IGood Wesihlanu Agreement, eyatyikitywa ngo-10 April 1998, iseyenye yezona zicwangciso zezopolitiko nentlalo-ntle kwimbali yale mihla yaseBritane ne-Ireland. Yaphela ngokusesikweni iminyaka engamashumi amathathu yemfazwe enogonyamelo eyaziwayo njengeeNqaba ze yaza yaseka isiseko esitsha sokulawula eNyakatho Ireland. Esona siseko saso yayikukuyila inkqubo yoxolelwaniso ehlala ihleli phakathi kwamaqela amabini ahlukeneyo: amaqhina, axhasa ngokugqibeleleyo i-Northern Ireland ahlala iyinxalenye yoBukumkani obumanyeneyo, kunye namazwe, afuna ukuphelisa ugonyamelo olumanyeneyo. Isivumelwano asizange sigqibe nje sigqibe ukwakhiwa ngokuphandle kwesakhiwo somanyano, ukuqwalalisana, nokuphilisa ixesha elide. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa indlela uLwesihlanu oluxhasa ngayo umanyano phakathi kwezi ntlalo, umgaqo-mthetho-siseko, kunye nempembelelo eqhubekayo.

Imigaqo Eyintloko Yesivumelwano Esibangela Ukubuyiselwa

Isivumelwano esiGood Wesihlanu sisekelwe kwimigaqo emininzi esisiseko, nganye yenzelwe ukucombulula unobangela wolwahluko nokudala iimeko apho amaqumrhu namazwe anokuhlala kunye ngoxolo. Le migaqo ayiyonjongo nje engekho ngqiqweni kodwa isekelwe kwisiseko esingokwasemthethweni nesezobupolitika sase-Northern Ireland.

Ukulingana Nokuhlonelana

Eyona nto iphambili kwisivumelwano yile mithetho ithe thaca ukuba zombini ezi ntlalo zineenkcubeko ezisemthethweni, izilangazelelo, kunye namalungelo. Lo mgaqo wokuzihlonela uthetha ukuba akukho sithethe siphezulu kunesinye. Isivumelwano sichaza ngokucacileyo ukuba abantu baseMntla-ntla Ireland banelungelo lokuzichaza njenge-Ireland, iBritane, okanye zombini, nokuba ezi zinto zimele zihlonelwe. Oku kunconywa okusesikweni kwakuyinguquko ngexesha. Kumanyanzelo olusemthethweni, lukhusela indawo ye-Northern Ireland phakathi koBukumkani boManyene de kube yinkoliso yesizwe. Kuqinisekisa ukuba isiXirish kunye nenkcubeko izakuqwalaselwa ngentlonelo elinganayo, kwaye ukuncitshiswa komgaqo-siseko soburhulumente kunokwenziwa ngoxolo, nto leyo ithetha ukuba umgangatho wesisongelo soluntu ngalunye lungavisisani nobuchule obusuka kwisiseko sonxibelelwano.

Urhulumente Olawulayo

Isivumelwano saseka urhulumente ohluliweyo apho amaqumrhu ahlukeneyo kunye nemikhosi yesizwe abelana ngokulinganayo. UmGaqo-siseko waseMntla Ireland ufuna imvume enqamlezayo yezonyuko, ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho butho linokulawula elinye. UMphathiswa wokuqala kunye nesekela lomPhathiswa Wokuqala liyiofisi edibeneyo, enye emiselwe njengommanyaniso kunye nenye njengesizwe, idala umbutho onegunya elilawulayo. Le nkqubo inyanzelela iinkokeli zezobupolitika ukuba zisebenzisane, zidibane, ziphinde zilalane. Amandla-anokulawula awona lungiselelo nje elilungelelanisiweyo; liyinkqubo yoxolelwano yemihla ngemihla. Xa imanyano kunye nabefundisi besizwe besebenza kunye kwiimbambano ezifana nezempilo, imfundo, kunye nemisebenzi yemfundo, imodeli yentlalo-ntle yoluntu (engcubangengo ziqhubana)

