Indlela Izabelo Zorhulumente Eziwakhusela Ngayo Amalungelo Nokhuseleko Lwakho

Amasebe karhulumente asebenza njengesiseko sebutho lanamhlanje, esebenza ngokungakhathali ukukhusela amalungelo asisiseko, ukhuseleko, kunye nentlalo-ntle yabemi. Ukususela kwixesha ovuka ngalo ukuya ebuthongweni, imibutho emininzi karhulumente ijonge, iyalawula, kwaye isabela ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla buhlala bukhuselekile, busesikweni, kwaye bukhuselekile. La maqumrhu asebenza kurhulumente, kumazwe, nakwimigangatho yasekuhlaleni, ngamnye unendima ekhethekileyo kunye neembopheleleko eziququlunqeneyo ezenza umnatha wokhuseleko kubantu ngabanye, kwiintsapho, nakumazwe asekuhlaleni lonke.

Ukuqonda indlela aba bameli abasebenza ngayo kunye nokhuseleko olukhethekileyo abalunikelayo kubalulekile kumntu ngamnye. Olu lwazi lunika abantu amandla okuqaphela amalungelo abo, ukufumaneka kweenkonzo ezikhoyo, nokuthatha inxaxheba ngokunempumelelo kubomi boluntu. Nokuba kuqinisekisa ukutya okutyiweyo kukhuselekile, umoya owuphefumlayo ucocekile, okanye ukuba inkululeko yakho yoluntu ikhuselwe, abameli bakarhulumente basebenza ngokuqhubekayo ukulondoloza ulungelelwano olululo phakathi komntu ngamnye nokhuseleko lwentlalonye.

Isiseko Sokhuseleko Lomthetho Nonyanzelo Lomthetho

Imigaqo yokukhusela esemthethweni yeyona nto iphambili kwidemokhrasi esebenzayo, yaye amaqumrhu amaninzi karhulumente anikela ngobuncwane bawo ukuze axhase umthetho.

Ukunyanzeliswa Komthetho Nokusesikweni Kwezaphuli - mthetho

Amasebe amapolisa asekuhlaleni asebenza kwimigangatho emininzi karhulumente, ngalinye elinemithetho nembopheleleko ehlukeneyo. Asebenza njengomgca wokuqala wokuzikhusela kulwaphulo-mthetho kwiindawo ezihlala abantu, ukuphendula xa kufikelelwa unxulumano olungxamisekileyo, ukuqhuba uphando, nokugcina ucwangco loluntu. La masebe asebenza ngokusondeleyo nabemi boluntu ukuze kwakhiwe intembelo kunye nokuzalisekisa iindlela zobupolisa ezithetha ngokhuseleko lwasekuhlaleni.

Kumgangatho wesizwe, amagosa afana namapolisa kunye noomatiloshe abajikelezayo bemiba ebanzi, kuquka ukhuseleko lwezithuthi kwiindlela ezinkulu, uphando lolwaphulo-mthetho olusehlabathini lonke, kunye nenkxaso kumasebe alawula imithetho asekuhlaleni asenokungabi nazinto zikhethekileyo. Ii-ofisi zophando zelizwe zisoloko zisingatha amatyala entsonkothileyo anqamleza imida yephondo okanye afuna ukuhambela phambili

Amaqumrhu agunyazisa umthetho olungelelanisa ulawulo lomthetho alwa nolwaphulo-mthetho olungaphaya kwemida okanye olusongela ukhuseleko lwesizwe. I-Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) iphanda ngolwaphulo-mthetho olunzulu oluquka ubugrogrisi, ubugrogrisi obuyikhompyutha, ulwaphulo-mthetho olulungelelanisiweyo, kunye norhwaphilizo lukawonke-wonke. IDrugn Inforcement Administration (DEA) ilwa nemibutho ethengisa ngeziyobisi, ngelixa iBureauau of Alcohool, iTobacco, iFirems kunye ne-Exlosivels (AFFF) inguence imigaqo yomthetho yesizwe enxulumene nezixhobo, kunye nezixhobo.

Inkqubo yeNkundla noKhuselo lwezeNkundla

Isebe eligwebayo, ngonxibelelwano lwalo lweenkundla, linikela inkxaso esisiseko ngokutolika imithetho, ngokucombulula iimbambano, nokuqinisekisa ukuba okusesikweni kuphunyezwa ngokusesikweni. Iinkundla zeSebe, kuquka iinkundla zesithili, iinkundla zezibheno zesiphaluka, kunye neNkundla ePhakamileyo, zisingatha amatyala abandakanya umthetho wesizwe, imibuzo yomgaqo-siseko, kunye neempikiswano phakathi kwamazwe okanye abemi bamazwe ahlukeneyo.

Iinkqubo zenkundla zeli lizwe zilawula uninzi lwamatyala asemthethweni, kuquka amatyala olwaphulo-mthetho, iingxwabangxwaba zamakhaya, imicimbi yomthetho wentsapho, nemiba egunyazisayo. Ezi nkombiso ziqinisekisa ukuba abantu ngabanye banokufikelela kokusesikweni kwaye amalungelo abo asemthethweni akhuselwa kwinkqubo efanelekileyo. Abakhuseli bakawonke-wonke namagqwetha amiselwe yinkundla aqinisekisa ukuba kwanabo bangenalwazi olusemthethweni bafumana isiluleko esifanelekileyo, bexhasa ilungelo lomGaqo-siseko lokuvavanywa ngokusesikweni.

Ukhuseleko lwamalungelo oluntu kunye nongquzulwano oluchaseneyo

ISebe leMicimbi yamaLungu lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunyanzeleni imithetho karhulumente elwa ikhethe elisekelwe kuhlanga, ibala, imvelaphi yesizwe, isini, ukukhubazeka, nonqulo. Eli candelo liphanda izikhalazo, ukumangalelwa kwabaphula umthetho, nokusebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuba bafumana imfundo, umsebenzi, izindlu, nendawo yokuhlala kawonke-wonke.

IKhomishoni ye-Aumeltime Opportunity Commission (EOC) ithetha ngokukhethekileyo ngocalulo lwasemsebenzini, iphanda izityholo ezibekwa abasebenzi kunye nabaceli bemisebenzi abakholelwa ukuba baye baphathwa ngokungekho sesikweni. I-Aumelt Yomsebenzi e-Aumeltraight Commission (EEOC) ifuna ukuchanabeka ngokungqalileyo, i-EEOC ibonelela izityholo eziphekwa ngabasebenzi kunye namagosa akholelwa ukuba aye aphathwa ngokungekho sesikweni. I-aseadiationsportancess provings proving, ifuna ukuhlatywa kwemithetho echasene nemithetho echasene nolwaphulo-mthetho. Ngezi migudu, i-EOC inceda ukuvelisa imicimbi elungele ukukhuthath

ISebe leNkcubeko neNkcubeko (UD) limisa imithetho esesikweni yezindlu ekwalela ucalucalulo ekuthengisweni, ekuqeshweni nasekuhlawulwani kwezindlu. I-HID iphanda izikhalazo, inika imfundo ngamalungelo ezindlu, kwaye ithatha amanyathelo ngokuchasene nabanini-zindlu, abameli bezindlu, kunye nabobolekisi ababandakanyeke kwizenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho.

ISebe linika inkxaso-mali yokhuseleko loluntu neenkonzo zexesha likaxakeka

Ukhuseleko loluntu lungaphaya kwamandla asemthethweni, luquka iinkonzo ezininzi ezilungiselelwe ukukhusela abemi xa kusenzeka iintlekele, kwiintlekele zemvelo naxa kukho iingxaki zemihla ngemihla.

Ukuphendula kweMbali yeNkcubeko noLawulo lwentlekele

I-Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) ilungelelanisa ukusabela kukarhulumente wengingqi kwiintlekele zemvelo kunye nongxamiseko. Xa iinkanyamba, izikhukula, imililo, okanye ezinye iziganeko eziyintlekele zihlasela, i-FEMA inikela uncedo lwemali kubantu ngabanye kunye noluntu, ilungelelanisa imigudu yoncedo, inceda ngokuchachacha- kwakhona ixesha elide. Kwakhona eli qumrhu lisebenza ngokunempumelelo ukunceda abantu balungiselele iintlekele ngokuceba, uqeqesho, kunye neenkqubo zokuzilungisa ezinciphisa iingozi zexesha elizayo.

Amaziko olawulo kaxakeka aseburhulumenteni asebenza ngokunxulumene ne-FEMA ukulungelelanisa imigudu yokuphendula kwicandelo lorhulumente nakumgangatho wasekuhlaleni. La masebe avelisa izicwangciso zomsebenzi wongxamiseko, imithambo kunye nemithambo, kunye nokulondoloza amaziko omsebenzi ongxamisekileyo asebenza njengezikhundla zomyalelo ngexesha loxakeka. Alungelelanisa ukuthunyelwa koovimba, kuquka amaqela esizwe agada, izinto ezibonelelwa ngongxamiseko, kunye namaqela aluncedo olukhethekileyo.

