Isivumelwano esiLungileyo soLwesihlanu senziwe ngomhla we-10 kuTshazimpuzi 1998 kwaye sidla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-Belfast Agreement `Isivumelwano'' semfazwe yogonyamelo ``iphelea iminyaka engamashumi amathathu' emfazweni eNorthern Ireland'. Ngoxa abantu abaninzi beyazi ukuba luxolo olusungulweyo olulawula amandla alawulayo, uphuhliso olungabonakaliyo kodwa olubaluleke ngokulinganayo yindlela elula yokuphendula imibuzo yezenkcubeko. Le miba ibisoloko ikwiziindawo ezisezinzile zeengxaki, kunye nelungiselelo lesivumelwano elicetyiweyo ngocothayo, imiqondiso, amalungelo olwimi, kunye nokuhlonelwa kwamalungelo alinganayo kwadala isakhiwo esivumela ukuba zombi izithethe ziboneke ngokulandelena kwezobupolitika.

Iingxaki Nemvelaphi Yokungachani

Ukuze aqonde isizathu sokuba iGood Wearth Agreement ifanele ijongene ne-Irish nemvelaphi yayo, kufuneka kuqala ayiqonde indlela le mikhosi eyakhuthaza ngayo imfazwe. Ngonyaka we-1921 i-Ireland yadalwa yaneemeko zokwahlukana: uninzi lwamaProtestanti awathi achazwa njengeBritane kwaye afuna ukuhlala ekwiBritane, kunye neqela elincinane lamaKatolika elathi lazichaza njenge-Ireland kwaye lilangazelela ukudibana neIreland. Eli candelo lalingaphenjelelwangangopolitiki nje kuphela; lalingenayo yonke inxalenye yobomi, umsebenzi, imfundo, i-politika, laza imikhosi yaza emkhosini yayayaya kuhlala iqengqela kwiiholo zedolophu. Kangangamashumi eminyaka, i-Onke imikhosi yesizwe yazichaza irenti yoxolo lwalo lwawo naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi na ulwazi lwamazwe asekuhlaleni lwayo. Imikhosi yaza kwathiwa ngokutshona imbono lwawo, ukuba amaqela amaqela amaqela anyanisekeneyo amaqela alwayo, anyaniswe ngokuvusebuninzi,

Isivumelwano Esilungileyo SoLwesihlanu Njengesiseko Sokugqalwa Njengomntu Obalulekileyo

Isivumelwano seGood Wear Agreement ifunda ngentloko-ntloko. Ngokungafaniyo namalinge angaphambili oxolo, ayizange izame ukudibanisa okanye ukuphelisa ukungavisisani. Endaweni yoko, yamkela ukuba i-British ne-Ireland zazisemthethweni zombini kwaye ikamva le-Northern Ireland laliza kugqitywa ngemvume, hayi ngegunya. Le ndlela ilula idityaniswe kumalungiselelo aliqela angundoqo.

Umgaqo wokuzivumela nokuzichaza

Inqaku lokuqala lale sivumelwano lichaza ukuba abantu baseMntla Ireland banelungelo lokuzichaza njenge-Ireland, iBritane, okanye zombini. Oku kuvakala kulula, kodwa kwakuneenguqu. Okwesihlandlo sokuqala, uxwebhu olubophelelekileyo lwezizwe ngezizwe luqaphele ukuba ulawulo lwesizwe lulukhetho lobuqu lokuba urhulumente amele akhusele. Kwaye kwakhona kwaqinisekisa ukuba imeko yemithetho-siseko yase-Northern Ireland ingatshintsha kuphela ukuba uninzi lwabantu bayo luvote ukudibanisa neRiphabliki yase-Ireland . Lo mgaqo wokuvumela wanika isisongelo sobuzwe ukuba i-British inyani yabo ingabi yi-gcompli, ngoxa ii-democratic zifumana indlela yoxolo, yedemokhrasi yokuzingela iinjongo zabo.

Umlinganiselo

Isiseko sesivumelwano yingcamango “yokwahlukana koxabiso”"" ingcamango yokuba izithethe, iBritane kunye nesi-Irish, kufuneka ziphathwe ngentlonelo efanayo kubomi boluntu. Oku akunto ithenjiswayo; kuchaphazela indlela amaziko karhulumente asebenza ngayo, indlela enikwa ngayo imali kawonke-wonke, nendlela elawulwa ngayo. Intetho yesithethe ithetha ukuba akukho miqondiso yoluntu, imbali, okanye ulwimi olunikwe ilungelo elilinganayo. Inyanzelela urhulumente ukuba akhuthaze ukuqondwa ngokukhutheleyo phakathi kwe-IFM kunokuba nje ivunyelwe.