Amalungelo, Ukukhuselwa Nokufumana Amathuba Alinganayo

Isivumelwano siquka izibopho ezinzulu kumalungelo abantu nokulingana. Saseka iKhomishini yamaLungelo abantu baseMntla Ireland, iKhomishini Yokwahlula Iinkonzo, yaza yagunyazisa iBhili yamaLungelo (nangona ingekawiswa ngokupheleleyo). Saluphelisa ucalucalulo ngezizathu zonqulo, iimbono zobupolitika, kunye nohlanga. Ngokomzekelo, kwafuneka ukuba amagunya karhulumente akhuthaze ukulingana kwamathuba kunye nolwalamano oluhle phakathi kwabantu beenkolelo ezahlukeneyo zonqulo neembono zezobupolitika. Eli lungiselelo lixhasa ngokuthe ngqo uxolelwano ngokuqinisekisa ukuba oorhulumente bahlukene ngokwezoqoqosho kunye nezoqoqosho kunye noluntu zabelwahlulwane kakuhle. Umzekelo, i-Fair Bremil noMthetho wezo Treant Ad Remont Ad Remin, i-rectory Conced Remin Proviced Registmentalgist Admittedmin (urage) yamaKatolika, izikhala zesizwe ezimileyo zesizwe ezimele ukusetyenziswa. Ngokuthetha nemithetho, ukuphelisa zesizwe, ukuphelisa ezikhoyo, ukuphelisa okubekwa kwemfazwe kunye nokukholo kwe

Unikezelo kunye noKhuseleko oluqhelekileyo

Ukupheliswa kwezixhobo zomkhosi kwakungafunwanga ngokucacileyo kumbhalo wokuqala, kodwa iSivumelwano sanika onke amaqela amandla okusebenzisa “nayiphi na impembelelo enokuba nayo” ukuphelisa umkhosi. Kwiminyaka elandelayo, i-IRA, amaqela anyanisekileyo, kunye namanye amajoni abeka izixhobo ezingaphaya kokusetyenziswa. Le nkqubo yayizaliswe yimpikiswano kwaye ilibazisa, kodwa ukugqitywa kwayo ekugqibeleni kwafuneka ukuze kuxolelwane. Ukususwa kwesongelo esiphathekayo sogonyamelo kwakuyimfuneko. Ukusetyenziswa kwamaqela emkhosini avumela uluntu ukuba aqale ukuthemba ukuba iindlela zezobupolitika zithathe indawo yemfazwe. Ukhuseleko oluqhelekileyo, njengoko ukurhoxaba kwenqaba imikhosi kunye nokurhoxabela kwamandla ongxamisekileyo, kwandisa nayiphi nayiphi na indlela yolungelelaniso, yanciphisa nangakumbi ulungiso lwemikhosi eyayinobomi bemihla ngemihla. Xa amapolisa ayelungisa utshintsho kwiPatten kunye nengxelo yendalo ye-Apili yase-Internsternernernern (iPrist), nakuwumthetho wesizwe, nayiphi nayiphi indlela ephambili yokulawula yesizwe, ukusetyenziswa kwempi.

Iintlawulo namalungelo enkcubeko

IParades, ingakumbi leyo yeOrange Order, yayiyindawo ekhawulezileyo yokulwa. Isivumelwano sadala iKhomishini yeParades, isiqu esizimeleyo ukumisela iindlela zombukiso neemeko zokudambisa ukuphazamiseka kunye nokuthintelwa. Saphawula nokubaluleka kwentetho yenkcubeko kuzo zombini imimandla. Ulwimi lwase-Ireland, kunye neUlster Scots, zafumana inkxaso nekhuselo olusemthethweni. Isivumelwano esitsha seminyaka engamashumi amabini anamashumi amabini, i-Awanyukelwe ngokuqhubekayo la malungelo enkcubeko, kuquka ukusekwa koMphathi-Lwimi we-Irish kunye noMbutho wolwimi lwase-Ulshift noweBrishishi. Siva ukuba zombini izithethe zesizwe zihlonelwa, azicinelanga, azicinelanga, zibangela ukuba iqela elibanzi apho kungekho nto isongelo kuyo. Le ngcamango iyabalwa rhoqo i-uthromstiki yesithethe esidala kodwa iyabalwayo.

Izixhobo Zokuqhelisela Ubuchule Obukhuthaza Uxolo

Ngapha koko, iGood Wear Agreement yaseka iindlela eziliqela ezikhethekileyo ezilungiselelwe ukukhuthaza uxolelaniso kuluntu, kwiintlangano nakwimibutho yabantu.

