Table of Contents

Ukwazisa: Intaphane yemidlalo phakathi kweNkxaso Yasekuhlaleni nocelomngeni

Ulwalamano phakathi koorhulumente basekuhlaleni neembambano zamazwe ludla ngokuqondwa kakubi. Ngoxa oorhulumente besizwe noorhulumente bemisela iinkqubo ezibanzi, kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni /, iinguqu, izakhiwo, kunye noomasipala .Apho zidibana khona naloo migaqo-nkqubo. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bangababhexeshi abaphambili kwiimeko zelizwe, ukusuka ekudodobala kwezoqoqosho kunye neengxaki zempilo kawonke wonke ekutshintsheni kwemozulu. Ukusondela kwabo kubemi bayakwazi ukuvelisa izicombululo ezibonisa intlalo, izoqoqosho, namasiko asekuhlaleni. Eli nqaku lihlola uluhlu lwemeko zelifa lokwenene lamazwe apho oorhulumente bengingqini nje kuphela kodwa bengazange baphumele kwiimeko zobuzwe kodwa baye bakhokelela kwindlela, ukumisela okunyuka. Sihlolisisa izicwangciso zabo, imiqobo abajamelana nazo, kunye neempembelelo ezihlala zihleli.

Ukuqonda le mpembelelo kubalulekile kubenzi benkqubo, iinkokeli zoluntu, kunye nabemi abatshatisiweyo. Ngokufunda indlela oorhulumente basekuhlaleni abawutshintsha ngayo umgaqo-siseko wesizwe, okanye ukuvala amakhefu ashiywe kukungathathi-nxaxheba, sifumana ukuqonda ngezakhiwo zokwenyani zolawulo eUnited States nangaphaya. Imizekelo elandelayo ibonisa amandla, ubuchule, yaye ngamanye amaxesha idimaza ukulinganiselwa kwezenzo zoluntu ngokwesizwe.

Ukuqonda Iindima Zorhulumente Wasekuhlaleni KwiiNkxaso Zesizwe

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni banesikhundla esikhethekileyo kwinkqubo karhulumente. Bayithala lorhulumente osondeleyo kubantu, abajongene neenkonzo ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubomi bemihla ngemihla, ukhuseleko loluntu, ugutyulo, imfundo, iipaki, izindlu, kunye nezithuthi. Xa kuvela imicimbi yesizwe, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni kufuneka baguqule imigaqo-nkqubo ebanzi karhulumente okanye karhulumente ukuba isebenze. Iindima zabo zingenziwa zibe yimisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo:

Ukuhlawulwa kwenkqubo

Imithetho yesizwe nemiyalelo yezolawulo idla ngokufuna ukunyanzeliswa kwemithetho yengingqi. Umzekelo, imimiselo yemekobume evela kwi-Evironmental Protection Agency (EPA) ingagunyazisa ukuba amadolobha ahlise izakhiwo zokusetyenziswa kwenkunkuma okanye anciphise ukukhutshwa kwemichiza yezithuthi. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni kufuneka banike imali, iinkampani eziqeshayo, kunye nokuthobela imigaqo yezonyango. Bakwanengqiqo kwindlela abamisa ngayo imithetho ngokungqongqo, nto leyo enokukhokelela kwiyantlukwano ukusuka kulawulo olunye ukuya kolunye.

Ubandakanyeko Nobuchule Boluntu

Amagosa asekuhlaleni anyulwa ngqo okanye amiselwa ngamabhunga, enika umyalelo wokuba amele amava esizwe. Xa iinkqubo zesizwe zingathandwa okanye zingafanelani nemeko yasekuhlaleni, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bangenza njengabameli ``izigqibo ezigqithayo, ukungqinelana neBhunga, okanye ukwenza imibutho yokunyanzelisa utshintsho. Kwakhona babandakanya abemi kwiinkundla zikawonke-wonke, kwiiholo zedolophu, kunye neebhodi zolawulo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimpendulo zasekuhlaleni zifanelekile kwaye ziqukiwe.

Indawo ekuyo uvimba wefayili

Imibandela yobuzwe idla ngokubakho ngenkxaso karhulumente karhulumente, kodwa oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bagqiba ngendlela yokwabela aba buncwane. Ebudeni bobhubhani we-COVID-19, i- CARES Act karhulumente yasasazwa kwimimandla ethile yamazwe emva koko yasasazwa kwizixeko ezinobukhulu obuthile. Iingingqi ezincinane kwakufuneka zikhuphisa ingeniso yazo ngerhafu yempahla, iirhafu zentengiso, kunye nentlawulo, abanokuzisebenzisa ukongeza iinkqubo okanye iikhelingiso zesizwe.

Ukuphendula ngokweeMbali

Ukusuka kwiintlekele zemvelo ukuya kubomi boluntu, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bangabasebenzi bokuqala abaphendulayo. Basebenzisa amasebe omlilo, iinkonzo zonyango longxamiseko, kunye namapolisa. Bakwanxibelelana namasebe karhulumente kunye norhulumente onjengo-FEMA okanye iCDC. Ukusebenza kwempendulo yesizwe kusoloko kuxhomekeka ekulungiseleleni nasekufikeleleni kwamandla asekuhlaleni. Njengoko ukutshintsha kwemozulu kwandisa ukuhambela phambili kwemozulu, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bafaka imali yokulondoloza imozulu, ukusuka kwiindongalo zolwandle ukuya kwiinkqubo zokuxhasa amandla.