Amasebe omlilo asekuhlaleni anikela iinkonzo zongxamiseko ezingxamisekileyo ngaphaya kokulwa umlilo, kuquka ukusabela kongxamiseko, izinto zonyango, izinto ezinobungozi, kunye nemisebenzi yobugcisa. Amasebe amaninzi omlilo asebenza njengazo zonke ii-azazars, aqeqeshiwe kwaye axhotyiswe ukusingatha iimeko ezininzi ezingxamisekileyo. Abacimi bomlilo basoloko besebenza njengabaphendula kuqala kwiimeko zongxamiseko, ukulungiselela ukusindisa ubomi ngaphambi kokuba iinkonzo zezigulane zifike.

Ukhuseleko Lwempilo Kawonke - wonke Nokhuseleko Lwezifo

IZiko loLawulo lwezifo kunye nothintelo (CDC) lisebenza njengeliphambili kwisebe lonyango loluntu, lisebenzela ukukhusela amaMelika kwizisongelo zempilo kumazwe angaphandle nasekhaya. ICDC ihlola ukuqhambuka kwezifo, iqhuba uphando ngeengxaki zempilo, iphuhlisa imigaqo yempilo kawonke-wonke, kwaye inika ubuchule ngexesha leengxaki zempilo. Ngexesha lesifo se-COVOVID-19, iCDC yadlala indima ephambili ekulandeleni intsholongwane, ephuhlisa uvavanyo kunye nobuchule bokugonya, kwaye inika ukhokelo kubanikezeli-onyango kunye noluntu.

Urhulumente kunye namasebe ezempilo asekuhlaleni asebenzisa iinkqubo zempilo kawonke-wonke ezihambelana neemfuno ezikhethekileyo zoluntu. La masebe ahlola izifo, ahlola ukuqhambuka, anika ukugonywa, iivenkile zokutyela, ukujonga umgangatho wamanzi, anike iinkqubo zemfundo yempilo. Abongikazi bempilo noogqirha bezonyango basebenza ukufumanisa nokucombulula iingxaki zempilo ezikhoyo ngaphambi kokuba zibe zezona zisasazekile.

I-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ikhusela impilo kawonke-wonke ngokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kwamayeza, izixhobo zonyango, izithako zokutya, izithambiso, kunye nemveliso yecuba. Isebe lihlola amayeza amatsha kunye nezixhobo zezonyango ngaphambi kokuba zithengiswe, lijonge izinto zokukhusela iinkampani emva kokuvunyelwa, lize liqhube inyathelo lokuzikhusela kwiinkampani ezichasene nemigaqo. Umsebenzi we-FDA uthintela izifo ezininzi nokufa ngokugcina imveliso ezingakhuselekanga emarikeni nangokuqinisekisa ukuba abathengi banokuthemba ukukhuseleka kwemveliso abayisebenzisayo imihla ngemihla.

Ukhuseleko lwezithuthi nokhuseleko lwezibonelelo

INational Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) isebenza ukunciphisa ukufa, ingozi, kunye nokulahlekelwa kwezoqoqosho kwingozi yemoto. Le nkampani imisela ize inyanzelise imilinganiselo yokhuseleko lwezithuthi nezixhobo, iphanda iziphene zokhuseleko, iqhuba uphando kubugcisa bokukhusela imoto, kwaye ikhuthaza imilinganiselo yokuqhuba ekhuselekileyo. I-NHTTA inceda abathengi abanolwazi ukuba benze izigqibo zokuthenga, ngoxa iinkqubo zabo zokukhumbula ziqinisekisa ukuba izithuthi ezinesiphene zilungiswa.

I-Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) ilawula zonke iinkalo zenqwelo-moya yabemi ukukhuthaza ukhuseleko ekuhambeni ngenqwelo-moya. Le nkqubo ifaka inqwelo-moya, iipetroli, ilawula inkqubo yolawulo lwenqwelo-moya, ihlola iingozi. Ngomgangatho wokhuseleko olunzima kunye nolawulo oluqhubekayo, iFAA iye yanceda ekwenzeni uhambo ngenqwelo-moya olusemgangathweni olunye lwentlobo ezikhuselekileyo zothutho.

I-TRAFENT Administration yokhuseleko lokhuseleko (TSA) ikhusela iinkqubo zezothutho zelizwe, ijolise ingqalelo ephambili kukhuseleko lwenqwelo-moya. Abaphathi-mikhosi baseTSA babonisa abakhweli nemithwalo kwizikhululo zenqwelo-moya, bathumele ubugcisa obuphambili bokhuseleko, basebenze namaziko omthetho onyanzelisa ukhuseleko kunye nezisongelo zokuphendula.

Ukhuseleko Nezikhuseli Zezoqoqosho

Le mibutho iqinisekisa ukuba iimarike zisebenza kakuhle yaye abantu banokukwazi ukwenza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo ngezinto abazithengayo.

IKhomishini yoThambeko loManyano kunye namalungelo e-Consumer

IFederal Trade Commission (FTC) isebenza njengelifak' eliphambili lezentengiselwano ukukhusela abathengi kwizenzo zoshishino ezikhohlisayo nezingekho sesikweni. IFTC iphanda izikhalazo ezingezobuxoki, ubusela, ukuqhekezwa kogcino-lwazi, kunye nemisebenzi yezokhuphiswano. Eli qumrhu lithatha inyathelo lokunyanzelisa kwiinkampani ezichasene nemithetho yokhuseleko yabathengi, ngokufuthi likhusela ii-rentengiso kwii-antelligente nakwiingxele ezichaphazelekayo.

I-FTC ikwagcina iNational Do Not Call Registry, evumela abathengi ukuba bakhethe kwiimfonomfono ezingafunekiyo zokurhweba ngocingo. Umbutho unyanzelisa imithetho enxamnye nabarhwebi-bhangi kwaye usukela iinkampani ezingahoyi ireji. Ngaphezu koko, i-FTC inika abantu ubuncwane bemfundo obuninzi, inceda abantu baqonde baze baphephe ubuqhetseba, bakhusele ulwazi lwabo lobuqu, kwaye baqonde amalungelo abo kwiintengiso.

Kwixesha lamanani, i-FTC igxininise ngakumbi ekuthetheni ngemiba yokhuseleko logcino-lwazi kwi-intanethi. Le nkqubo inyanzelisa imithetho efuna iinkampani zikhusele ugcino-lwazi lwabathengi kwaye icace ngokuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi lwazo kwaye isebenzise nemisebenzi yazo. Xa iinkampani zifumana ugcino-lwazi oluqhawukileyo okanye zingaphumeleli ukumisela amanyathelo okhuseleko afanelekileyo, i-FTC ingenza ukhuseleko kwaye ifuna uphuculo lokukhusela abathengi.

Ukhuseleko Lwemali Nolawulo Lokubhanki

I-Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) ijonge iimveliso zemali kunye neenkonzo, kuquka iimali zendlu, amakhadi okuthenga ngetyala, iimali ezibolekisiweyo zabafundi, kunye nee-akhawunti zebhanki. I-Bureau ihlola izikhalazo kubathengi, inyanzelisa imithetho yezemali yabathengi, kwaye ithatha inyathelo ngokuchasene namaqumrhu emali abandakanyekayo okanye aqhathayo. I-CFPB ibuyisela amawaka ezigidi zeerala leedola kwii-eralatha zorhwebo ezingxhwaxhwaleko ezingekho mthethweni kwaye iye yamisela imithetho yokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwekamva.

I-Universidel Deposit Inishuwarensi (FDIC) ikhusela abagcini beemali ngokufaka ii-akhawunti zebhanki ezifikelela kwii-R250 000 kwibhanki nganye. Le inshorensi inika uxolo lwengqondo nozinzo kwinkqubo yokubhanki, iqinisekisa ukuba abantu abalahlekelwa yimali yabo ukuba ibhanki yabo iyangaphumeleli. I-FDIC ikwalawula namaziko emali ukuqinisekisa ukuba basebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuvakalayo, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli kwebhanki.

IKhomishini yezezimali ne-Exchange (SEC) ikhusela abatyali-mali ngokulawula iimarike zokuvalwa kweemali nokugcinwa kwemali kunye nokugcinwa kwemithetho enxamnye nokuqhatha kunye nokurhwebelana. I-SEC ifuna ukuba iinkampani zikawonke-wonke zichaze inkcazelo yemali, zihlole ukurhwebelana nokuqhatha okungaphakathi, zize zithathe amanyathelo okuchasene nokuqhatha kwemali. Le migudu inceda ekulondolozeni iimarike ezifanelekileyo neziphumelelayo apho abatyali-mali banokuzenzela izigqibo ngolwazi.