Amalungelo, Ukukhuselwa Nokufumana Amathuba Alinganayo

Esi sivumelwano siquka isivumelwano esibanzi samalungelo ahamba ngaphaya kokwahlulwa okusithoba nje okungekho sigebedubekweni. Sigunyazisa urhulumente we-UK ukuba “aphelele ekuququzeleni umthetho wase-Northern Ireland we-European Convention on Human Rights” nokuseka iKhomishoni yamaLungelo aseMntla Ireland. Sikwayila iKhomishoni yoLuntu ejonge ukuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo kwiindidi ezisithoba, kuquka iinkolelo zonqulo kunye noluvo lwezopolitiko. La maziko anika abantu imvume esemthethweni ukuba bahlaselwe. Ngaphezu koko, isivumelwano sifuna onke amagunya kawonke ukukhuthaza ukulingana kwamathuba eenkqubo yezehlolo-Romfa enziwe kwizakhiwo zikarhulumente.

Imigaqo - siseko Yezobupolitika Ebonakalisa Ukuba Ngumntu Onjani

I-Good Wear Agunt ayingombandela nje ozimeleyo; ikwangumbandela wokuba ngubani onegunya nendlela ezigqitywe ngayo izigqibo.

Indibano Yasemntla Ireland Nolawulo Oluphezulu

INdibano inyulwa ngomelo lolungelelwaniso, okuthetha ukuba omabini amaqela omanyano kunye namaqela esizwe afumana izihlalo ezilinganayo kwisabelo sabo sokuvota. Kodwa eyona nto iphambili yimfuneko yokuba uMphathi-mikhosi ophetheyo/urhulumente/_benze oyena mninzi kwiqela ngalinye (isizwe, umhlanganisi, kunye ne-"enye”. Le sakhiwo siqinisekisa ukuba umahluko wakhiwe kwimatshini karhulumente, hayi nje kuphela i-ongeza. UmPhathisi weQolo nomphathiswa Wokuqala yisikhundla esimanyeneyo, esinyulwa ngoninzi esiquka amaququququ noo noomatilo-zwe.

Ukusebenza kwenqanawa edibanisayo kunye noyilo

Ukukhusela uluntu olunye ekunqandeni uluntu oluthile ngomthetho ochasene neminqweno yomnye, iNdibano isebenzisa iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo zokuvota ngoko kubizwa ngokuba “zizigqibo ezingundoqo.” Ezi zifuna uninzi lwabaququzeleli bomanyano kunye nabathathi-mkhosi besizwe (imvume) okanye uninzi olunzima kuma-60% jikelele, kuquka ubuncinane i-40% yegama ngalinye. Oku kuthetha ukuba nasiphi na ingcebiso elichaphazela ilifa lenkcubeko `Irish Umthetho wolwimi olutsha okanye inkqubo yokubhabhabha iflegi ye-Unian jl-asss will ingx ingxhek amacala olwahlulwane, kodwa abaxhasi bathi oku kukhokelela ekubeni ingasebenzi, kodwa bathi iqinisekisa ukuba iimpikiswano ezicaphulo ezicaphukileyo ziyasingayo ziphethwe yisivumelwano.

Umntla-Mzantsi neMpuma

Isazisi solwimi lwasemntla Ireland asiphelelanga kwimiba emithandathu. Isivumelwano sadala iBhunga loBalungiseleli basemntla-ntshona ukuhlanganisela abalungiseleli abasuka eBelfast naseDublin ukuze basebenzisane kwimicimbi enjengezothutho, ezolimo, kunye ne-(___") ngokunobunono(("iiiphulo lobuzwe kunye neelwimi. Oku kwenza ukuba oorhulumente base-Ireland babe nonxulumano olucacileyo kwiRiphabliki kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwabo bonke ubuzwe base-Ireland. Imiltavia ngethuba elinye, iBritane-Iritane idis idibanisa oorhulumente be-UK, i-Ireland, abaphathi be-devolvedd babaphathi-e, kunye neBhunga, ukuqinisekisa unxulumano lwamanyeneyo neBritane neBritane.

