ulungelelwano ngoxa likhusela isiseko sayo sezobupolitika ngexesha elinye.

Elinye lamanyathelo adala impikiswano athatyathwa ngurhulumente we-UUP yayiyi- ungenelelo ngaphandle kokuvavanywa , evezwe ngoAgasti 1971 phantsi koMphathiswa oMphathiswa uBrian Faulkner. Internation yajoliswe kujolise kulawulo olubini olufanelekileyo, kodwa yabulawa kakubi, ngobukrelekrele obudala obukhokelela ekubanjwani kwamaKatolika amaninzi amsulwa. Lo mthetho wabangela intlekele: wandisa inkxaso yeIRA, yahlula uluntu lwamaKatolika, yaza yagweba isolwa. IUUUUP yakhusela ukuthelelwa kwe-internaten njengomlinganiselo oyimfuneko wokhuseleko, kodwa yaba ngumqondiso wemanyano olufuna ukusetyenziswa kwe-intrice.

Imithetho Yokhuseleko Nolwalamano Lwe-UP Ne-RUC neUDR

Kuzo zonke iiNtloko, iUUP yaxhasa ngamandla amandla okhuseleko, ingakumbi i-RUC kunye neUlster Defence Regiment (UDR). Iqela lasoloko liphikisa ukuba ukubuyisela umthetho nocwangco kwakuyinto yokuqala, nokuba kwakuthetha ukuthi uthintelo lwenkululeko yabemi. Amalungu amaninzi e-UUP axhasa ngokukhutheleyo iUDR, imikhosi yasekuhlaleni eyaba yinkqubo yomkhosi omkhulu eBritane. Noko ke, izityholo zokulwa kwe-colusition phakathi kwemikhosi yamajoni enyanisekileyo kunye nemikhosi yokhuseleko, kwaye ingakumbi i-UDR / i-UP ibeke i-UP kwindawo enzima. Iqela lakwalandula ukurhoxabela iintetho ezinjalo njengerbalban, kodwa kamva (njengeSteven node Svelvalson) iingxelo ze-collu ezingqinions kwiimeko ezithile.

I-UUP yasebenzisa impembelelo kumthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho. Umzekelo, iinkundla ze-Diplock .

Iimpendulo zezobupolitika: Ukusuka eSunningdale ukuya kwisivumelwano samaNgesi-Iris

Phezu kwako nje ukuma kwayo kokhuseleko lokuqala, i-UUP ayikwazanga ukuyiphepha imfuneko yokuxoxoxisana kwezobupolitika. Ukuwa kwe-Stormont ngo1972 kunye nokubekwa komthetho ngqo onyanzelisa abamanyani ukuba babandakanyeke noorhulumente baseBritane nase-Ireland kwiinkqubo ezintsha zezobupolitika.

Isivumelwano Selanga (1903) Nomva Waso

ISivumelwano seSunningdale sasililinge lokuqala elinzulu lokwenza isigqeba esilawula amandla kumntla Ireland. IUP, phantsi koBrian Faulkner (owayenguMphathiswa omkhulu ngowe-1971), wathatha inxaxheba kwiintetho kwaye wavuma kurhulumente ohlangeneyo oquka iSocial Democratic kunye neLabour Party (SSDLP) kunye ne-omnqamlezo we-UPractal. Isivumelwano saseka iBhunga le-Ireland, sanika iRiphabliki indima edityanisiweyo.

Ngee-pro-padreagists abaququzeleli be-UP (Democratic Union Upkner, Suningdale bamela ukuyekelela okukhoyo: amandla-agcina umanyano ngaphakathi kwe-UK, ngoxa iBhunga lase-Ireland lalisikelwe umda. Noko ke, amaqumrhu aqinileyo asebenza ngaphakathi kwe-UUP kunye neDemocratic Union Paup (DUP) akhokela yi-Ian Paisley elwamsley echasene nesivumelwano. Ngoku i-Faulkn's exhobisa iBhunga le-Ulster eNtshona nyakaze i-1940 i-1940 i-ithe i-N, yazisa i-Noulk eqinileyokunyeleleka, i-West Harryn, i-Harlton yashulk yayamka isuka kwisikhundla esinzima.

