Ukwakhiwa Kwendlela: Ngubani Ogqiba Ngokwenza Ntoni?

Iimeko zendlela azinciphisi okanye ziphuculwe ngengozi. Yonke imingxuma egcwaliswe, yonke itrafiki iphakanyiswe, kwaye yonke ibhulorho ihlola imikhondo emva kwizigqibo zikarhulumente eziqala ngokusetyenziswa kwemithetho yowiso-mthetho kwaye ziphela ngenkomfa ekwisitrato. Ukuqonda indlela ezi zigqibo ezinokwenziwa ngayo kufuna umfanekiso ocacileyo wemingxuma yolawulo, ingxowa, kwaye igcine ezi nqanawa zimalunga neekhilomitha ezizizigidi ezisisi-4,2 zendlela zikawonke-wonke eUnited States.

Ulwahlulo loxanduva lobutyala luyintsebenziswano kodwa alusoloko lucocekile. Urhulumente wesizwe, ngokuyintloko ngeSebe lezothutho neSebe leFederal Highway Administration (FHWA), umisela imigangatho yesizwe, unika inkxaso yemali ebalulekileyo edlula kwiinkqubo ze-Infrablicturactmentments kunye noMthetho weSebe leMithetho ePhakathiswayo (IJA), kwaye ujonge iProputestate High System. Kodwa iFWA ayikhankanyisi umngxube webhobho wasekuhlaleni. Lo msebenzi uxhomekeke kwisebe lezothutho (Do T) kwilizwe neU.S.Gadi yephondo okanye yemibutho lengingqi esebenza kwimida yendlela yasekuhlaleni nesixeko. Le ndlela ithetha ukuba umgangatho wendlela yakho yokuqhuba ngemidlwano yemihla ngemihla, umba omba ophantsi kwimiqobo, kunye noonele kwimiv.2/12/12; kunye nemisebenzi yemibutho yorhulumente emithathu ye-3.

Umahluko obalulekileyo ngowokuba ngeli xesha amazwe elawula uninzi lwezicwangciso zendlela, axhomekeke kakhulu kwiindlela zomthetho kunye nezipho ezichaziweyo. Xa iWashington itshintsha ezona zibalulekileyo zemali yayo ngakwizitishi zombane okanye ukhuseleko lwabahamba ngenqwelo-moya, amaphondo kufuneka alungelelanise izicwangciso zawo zekomkhulu leminyaka emihlanu ngoko. Ngenxa yoko, isigqibo sorhulumente senkqubo yemozulu singagqiba ukuba ingingqi yasemaphandleni ingayihlawulanga na into yokubuyisela ifama ewohlokayo ukuya kumachaphaza. Ukudlala phakathi kwala manqanaba ombane kudala amathuba okulungelelanisa kunye nokhuphithazo olunokuthi lulibazise ukugcinwa iminyaka emininzi.

Indlela Izigqibo Zoqingqo - mali Ezithintelwa Ngayo

Iprojekthi nganye yendlela karhulumente iqala ngolwahlulo loqingqo-mali, nendlela ekwenziwa ngayo ezo zixhobo zityhila okuninzi ngesizathu sokuba ezinye iindlela zigudile ngelinye ixesha ezinye zidibene neengcambu. Kumgangatho wesizwe, uqingqo-mali lwezothutho luxhaswe ngerhafu yepetroli, iindleko zokubhalisa iinqwelo-mafutha, kunye nokuthunyelwa korhulumente. Noko ke, iirhafu zepetroli ziye zaphelelwa ngamandla okuthenga izinto kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini edluleyo njengoko izithuthi ziye zaphelelwa ngamandla amafutha yaye ukunyuka komlinganiselo wemali. Le mithetho yokwakha inyanzelo mithetho emininzi ye-DOT ilungele ukugcinwa kogcino-petroli, isigqibo esidibanisa ixesha elide.