Inkcitho nentetho yelifa lemveli

Ngaphandle kwezakhiwo zezobupolitika, iGood Wear Agreement ineembopheleleko ezikhethekileyo kwilifa lesithethe. La malungiselelo aye aba nempembelelo yokwenene, engenakuthelekiswa nanto kwindlela abantu abathetha ngayo nendlela elilondolozwa ngayo ilifa.

Amalungelo Olwimi: IsiIrish nesiKrolebhethi

Isivumelwano sithetha ngqo iilwimi ezimbini ezincinane eNorthern Ireland: i-Ireland (Gaeilge) kunye ne-Ulster Scots (Ulstèr-Scotch). Inxalenye yecandelo lamalungelo ithi “bonke abathathi-nxaxheba bayakuqonda ukubaluleka kokuhloniphana, ukuqonda nokunyamezelana kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo” kwaye“URhulumente waseBritane uza, ngokukhethekileyo, yenza isenzo esiqinileyo sokukhuthaza ulwimi.” Esi sithembiso sakhokelela ekudalweni kwe-Forstèr-Gaege, umnqamlezo ojongene ujongene nokukhuthaza i-Irish, kwaye i-Ulster Scots Agends ikhokelele ingeniso yomculo, i-Scrienter, kunye noodrist, i-Sclder, kunye noodw CD, i-SClver, i-SClver, i-SC.

Phezu kwayo nje le nkqubela, ulwimi lusadlalwa ngummandla. Abaxhasi bomgaqo-nxaxheba wolwimi lwase-Ireland ngokunika umthetho we-Irish i-ofisi esemthethweni, ngoku bekuyiminyaka emininzi, yaye ityala linegalelo kwizakhono zezobupolitika eSponsont. IAwadi entsha ngo-2020 ibhunga lokudlulisa umthetho onjalo, itestamente yendlela amalungelo olwimi asagqalwa ngayo njengesiseko sokuzichaza.

Imifuziselo

Akukho ngxelo yahlula abantu ngokucace ngakumbi kunokuboniswa kweeflegi kunye nokubanjwa komboniso. Isivumelwano asinikezi sisombululo esinye seempawu zobukho, kodwa simisela imigaqo eye yakhokela inkqubo elandelayo. Iyawabona “amalungelo oluntu omabini abonisa... iimpawu zenkcubeko yabo” kwaye ikhuthaza“ ukusetyenziswa kwemiqondiso kunye nolwimi kubomi basekuhlaleni." Oku kukhokelela kwisivumelwano sobulali sesivumelwano sasekuhlaleni. Ngelixesha ezinye iiholo zedolophu zibhabhabha kuphela iflegi ye-Unian, ezinye zibhabhetha iflegi ye-Irish ngeentsuku ezithile, kwaye i-paradessss ilawula imiboniso ethanda ucagoqo-ok-orensi. Ngoku i-oreakn-oreat shorts. Ngezo systmedia i-orectals, i-oreamss syms, i-acted sym, i-mask.

Imfundo Nokubelana Ngembali

Imfundo yayiyindawo yedabi ngexesha leMixokelelwano, enenkqubo yesikolo eyahlukeneyo efundisa iingxelo ezahlukeneyo. Esi sivumelwano sifuna “ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo yemfundo edityanisiweyo, ekhuthaza ukunyamezelana nokuqondana.” Oku kuye kwakhokelela ekukhuleni kwezikolo ezidibeneyo . apho abantwana bamaProtestanti namaKatolika bafunda kunye. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabafundi basaya kwimo yezwe (ngokuyintloko yamaProtestanti) okanye izikolo zamaKatolika. Ngonyaka wama 2007, i-Northern Ireland imfundo yenkqubo edibanisa i-inginion , i-Protentiant" umnqongo wenkqubo oquka izifundo zengxabano, ukuma, namalungelo abantu. [[FLT.][FLT] kunye neKhomishini ye-Asurencessssssss, kwaneesamkela onke amavandla, ukuncedisa kwilifamava.

Ukuthetha Ngelifa Nokujamelana Neengxaki

Nakubeni yaphumelela, iGood Wear Agreement ayizange iphele inkxwaleko esekelwe kwintengo yayo ngesiquphe. Ilifa leengxaki liyaqhubeka lilolonga indlela abantu abadibana ngayo nexesha labo elidlulileyo kwaye omnye nomnye.