Ulawulo lokuKhuthaza nokuKhumbula

IKhomishoni yeCPS yoKhuseleko lwezeMpilo (CPSC) ikhusela uluntu kwingozi engekho ngqiqweni yokwenzakala okanye ukufa kwimveliso yabathengi. Le nkampani imisela imilinganiselo yokhuseleko kumawaka emveliso, ukusuka kwiitoyinti zabantwana ukuya kwizixhobo zekhompyutha zasekhaya. Xa kufunyaniswa iimveliso eziyingozi, iCPSC isebenza nabenzi ukukhumbula nokususa izinto eziyingozi emarikeni. Umsebenzi wombutho unciphise ngokuphawulekayo inxeba nokufa kwimveliso yabathengi ukutyhubela amashumi eminyaka.

ICPSC isebenzisa isiseko sogcino-lwazi sikawonke-wonke apho abathengi banokuxela umonakalo onxulumene nemveliso kunye nokuphanda ulwazi ngeengozi zemveliso. Oku kunceda abathengi ukuba benze izigqibo ezikhuselekileyo zokuthenga kunye nabakhapheli beemveliso zabo.

Ukhuseleko lwemekobume nolondolozo lwendalo

Imibutho yendalo isebenzela ukukhusela indalo ize iqinisekise ukuba izizukulwana zanamhlanje nezizayo zinokunandipha umoya ococekileyo, amanzi nelizwe.

I-arhente yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo nolawulo longcoliso

I-EPA isebenza njengesebe eliyintloko lengingqi yokhuselo-moya elikhusela impilo yabantu kunye nemekobume. I-EPA iphuhlisa ize inyanzelise imimiselo yolawulo lomgangatho womoya, ubunjani bamanzi, ulawulo lwenkunkuma, kunye nemichiza. NgoMthetho we-Celean Air Act, isebe limisela imilinganiselo yokungcolisa umoya kwaye lisebenzisa amazwe ukucutha ukukhutshwa komoya kwizithuthi, iziko lombane, kunye nezakhiwo zoshishino. Le migudu iye yaphucula ngokuphawulekayo ubulunga bomoya kwizixeko zaseMelika, inciphisa izifo zokuphefumla kunye nokufa ngaphambi kwexesha.

Iinkqubo zokhuseleko lwamanzi ze-EPA ziqinisekisa ukuba amanzi okusela akhuselekile kwaye imilambo, amachibi, kunye namanzi asemanxwemeni akhuselekile ekungcolisekeni. Le nkqubo imisela imilinganiselo yokusela amanzi acocekileyo, ukulawula ukuphuma kwamanzi emanzini, kwaye isebenza ukucoca iindawo ezonakalisiweyo. UMthetho we-Defite Method Act ufuna iinkqubo zikawonke-wonke zokuqwalasela ubunjani bamanzi nokwazisa abathengi ukuba kukho nakuphi na ukuphulwa, ukuqinisekisa ukuba gcatha nokuziphendulela.

Ngenkqubo eSuperefed, iEPA ichaza ize icoce ezona ndawo zingcolisweyo zelizwe, kuquka iindawo zoshishino ezishiyweyo kunye neendawo zokulahla inkunkuma ezinobungozi. Le nkqubo isebenza ukuba ibeke amaqela anokutyala iindleko zokucoca ngeli lixa ikhusela uluntu ekuchaphazeleni kwityhefu. Le migudu yokucoca ibuyisela umhlaba ongcolisweyo ukuze usetyenziswe kwaye uphelise iingozi ezinzulu zempilo.

Ulawulo nolondolozo lwendalo

Inkonzo yeNational Park Service ikhusela ubuncwane bendalo nenkcubeko yaseMerika, iphethe amanxuwa angaphezu kwama-400 kuquka iipaki zesizwe, izikhumbuzo, iindawo zembali, kunye neendawo zokuzihlaziya. Ezi ndawo zikhuselekileyo zinika amathuba okuzihlaziya, imfundo, kunye nempembelelo ngoxa zigcina indalo nezilwanyana zezilwanyana zezilwanyana kwisizukulwana esizayo. Abakwemiphakamo baqinisekisa ukukhuseleka, ukukhusela ubuncwane bokonakaliswa, kwaye banika iinkqubo zokufundisa ezinceda abantu baqonde baze baxabise ilifa lendalo nelenkcubeko.

I-National Wildlife Fisher neNkonzo ye-Wildlife neScilence yaseUnited States zisebenza ukulondoloza nokukhusela iintlanzi, izilwanyana zasendle, izityalo nendawo ezihlala kuyo. Le ntlangano ilawula iNational Wildlife Ficture System, inyanzelisa imithetho yokukhusela izilwanyana zasendle, kunye nenkqubo yokubuyisela izilwanyana ezisengozini yokutshatyalaliswa. Ngokusebenzisana namazwe, izizwe, nabemi abahlala kummandla, le nkonzo ikhuthaza imigudu yokulondoloza izilwanyana nabantu.

IFold Service ilawula amahlathi neendawo ezityatyanjiweyo, ilungelelanisa iindlela ezininzi eziquka ukuzonwabisa, ukuveliswa kwamaplanga, ukukhuselwa ngamanzi, nendawo yokuhlala izilwanyana zasendle. Le nkampani ilwa nemililo yemililo, igcina imizila yemizila, kunye nezixhobo ezigcina amahlathi ehlala kuwo. Izazinzulu zeFreenest Service ziqhuba uphando ngempilo yamahlathi, ukutshintsha kwemozulu, kunye nolawulo lwemekobume bendalo, zizisa iinkqubo ezikhusela ezi zixhobo zendalo zibalulekileyo.

Ukutshintsha Kwemozulu Nokusesikweni Kwemeko - bume

Amasebe karhulumente agxininisa ekulungiseni imozulu nempembelelo yayo kuluntu. IEPA namanye amasebe asebenzela ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi eshushu, ukukhuthaza amandla acocekileyo, nokunceda abantu baqhelane nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Le migudu iquka ukumisela imilinganiselo yokukhutshwa kwezithuthi nezityalo, ukuxhasa ukuphuhliswa kwamandla avuselelweyo, nokunika ubuchule bokunceda abantu abajongene neengxaki zemozulu.

Amanyathelo okulungisa okusingqongileyo aqinisekisa ukuba bonke abantu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba baluphi na uhlanga okanye ingeniso, bakhuselwe kwiingozi zemekobume yaye bafumana iingenelo zokusingqongileyo. Iinkqubo zisebenza ukucombulula imithwalo yemeko-bume enqabileyo ejongene nentlalo ephantsi kunye nemimandla efumana imibala ephantsi, esoloko ithwele inkcitho yongcoliso oluvela kwiindawo zoshishino, egrafini, kwiindlela zenqwelo-moya, nakwizinxuwa zenkunkuma. Ezi nkqubo zikhuthaza ukungenelela okunentsingiselo ekusebenzeni kwemekobume ebumeni kunye nezinto ezithe ngqo ukuhlangabezana nokungalingani nokungalinganiyo kwemekobume.

Ukhuseleko Lokhuseleko Lwasemsebenzini Namalungelo Abasebenzi

Amaqumrhu karhulumente akhusela amalungelo omsebenzi nokhuseleko, eqinisekisa ukuba imisebenzi ayinazingozi kwaye abasebenzi baphathwa kakuhle. Le migaqo ibalulekile ukuze kugcinwe abantu abasebenzayo kwaye kukhuthazwe iintsapho ezisebenzayo.

Ukhuseleko lomsebenzi nolawulo lwempilo

I-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) imisela ize inyanzelise imilinganiselo yokhuseleko emsebenzini ukukhusela ingozi, izigulo, nokufa emsebenzini. Abahloli batyelela imisebenzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba bayayithobela imithetho yokhuseleko, baphanda iingozi nezikhalazo, kwaye banikela ingxelo kubaqeshi abaphula imilinganiselo esezantsi. Le ngxelo igubungela umgangatho omkhulu weengozi emsebenzini, ukusukela ekuyekeni ukukhuselwa ekuchanekeni kwemichiza ekuvelisweni kwemichiza kwimicimbi yokhuseleko kwi-eronto eziofisini.

I-OSHA ikwanikela uqeqesho, imfundo, kunye noncedo kubaqeshi nabasebenzi ukubanceda baqonde baze bathobele iimfuno zokhuseleko. Inkqubo yeli qumrhu lokunxibelelana inika icebiso eliyimfihlo ngokukhululekileyo, kumashishini amancinane afuna ukuphucula iinkqubo zawo zokhuseleko. Ngale migudu, i-OSHANA iye yanceda ekunciphiseni ukufa emsebenzini nomonakalo ophawulekayo ukususela ekudalweni kwayo, isenza iindawo zokusebenza zibe khuselekileyo kakhulu eMerika.