Iziphumo zinokufumaneka. Ngokwenkcazelo evela ku-Melika Road & Iqela lamaMakhangisi ezithuthi, umva wendlela noqingqo-mali lwebrorho efunekayo ugqitha kwi $800,000 yezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zemali ngokwelizwe. Xa indlu yowiso-mthetho iphantsi kwendlela egcina ingekabonwa, kodwa isiphumo esikhawulezileyo sinokuba ngabonakali, kodwa phakathi kweminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu, ukuwohloka komgangatho womgangatho womgangatho womgangatho womgangatho womhlaba kukhawuleza. Indlela enokugcinwa ngephepha lemivoko yemivolo efuna ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwe-$500,000 000 000 000 yezigidi. Oku akusiso sisiphumo sobuchule kodwa isisingeso siso sogcino sobugcisa kodwa isinyanzelo somthetho: izigqibo ezimalunga nezinto zoqingqo-lwabiwo-mali zoludwe lweminxeba lweminxeba-mali elawula ngqo imeko yexesha elide lomgca.

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bajamelana neengxaki eziqatha kuba basoloko bexhomekeke kwirhafu yempahla nakwimirhumo yemali jikelele ekhuphisana nezikolo, ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke, kunye neepaki. Ibhunga lesixeko elikhetha ukubeka umthetho kwirhafu yempahla lisenokukhetha ukuvumela izitrato ezihlala kuyo zigcwale. Ezi asizozinto zithengwayo; zizinto zemihla ngemihla kubalawuli bemisebenzi kawonke wonke abamele bathethelele iikhilomitha nganye zokukhuphisana nezinye iimfuno ezizininzi.

Izinto Eziza Kubekwa Phambili: Isizathu Sokuba Ezinye Iindlela Zilungiswe Ngaphambi Kwabanye

Ngokuqwalaselwa ukuba akukho gunya laneleyo lokuxhasa ukulungiselela indlela nganye ngexesha elinye, oorhulumente kufuneka bamisele imilinganiselo esetyenziswayo ukubeka imigangatho ephezulu echaphazela iprojekthi apho iindlela ziphucula khona, ezihlala zinjalo, kwaye zithoba isantya esibheke phambili. Abenzi bezixhobo basebenzisa izalathisi zemeko zomgxuma (PCI), umthamo weenqwelo-moya, umthamo wokhuseleko (ubuninzi bobuncinci nobukhali), kunye neenkqubo zokuphatha iimpahla ukuzobala icandelo ngalinye lothungelwano lwendlela. Noko ke, ugcino-data lobugcisa lulonke lulo lwamagqabaza okuditya okuhamba enqanawa kunye noxinzelelo lukawonke wonke lusoloko luphakamisa ingeniso.

Kukho oothunywashe abangakumbi abalawula izigqibo eziphambili:

  • [[NTL: 0] umthamo weTraffic kunye nohlelo olusebenzayo: Izixhobo ezinkulu ezithwala imoto ezingamashumi amahlanu ngosuku phantse zisoloko zifumana indawo yokuqala kunomqokeleli wasemaphandleni onezithuthi ezingama-500 ngemini. Oku kwenza uluvo lwezoqoqosho kodwa kusenokushiya uluntu lwasemaphandleni luphantsi kogcino.
  • Iindlela ezikhuselekileyo ezikwindawo ezishushu: ezinesantya esiphezulu songqubano, ingakumbi esibulalayo okanye esinzulu sokhuseleko, zisoloko zibaleka ukuze ziphuculwe njengomqondiso, imida yesixhobo sokugcina ulwazi, okanye ububanzi begxalaba. Imali ye-heaghway Security Reconfice Program (HSIP) idityaniswe ngqo kule migaqo.
  • Inkqubela-phambili yezoqoqosho enokwenzeka: Amazwe asoloko edibanisa utyalo-mali lweendlela ngeepaki zoshishino, izikhundla zezixhobo, okanye iipaseji ezinkulu zorhwebo ukutsala ishishini. Oku kungabuyisela inkxaso-mali kude kwindawo ezihlala kuyo.
  • Igalelo lePublic kunye noxinzelelo lwezopolitiko: iintlanganiso zeholo yedolo, izikhalazo eziququzelelayo, kunye nokubhenela kwamaqela eshishini kunganyusa indlela kuluhlu oluphambili nokuba imeko yayo yobugcisa ilinganiselwe.
  • Uqwalaselo oluthe tye: oluqhubekayo, urhulumente noorhulumente basekuhlaleni basebenzisa ubulungisa bokusingqongileyo kunye nokuzoba imaphu elinganayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba uluntu olugciniweyo ngokwembali lufumana isabelo salo esifanelekileyo sotyalo-mali.

