Inkqubela Eqhubekayo Ekufundiseni

Kulo lonke ilizwe, izikolo zasekuhlaleni zijika ngokuya zicinga yaye zicamngca njengeendlela ezisekelwe kubungqina zokuxhasa ukufaneleka kakuhle komfundi nokuphumelela kwemfundo. Zithe zaqwalaselwa njengezenzo ezingaphaya, ezi ndlela zobugcisa ngoku zidityaniselwa kwimikhwa yesikolo yemihla ngemihla, ukususela kumagumbi okufundela ukuya kutsho kwixesha lokufundisa amabanga aphakamileyo. Ukutshintsha kubonisa ukuqondwa okunzulu kokuba impilo yengqondo isekelwe ekufundeni — kwaye ukufundisa abafundi indlela yokulawula ingqalelo neemvakalelo zabo kubaluleke njengokufundisa izibalo okanye ukufunda.

Ubuchule bokunikela ingqalelo kwixesha langoku ngokulula nokufuna ukwazi, buyenziwa bulungelelaniswe ngeendlela zobudala obufanelekileyo. Ukuhlala ngokuzolileyo imizuzu embalwa yokungaphefumli, ukuququzelela ukuvavanya umzimba, okanye ukuqhelisela umatshini wokushicilela umbulelo yimizekelo embalwa. Izikolo zixela ukuba ezi nkqubo zinceda ukunciphisa isimilo esiphazamisayo, ukuphucula ukuqwalasela, nokwakha isithethe sesikolo esinovelwano.

[[FLT:] uphando luyaqhubeka lukhula. A 2019 Meta-analysis epapashwe kwi i-Educationology Review[ lufumanise ukuba iinkqubo zemfundo ezisekelwe kwisikolo zazineziphumo ezincinci kodwa ezibalulekileyo ezisebenzayo kumsebenzi wengqondo, ulawulo lwemvakalelo, kunye noxinzelelo. Imanyano yePHAMBILI yePHPHP ibalase indlela ukungenelela okunokuhlisa ngayo imiphakamo yengqondo nokuphucula inkumbulo esebenzayo kubafundi. Ezi zinto zibangela ukuba abalawuli nootitshala bafunde ukuba basebenze njani kwaye bahlole indlela ingqondo yabo isebenza ngayo.

Isizathu Sokuba Izikolo Zixhamle Zize Zicamngce

Izizathu zokuba umntwana akhuliswe zininzi. Abafundisi bazibonela ngawabo amanani anyukayo onxunguphalo, udandatheko, nokuziphatha okunzima kubafundi. Iingcinezelo zokuvavanya okuqhelekileyo, imithombo yezonxibelelwano nesantya sobomi ezithe kratya zishiye ulutsha luziva lusongelwe. Ulwazelelelo nokucamngca kunika abafundi indlela ephantsi, efikelelekayo yokuxhobisa abafundi ngezixhobo abanokuzisebenzisa esikolweni nangaphandle kweklasi.

Inzuzo yeSibonelelo neyoMqathango

Enye yezona zizathu zinyanzelisayo zokucinga ezikolweni yimpembelelo yazo ebuchotsheni. Uphando olusebenzisa iziphazamiso zemithambo-luvo lubonise ukuba ukucamngca rhoqo kunokuqinisa i-prerter cortex — indawo ejongene nemisebenzi ephambili njengengqalelo, ukulawula intshukumo, kunye nokwenza izigqibo. Kwiklasi, oku kuguqulela kubafundi abakwaziyo ukubambelela kakuhle kwimfundo, bangazikhathaleli iziphazamiso, kwaye balawule iminqweno yabo. Abafundi banikela ingxelo yokuba emva kokuzilolonga kwengqondo, abafundi bazimisele ngakumbi kwaye bakulungele ukufunda.

Ulungelelwaniso lokufunda olusuka kuMnatha

Ubuchule bokwazi ukufikelela kwisiseko esibanzi solwazi lwentlalo-ntle (SEL). Amaphondo amaninzi kunye nesithili ngoku zifuna i-SELE ikhuphiswano enjenge-SAL enjengokwazi ukuzilawula, ukuzilawula, ubuchule bonxulumano, ubuchule bonxulumano, ubuchule bokubeka iimbopheleleko. Ingqondo ixhasa obu buchule ngokungqalileyo ngokunceda abafundi baqonde iimvakalelo zabo, bazizolise xa becaphukile, kwaye bahlakulele ulwazelelelo kwabanye. Iinkqubo ezifana Izifundo ezizilungelelanisayo iimfundiso zabo kunye neCASEL (Ubuchule bokufundisa iimvakalelo, intlalo-ntle, iSocial, Social, neSomforeal Synstives), yenza unxulumano olukhoyo lwemigangatho e-Selselse.