Ukhuseleko lweyure nomgangatho

ISebe leMbasa neHours Division linyanzelisa imithetho karhulumente elawula umvuzo omncinci, intlawulo engaphaya komsebenzi, ukubulaleka kwabantwana, ikhefu lentsapho kunye nelonyango. Icandelo lihlola izikhalazo zabasebenzi, iiNkcubeko zokuthobela imigaqo-nkqubo, lize lifumane imivuzo yangasemva yabasebenzi abahlawulwa imali ephantsi. Le migaqo iqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bafumane intlawulo esesikweni ngomsebenzi wabo kunye nabasebenzi ababuthathaka, kuquka nabantwana, bakhuselwe ekuxhatshazweni.

ISigqeba seFamily and Medical Sick Act, esinyanzelwa yiWage ne Hour Division, sinika abasebenzi abafanelekileyo ikhefu elingahlawulwayo, elikhuselweyo ngenxa yentsapho kunye nezizathu zempilo. Oku kukhusela kuvumela abasebenzi ukuba banyamekele abantwana abasandul' ukuzalwa, amalungu entsapho agula kakhulu, okanye impilo yabo ngaphandle koloyiko lokuphulukana nemisebenzi yabo. Umthetho uyaqonda ukuba abasebenzi baneembopheleleko zentsapho ezibalulekileyo kwaye kufuneka babe nebhetyebhetyebhethwe ukuze bahlangabezane nazo.

Iingenelo zabasebenzi

Amaqumrhu embuyekezo abasebenzi belizwayo anika iinkqubo ezinika iingenelo kubenzi abenzakala emsebenzini. Ezi nkqubo zihlawula iindleko zezonyango kwaye zinika abasebenzi abangakwaziyo ukusebenza ngenxa yengozi okanye izigulo ezinxulumene nomsebenzi. Iinkqubo zembuyiselo zabasebenzi zilungiselela umnatha wokhuseleko kubasebenzi abangxwelerhekileyo xa zikhusela abaqeshi babo ekumangalelweni, zidala indlela elungeleleneyo kubaphathi bokwenzakala emsebenzini.

I-Social Security Administration ilawula iinkqubo ze-inshorensi ye-inshorensi enika inkxaso yemali kwabasebenzi abangakwaziyo ukusebenza ngenxa yokukhubazeka okunzima. Ezi nkqubo zinika abasebenzi neentsapho zabo ukhuseleko lwemali olubalulekileyo xa iimeko zempilo zithintela umsebenzi.

Amalungelo Emfundo Nokhuseleko Lwabafundi

Amaqumrhu karhulumente aqinisekisa ukuba bonke abafundi bayakwazi ukufumana imfundo ephezulu yaye amalungelo abo akhuselwa kwimfundo.

ISebe lezemfundo namalungelo oluntu kwizikolo

ISebe leDervince of Education’s Office for Civil Rights limisa imithetho karhulumente elwalela ucalucalulo kwizikolo ezisekelwe kuhlanga, imibala, imvelaphi yesizwe, isini, ukukhubazeka, kunye nobudala. Iofisi iphanda izikhalazo kubafundi nabazali, ihlole ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo, kwaye inika ukhokelo kwizikolo kwiimbopheleleko zabo ezisemthethweni. Lo msebenzi uqinisekisa ukuba bonke abafundi banamathuba alinganayo okufumana imfundo kwaye bayakhuselwa ekuhlazisweni nasekucaluni.

I-Word IX ikhusela, enyanzeliswe liSebe lemfundo, iyakunqanda ukucalucalulwa ngokwesini kwiinkqubo zemfundo ezifumana inkxaso-mali karhulumente. Ezi zinto zikhusela ukuhlaselwa ngokwesini, ugonyamelo ngokwesini, ukucalucalulwa ngokwesini, nokungaphathwa kakuhle kwezemidlalo nakwezinye iinkqubo. Izikolo kufuneka zithabathe inyathelo elikhawulezileyo kwaye ngokuphumelelayo kwiingxelo zokuhlaselwa ngokwesini nogonyamelo, zinika inkxaso kubafundi abachaphazelekayo kwaye zithatha amanyathelo okukhusela iziganeko zexesha elizayo.

Imfundo Ekhethekileyo Namalungelo Ahlukileyo

Amalungu e-Assembly aneMithetho yeDraigrame Disease (IDEA), enyanzelwa liSebe lezemfundo, aqinisekisa ukuba abafundi abaneziphene banelungelo lokufumana imfundo kawonke-wonke ekhululekileyo kwindawo ekunzima kakhulu kuyo. Izikolo kufuneka ziphawule abafundi abafuna iinkonzo ezikhethekileyo, abaphuhlisa iinkqubo zemfundo ezilungele iimfuno zomfundi ngamnye, banikele indawo yokuhlala nenkxaso. Abazali banelungelo lokuthabatha inxaxheba kwizigqibo zemfundo kwaye banokuvavanya ucelomngeni kwizigqibo zesikolo ngenkqubo efanelekileyo.

Icandelo 504 loMthetho wokuLawula ukukhubazeka linika ukhuseleko olongezelelekileyo kubafundi abaneziphene, ifuna izikolo zokubonelela ngeendawo zokuhlala eziqinisekisa ukuba bayakwazi ukufikelela kwimfundo. Ezi ndawo zokuhlala zisenokuquka ixesha elininzi kwiimvavanyo, ubugcisa obuncedisayo, izabelo ezilungisiweyo, okanye ukuphuculwa komzimba.

Uncedo Lwemali Lwabafundi Nokhuseleko Lomlobo

ISebe lemfundo liqhuba iinkqubo zoncedo lwabafundi ezinceda izigidi zabafundi ukuba zikwazi ukuthenga iikholeji. Ezi nkqubo ziquka izibonelelo, amathuba okusebenza, kunye nemali-mboleko eyenza abafundi abasuka kuzo zonke iimvelaphi zezoqoqosho bafumane imfundo ephakamileyo. Isebe likwalawula iikholeji neeyunivesithi ezifumana uncedo lwamagunya, ukuqinisekisa ukuba bahlangabezana nemilinganiselo ephakamileyo kwaye banike abafundi inkcazelo echanileyo.

Iinkqubo zemali-mboleko yomfundi kazwelonke zinika ababolekiweyo ukhuseleko olubalulekileyo, kuquka iinjongo zokuhlawula imali ehlawulwayo, ukuthotywa kwemali nokuboleka, kunye neenkqubo zokuxolela abasebenzi benkonzo karhulumente. ISebe lezemfundo lisebenza ukukhusela abobolekiweyo kwizenzo zobugqwirha ngezikolo ezinengeniso kunye nabenzi beemali ezibolekiweyo, lithatha inyathelo lokuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi basebenza xa amaziko elahlekisa abafundi okanye ephula imimiselo.

Amalungelo ezindlu nophuhliso loluntu

Amaziko karhulumente aqinisekisa ukuba onke amaMerika afumana izindlu ezikhuselekileyo nezinokufikeleleka kwaye afumana izinto azifunayo ukuze aphumelele.

Ukunyanzeliswa kwezindlu ezintle namalungelo

ISebe leNkundla neNguqulo linyanzelisa ukuba kukhutshwe iSivumelwano seFair House Act, esilwalela ucalucalulo olusekelwe kwizindlu ezisekelwe kuhlanga, ibala, imvelaphi yesizwe, unqulo, isini, isikhundla sobufazi, kunye neziphene. I-HID iphengulula izikhalazo zokucalucalucalulo ngokucalucalucalulo, ifundisa ngamalungelo afanelekileyo ezindlu, kwaye ithatha inyathelo elisemthethweni nxamnye nabo baphula umthetho. Ezi zinto ziqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu unethuba lokufumana indawo yokuhlala ngaphandle kokucwaswa.

Isebe lezezimali elisebenza ngokusesikweni kunye ne-HUD ukuphanda izikhalazo nokunyanzeliswa kwemithetho yezindlu esesikweni. Amaphondo amaninzi nemimandla iye yandisa ukhuseleko olungaphaya komthetho karhulumente ukuquka iiklasi ezikhuselweyo ezifana nesimilo sesondo, ubuni kunye nomthombo wengeniso. La maqumrhu alungiselela iinkqubo zokuvavanya ulwaphulo-mthetho olubonisa ucalucalulo nokusebenza nabasebenzi bezindlu ukukhuthaza ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho esesikweni yezindlu.

Uncedo Lwezindlu Nokuthintelwa Kokungabikho Kwamakhaya

I-HUD ilawula iinkqubo zoncedo lwezindlu ezinceda iintsapho ezifumana imali ephantsi, abakhulileyo, nabantu abaneziphene bayakwazi ukuhlala ngokukhuselekileyo. Inkqubo yokukhetha iHome Voucher, eyaziwa njengecandelo 8, inika izigidi zeentsapho uncedo lokuqesha, ivumela zikhethe indawo yokuhlala kwiimarike zabucala ngoxa zihlawula ingeniso ehlawulwayo yemali yazo kwirente. Iinkqubo zezindlu zikawonke wonke zinika indawo yokuhlala ekwaziyo ukufumaneka ngqo, ngelixa uncedo olusekelwe kwiprojekthi lwesakhiwo lwenza inkqubela ekhethekileyo efikelelekayo kwimizi ehlawulwa phantsi kwemali ehlawulwayo.