I-UUP neSivumelwano samaNgesi (1985)

Okulandelayo kothuko olukhulu lwezobupolitika kweza ngokusayinwa kweSivumelwano se-Anglo - Irish ngoNovemba 1985 nguMphathiswa weNkulumbuso waseBritani uMargaret Thatcher kunye no-Irish Taoisseach Garret FitzGeraldd. Isivumelwano sanika urhulumente wase-Ireland indima esesikweni yokuhlola i-Interern Ireland, ngokuphuma kwiNgqungquthela ye-Intergational. I-UP, ngoko ikhokelwa nguJames Molyneaux, yasabela ngomsindo. Iqela eliquququzelelwe ukulwa, lavakalisa isivumelwano sokungcatshaza, lazalisa iphulo lobugqhinga norhulumente waseBritani. Zonke iiUPUPUPU zirhoximfa zazo kwiNdlhowano zoomatiswano (ngokuba zazingazo zonke zazingabonziwa ziphinde zisetyenziswe).

Ngaphandle kwenkcaso eqinileyo, isivumelwano se-Anglo-Irish asizange sikhokelele ekuweni kwe-UP; endaweni yoko, sabangela ukuba kuqiniswe umanyano kwaye satyhalela iqela kulungelelwaniso olusondeleyo lwe-Dup ngexesha le- “Ulster Ithi Hayi”. Noko ke, isivumelwano senziwe sacaca ukuba amaqumrhu awazukukwazi ukuphinda afumaneke kwinkqubo yamaBritane. Oku kuqhubekeka kwabangela indlela yokusondela kwendlela elula kamva kwi 1990. Uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lwe-Anglo-Irish lungafunyanwa kwi [[FLT:]] ugcino lwe-Confictt kwi-data (INTAR)[FLT)]. [FLD:1]

Ukwahlukana Kwangaphakathi Nokuhambela Eluxolweni Kade

Ngexesha lama-1980 nasekuqaleni koo1990, i-UUP yaqhubeka iqhawulwa phakathi kokwamka kwinkqubo yezopolitiko equka zonke kunye nokulondoloza ukuma okuqinileyo komanyano. Ukhokelo lweqela phantsi koJames Molyneaux (1979-19995) lwalulumkile, lukhetha ukusebenza kwimijelo yeBritane esekelwe kumgaqo-siseko. "Indlu yeCommons" ifana nendlu ye-rather kunokuba ibandakanye nengxoxo ephezulu.

Kodwa indalo yatshintsha emva kokuba uSindululo soMdathi woMda woMkhosi wobuHlalani noMnyaka ka-1994 kunye noMyalo woBunyani obuHlanganisiweyo kunye ne-IRA. I-UUP phantsi koMolyneaux yacotha ukuvumelana, yaye ukugxekwa kwangaphakathi kwakhula. Ngonyaka ka-1995, uDavid Trimble waba yinkokeli, emela isizukulwana esitsha esizimiseleyo ukuvavanya amathuba enkqubo yoxolo. Ukhokelo lwe-Trimb lungabonakala lubalulekile, nangona kwakhona lwabeka engozini ubumanyano bobugqitlo.

UDavid Akanakuphumelela Nesivumelwano Esihle SoLwesihlanu

David Trimble wathatha iUUP wagqiba ukuqhubana nebhunga elinokuphelisa iziKhalo ngelinye ixesha ekhusela umanyano. Wangena kwintetho eninzi eyayiquka iSinn Féin, phezu kwayo nje intiyo enzulu yokudibanisa. Isiphumo Isivumelwano seLwesihlanu esilungile [Isivumelwano seBhali eliPhambili) sonyaka ka1998 sasiyindawo ephawulayo: yadala isikhulu esilawula amandla ahlukeneyo, sawuqaphela umgaqo wemvume (Ayikho kuMntla Ireland i-UK kuphela ngevoti enkulu), kwaye yasekwa amaziko anqamlezayo.