Ukuncitshiswa Kwengqondo Nenkxaso Engokwempilo Yengqondo

Uxinezeleko phakathi kwabantwana abakwisikolo lukwiqondo elimandundu. IAmerican Academy of Pediatrics ivakalise ungxamiseko lwesizwe kwimpilo yengqondo yomntwana nakwimpilo yomntwana ofikisayo. Ingqondo inikela isithintelo. Uphando oluvela kwiYunivesithi yaseKhalifoniya, i-Greaterle Good Science Center lubonisa ukuba kwanongenelo olufutshane lwengqondo lunganciphisa iimpawu zokuxhalaba nodandatheko kulutsha olukwishumi elivisayo. Izikolo ezinceda abantu abasebenza kwiindawo ezikwimiba nezenzo zodandatheko ezinzulu ezisengqondweni — ezigxininisa ukhuseleko nokhetho — zinokubanceda abafundi bazive bezolile yaye bekhuselekile ngakumbi.

Iindlela Zokunxibelelana Ezikolweni

Izikolo zizama ukucinga nzulu nokucamngca ngosuku lwesikolo, ngoko abafundisi - ntsapho basebenzisa iindlela ezisetyenziswayo ukuze balungelelanise ucwangciso, ubuncwane kunye nabafundi.

Isithethe Sokusa

Izikolo ezininzi ziqala usuku ngentlanganiso emfutshane. Oku kusenokuba lula njengokuphefumla okuneminenga enye phezu kwe-intercom, okanye uqeqesho lwemineyimitha elishumi lokucamngca kwigumbi lokulala. Abafundisi badla ngokusebenzisa ii-apps ezifana nokuzola okanye i-headspace, okanye iirekhodi zesandi ezikhululekileyo ezivela kwimibutho enjenge Inner Kids. Injongo kukunceda abafundi baguquke ukusuka kwindlela edla ngokuxokozelayo yentswana yentswana yentsasa, igxininiswe kwimo ebangela ukuba bafunde.

Iindlela Zokuyila Ezidityanisiweyo

Kunokuphatha ingqondo njengesihloko esahlukileyo, abafundisi- ntsapho abaninzi bayifaka kwizifundo zabo ezikhoyo. Ngexesha lembali yamalungelo abantu, umzekelo, umfundisi- ntsapho angakhokela ingxubusho emfutshane ngokujongana neliso, elandelwa kukuqwalasela. Kwiklasi yenzululwazi, abafundi basenokuqhelisela ukujonga isityalo okanye ilitye, ukulola ukuva kwabo izimvo. Oku kudityanisiweyo kuqinisa ingcamango yokuba ubuchule bokuqonda asingomsebenzi nje kodwa kuyindlela yokusebenza kuyo yonke imimandla yobomi.

Ukuqhambuka Kwengqondo Usuku Lonke

Izikolo zikwabandakanya “ithuba elifutshane loxolo” okanye“iimbombo zoxolo” apho abafundi bengaphambuka ngokuzithandela ukuze baqhelise iindlela zokuzolisa. Ezi khefu ziluncedo ngakumbi phambi kovavanyo, emva kokuphumla, okanye xa uxinezeleko luphezulu. Ezinye iiklasi zinezinto ezikhethiweyo zezivamvo”, amakhadi okuphefumla, kunye nexesha lokucinga ngexesha elifutshane.

Iinkqubo zeNkcukacha kunye neNkangeleko yeNkcubeko

Ezi minikelo zokuzithandela zinika abafundi abanomdla ongakumbi wokuphanda ngengqondo xa bekwiqela elithile.

Uqeqesho Lokufundisa Nabafundisi Abanengqondo

Mhlawumbi eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuphumezeni uqeqesho lokufundisa. Izikolo ezifak ’ isandla kwinkqubela yezobugcisa kwingqondo azixhobi abafundisi-mfundo ngobuchule bokufundisa abafundi kuphela kodwa zikwanceda abafundisi- ntsapho balawule uxinezeleko lwabo. Iinkqubo ezifana ne izikolo ezinika umdla uqeqesho lomfundisi-lwazi [ kunye nodweliso lokuKhulisa ukuqiqa kunye nokuKhulisa kwimfundo (CAREE) inkqubo ibonise iziphumo eziluncedo kumfundisi-mfundo entle nakwimozulu yeklasi. Abafundisi abacinga ngokwabo basenokukwazi ukufuzisela kunye nemfesane, bedala iziphumo ezichukumilisekileyo kuso sonke isikolo.