Ingxoxo yeKhomyutha enqamlezayo kunye neForum ye-CUBIC

Isivumelwano esenziwa kwiNkqutyana yeSivumelwano se-Covic Forum, iqumrhu elihlola uluntu, kuquka amashishini, amaqumrhu orhwebo, iicawa, kunye nemibutho yokuzithandela. Nangona iForum ingagcinwanga kwiinguqu zamva, isindululo sayo sabonisa ukuqonda ukuba uxolelwano alunakushiywa kuphela kwezobupolitika. Iingxoxo zoluntu, ezixhaswa yiNgxoxokelelwano yeInternational Fund ye-Ireland kunye neenkqubo ze-EUUNICOP, ziye zaxhaswa rhoqo ukususela ngowe-19959. Ezi nkqubo zizisa ubuProtestantis namaLutsha amaKatolika, amaqela angaphambili eejoni, amabanjwa akwimikhosi emfazwe, kunye namaqela amaxhoba okwabelana amava nokwakha ubuhlobo. Ingcamango yokunxibelelana, ingqina ukuba inkxaso, intsebenzi yentsebenziswanothotho-ntle eegroption kunye nenkxaso yolwano lwemiqatha.

Ukuchacha Kwenyaniso Nokuqhelana Nexesha Elidluleyo

Enye yezona nkalo zinzima zoxolelwano kukuphathwa kwelifa logonyamelo lwangaphambili. Isivumelwano seGood Wear Fear Aguement asimiselanga gunya linye lenyaniso, kodwa sadala indlela yamanyathelo amaninzi. Abakhomishinane, iNtomishinala yeNto yeSihlolo (ephanda Iingxaki ezinxulumene nokufa), kwaye iMibuliso yakutshanje eBantwana phantsi kweSivumelwano seHouse (Unyaka ka-2014 izame ukunikela iimpendulo kwiintsapho. Isivumelwano sakhuthaza “ukumanyana nokuxolelaniswa” kwaye saziqaphela iintlungu zamaxhoba aphuma kuzo zonke imacala. Ngoxa amaqela amaninzi ajongeneengxhwalanisayo, amaqela aziva engasebenzanga kusesikweni, ezi nkqubo zivulwe lula ngenxa yokuvuma kokubini nangenxa yokungavisisana nokupheleleyo kwenyaniso kwengxabano. Azi ukuba ayazi kakuhle, kwanokwazi ukuxolelwa, kwana ke kumele amaqela athethe intethelelo.

Iingcebiso Zoluntu Nezithuba Ezabelweneyo

Isivumelwano sakhuthaza isizukulwana semisebenzi yokuququzelela: ukwakha icebo lomanyano lwezikolo ezabelanayo (nakuba zisalinganiselwe), ukuphuhliswa kwezindlu, udonga loxolo oluhlayo (luphantsi), kunye neenkqubo zemidlalo kunye nobugcisa. Inkqubo zeSigqeba se Homeod Expatity Expand Neighbourced Bugnet Programme kunye ne-Ofice yeSebe Elilawulayo: Ukwakha icebo loMbutho loMbutho woMbutho lizikhombe ngqo kwimbono weSivumeko. Umzekelo, ukukhuliswa kweCrumlin Road Gaol kwisethi yenkomfa kunye nengquthela ngoku kusebenza njengesithuba esahlulwe kunye kummandla wamantla embali owahluliweyo. Olu tshintsho lokwenyama kunye noluntu lubonisa ukuba uxoliseko oluphezulu kuphela ngokokubona okuthe ngqo kwezobupolitika kwezobupolitika kodwa kwangoko nangokokubandakanye apho amanye amazwe afumana umhlaba.

Utshintsho Olungokwasemthethweni Nelwezobupolitika Ukuze Kukhuselwe Ukulingana

Ukulingana kwamalungelo abantu kunye namalungiselelo eSivumelwano anxulumene namalungelo abantu kuye kwakhokelela ekukhuselweni okubonakalayo. Umsebenzi wamaCandelo angama-75 phantsi koMthetho wasemntla Ireland 1998 ufuna amagunya kawonke-wonke ukuba akhuthaze ukulingana kwamathuba kunye nolwalamano oluhle. Oku kuye kwasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ulwaphulo-mthetho olusemthethweni kwimicimbi engundoqo, kwizindlu, i-politistiki, kunye nemfundo. Lo msebenzi mnye uye wacelwa ukukhusela amalungelo entlalo-ntle nawamabhinqa, nto leyo ebangela ukuba abantu bahlonelwe ngezantlukwano ezahlukeneyo. Iinguquko zezobupolitika, njengemfuneko yokuvota enqamleza i-commony kwimicimbi engundoqo, zithinte ukulawulwa kolawulo olungundoqo kunye nokunyanzelwa. Ezi zikhuselwano zombini ziqinisekisa ukuba amaqela entlalo mazwe angachasana, nto leyo ekufuneka zikhuselwe ekuthembeni kwabo.