Inkqubo yokuzinza kulapho izigqibo zikarhulumente ezingekho ngqiqweni ziba ngqiqweni khona. I-DOT yelizwe ekhetha ukwabela ama-70 ekhulwini oqingqo-mali lwayo olutsha kumazwe ahlukeneyo yenza isigqibo esicacileyo ngemeko yeendlela zesibini. Akukho mpendulo ilungileyo, kodwa ukubonakala kwezi zigqibo kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenzela uluntu ukuba luthembeke.

IPhondo leNgxowa-mali: IMijelo yeNgeniso yoLomeleleyo, iLizwe, kunye

Ukuqonda iimeko zendlela kufuna ukuqonda indlela ezihlawulwa ngayo iindlela, kuba ubuchule bokuxhasa inkxaso-mali budala izikhuthazo ezinamandla nezithintelayo. Urhulumente worhulumente uvelisa imali yokuthutha evela kwiHighway Trust Fund (HTF), eyondliwa ngokuyintloko yirhafu yegesi karhulumente ye-18,4-pesenti (24,4 yemali yedizili yedizili). Elo qondo alizange landiswe ukususela ngowe1993, ithetha ukuba amandla ayo okwenyani okuthenga anciphile nge-40 ekhulwini ngenxa yokwenyuka kwamaxabiso. Kwiminyaka embalwa, iBhunga kufuneka lidibanise irhafuthe i-HTF ngentsko yothulelo jikelele ukuze liphephe ukunyiselwa kokunyibilika.

Ama-odoki aqala ukuqhuba iinkqubo zokuhlawula iimoto, apho abaqhubi bahamba khona ngemayile enye kunelitha, kodwa ezi nkqubo zihlala zincinane ngokwesilinganiso. Kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni, izixeko kunye noludwe lwamazwe axhomekeke kwirhafu yerhafu, imiqathango yomanyano evunywa ngabavoti, okanye iziphumo zenkqubela-phambili yendlela.

Ukwahlulwa kwemithombo yemali kuthetha ukuba iprojekthi enye yendlela ingafumana kwiibhoti ezintlanu ezahlukeneyo zemali, nganye inemithetho yayo, iimfuno ezifanelekileyo, kunye nezibophelelo zokunika ingxelo. Oku kuntsonkothileyo kwandisa iindleko zolawulo kunye nolibaziseko lokunikezelwa kweprojekthi. Ngokwe iBhureau yeeNgcazelo zezethutho [, ixesha eliqhelekileyo ukusuka kwiprojekthi ukuya kukwenziwa kweprojekthi epheleleyo yokwakhiwa kweprojekthi exhaswa ngurhulumente yiminyaka eyi-8 ukuya kweyi-12. Ngexesha lethuba lommiselo, i-̱ iimeko zingawohloka ngokuphawulekayo, maxa kufunwa umgangatho weprojectstiki ukuze wandiswe ngexabiso eliphezulu.

Enye intsingiselo ekhulayo enokuyiguqula le ndawo kukutshintsha kutshintsho kumsebenzi wobudlelane obusetyenziswa nguwonke-wonke kunye nobucala (ooo-P3). Xa urhulumente engekho kwikomkhulu elingaphambili, ingavumela indlela ukuya kwilungu labucala elakhiweyo ukuze litshintshise imali ngengeniso engaphezulu kwama-30 ukuya kuma-50 eminyaka. La malungiselelo angaqhubela phambili ukunikezelwa kweprojekthi, kodwa akwazisa intshukumisa yengeniso kunye neengxaki zexesha elide ezinokuchaphazela ubunjani bogcino kunye nexabiso lomsebenzi.

Uphando lwetyala kwisigqibo sikarhulumente

Imizekelo ecacileyo ibonisa indlela izigqibo zikarhulumente ezivelisa ngayo iziphumo zokwenene kumqhubi. Olu hlolisiso lubalaselisa impumelelo nokusilela okunika abenzi benkqubo kunye nabemi izifundo ezifanayo.