Imizekelo Yeenkqubo Ezinempembelelo

Iinkqubo ezininzi ezicwangcisiweyo ziye zafumana ulwahlulo kwizikolo zasekuhlaleni, zinika iizifundo zesikolo ezilungiselweyo, uqeqesho, kunye nenkxaso. Ngeli nqaku lantlandlolo likhankanyiwe kathathu, nalu ujongo olunenkcukacha ezininzi kwezinye iindlela ezisetyenziswa kakhulu nezisekelwe kubungqina.

Izikolo Ezinengqondo

Iqalwe ngo- 2007, izikolo eziziintlola zenye yezona ziphambili ezinika imfundo yemfundo kwizikolo zeK-12. Inkqubo yazo iquka izifundo ze-intanethi kubafundisi-mfundo, uqeqesho lwe K-5, kunye namaziko eklasi. Ucwangciso lwenzelwe ukuba lube luyinkqenkqeza phambili kwaye luthathe inxaxheba ngokwesithethe. Izikolo ezisebenzisa izikolo ezizinkqenkqeza phambili ziye zanikela unciphiso kumgangatho ophantsi kunye nenkqubela phambili kwizifundo zabafundi.

Inkqubo Yegumbi Lokufundela Ezolileyo

Igumbi lokufundela elizolileyo, eliveliswe yinkqubo yokungaphicothi ngeniso ka-Somnay Child, eyinkqubo ebhaliweyo yenzelwe ubuntwana ukuya kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Iquka “imizuzu emithathu enzima” yokuba othisha banokufaka lula kwisikolo ngaphandle kokulungiselela okuthe rhoqo. Le nkqubo igxininisa ukuba lula nokungaguquguquki, kunye neendlela ezifana nokuphefumla, ukubonelela, kunye nokuhamba kakuhle. Iqaliswe kwizikolo ezingaphezulu kwekhulu kummandla weChicagos kwaye ibonise isithembiso ekunciphiseni uxinezeleko lwabafundisi kunye nokuphucula indlela yokuziphatha yabafundi.

Isikhangeli se-Ener

Isikhangeli sinikela inkqubo eyodwa esekelwe kwisandi ekhokela abafundi kwimithambo esetyenziswayo yokuqiqa ngaphandle kokuba kufuna abafundisi- ntsapho babe ziingcali zengqondo. Le nkqubo inika iintlanganiso zemihla ngemihla ezibhalwe kwangaphambili ezilungele iminyaka engaphambili — ukusuka kwiintlanganiso ezintlanu ukuya kwishumi lemine ephezulu. Uphando oluqhutywa yiYunivesithi yaseMazantsi California lwafumanisa ukuba izikolo ezisebenzisa i-Inner i-Endrapper zabona unciphiso lwe- 71% kwimingxeba kunye nokwehla kwama-58% kwiminxeba yezenzo eziphazamisayo. Ucwangciso lukwahambelana noqheliselo lokwenza utyando oludala.

Ukuhlala Ucinga Ngezikolo (MAMS)

Enye inkqubo ekhulayo yiYoga kunye neMindaal Services (KWAMS), edibanisa ukuma kweyoga kunye nokuphefumla kunye nokucamngca. I YAMS ilungiselela uqeqesho kubafundisi- ntsapho kunye nocwangciso loqeqesho lwezifundo lwezifundo lwe K-12. Uphando olupapashwe kwi Journal Health Services & Uphendlo lwe-[FLT lufumanise ukuba abafundi abathathi-nxaxheba kwi YAMS babonisa ukuncipha okuphawulekayo kwexhala nokuphucula imo yengqondo kunye nokuzijonga.

Iingenelo Zabafundi: Ngaphandle Kwegumbi Leklasi

Iingenelo zokucinga nokucamngca azipheleli nje ekufundeni, kodwa zibalulekile xa abantwana besiya becinga ngezinto eziza kubanceda baphucule, kodwa ke bona bancedwa kukukhula nobuchule babo bobomi.

Ukubuyiselwa komoya onyusiweyo

Abafundi abacingayo bafunda ukuzazi izinto ezibachukumisayo baze bazenze ngendlela abavakalelwa ngayo xa befikisa, xa iimvakalelo zengqondo zikhula ngokukhawuleza.

Uphuhliso oluphucukileyo

Uphando oluninzi lungqina ukuba ukuqeqesha ingqondo kuphucula ingqalelo ekhethekileyo neqhubekayo. Ityala elilawulwa ngokuphandle liqhutywa yiMassachusetts General Hospital lifumanise ukuba emva kweeveki ezisibhozo abafundi beqeqesha ingqondo, baphucula ingqondo yabo yaye bayayilawula.