Isiphumo Sesivumelwano Sokuxolelana: Inkqubela Nocelomngeni Oluqhubekayo

Ukuncitshiswa Kogonyamelo Nokungavisisani Kwezobupolitika

Eyona mpembelelo ingenakudutyulwa yeGood Wear Agreement iye yaba kukuncitshiswa okuphawulekayo kogonyamelo lwezopolitiko. Ukusuka kwimfazwe ezimalunga ne-450 ezinxulumene nokufa ngo1972 ukuya kutsho kwi-20 ngonyaka wakutshanje, ukutshintshwa komlilo kucacile. Ukuyeka ukudubula kwemikhosi kuxhaphakile, kwaye imisebenzi yokhuseleko iqhelekile. Oku kuhla kogonyamelo kuye kwadala ukhuseleko lomzimba nolomzinzo olufunekayo ukuze kuqaliswe uxolelwaniso. Iintsapho azisaphili ngoloyiko lokuqhushumbisa okanye ukudubula, kwaye abantwana banokukhula kwibutho apho ukurhoxakeka kwezoqoqosho kungenakuthinteleka. Amaziko ezobupolitika, phezu kwako nje ukunqongokuba nobunzima obusuka kunyaka ka-2017 ukuya ku-202020, ezibonelelwa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezixhobileyo

Izimo Zengqondo Nentembelo Entlalweni

Uhlolisiso lubonisa ukwanda okuthe rhoqo kwezimo zengqondo ezintle phakathi kwala mazwe mabini. I-Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey ibonisa ukuba umlinganiselo wabantu abachaza ukuba abangomaProtestanti okanye abathathi-nxaxheba kwisizwe unyukile, ubonakalisa umgangatho ophakathi. Ukuxhasa imfundo edityanisiweyo kukwanyuke ngokuphawulekayo. Noko ke, ukuthembana kuhlala kusemgangathweni. Uninzi lwabamelwane luhlala lungalawulwa yizindlu kunye nemfundo, kwaye malunga nama-60% abantu abahlala kumagumbi angaphantsi kwamaProtestanti okanye amaKatolika. Uxolobo oluseluntwini olwahlukeneyo eBelfast. Ngexesha i-Parvey i-Advey ithenti inceda ukususwa kweendongalo, ezinye zihlala. Ucelomngeni lokwahlukana ngokwembali lubonisa ubunzulu bembali; umanyano lomanyano oluphakathi kwimimandla enjalo luya kuthatha izizukulwana.

Utshintsho Lwezoqoqosho

Ukuxolelwanisa kuxhaswa nakumanyano lwezoqoqosho. Inkqubo yoxolo itsalelele urhwebo lwamazwe angaphandle, kwaye ukhenketho luye lwaqukuqela, iindwendwe ngoku zitsalelwe kwimpucuko yobugcume yaseBelfast kunokuba zidibane. Iinkqubo ze-EU Rhost zifake amakhulu ezigidi kwimida enqamlezeneyo kunye neeprojekthi ezinqamlezayo. Ukuxhasana kwezoqoqosho kudala izisusa zentsebenziswano; xa umbutho kunye neenkokeli zesizwe zixhasa urhwebo, zibonisa izilangazelelo ezahlukeneyo. I-post-Brexit Non Northern Ireland Protocolsoration kunye neWindsam Frameowey ezilandelayo ziye zavavanya olu manyano lozinzo lwezoqoqosho, kodwa kwakhona zibonisa ukuba intsebenzi ezoqoqosho inokuba sisixhobo sokulawula imicimbi kwezobupolitika.

Ilifa Leengxaki Zamandulo Neziqhubekayo

Ngaphandle kwenkqubela, uxolelwano aluphelelanga. Ilifa leMibaleko lisahlala kumNtla Ireland. Akukho ndlela yokuphucula inyaniso ebanzi eye yavunyelwana ngayo. Umthetho we-UK weSilegacy (2023) waphelisa amatyala asekuhlaleni kunye nophando olunxulumene neengxaki zokufa, oluye lwagxekwa kakhulu ngabathathi-nxaxheba besizwe namaqela amaxhoba. Inkxalabo yomanyano lwemithetho-Protocol iye yaphazamisa amaziko ezobupolitika, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni aqhutywe ngethuba elithile. Uphicotho lwemikhosi (enye iSebe liye layeka) lugcina uphindo phantsi kwesinyanzelo kwimimandla ethile. Inkqubo yoxolelwaniso isuke ingenamgxakelelwano; ihlangabezana neziphelo kunye nenkqubela.