I-35W kwiMinneapolis: Ukusuka kwisimo esinzima ukuya ekuvuselelweni

Xa ibhulorho yoMlambo i-I 35W Mississippi yawayo ngowama-2007, ibulala abantu abali-13, intlekele ebhenqileyo yokungalungi kwemithetho elandelwayo kunye nenkcazo. Ekuphenduleni, iMinnesota Legislature yayila umsinga wemali enikezelweyo yokuhlola nokubuyisela ibhulorho, kwaye i-DOT yasungula inkqubo esekelwe kumngcipheko wolawulo eyaba yimodeli yesizwe. Isigqibo sokubeka ulwando lwempilo kulwandiso lweprojekthi kulwando lwebrorho eqhubekayo kwiimeko ezingaphaya kombuso. Ngonyaka wama-2023, u-Minnesoneta ebekwe kwimiqatha phakathi kwamazwe aphezulu elishumi ukwenzela imeko yebrorhorholo, ngemilo ezingaphantsi kwamaphesenti amabini ekwimilorholo elingana ne-eyinyani elingana ne-ava-6.5% yesizwe.

I-Colorado ’ Inkqubo yeFASTER: Ukuxhasa NgeeFees

Ngo-2009, i-Colorado General Community yawudlulisa umthetho weNkxaso yeNkxaso yeNkxaso yeNkxaso yezethutho nezezoqoqosho (FASTER). Umthetho wanyusa iindleko zokubhalisa iinqwelo-mafutha kwaye wanikezela ngemali epheleleyo ekulondolozeni kunye nokukhusela iiprojekthi. Okuyinyani kukuba, umthetho wawufuna ukuba ama-60 ekhulwini emali asetyenziswe kwiindlela ezisele zisekwe kwinkqubo yolawulo, ithintela ulwanolwano lolwandoqo lolwano. Kwiminyaka elishumi, ipesenti yendlela ephantsi kwemeko enzima yeColoradoodo ehla ukusuka kuma-23 ekhulwini ukuya kwi-15 ekhulwini. Isigqibo sokubopha iindle zokusebenzisa iindle ezinokuthembeka kwimijelo yogcino-mali yohla-mali yohla-mali ephumayo kwiimfazwe zonyaka.

IMichigan’ Ugcino oludityanisiweyo

Michigan inikela ubulumko. Kangangeminyaka, indlu yowiso-mthetho yesizwe yala ukunyusa iirhafu zepetroli okanye ukufumana enye ingeniso, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni umqhubi oqhelekileyo angabi namali eninzi elungiswe kweendlela. Ukususela ngo-2010 ukuya ku-2019, uvotein wawala amanyathelo amaninzi okuthengisa irhafu okanye igesi esetyenziswa kwiindlela. Ngenxa yoko, ipesenti yendlela karhulumente ekwimeko enzima yangaphezulu kwama-35 ekhulwini ngo-2021, exabisa imali ephakathi kumqhubi ngaphezu komonakalo wemoto kunye nokusetyenziswa kwepetroli eyongeziweyo. Ngo-20222, iGunya elinguGrenti Whiff bhini lezigidi zemiqatha lemiqatha lemiqatha yerhafu exhaswa yimiqatha yemali esetyenziswayo, ngokwenxalenye yemiqatha yemali yeshishini yenkampani yezemali.

Ukuguquka Kogcino - lwazi Kulawulo Lwendlela

Izigqibo zikarhulumente zixelelwa ngolwazi, nomgangatho wogcino-lwazi oluchaphazela ngqo iziphumo zemeko yendlela. I-DOTs ezininzi zeli lizwe ngoku zisebenzisa iinkqubo zolawulo oluntsonkothileyo zomkhenketho (PMS) ezisebenzisa i-laser profiles, irada engena emhlabeni, kunye nohlolo oluzihambelayo lokuhlola ukuqwalasela yonke imijelo ehambayo kumjikelo ophindaphindwayo. Ezi nkqubo zivelisa imeko ebonakalisa ubuhandiba, ukukrala, ukuklisha, nokuthembeka, zivumela oononjineli ukuba banike imali esekelwe kwimilinganiselo yenjongo kunokuba banike izikhalazo ze-acdotal.