Ukuncitshiswa Kuxinezeleko Nexhala

Ukusabela kokuphumla okubangelwa kukucamngca kunciphisa umlinganiselo we-cortisol kwaye kuvuselela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ebonakalisa uvelwano. Kubafundi abajongene noxinezeleko olungapheliyo — enoba luvela ekhaya, kwingcinezelo yemfundo, okanye kwiengxaki zentlalo — oku kusenokutshintsha ubomi babo. Ulutsha olucinga ngengqondo lunikela ingxelo yomgangatho ophantsi wokuqhatha nokuxhalaba. Ezinye izikolo ziye zaneengqondo ezidibanisela amaqela amancinane abafundi anezinkxalabo okanye anxunguphazelekile.

Uvelwano Olukhulu Nobuchule Bokuhlala Nabanye

Izenzo zothando eziquka ukucamngca ngenceba — ukubonakalisa intlonipho kuwe siqu nakwabanye — ziye zanxulunyaniswa nolwazelelelo olungakumbi nokuziphatha ngendlela entle. Kwisikolo, oku kunokunciphisa ukungcungcuthekiswa nokuphucula ulwalamano loontanga. Abafundisi banikela ingxelo yokuba emva kokusoloko becinga, abantwana badla ngokunceda abo bafunda nabo, babonakalise imfesane kwiingxaki zabanye, yaye bacombulule iingxabano ngoxolo.

Ulwenzo lwexesha elide

Mhlawumbi eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuhlakulela ukunyamezela.

Iingxaki Nemigaqo Yexesha Elizayo

Nakubeni kuthenjiswe, ukuzalisekisa ingqondo kwizikolo kunezithintelo. Izithili kufuneka zihambe ngoqingqo-mali olulinganiselweyo, izifundo ezixineneyo, kunye nemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yabasebenzi zithenga ngaphakathi. Noko ke, ukuceba kakuhle nokuzibophelela ekusebenziseni imigaqo esesikweni kungayoyisa imiqobo emininzi.

Ukungabi Naluqeqesho Nentembelo Kubafundisi

Abaninzi abafundisi- ntsapho bavakalisa ukunganeliseki kwimithambo ekhokela ingqondo, ingakumbi ukuba abanamkhwa wobuqu. Baxhalatyiswa kukwenza oku “kungalunganga” okanye bavakalelwa kukuba oko kongeza omnye umsebenzi kucwangciso olupakishiweyo. Izicombululo ziquka ukuveliswa komgangatho ophezulu, okuphantsi komgangatho we-intanethi (njengokuthi kunikelwe ngabafundisi-mfundo abancinci ] abaninzi [)) nokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezidityaniweyo ezifuna ukudityaniswa komfundisi-lwazi oluncinane. Izikolo ziyakwazi ukuqala ngeqela elincinane lomqhubi wesikolo ovumayo phambi kokuba andise.

Ixesha Elininzi ESikolweni

Zininzi iimfuno ezifunekayo zokufikelela imigangatho yemfundo, ukufumana kwanemizuzu emihlanu yokucinga kusenokuvakala kunzima. Noko ke, abaxhasi baphikisa ngelithi ixesha elichithwe engqondweni livelisa iingenelo kwixesha elithe kratya ngenxa yokuphazamiseka okuncinane. Ezinye izikolo ziye zathetha oku ngokudibanisa ingqondo zitshintshe — umzekelo, phakathi kwezifundo okanye ngaphambi kwesidlo sasemini. Uqeqesho lokuphefumla okunemichiza encinane ngexesha lotshintsho lungancedi nto kwaye lungawaguqula ngamandla eklasini.

Ukuziva Uneemvakalelo Zempucuko Nezonqulo

Bambi abazali namalungu asekuhlaleni baye bavakalisa inkxalabo yokuba ukucinga kungumkhwa wonqulo, ngokukodwa osungulwe kukucamngca kwamaBhuda. Izikolo zimele zibonise ngokucacileyo ukuba ukucinga kuyindlela yokungakhathalelwa kwengqondo, yenzululwazi yempilo yengqondo neyokufunda. Iinkqubo ezigxininisa ubungqina obusisiseko kwaye ziphephe amagama onqulo zinceda ekunciphiseni iingxalabo. Iintsapho ezihlala zilapho ngobusuku obunenkcazelo kunye nonxibelelwano olucacileyo zinokulwakha ukuthemba nokuxhasa.