Imigudu Eqhubekayo Yokulungisa Uxolo

Iindlela Ezintsha Zokwabelana Ngemfundo Nezindlu

Isizukulwana semfundo yasemva kokwahlulwa kwemfundo siye sabona amanyathelo afana nenkqubo yemfundo eXelwayo, aluphi umanyano lwemali phakathi kwezikolo zamaKatolika namaProtestanti. Ngo-2020, izikolo ezingaphezu kwama-600 zabandakanyeka, kunye nabafundi abayabelana ngeeklasi, imidlalo, kunye nohambo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukudityaniswa kwemfundo kunciphisa ikhethe kwaye kwandisa ukuzimisela kwezentlalo. Injongo yoMlawuli weMbutho woLawulo lweMpali yokususa zonke iindonga zoxolo ngo-2023 ayizange ihlangatyelwe, kodwa inkqubela eqhubekayo kwimimandla efana neDolokhwe emazantsi eBelfast, apho icandelo lodonga lahla khona kwaye amasango avuleka rhoqo.

Iziganeko Zesithethe Nezoxolelwano

Iziganeko ezifana neBelfast Mela (umthendeleko wezithethe) kunye neWest Belfast Féile iPhobail itsala abathathi-nxaxheba kuzo zonke imimandla. Umsitho weNyaniso noMgwebo, kunye nezinye izikhumbuzo zamaxhoba, ziquka amazwi asuka kuzo zombini izithethe. Ukudalwa kweMyuziyam yaseFree Derry kunye neTroubles kunye nomboniso we-Fout kubonise indlela imbali enokuboniswa ngayo ngendlela evuma ngayo iimbono ezininzi ngaphandle kokuzukisa ugonyamelo.

Ulawulo Lwezobupolitika Nokuzinzisa Kwamaqumrhu

Ngoxa uMlawuli uLawuli ejongene neemeko ezininzi, isibakala sokuba iye yabuya emva kokuzinza kwayo nganye ibonisa ukuzinikela okubanzi kwisivumelwano. Iinkokeli ezinjengoJohn Hume, David Trimbell, kwaye kamva i-Arlene Foster, uMichelle O’Neill, noNaomi Long bonke, bonke, ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, babonise ukuvuma ukubandakanywa. Isivumelwano ngokwaso siye salungiswa ngexesha ngalinye: iSt Andrews Progrectment (2006), iHillsborbestough Castlemental Actriglisect (2010), Squary House Arectrition, neNew Starpment (2015), neNew Ecoms, i-202020) yonke ibonise ukuba ntle kwesakhiwo sokuqala. Oku kulungeleneyo kubonakalisa ukuba namandla e-Active; asiluntlyiyo ayiyo inkqubo ekhoyo yezopolitiko.

Isiphelo: Isiseko Sokuxolelana

IGood Wesihlanu Agreement yalungiselela uxolelwano olubalulekileyo lwezobupolitika, lomthetho, nolwezentlalo, kunye noxolelwano phakathi kwabamanyaniso kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba eMntla Ireland. Ayizange ibenako ukuphelisa yaye ayikwazanga ukuphelisa icandelo ngesiquphe, kodwa yadala iimeko apho ulwahlulo lunokulawulwa ngokuzolileyo nokuthembana kwakhona. Ngokukhuthaza ukulingana, amandla, ukuqhubana kwamalungelo abantu, ulwalamano oluqhelekileyo, inkqukumbelano nokhuseleko, yanika omabini isiqinisekiso esicacileyo sokuba imicimbi yabo engundoqo iza kulungiswa ngezixhobo zezobupolitika. Iinkqubo zokunqamleza ii-communy, iinkqubo ezingokwemali, kunye neenkqubo zoluntu eziqhubekekayo, zigcina uxolo kunye nokukhuthaza umanyano olubangela umanyano. Izivumelwano ezingookna zobundlo zisenokungapheli ngokupheleleyo, kodwa izivumelwano zesivumelwano zinokungaphelishwa nangaze ziphele nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi na enye isiseko sezo.