Utshintsho kukwenziwa kwesigqibo sogcino-lwazi kukhawulezwe zimfuno zorhulumente. Ukuqhubekeka phambili kwenkqubela phambili kuMthetho weNkqutyana ye-21) kunye nomthetho wobuphezulu wezithuthi ogunyaziswe ukuba aphuhlise izicwangciso zolawulo ezisekelwe kumngcipheko. Phantsi kwe-23.S.C. 76, amaziko kufuneka amisele amaxhoba okusebenza kwimeko yomgca kwinkqubo yeSizwe ephakamileyo solawulo kwaye anike ingxelo yenkqubela-phambili kwiFHWA. Oku kubangele ukuphendula apho kwakungekho nanye ekhoyo ngaphambili.

Kodwa ulwazi lulungile kuphela xa kuxhaswa izigqibo. Ukhuhleko oluqhelekileyo luthi nge-PMS ephelelwe lixesha okanye imijikelo yophando olungaqhelekanga yenza izigqibo ezisekelwe kulwazi oludala, maxa wambi isalathisela imali kwiindlela ezisele zibolile ngaphaya kwenqanaba lokulondolozwa kwexabiso. Ngokuchasene noko, luchaza ukuba ukuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi oluphezulu lungaqhelisela ukulondolozwa kwemiqobo elungeleleneyo, ukwandisa ubomi basemgxunyeni ngo-40 ukuya ku 60 ekhulwini kwixabiso lokwakhiwa kwakhona.

Ubugcisa obudityanisiweyo obufana nobungeyoyoyo ebodwa kunye nokubona kwekhompyutha buqalisa ukongezwa kweendlela zesithethe. Ngoku amajelo amaninzi asebenzisa ugcino-lwazi olusekelwe kwi-cella esekelwe kwiinkqubo ezifana ne-Waze ne-Google Mephu ukuchonga imingxuma yebhotile kunye nemiphezulu erhabaxa ngexesha elifutshane. Ngelixa le mithombo ingenabuchule bophando lobunjineli, anika indlela ephantsi ukongeza ugcino-lwazi lwasemthethweni kwaye asabela ngokukhawuleza kwimibandela evelayo.

Imbono Ethelekisayo: Indlela Ezinye Iintlanga Ezilawula Ngayo Ubunjani Beendlela

Ukukhangela ngaphaya kwemida yase-U.S. kutyhila ukuba izigqibo zikarhulumente malunga nemilinganiselo yolawulo lwendlela zingavelisa iziphumo ezahlukeneyo. Amazwe ahlule ulawulo lwezibonelelo kwimijikelo yezopolitiko asoloko efumana iimeko ezingaguquguqukiyo. Umzekelo, iNew Zealand yaseka i-New Zealand Transport Agency (NZTA) njengendawo enesigqubu esigunyazisa ulawulo lomgaqo-ndlela. Inkcazo yemali ifumaneka kwimali yezothutho lwelizwe elinikezelweyo edityaniswe yirhafu yerhafu kunye nerhafu yomsekozomfazelo wemali esetyenziswa minyaka emininzi enciphisa iziphumo zombatho wonyaka. Ngenxa yoko, iNew Zealand iyajikeleza kwimiqatha ye-10 yomgangatho womgangatho womgaqo wendlela, ngokutsho kweWorld Economic &8817; ngokwengxelo ye-Global World

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-Itali’ izibonelelo zendlela zinokuqhekeka kulawulo oluqhekekileyo nolungapheliyo ngaphantsi kwesiseko. Ngeli xesha uthungelwano lwemibhobho oluzihambelayo lugcinwa kakuhle, isesibini nesobulali silawulwa ngoorhulumente bengingqi isoloko ingenamali engaguquguqukiyo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwizinto eziphawulekayo ezikwimeko. Umqhubi angawela umda wengingqi kwaye ngokukhawuleza aphawule umahluko kumgangatho wesikwere, iziphumo ezithe ngqo ekwenzeni izigqibo ezifanelekileyo ngaphandle kokwakhenketha okufanelekileyo.