Ukulondolozwa nokuxhotyiswa kwemali

Iinkqubo ezininzi ezibonisa iingqondo zixhomekeke kwiminikelo okanye kwiminikelo, esenokungalondolozi. Izikolo zingafuna ukudibana neSEL okanye isikolo sempilo esikhoyo ukuze zenze imijelo yemali esisigxina. Ukusebenzisana nemibutho yezonyango lwengqondo okanye iiyunivesithi zobulali kunganika uqeqesho nokuxilonga okuqhubekayo. Ezinye imimandla ziye zayila abaqeqeshi abasebenza kwizikolo ezininzi, zisasaza iindleko ngoxa zilondoloza ubunjani.

Ukunikela Isigidimi Kwiimfuno Zabafundi Ezineengxaki

Imbali yengozi ayifani nento yonke. Abafundi abakwimbali yengozi basenokufumana iziganeko ezithile ezibangela ukucinga, ingakumbi ezo zibandakanya ukuvala amehlo okanye ukujolisa umzimba. Abafundisi abaqeqeshayo banokunikela ukhetho — njengokucamngca okuvulekileyo okanye ukuxhobisa ngeengqiqo — kubalulekile. Ukutshintsha kwenkcubeko, njengokusebenzisa izigezo ezinxulumene nenkcubeko okanye ukuquka abadala basekuhlaleni, kungandisa ukuganana kwabafundi abaneemvelaphi ezahlukeneyo.

Khangela Kwikamva: Ikamva Lokuba Nengqondo Kwizikolo

Ingcamango icacile: ukuqiqa nokucamngca kuyahambela phambili kwimfundo. Njengoko uphando lusanda nanjengoko abafundisi besebenzisana ngemisebenzi emihle, ukudibanisa kuzakukhula. Ulwalathiso lwexesha elizayo luquka:

  • Inkxaso yomgangatho we- yenkxaso yomgangatho wepolitiki:[ Iimeko ezininzi ziyaqwalasela okanye zidlulise umthetho okhuthaza ukubethana kwentliziyo nezikolo. I- Ezemfundo ecacileyo yeKhalifoniya [ kunye neendleko ezifanayo zinganikezela ngemali yonikezelo kunye neemfuno zoqeqesho lomfundisi.
  • Udibaniso lwezenzululwazi: Izicelo ezinjenge Headspace for Schools nokusetyenziswa kwenyani ekucamngceni okukhokelwayo kwenza uluvo lufikeleleke ngakumbi kwaye lubandakanyeke kubafundi bobugcisa.
  • Imfundo esekelwe kwiBrain: Inkqubela phambili kwinzululwazi yemithambo-luvo inceda abafundisi ukuba baqonde indlela ingqondo echaphazele ngayo ingqondo ekhulayo, ikhokelela kungenelelo oluninzi olujoliswe kuncedo.
  • Abazali kunye noluntu olubandakanyekileyo: izikolo zinika abazali indawo yokusebenzela iingqondo zangokuhlwa, zidala ulwimi oluzinzileyo noqheliselo phakathi kwekhaya nesikolo.
  • uphunyezo oluthe ngqo: Ukuqonda ukuba abafundi kwizikolo eziphantsi kwemiqathango bajongene nowona mgangatho uphakamileyo woxinezeleko, kukho uxinzelelo olukhulayo ukuze baqinisekise ukuba bonke abafundi banako ukufikelela, hayi nje oko kukwimimandla etyebileyo.

Ukuzinzisa ingqondo nokucamngca ngenkqubo yesikolo yasekuhlaleni akuyonto iphambili — linyathelo elithembisayo, elinobungqina elikhokelela ekukhuliseni impilo entle, ekunikeleni ingqalelo ngakumbi kubafundi nasekufundiseni abantwana. Xa besenza ngenjongo, beqeqesha, benolwazi ngenkcubeko, ezi zinto zinokubanceda abantu abaselula baphumelele kwimfundo kodwa zikwavelisa nobuncwane obungaphakathi ababufunayo ukuze baqhubeke kwihlabathi elintsokothileyo.

Izikolo ziqala olu hambo, ziqala kancinci yisitshixo: inkqubo yomqhubi kwiklasi enye, uqeqesho abafundisi- ntsapho abambalwa, kwaye ulinganise iziphumo. Njengoko iziphumo zibonakala, amandla azakuba ngokwemvelo. Ngexesha xa abafundi befuna yonke inkxaso abanokuyifumana, ukuqiqa kunika isixhobo esilula kodwa esinamandla esibiza imali encinane kwaye sihlawulela inzuzo yobomi.