Iinkqubo zokungahlali kwabantu zinika inkxaso-mali kuluntu ukuze luthintele luze luphelise ukungabi namakhaya ngekhusi longxamiseko, izindlu zotshintsho, ukurhoxa ngokukhawuleza, nezindlu ezisisigxina ezixhasayo. Ezi nkqubo zithatha indlela yokuqala yokufumana indlu, ziqonda ukuba izindlu ezizinzileyo zisisiseko sokusingatha ezinye iingxaki ezinjengeengxaki zempilo yengqondo, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, nokungaqeshwa kwemisebenzi. Iinkonzo zokulungelelanisa abantu abaswele ikhaya zibuyela kwizindlu ezisigxinayo zize ziphephe ukubuyela ekungabini.

Uphuhliso loLuntu noLutsha loMbutho

Inkqubo yoPhuhliso loLuntu inika inkxaso-mali elungeleleneyo kumaphondo nakwimimandla yophuhliso loluntu, kuquka izakhiwo ezinokufikeleleka, inkqubela-phambili yezezoqoqosho, kunye neenkonzo zikawonke-wonke. Ingingqi zisebenzisa ezi mali ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zazo ezicinezelekileyo nokuvuselela abamelwane abaxhwalekileyo. Le nkqubo inika amandla ekwenzeni izigqibo zoluntu ngeli lixa kuqinisekisa ukuba imisebenzi iyingenelo eziphantsi nezilungeleleneyo abemi.

I-Ofisi yeSicwangciso soLuntu noPhuhliso ixhasa iindlela ezibanzi zophuhliso loluntu ezithetha ngokubhekiselele kwizindlu, amathuba oqoqosho, nomgangatho wobomi. Iinkqubo zikhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwezindlu ezidityanisiweyo, amanyathelo okuxhasa impilo yoluntu, kunye noncedo loluntu oluchachacha kwiintlekele. Le migudu iyaqonda ukuba uluntu olomeleleyo lufuna ingqalelo kwiimeko ezininzi ezichaphazela impilo-ntle yabemi.

Amalungelo namancedo abahlali

Aba basemagunyeni baxhasa amagqala, beqonda ukuba aluncedo nokuzincama kwawo.

Ulawulo lwezempilo nonyango

I-Veterans Health Administration isebenza enye yeenkqubo ezinkulu zonyango ezidibeneyo kweli lizwe, inikela unyango olubanzi kumavaleji afanelekileyo. Amagumbi ezamayeza kunye neekliniki anika inkathalo esisiseko, ukunyanyekelwa okukhethekileyo, iinkonzo zempilo yengqondo, kunye nezibonelelo zexesha elide. I-VA iye yavelisa iindlela ezintsha zokuvelisa unyango lwezempilo, kuquka iinkonzo ze-teleheath ezinweba ukufikelela kumarhente kumadela asemaphandleni kunye nemifanekiso yendlela yokunyamekela amalungu omzimba kunye nempilo yengqondo.

Iinkqubo zempilo yengqondo zinikela inyameko ekhethekileyo kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo kunamava, kuquka ukuxinezeleka kwasemva koxinezeleko, udandatheko, kunye nokwenzakala kobuchopho okubuhlungu. I-VA esebenzayo iinkonzo zongenelelo lwengxaki, kuquka iVendans Crisis Line, enika inkxaso ekhawulezileyo kumava engxakini. Iinkqubo zonyango lokuxhatshazwa konyango olungekho mgangathweni zinceda amagqala oyise ukukhotyokiswa nokuphinda aphinde afumane ubomi bawo. Ezi nkonzo ziyaziqonda iingxaki ezikhethekileyo zamava ajongene nazo kwaye zinika unyango olusekelwe kwiimfuno zabo.

Ukungafezeki Nokuhlawulwa

I-Veterans Infation Administration inika imbuyekezo yokukhubazeka kumagqala aneziphene ezinxulumene nenkonzo, inika intlawulo yenyanga esekelwe kubunzulu bokhubazeko kunye nempembelelo yalo ekufumaneni ingeniso. Isebe livavanya iingxelo zobulwelwelo, liqwalasela ubungqina kunye neengxelo zenkonzo zokufumana inzuzo. I-Veretans eneziphene ezinxulumene nenkonzo zifumana unikezelo oluphambili kwi-VA ezempilo kwaye lisenokufaneleka ukuze lifumane iingenelo ezongezelelekileyo ezifana nokubuyiselwa komsebenzi kunye nezixhobo ezilungelelanisayo.

Iinkqubo zemali yomhlala-phantsi zinika inkxaso kwinkxaso yengeniso kumagqala asemfazweni asele ekhulile okanye angenazo iziphene ezinxulumeneyo. Ezi nkqubo ziqinisekisa ukuba amagqala awayesebenza ngexesha lemfazwe afumana ukhuseleko lwemali kwiminyaka yawo yamva. Iingenelo zokusinda zinika inkxaso kumaqabane kunye namagqala afileyo, eqonda ukuncama okwenziwa ziintsapho zasemkhosini.

Imfundo nenkxaso yomsebenzi

IGI Bill inika inzuzo yemfundo kumagqala, amalungu enkonzo, kunye neentsapho zabo, iquka ingeniso, iindleko, izindlu, neencwadi zokholeji, uqeqesho lomsebenzi, nezinye iinkqubo zemfundo. Ezi ingenelo zinceda amagqala atshintshele kwimisebenzi yasekuhlaleni aze afeze usukelo lwawo lwemfundo. I VA ijonge izikolo ezinenxaxheba kwiinkqubo zeGI Bill zokukhusela abafundi kwizenzo zokuqwenga nokuqinisekisa ukuba bafumana imfundo enomgangatho ophezulu.

Iinkqubo zokubuyisela umsebenzi weva zinceda amagqala aneziphene ezinxulumene nenkonzo alungiselele, afumane, alondoloze umsebenzi ofanelekileyo. Iinkonzo ziquka ukucebisa ngomsebenzi, ukuqeqesha umsebenzi, ukuphinda uqalise uncedo, kunye nenkxaso yeendawo zokuhlala. I VA isebenza nabaqeshi ukukhuthaza ukuqeshwa kwamagqala kwaye inceda amagqala aqalise amashishini awo ngokuqeqesha ngoosomashishini kunye neenkqubo zokuxhasa iinkqubo zorhwebo.

ISebe leMicimbi yeNkcubeko neMidlalo

Imibutho karhulumente ilawula iinkqubo zokufuduka kwaye ikhusela amalungelo abantu abafudukayo neembacu. Le mibutho ilinganisa inkxalabo yokhuseleko lwesizwe nesithethe samaMelika njengesizwe sabaphambukeli, ibonelela iindlela zokufumana imvume esemthethweni nobumi ngoxa iqinisekisa imithetho yokufuduka.

UBumi base-U.S. kunye neeNkonzo zoGunyaziso

I-U.S. i-Immignationship kunye neSebe loHlalulo loMntu (USCIS) linika inkqubo esemthethweni yokufuduka kwelizwe, iinkqubo zokulungiselela iimvume zokungena, amakhadi aluhlaza, imvume yomsebenzi, kunye nobumi. Isebe likhupha izicelo zeengenelo zokufuduka, iqhuba ii-evili ezingasemva, kwaye linika iziko lokwemvelo apho abaphambukeli beba ngabemi base-U.S.ISCIS ulwazi kunye nezibonelelo zokunceda abaphambukeli bamazwe ukuba baqonde amalungelo abo kunye neembopheleleko zabo, kunye nendlela yokuhamba ngendlela entsonkothile.

Inkqubo yokuzimela ivumela abemi abasemthethweni ukuba babe ngabemi base-U.S., bafumane ilungelo lokuvota, basebenze kumaqumrhu eejaji, kwaye bafumane iipasipo ze-USCIS. Bavavanya ukuba ngabafaki-zicelo, bavavanya ulwazi lwabo ngesiNgesi nange-U.S., kwaye baqhuba udliwano-ndlebe ukuqinisekisa ulwazi. Ukuba ngummi kumela incopho yohambo lokufuduka kunye namalungu apheleleyo asekuhlaleni laseMelika.