I-Singapore inika imodeli yesithathu, isebenzisa i-primpasi yendlela ye-elektroniki kunye neenkqubo zothutho lwezithuthi ukulawula imfuno, ezinciphisa nokukrala ngeli lixa inika ingeniso yogcino. Urhulumente i-̱ iLand Transport Authority ipapasha iingxelo zemeko ecacileyo kwaye igcina ixhoba lokugcina ama-90 ekhulwini endlela ekwimeko entle okanye engcono. Oku kujoliswe kuko, kudityaniswe nemali eqinileyo, kugcine i-Singapore ̱ iindlela phakathi kwezona zilungileyo ehlabathini nangona zininzi iimoto.

Le mizekelo yamazwe ngamazwe icebisa ukuba iinguqu ezingundoqo azingobutyebi, kodwa zizinzo olulawulayo, imijelo yengeniso enikezelweyo, kunye nogcino-lwazi olubonisa ngaphaya kwemiqathango efanayo, njengemali yogcino olunikezelweyo kunye nocwangciso lweminyaka emininzi, zidla ngokusetyenziswa ngaphezu kwaleyo ixhomekeke kwimibutho yemali yonyaka jikelele.

Iingxaki Ezinokucetywa Kwanezona Zimlungeleyo

Kwanaxa kukho ulawulo lwezandiso kunye nenkxaso-mali eyaneleyo, izigqibo zikarhulumente zijongene nocelomngeni olunokulalanisa kwiimeko zendlela. Imozulu kunye nemozulu zinguthunywa abaphambili. Imijikelezo yemiqadi eshinyeneyo, ubushushu obugqithisileyo, kunye neziganeko zemvula ezinzima zibangela ukuwohloka kwesakhiwo senqanawa ngokukhawuleza kunokuba kwakuxelwe kwangaphambili. Indlela eyenzelwe ubomi benkonzo yeminyaka engama-20 ngoku ifuna ukulungiswa okuphawulekayo emva kweminyaka eli-12 ukuya kwe-15 kwimimandla ekwimozulu eguquka ngokukhawuleza.

Ukunqongophala komsebenzi kukwangumqobo onzulu. IiDOTs zixela ubunzima bokuqeshwa nokugcinwa koonjineli belizwe, abalawuli bemisebenzi, kunye nabantu borhwebo abanamava. INhlangano yeMelika yeSizwe nezothutho (ASHTO) iqikelela ukuba ama-45 ekhulwini abasebenzi bezithuthi ayakukufanelekela ukuthatha umhlala phantsi kweshumi leminyaka elizayo. Xa abameli bengenayo imisebenzi, inkqubela exhaswayo iyalibaziseka, kwaye ucwangciso lokuzigcina luya kuhlehla.

Ukungazinzi kwezobupolitika nakuluphi na umgangatho karhulumente kubangela ukungaqiniseki okunciphisa ucwangciso lwexesha elide. Irhuluneli entsha okanye usodolophu angabuyisela imali kwiiprojekthi zokutyikitya, ukulungiswa kocwangciso lwesiqhelo. Indlu yowiso-mthetho yesizwe etshintsha indlela yoncedo lwezothutho kurhulumente wasekuhlaleni ingashiya ubalo lungalungelelaniswa ukuze kulungiswe iinkqubo zayo zekomkhulu. Ezi zinto zobupolitika zibangela ukungqubana okubonakala ekugqibeleni kwimeko yomgca wesitejiko.

Ukuphaphela kwabantu, okanye ukunqongophala kwayo, kubangela le mingeni. Abaqhubi abaninzi abanxibelelani neendlela ezimandundu nezigqibo zenkqubo ezenziwa kwiminyaka engaphambili. Ukurhwebelana kwemali kudla ngokuxinana emva kokuba iimeko zibonakale zingento yanto, nto leyo ethetha ukuba indleko yokubuyiselwa sele iphindaphindekile. Oorhulumente abafaka imali kwimfundo kawonke-wonke malunga nolawulo lwempahla neemfuno zemali bakwindawo engcono yokwakha inkxaso kwiinkqubo zokulondolozwa.