Indima Yekhomishini Yamaxhoba Nabasindi

Imiselwe ngo-2009, le ntlanganiso isebenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuvunywa kwawo onke amaxhoba entlupheko, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ziziphi na. Imali ilungisa imisebenzi yokusesikweni, inyathelo elithathelwe ingqalelo, kunye nemigudu yokukhumbula. Noko ke, kusakho ukungavumelani ngendlela yokuchaza “ivictim” nokuba ngaba ingxwabangxwabangxwaba iyamkeleka. Iingxelo zale nkokeli zibalaselisa imfuneko yokuqhubeka nokuthetha ngelifa ngendlela engawavuli amanxeba.

Isivumelwano Sendlu Sezaqhwithi namalungiselelo eNkcubeko

Ngo-2014, la matheko asayina iSpondont House Agreement, eyayifuna ukucombulula iinkalo eziseleyo zelifa. Yacebisa ukuba kwenziwe icandelo elikwiNtlanganiso engokwembali kunye neKhomishini yokuHlaziywa yoLwazi. Ngokutsho kwathi, aquka amanyathelo okuqhubana nexesha elidlulileyo, kuquka ukugxininisa kwisikhumbuzo nesikhumbuzo. La malungiselelo azimisele ukunceda ibutho labantu ukuba lijamelane nembali ngaphandle kweengxelo ezahlulayo. Basasetyenziswa ngokucotha kodwa babonise indlela igama nelifa elihlala lisemgangathweni ngayo kwinkqubo yoxolo.

Iimpikiswano Zexesha Elidluleyo: Isazi, IBreexit, Nezithethe

Isigqibo se-UK sokushiya i-European Union ivule imposiso. Abaququzeleli abaninzi besizwe kunye namariphabliki boyika ukuba iBrexit iza kuyenza lukhuni imida neRiphabliki yase-Ireland, isongela ukudibana komda onqamlezileyo obalulekileyo. Iziphumo ze-Northern Ireland Protocol, eyagcina ummandla kwi-EU imake enye yempahla, ngokunjalo yacaphukisa amaqela amaninzi amaBritane avakalelwa ukuba ajongeka kakubi ngokuba nemithetho eyahlukileyo yezithethe eGreat Britain. Ezi ngxabano zibonisa ukuba uchazo nelifa lenkcubeko azinanto ingenakuhlala ihleli; ziguquka ngeziganeko zezobupolitika. Iprovectory ye-Prouvectors i-actives, i-livey yexabiso, kunye ne-commin-combust argists izixhobo zokulawula ezi-injini, kodwa ifuna ukuba isoloko isebenza ngokuzinziswa kwezobupolitika.

Isiphumo: Imodeli yeeNtlalo zePhost-Conclist

I-Good Wear Agreement itheths ingumnye weyona ndawo yokuhlala yoxolo ephumelelayo kwimbali yanamhlanje ngenxa yokuba ithathe imilinganiselo kunye nelifa lenkcubeko nzulu. Kunokuphikisa umahluko, yakha inkqubo elindele umahluko ize ibangele iindlela zokuwuphatha ngaphandle kogonyamelo. Amalungiselelo ayo okuzibeka ngokwayo, ukubeka isidima, amalungelo olwimi, ukulawula amandla, neempawu eziqukayo zinike abantu bobabini isibonda kuMntla Ireland omtsha. Akukho mntu onokuthi le sivumelwano sicombulule zonke iinkupho, iiflegi, kwaye amalungelo olwimi asadala umgangatho wezobupolitika, kodwa adala isakhiwo apho imikroba esonti isombululwe ngezobupolitika, hayi iimbumbulu.

Le ndlela iphembelele ezinye iinkqubo zoxolo, ukusuka eMzantsi Afrika ukuya eColombia. Isifundo sicacile: naluphi na uxolo oluhlala luhleli kwibutho labantu elahluleleneyo kufuneka lucombulule imvelaphi enzulu yokwazi kunye nemvelaphi yesithethe, hayi nje iimpawu ezingaphandle zongquzulwano. Njengoko i-Ireland esemntla iqhubeka isebenzisa ubunkimbini beBrexit, utshintsho lwamanani, kunye nokutshintsha kwesizukulwana, isiseko seGood Wesihlanu Accordition kulwazi lwalo nelifa lesithethe sinika isiseko esiqinileyo sokwakha ikamva elahlukeneyo ngexa uknawazo ezikhoyo.