Ukukhuselwa Kweimbacu Nokhuseleko LweAsylum

Inkqubo yokungena kweembacu eUnited States ikhusela abantu ababaleka intshutshiso esekelwe kuhlanga, unqulo, ubuzwe, uluvo lwezobupolitika, okanye amalungu kwiqela elithile lentlalo. Amasebe omanyano asebenza neentlangano zezizwe ngezizwe kunye namaqumrhu aphinda afumane indawo yokuhlala ukuze abonise iimbacu, anika ukhuseleko, kwaye anceda ukuba bafumane ukhuseleko eUnited States. Iinkqubo zokufuduka zinceda iimbacu ukuba zingene kwibutho labantu baseMerika ngokunikela inkxaso yokuqala, uqeqesho lweelwimi, kunye noncedo lwemisebenzi.

Ukhuseleko lwe-asylmu luvumela abantu abasele beseUnited States okanye abafika kumda ukuba bafune ukhuseleko ukuba boyika intshutshiso kumazwe abo ahlala kuwo. Inkundla yezokhuseleko yama-USCIS kunye neenkundla zokufuduka zivavanya iingxelo zokhuseleko, ziqwalasela iimeko zamazwe kunye neemeko zomntu ngamnye. Abafaki-sicelo abaphumelelayo bafumana imvume yomsebenzi kwaye ekugqibeleni bangafaka isicelo sokuhlala ngokusisigxina. Ezi zikhuseli zixhasa ukuzimisela kwamaMelika ukulungiselela indawo yokuzimela abo babalekayo intshutshiso.

Unyanzeliso loshenxiso kunye nenkqubo elindelekileyo

Amasebe agunyazisa ukuthunyelwa koluntu asebenza ukukhusela imida nokunyanzelisa imithetho yokufuduka ngoxa ehlonela amalungelo abantu abaphambukeli. Iinkundla zolawulo lomntu ovela kwelinye ilizwe zinikela inkqubo efanelekileyo kubantu ekususweni kwetyala, zibavumela ukuba banikele amatyala abo phambi kwabagwebi abavela kwamanye amazwe kunye nezindululo ezibi. Abangenisi-mthetho ekukhutshweni kwetyala banelungelo lokumela imigaqo esemthethweni, nangona urhulumente engawaniki amagqwetha kumatyala okufuduka njengakumatyala olwaphulo-mthetho.

Ukhuseleko olusemthethweni luqinisekisa ukuba abaphambukeli baphathwa kakuhle xa kusenziwa umthetho. Abaphambukeli abanakususwa ngaphandle kokuchotshelwa phambi komgwebi ofudukayo, ngaphandle kweemeko ezilinganiselweyo. Banelungelo lokucela ucelomngeni lokususa imiyalelo, ukufuna uncedo olunjengokhuseleko, ukususwa, okanye ukubuyiselwa kolawulo. Ezi zinto ziqinisekisa ukuba izenzo zokunyanzeliswa komthetho zivumelana namathuba okunikela iziqinisekiso ezingokwasemthethweni.

Ukuzimela kwamanani kunye nokhuseleko lokuzikhusela

Njengoko ubugcisa busiba yinto ebalulekileyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla, amaqumrhu karhulumente asebenzela ukukhusela abantu ekukhuseleni izinto zabo zobuqu.

I-arhente yoKhuseleko oluPhakathi neMiqathango

I-Cybersecurity and Infrapublicture Security Agency (CISISA) ikhokelela kwimigudu karhulumente yokukhusela izibonelelo ezichuliweyo kwiimeko zekhompyutha. Le nkqubo isebenza namasebe karhulumente, amacandelo angawabo, kunye namahlakani amazwe ngamazwe ukuchaza ukungazi, ukwabelana ngenkcazelo esongelayo, nokusabela kwiziganeko zekhompyutha. I-CISA inika izixhobo zokhuseleko zekhompyutha, uqeqesho, kunye noncedo lobugcisa ukunceda imibutho yokhuseleko nokukhusela iintlalo.

I-CISA ilungelelanisa iimpendulo kwiziganeko zekhompyutha ezibalulekileyo, idibanisa ubuchule obuvela kwiimeko zorhulumente nakummandla wabucala. Le nkampani isebenza kumbindi wemisebenzi wama-24/7 ojonga izisongelo zekhompyutha kwaye uququzelela izenzo zokukhusela. Ngexesha leziganeko ezinkulu, iCISA inceda imibutho echaphazelekayo ukuba ihlasele, ifumane iindlela zokulungisa izinto, ithintele ulalanisa. Le migudu ikhusela iinkonzo ezibalulekileyo ezixhomekeke kumaMerika kumbane nakumanzi ukuya kumaziko empilo neenkonzo zemali.

I-intanethi Eluncedo

IKhomishini yeFederal Trade iqinisekisa ukuba imithetho yezobuqu imiselwe kwaye ithatha inyathelo ngokuchasene neenkampani eziyisebenzisa kakubi inkcazelo yabathengi okanye ezisilela ukuyikhusela ngokwaneleyo. IFTC iye yazisa amatyala kwiinkampani ngenxa yokuziqhelisela kobumfihlo okungachananga, ukhuseleko olungenalwazi, nokuphulwa kokhuseleko lwabantwana kwi-intanethi. Ezi zenzo zonyanzelo zimisela imizekelo ebalulekileyo kwaye zithintela iinkampani ekubandakanyekeni kwizenzo eziyingozi kubathengi.

Umthetho ufuna ukuba ii-website kunye neenkonzo ze-intanethi zabantwana ezilungiselelwe abantwana abangaphantsi kwe-13 zifumane imvume yabazali ngaphambi kokuqokelela ulwazi lwabo. Umthetho ufuna iinkampani zinikele imigaqo ecacileyo, zigcine ukhuseleko logcino-lwazi olufanelekileyo, zivumele abazali ukuba bahlole baze basuse inkcazelo yabantwana babo. Ezi zikhuselwe zibone ukuba abantwana basengozini kwi-intanethi kwaye zinike abazali igunya kwiinyawo zabantwana babo zamanani.

Ukukhusela nokusabela kobusela

Amaziko karhulumente anikela ubuncwane bokunceda abathengi ukuba bathintele kwaye baphendule kubusela ubukho babo. I-FTC isebenzisa i-Accodemist Theft.gov, icebo elibanzi elikhokela amaxhoba ngenyathelo lokuchacha ngokwenyathelo ngalinye. Esi sigqeba sinceda amaxhoba enze amalungiselelo okuchachanaba ngokwesondo, iingxelo zomthetho, kwaye aphikise iingxelo zobuqhetseba kunye nezityholo. I-FTC's I-Accodentity Theft Data Vietinghousehouses iqokelela iingxelo kumaxhoba kwaye yabelana ulwazi nabameli bomthetho abaphanda amatyala okubamba.

ISocial Security Administration Ikhusela Amanani Okhuseleko Loluntu ekusetyenzisweni kakubi nasekuncedeni amaxhoba obusela inani lokhuseleko loluntu. Eli qumrhu liye lathatha amanyathelo okuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwamanani okhuseleko loluntu ngokuqhatha kwaye linika ukhokelo kubantu abathe amanani abo aphulwayo. Amasebe achaza amatyala, elawulwa yiFTC neCFPB, kufuneka anike iingxelo zetyala ngesisa minyaka le kwaye avumele abathengi ukuba bafake izilumkiso zenkohliso kunye nokuqhatha kwiifayile zabo ukuze bathintele amasela ekuvuleni iingxelo ezintsha.

Ukhuseleko Nezokondla

Amaziko karhulumente aqinisekisa ukuba ukutya okufumaneka nokuxhasa abantu abalimiyo.

Ukuhlolwa kokhuseleko lokutya nokubuyiselwa komlinganiselo

I-Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), inxalenye yeSebe lokuKhusela ubulimo, ihlola inyama, inyama, kunye nezinto ezithatyathwa ngamaqanda ukuqinisekisa ukuba zikhuselekile, zicocekile, zifanelekile, kwaye zibhalwe kakuhle. Abahloli beFSIS bakhona kwizindlu zokubulala kunye nakumaziko okulungisa, bahlola izilwanyana ngaphambi nasemva kokubulawa nokuhlola imveliso. Le nkqubo ibeka imilinganiselo yokutya, iimveliso zokuvavanya ii-freyimin, kwaye yenza inyathelo lokuqinisekisa xa ukuphulwa kwemicimbiswa. Olu hlolo luthintela imveliso ezingcolisiwe ekufikeleleni abasebenzi kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba inyama nemveliso yeenkuku ihambelana nemilinganiselo yomgangatho.

IFDA ilawula ukhuseleko lokuninzi lokutya, kuquka imveliso, imveliso, imveliso yaselwandle, izinto ezenziwe ngobisi, nokutya okupakishweyo. Le nkqubo imisela imilinganiselo yokuveliswa kokudla nokulungiselelwa, ihlola izakhiwo zokutya, kunye nokuhlola ukutya okuvela kwamanye amazwe. I-FDA's Food Safety Modertization Act yazimisela ukugxininisa ekukhuseleni ukukhusela ukutya, ifuna izakhiwo zokutya ukuze kusetyenziswe iingcebiso elibanzi lokufumana ukhuseleko nokulawula iingozi. Ezi ndlela zokukhusela ukutya ziye zanciphisa ukuqhambuka nokuphucula ukutya okukhoyo.