Abami Balapho: Indlela Yokuqhuba Umgaqo - siseko Wempembelelo

Ukuqonda apho kwenziwa izigqibo nendlela yokuziphumeza ngokunempumelelo kunokuyiphucula indlela yasekuhlaleni neyasekuhlaleni.

Ukufumana iingxelo zolungiso lwekomkhulu (CIPS). Izixeko ezininzi kunye namabali apapasha iminyaka emihlanu yeCIP edwelisa yonke iprojekthi yendlela ecwangcisiweyo, uqingqo-mali, kunye nomgca wexesha layo. La maxwebhu ziingxelo zikawonke-wonke kwaye adla ngokuxoxwa kwibhunga lebhunga lesixeko okanye iintlanganiso zengingqi. Abahlali abahlola iCIP kwaye bathethe ngexesha lamagqabaza kawonke bangaxhasa iindlela ezithile ezingekhoyo okanye ezishicilelweyo kwisakhiwo esitsha.

Icala elikwinkqubo yocwangciso lwezothutho. Zonke imo ye-DOT iveza ulungiso lwezothutho lwezwe lonke (STIP) oludwelisa zonke iiprojekthi ezixhaswa ngurhulumente. Ixesha lokugqabaza kukawonke-wonke lokuhlaziya i-STIP lithuba elisesikweni lokuphembelela ukuba iprojekthi nganye ibonakale incinane, ilungelelaniswe ingaguqula izinto eziza kuqala.

Inkxaso-mali enikezelweyo. Xa kuvela amanyathelo okufaka irhafu anokunyuka iirhafu zerhafu, irhafu yentengiso yezithuthi, okanye iindleko zokubhalisa imoto zogcino lweendlela, ezi zisigqibo esinesiphumo. Abahlali abakuqondayo unxulumano phakathi kwemali kunye nemeko yendlela bangaba ngabaxhasi abanempumelelo kwimali exhasweyo.

Sebenzisa izixhobo zokuxela ngamanani ngokuphumelelayo. Amaphondo amaninzi kunye nezixeko zinee-intanethi okanye ii-apps ze-mfonomfono-mfono-mfono- mfono zokuxela imingxuma kunye neengozi zomendo. Ngoxa ingxelo nganye iyindawo yogcino-lwazi, isandi esizingisileyo sabasebenzisi abaninzi kwindlela enye yenza umlinganiselo onokuthi amasebe awusebenzise ukuhambisa loo ndlela kuluhlu oluphambili.

Ubuchule kunye nemibutho yonyanzeliso. Amaqela afana noManyano lwamaZiko eMelika, uSocial Society of Monitors (ASCE), kunye nomanyano lwezothutho oludibeneyo lwengingqi zikarhulumente lunika uphando, uphando, uphando olufutshane, kunye nobuchule bokukhuthaza uluntu ngalunye olungenayo. Ukudibanisa le migudu kwenza ilizwi ngalinye libe nempembelelo edityanisiweyo.

Indlela Engaphambili: Imikhwa Etshintsha Iimeko Zexesha Elizayo

Iziphumo ezininzi ziya kuqikelela ukuba iimeko zendlela ziyaphucuka okanye ziyawohloka kumashumi amabini eminyaka azayo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukutshintshela kwizithuthi zombane (EV). Ii-EV zinzima kunezithuthi zangaphakathi ngo-20 ukuya ku-30 ekhulwini ngokomlinganiselo, nto leyo eyandisa ukunxiba komgca othe tyaba. Abaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseWashington baye baqikelela ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-EV kungenza ukonakalisa komgqaliselo wenqanawe nge-15 ukuya kuma-20 ekhulwini ngaphandle kokuba imiyili yendlela nezinto zitshintshiwe. Izigqibo ezimalunga nemilinganiselo yokunyamezela ubunzima, imilinganiselo yobubanzi, kunye neziphumo ze-EV-IV-97 zomgce ziza kuveza iziphumo ezithe ngqo zexesha elizayo.