Inkxaso ka-UP yamenza waphikisana nabaninzi kwiqela lakhe kunye ne-Dup. Kwinyathelo eliyimbali, iTrimble yaba ngumPhathiswa wokuqala wase-Northern Ireland ngoDisemba 1999. Kodwa ulwahlulo lwangaphakathi luka-UP lwaya lusiba mandundu. Ukuphenjelelwa yimiba efana neIRA decominging, iqela eliye laxhasa i-DuP, elasikhabayo eso sivumelwano. I-Trimble yarhoxa njengoMlungiseleli Wokuqala ngo-2009 nango-2002, ukunyanzela ukuba i-Riphabliki iphelise. Nangona iphumelele iSaziso soxolo sikaNobel kwiNkokeli ye-SDLDLP uJohn Hum, iTrimble ayizange ixhase i-UUUUP.

Ilifa Lendlela I - Upu Esabela Ngayo Kuzo Iingxaki

Uhambo lweUlster Unionism Party luyimbali yokuziqhelanisa nokuhla kweengxaki. Ekuqaleni kwemfazwe, elo qela lalililizwi elingathandabuzekiyo lobumanyano; ekugqibeleni, laliphathwe yi-DUP eninzi ngokuxhaswa yi-overse. Kodwa indima ye-UUUP iyaqhubeka ibalulekile.

Okokuqala, iqela lalungiselela isiseko sezopolitiko sesakhono sokhuseleko esasiqulathe ugonyamelo − nokuba ezinye zemigaqo-nkqubo yalo zabonakala zingenangeniso. Okwesibini, phezu kwayo nje imfazwe yangaphakathi, iinkokeli ze-UUP ukusuka eFaulkner ukuya eTrible zaye zalalanisa nzima nto leyo eyagcina ukuba nokwenzeka kokuhlaliswa kwezopolitiko kuphila. Okwesithathu, indaleko yeqela leqela ekuthinteleni ukuma nokusebenzisana kwiGoolden Agreement ingqina elinocelomngeni lokutshintsha ukusuka kulawulo lobuhlanga ukuya kulwano lwedemokhrasi.

Ababhali-mbali bayaqhubeka bephikisana ngelifa lika-UUP. Abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi ukusilela kweli qela ukwamkela ngokupheleleyo utshintsho kwiminyaka yee-1960 kwaba negalelo kumlinganiselo wogonyamelo. Abaxhasi baphikisa ngelithi ngaphandle kozibopheleleko luka-UP kumanyano kunye nokukulungela kwakhe ekugqibeleni ukwabelana ngegunya, akukho luxolo oluzinzileyo olunokubakho. Kwingqwalaselo elungelelanisiweyo, bona i-Irish Times egcina i-UP[[FLT]].

Abathathi-nxaxheba

  • Ekuqaleni iUUP yalwa utshintsho lwamalungelo abantu, nto leyo eyabangela ungquzulwano olwaya lusiba Zingxaki.
  • Iqela laxhasa imiqathango yokhuseleko eqinileyo efana nokusetyenziswa kwetyala kunye neenkundla ezingezozobuxoki, ezahlula amaqela esizwe.
  • IUUP yathatha inxaxheba yaza yachasa iSivumelwano seSunningdale, ebonisa ukwahlukana okunzulu kwangaphakathi.
  • Phantsi koMgaqo kaDavid, eli qela lamkela iSivumelwano Esihle NgoLwesihlanu, elamfumanela iNgxelo Yoxolo kaNobel.
  • Ukuwohloka kwe-Electoral kwalandela njengoko iDup yathimba ivoti eqinileyo yombutho.

I-Ulster Unionist Party yayingathi ithetha nto-nye. Iinkokeli zayo zasebenzisa indlela ekhohlisayo phakathi kokukhusela umanyano kunye nokusabela kwimfuno zebutho elitshintshayo. Impumelelo nokungaphumeleli kwalo iqela kunika izifundo ezihlalayo zocombululo lwemfazwe kunye nolawulo lwezopolitiko kwibutho elahluleke ngokunzulu. Ukuqhubeka ufunda, jonga [Oxford] kwi Ulster Union Party[ kunye nokungena kwe-BRINKICA [[FLT]] kwi-UP[FLT]