Inkxaso yezolimo nophuhliso lwasemaphandleni

ISebe lezolimo lixhasa abalimi nabathengisi ngeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezikhuthaza imveliso yezolimo, ukunyamekela imekobume, nokuphuhliswa kwezoqoqosho emaphandleni. Iinkqubo ze-inshorensi ye-inshorensi zikhusela abalimi ekulahlekelweni ngenxa yeentlekele zemvelo, ukuncitshiswa kwamaxabiso nezinye iingozi, ukulungiselela umnatha wokhuseleko ovumela amafama ukuba aqhubeke esebenza phezu kwazo nje iingxaki. Iinkqubo zolondolozo zinika uncedo lwemali nobugcisa kubalimi abakhusela umhlaba, amanzi, nendawo yokuhlala izilwanyana.

Iinkqubo zophuhliso lwasemaphandleni zinika imali ebolekiweyo nemali-mali yokuxhasa izindlu, inkqubela yezoshishino, kunye nezibonelelo kuluntu lwasemaphandleni. Ezi nkqubo zinceda iindawo ezisemaphandleni zigcine iinkonzo eziyimfuneko, zivule imisebenzi, ziphucule nomgangatho wobomi.

Umgaqo-nkqubo wonxibelelwano kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wezorhwebo

Amasebe karhulumente alawula ukhuphiswano ngezixhobo zekhompyutha namajelo eendaba ukuze akhuthaze ukhuphiswano, akhusele abathengi, aze aqinisekise ukuba iinkqubo zothungelwano zinika umdla ebantwini.

IKhomishini yoNxibelelwano oluManyano

IKhomishini yoNxibelelwano loManyano loManyano (FCC) ilawula unxibelelwano phakathi komhlaba kunye nezizwe ngezizwe ngonomathotholo, umabonwakude, ucingo, itellite, kunye nentsontelo yentsimbi. Le nkampani inikezela ngolwahlulo lwamaqela lwemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, abachazi-layisense kunye nabathwali bocingo, kunye nemithetho emiselwe ukukhuthaza ukhuphiswano nokukhusela abathengi. Umsebenzi weFCC uqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zonxibelelwano zinokuthenjwa, ziyafikeleleka, kwaye zinceda abantu abahlukahlukeneyo.

I-FCC ikhuthaza inkonzo yehlabathi lonke, isebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abantu baseMerika bayakwazi ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zonxibelelwano ezifikelelekayo kungakhathaliseki ukuba bahlala phi. Iinkqubo zenkonzo yehlabathi lonke zinikela inkxaso-mali ukuxhasa izibonelelo zonxibelelwano kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni ezinamaxabiso aphezulu, yenza iinkonzo zifumaneke kubathengi abafumana imali ephantsi, kwaye zidibanisa izikolo, amathala eencwadi, kunye neziko lonyango lokuqhubela phambili kwezonxibelelwano. Ezi nkqubo ziyaqonda ukuba ukufikelela ekunxibelelaneni kuyimfuneko ukuze kubekho intsebenziswano kwibutho lanamhlanje.

Ukukhuselwa Kwabathengi Kunxibelelwano

I-FCC ikhusela abathengi kwiinkqubo ezingalunganga nezikhohlisayo zeenkampani zothungelwano. Umbutho unyanzelisa imithetho efuna ukutyhilwa okucacileyo kwemirhumo namagama, ukunqanda ukuhlawulwa okungekho mthethweni, nokuqinisekisa ukuba abathengi banokutshintsha abanikezeli ngaphandle kwemiqobo engaqiqikaliyo. I-FCC ikwayidilesi ye-lopocall kunye ne-demon, izalisekisa imithetho efuna ukuqinisekiswa kwe-ID yonxibelelwano kwaye ivumela abathengi ukuba bathinte unxulumano olungafunwayo ngokunempumelelo ngakumbi.

Imfuno zofikelelo ziqinisekisa ukuba abantu abakhubazekileyo bayakwazi ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zonxibelelwano kunye nezixhobo. I-FCC ifuna ukuba izithwali zonxibelelwano zinikezele iinkonzo ezivumela abantu abanokuva okanye abangakwazi ukuthetha ukuba bafowune. Iividiyo kufuneka ziquke iinkcazelo ezivaliweyo kubantu abangevayo okanye abangakwaziyo ukuva, kunye nenkcazelo yevidiyo kubantu abaziimfama okanye abangaboni kakuhle. Ezi mfuneko zikhuthaza ukufakwa nokuqinisekisa ukuba ubugcisa bothungelwano buncede wonke umntu.

Ingxamiseko Karhulumente Oyintloko Yokukhusela Amalungelo Akho

• I-Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) - I-Pinteincencees yephondo kunye nezisongelo kukhuseleko lwesizwe
• IMPAHLA yeSizwe samaLungelo eSizwe - Imithetho yamalungelo abantu yequmrhu
• IKhomishini ye-Opportunity (EOC) - idilesi zocalulo emsebenzini
• I-Arhente ye-FEDAL Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) - idibanisa impendulo yentlekele nokuchacha
• Izibini zokuLawula nokuthintela Izifo [CDC] - Ukhuseleko lwempilo kawonke-wonke kwaye zithintela izifo
• Food and Drug Administration (FDA)[FDA:1] - iqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokutya, amayeza, kunye nezixhobo zezamayeza
• I-Federal Trade Commission (FTC) - ukhuseleko kuqhatha nakuqheliselo olugqwethekileyo loshishino
• I-Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) - Ijonga imveliso yemali neenkonzo
• I- Ukhuseleko kunye neKhomishini ye-Exchange (SEC) - ikhupha iintengiso zetyala kwaye ikhusela abatyali-mali
• Ikhomishini yokhuseleko lwezibonelelo (CPSC) - Imisela imilinganiselo yokhuseleko kwimveliso yabathengi
• Environral Protection Agency (EPA) - Ikhusela impilo yoluntu kunye nokusingqongileyo
• Ukhuseleko lokhuseleko kunye noLawulo lwezempilo (OSHA) - iqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwasemsebenzini
• Isebe le-ofisi yemfundo yamalungelo oluntu[[FTL:1] - inyanzela imithetho yamalungelo abantu kwimfundo
• Isebe lezindlu nophuhliso lwe-URB (HUD) - Inyanzela imithetho yezindlu elungileyo kwaye inika uncedo lwezindlu
• I-Veterans Administrations Health - Inika amagqala unyango
• Urhwebo lwabemi base-U.S. kunye neeNkonzo zoGcino-Mbali (USCIS) - Abalungiseleli abafudukayo kunye nokwemvelo
• [[NTL:0] I-Cybersecurity kunye ne-Infrastrual Security Agency (CISISA) - ukhuselo olunengxubevange kwizinto eziyingozi ezisongela ikhompyutha
• [[UMTL:0] IKhomishini yoNxibelelwano oluPhakathi (FCC) - ibuyisela uthungelwano kwaye ikhuthaza unikezelo jikelele

Indlela yokufumana iinkonzo zokhuselo zikarhulumente

Ukuqonda indlela yokufumana iinkonzo zikarhulumente nezokukhusela kubalulekile ekusebenziseni amalungelo akho nasekufumaneni uncedo xa kuyimfuneko.

Izikhalazo Ezikhalazayo Neengxelo Zokwaphula Imithetho

Xa ukholelwa ukuba amalungelo akho aphulwe okanye uye wafumana umonakalo ngenxa yoqheliselo olungekho mthethweni okanye olukhuselekileyo, ukuvala isikhalazo nombutho ofanelekileyo kudla ngokuba linyathelo lokuqala eliya kwisigqibo. Inkoliso yamasebe anikela iindlela zokukhalaza nge-intanethi ezikukhokelayo kwinkqubo yokunikela inkcazelo efunekayo. Ezi ndlela ziqhele ukubuza iinkcukacha ngoko kwenzekayo, xa kwenzeka, ukuba ngubani obandakanyekileyo, nokuba kutheni oku kubangele umonakalo.

Abameli abaninzi basebenzisa ii-lips apho uyakwazi ukuphendula abameli abanokuphendula imibuzo kwaye bakuncede ukhuphe izikhalazo. Ezi zikhewu zishushu zibaluleke kakhulu xa iimeko zingxamisekile okanye xa ufuna ukhokelo malunga nokuba luluphi unikezelo olunokunceda kwinkupho ethile. Amanye amaqumrhu anikela iinkonzo ngeelwimi ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba imiqobo yolwimi ayibathinteli abantu ekufumaneni ukhuseleko.