Izithuthi ezizimeleyo nezidityaniswe zithembisa ukuchaphazela ulawulo lwendlela ngezinye iindlela. Ukuba iinqanawa ezihamba ngeenqwelo-mafutha ezihamba ngenqwelo-mafutha zikhokelela kusetyenziso olufanayo lwendlela kunye nokuncitshiswa kwendlela, ukunxiba komgca wendlela kungasasaza ngokulinganayo, ukwandisa ubomi. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuba iilori ezizimeleyo zisebenza kwiiplatoon ezipakishwe ngokuqinileyo, ukuthwalwa okugqithisileyo kungakhawulezisa. Oorhulumente kufuneka bagqibe ukuba bafake ingeniso emgceni wendlela ukuxhasa obu buchwepheshe, ukuphambukisa imali ukusuka kwizixhobo eziqhelekileyo zokuzigcina.

Izinto ezisetyenziswayo zinika ithemba lolwandiso loqingqo-mali olusikelwe umda. Imixube ephezulu ye-asphalt edibanisa irabha esuka kumavili aphinda-phindayo, kwiplastiki, okanye kwizinto ezifakelwe kwimichiza ye-oksi eninzi iyavavanywa kumaphondo amaninzi. Ubugcisa bobushushu obushushu be-mix asphalt buvumela ukuba kubekwe indawo ehambayo kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa komphunga nokunweba ixesha lolwa. Umlinganiselo wokufumana la zixhobo ezi zinto uxhomekeke kulwandiso nokuzimisela ulwandiso oluphezulu kakhulu kumaxabiso omgangatho ongaphantsi wexesha elide.

Inkqubo yomanyano iza kuhlala inamandla okukhuphisana. I-IIJA inika ii-R210 zezigidi zezigidi zemali ukwenzela iindlela neebhulorho kwiminyaka emihlanu, eyona mali iphambili kushishino lwamazwe alishumi. Noko ke, loo mali yeyokwexeshana. Ukuphinda kubhalwe kwemali yezothutho, elindeleke ngo-2026, iza kuba yindawo enzima yonyuso. Ukuba iBhunga likhetha ukugcina okanye ukwandisa imigangatho yemali kunye nokulinganisa ukusebenza, iimeko zexesha elide zomgaqo wendlela ziya kuphuculwa. Ukuba inkxaso yemali iya kusikeka okanye iya kuvunyelwa ukuba i-parnate, i-pargrog iya kukhula.

Ekugqibeleni, ukugxininiswa okukhulayo [[FLT: 0] kuya kutshintsha indlela oorhulumente abaya ngayo kwindlela yokuyila nokuyigcina. Iindlela ezisoloko zonakaliswa lukhukula okanye imililo yelanga zingafuduswa, zinyuswe, okanye zikhutshwe kunokuba zilungiswe ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Le ndlela yenkxaso-mali ikhokelele kwingozi encinci, kodwa engcono kwaye ithenjiswe, uthungelwano.

Isiphelo

Iimeko zomendo aziyonto yemvelo. Ziziphumo ezidityanisiweyo zezigqibo zikarhulumente eziphathelele ukuxhaswa kwemali, ukucwangciswa, nokubulawa okwenziwa kurhulumente, kurhulumente, nakumgangatho wasekuhlaleni kwiminyaka emininzi namashumi eminyaka. Ngako konke ukugudisa kwendlela ehambayo kunye nomgaqo-ndlela obekiweyo uquka ukhetho olunokulandelelwa ngoqingqo-mali, umthetho, kunye nezicwangciso ezinkulu. Kubahlali, ukuqonda olu qhagamshelwano lokufumana imali kunguwo wonke umntu, yinyathelo lokuqala lokuphumelela ekusebenziseni impumelelo i-dvocaracy. Abaquququzeli bemi baqonda ukuba ukulondolo akusebenzi ngendlela ecacileyo kodwa imbopheleleko eneziphumo ezinxulumeneyo zokulawula. Imeko yendlela esiqhutywa ngayo ngomsomsomso, igqibo, kwintlanganiso yemibutho, kwimibutho yemibutho, kunye nezicwangciso-maziko. Xa kunikwa i-DS.[F1]