Ukufuna Ulwazi Noncedo

Amasebe karhulumente agcina iiwebhsayithi ezinamalungelo, imimiselo neenkonzo ezikhoyo. Ezi zinxulumani zidla ngokuquka iiFAQ, amaphepha enyaniso, isikhokelo, nezinto zokufundisa ezinceda abemi balapho baqonde amalungelo abo neembopheleleko zabo. Amasebe amaninzi anika izixhobo neekhaltyulethi ezinceda abantu baqonde ukuba bakulungele ukufikelela kwiinkqubo okanye iinzuzo zokuthelekelela.

USA.gov isebenza njengendawo ephambili yengcaciso karhulumente, inceda abemi ukufumana abameli neenkonzo abazifunayo. Inxuwa linika inkcazelo ecwangciswe ngesihloko nangeziganeko zobomi, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuqhuba iinkonzo zikarhulumente ezintsonkothileyo. Iiwebhsayithi zikarhulumente kunye neewebhusayithi zasekuhlaleni zibonelela ngoovimba abafanayo kwiinkonzo kuloo miba.

Ukusebenza namaBhunga Olawulo

Imibutho engangeni ngeniso kunye namaqumrhu aluncedo olusemthethweni asoloko enceda abantu ukuba balawule iinkqubo zikarhulumente kunye nokufumana ukhuseleko. Le mibutho inikela uncedo olukhululekileyo okanye oluphantsi olusemthethweni, inceda abantu bakhuphe izikhalazo kunye nezicelo, kwaye ixhasa iinguqu zenkqubo eziqinisa ukhuseleko. Uninzi lunobuchule kwimimandla ethile efana namalungelo abantu, ukukhuselwa kwabathengi, ukulawulwa kwemekobume okanye ukufuduka, ukuphuhlisa ubuchule obunzulu obunceda abantu abakhonza kwimimandla yabo.

Imibutho yoluntu idla ngokusebenzisana namaqumrhu karhulumente ukulungiselela ingeniso nemfundo, inceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantu ababuthathaka bayazi ukuba zikho iinkonzo nenkxaso ezikhoyo. Ezi nkonzo zibaluleke ngokukhethekileyo ekufikeleleni abantu abanokujamelana neengxaki zolwimi, ukungakwazi ukungena kwi-intanethi, okanye abanamava aneleyo okuhamba ngoorhulumente.

Ikamva leenkonzo zokhuseleko zikarhulumente

Ukuqonda ezi meko kunceda abemi basekuhlaleni bacinge indlela abanokuguquka ngayo nendlela abanokusetyenziswa ngayo.

Iinkonzo zobuxhakaxhaka kunye namanani

Izixhobo zobugcisa zisebenzisa ubugcisa obuqhubekayo ukuphucula ukwenziwa kweenkonzo kwaye zenza kube lula kubemi ukufikelela kwizixhobo zokukhusela. Ii-operal zivumela abantu ukuba bafake iifayile zezicelo, bahlole imeko, banxibelelane nabameli ngaphandle kokutyelela ii-ofisi. Iinkqubo zenqwelo-moya zinika unikezelo olululungeleyo kulwazi neenkonzo. Iinkqubo zobuchule kunye neenkqubo zoncedo ezisetyenziswa yimibutho yobuchule zisebenzisa izicelo ngokukhawuleza kwaye zibone iipakethi zenkohliso okanye ezophulwayo.

Iinkonzo zamanani kufuneka zilungelelanise ukhuseleko nokufumaneka. Iinkqubo zekhompyutha ziqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zekhompyutha zikhusela ulwazi lomntu onolwazi oluvakalayo ngoxa zihlala zifumaneka kubantu abaneziphene nabantu abangenazo iziphumo zobugcisa.

Ukuthetha Nezisongelo Ezixutywayo

Imingeni emitsha ifuna ukuba abameli balungelelanise iindlela zabo baze baphuhlise iindlela ezintsha zokukhusela. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kudala iingozi ezimele ziqwalaselwe ngabalawuli bemeko-bume. Ubugcisa obudibanisayo obufana nobomntu okrelekrele obungaqhelekanga buphakamisa imibuzo engaqhelekanga ngokuphathelele ukuzimela, ucalucalulo, kunye nokhuseleko abalawuli abamele bacinge ngayo. Izisongelo ezichaphazela inkqubo yokhuseleko lwekhompyutha kufuneka ziqhubeke ziphuculwa kwi-intanethi kunye nakukwazi ukuphendula.

Izixhobo zongxamiseko zisebenzisa iindlela eziqhubekekayo zokuzikhusela iingxaki ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke kunokuba ziphendule emva kokuba kwenzeke ingozi. Olu tshintsho lufuna utyalo-mali, uhlalutyo logcino-lwazi, kunye neenkqubo ezilumkisayo zamandulo ezinokubona iingozi ezivelayo. Kukwafuna ukuba kubekho intsebenziswano kumaziko azimeleyo kunye namaqabane asekuhlaleni namazwe ngamazwe, eqonda ukuba iingxaki ezininzi zinqumla imida yesithethe.

Ukuphucula ukulingana nokufikelela

Amasebe karhulumente agxininisa ngokukhula ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ukhuseleko neenkonzo zifikelela kuzo zonke imimandla ngokulinganayo. Oku kuquka ukuthetha ngeemeko ezahlukahlukeneyo zembali kwindlela eziye zasetyenziswa ngayo imimandla eyahlukeneyo, ukususa imiqobo ethintela abantu ekufikeleleni kwiinkonzo, nokuqinisekisa ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo ayinazo iziphumo ezingalindelekanga zolwaphulo-mthetho. Iinkonzo ziqokelela zize zihlalutye indlela ooluntu abafumana ngayo iinkqubo zabo, zisebenzisa olu lwazi olu lwazi lokufumana nokufumana idilesi.

Ukuganana koluntu kunceda amaqumrhu aqonde iimfuno nenkxalabo zabantu abakhonzayo. Iinkonzo ziba neentlanganiso zikawonke-wonke, ziqhuba uhlolisiso, kunye namaqabane kunye nemibutho yoluntu ukuqokelela igalelo kwimigaqo-nkqubo neenkqubo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba izenzo zobonelelo zibonakalisa iimbono ezahlukeneyo kunye nokucombulula iingxaki zehlabathi lokwenene ezijamelene nazo abantu.

Isiphelo: Ukuzibophelela Okuqhubekayo Ukuze Ukhuselwe

Amasebe karhulumente enza indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni amalungelo, ukhuseleko, nokuhlala kakuhle kwabemi. Ukuqinisekisa umoya ococekileyo namanzi ukukhusela abasebenzi kwiingozi, ukuqinisekisa imithetho yamalungelo abantu ukuya kusabela kwiimeko zongxamiseko, le mibutho ichaphazela phantse zonke iinkalo zobomi bemihla ngemihla. Ngoxa umsebenzi wamaqumrhu karhulumente usoloko usenzeka emva kwembonakalo, impembelelo yayo inzulu kwaye ifikelela kude.

Ukuqonda indlela ezisebenza ngayo ezi ziko nendlela ezikhusela ngayo zinika abemi amandla okusebenzisa amalungelo abo, ukufikelela kwiinkonzo ezifumanekayo, nokugcina urhulumente ephendulile. Xa uwazi amalungelo akho nendlela yokuwasebenzisa, uxhotyiselwa ngakumbi ukukhusela wena nentsapho yakho. Xa uqonda ukuba ziziphi iinkonzo ezikhoyo, ungafumana uncedo xa ufuna oko.

Ukusebenza kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokhuseleko lukarhulumente kuxhomekeke ekubeni ngummi okhutheleyo. IMisebenzi enikela ingxelo yokwaphulwa, izikhalazo zefayile, nokuba nenxaxheba kwinkqubo kawonke-wonke kunceda amaqumrhu achaze iingxaki kwaye avelise izicombululo ezisebenzayo. Ukubophelela nokumisela izindululo eziphambili ezisetyenziswa yimibutho ekhokelayo. Ngokuhlala ifundile kwaye igalelo, abemi baqinisekisa ukuba amaqumrhu karhulumente ayaqhubeka enceda uluntu yaye akhusela amalungelo nokhuseleko lwawo wonke umntu.

Ulwazi oluninzi ngeenkonzo zorhulumente, tyelela .Gov, isikhokelo esisemthethweni solwazi neenkonzo zikarhulumente. Ukufunda ngamalungelo akho oluntu nendlela yokushicilela izikhalazo, tyelela [ ukhupho lwamalungelo e-Jaji eSihlalo [[FLT:]. Ukufumana ulwazi olungokhuseleko lwaMalungelo oMsebenzi [[[FLT:]]. Ukukhusela abathengi kunye nokuxela ukuphamba, ukutyelela iKomishini yezorhwebo [[FLT:] kunye nolwazi lokungalawuleki , ukutyelela i-DSPTPGPG:[5]. [FLT]