Uhlolisiso lwetyala lwezindululo zikarhulumente wasekuhlaleni kwiimbambano zesizwe

Olu hlolisiso lulandelayo lubonisa indlela oorhulumente basekuhlaleni kulo lonke elaseUnited States abaye bahlangabezana ngayo neengxaki ezinkulu zelizwe. Umzekelo ngamnye ubalaselisa indlela ekhethekileyo yokwenza izinto, umongo neziphumo ezinokuvela. Ezi aziyonto ithe kratya kodwa zimela iinguqu ezahlukahlukeneyo zendalo.

Ukutshintsha Kwemozulu: Ingxaki Ebangelwa Kukusetyenziswa Kweziko Lemozulu ESan Francisco

Ngo-2004, iSan Francisco yaba sesinye sezixeko zokuqala ezingundoqo e-U.S. ezathi zaqalisa ukumisela iqhinga lemozulu, zizimisele ukunciphisa igesi eshushu ephumayo kwiqondo lama-25% ngaphantsi ko-1990 ngo-2012. Esi sixeko sadlula kweso xhoba saza kamva sazibophelela ekuncitshisweni kwama-80% nge-2050 .5 qha usukelo oluhambisana nesivumelwano saseParis. Iindlela ezingundoqo ziquka:

  • [[NTLA] Amandla anokuphinda avuselelwe: iSan Francisco ifuna ukuba zonke izakhiwo ezintsha zibe zezekharbon-neut antrakathi ngo-2025 kwaye zifakelwe kwimisebenzi ye-oyile yelanga nomoya.
  • Iinkqubo zokuchitha i- Ukugalela isantya sokuzonwabisa: inyathelo lesixeko elinoze-wasti, kuquka ukunyanzelisa ukuvoca nokuphinda kusetyenziswe, lifikelele umlinganiselo weqondo elingu 80% lozilo olusuka ekuzaliseni komhlaba.
  • Imigangatho yokwakha eluhlaza: Imithetho yokwakha iSan Francisco Green yenye yezona zinzima kuhlanga, ifuna ukwakhiwa kwamandla asebenzayo kunye nezixhobo.

Ezi zenzo zasekuhlaleni azithobanga nje kuphela ukukhutshwa kwemiphunga kodwa zikwavelisa iingenelo zezoqoqosho: imisebenzi eluhlaza, iindleko ezisezantsi zezemali kubemi, kunye nempilo engcono kawonke-wonke. Impumelelo yeSan Francisco iye yashukumisela ezinye izixeko ukuba zifumane imigaqo efanayo, kwaye indlela yayo yokusebenzisa ulwazi ichazwe ngokubanzi kwiingxoxo zemozulu yesizwe. Umthombo wangaphandle: iSebe lokusingqongileyo uFrancis Francisco.

2. Iimpendulo zempilo yoluntu: Ukhokelo lwe-COVID-19 lwesiXeko saseNew York

Ngemihla yokuqala yesifo se-COVOID-19, isiXeko saseNew York saba yindawo ephambili yokuqhambuka kwe-U.S. NgoMatshi 2020, isixeko sasebenzisa amanyathelo ogonyamelo angaphaya kolawulo lorhulumente norhulumente. Ezi zinto zaquka:

  • Uvavanyo kunye noqhagamshelwano lokuqala: NYC yamisa i-YC yokuqala yohlanga ukutyhubela iindawo zovavanyo kwaye kamva yakhupha iikhopthi zoqhagamshelwano ezinkulu zabasebenzi abangaphezu kwama-3 000.
  • Imiyalelo ye- ye-Mask: Isixeko esigunyaziswe ukugquma amasigqubuthelo esisendlwini phambi kokuba urhulumente enze, kwaye sinyanzelisa ukuthobela intlawulo namaphulo okufundisa uwonke-wonke.
  • Ukubonelela ngePublic ngeelwimi ezininzi:[[FLT] Isebe lezezempilo le-NYC lenza izinto ngeelwimi ezingama-35 ukufikelela kuluntu olusuka kwelinye ilizwe.

Isiphumo saba kukugoba okucothayo kosuleleko kunokuba bekuya kwenzeka ngenye indlela, nangona isixeko siseneziphumo ezimandundu ngenxa yoxinano nokungalingani. Amagosa ezempilo asekuhlaleni aphawula ukuba amandla okutshintsha ngokukhawuleza /azikolo, ukucimeka kweziganeko, kunye nabasebenzi ababomvu-------yabalulekanga. Amava akhokelela kutshintsho olusisigxina kwisiseko sobomi besixeko, kuquka i-ofisi entsha elungiselelweyo. Umthombo wangaphandle: [[FLT:]NYCC-19 data ye-HAMBIS .[FLT]

3. Izicwangciso Zenkqubo Yemfundo: Ingqalelo YaseSeattle

Ukuphendula kwisicelo sesizwe sokuphucula i-STEM (inzululwazi, ubugcisa, ubunjineli, kunye nezibalo), isithili seSeattle Public Schools `phantsi kolwalathiso lwebhunga lesixeko kunye nosodolophu') sabonisa uthotho lweenyathelo eziye zaba mzekelo kwezinye imimandla zasedolophini. Ukususela ngo-2013, isithili esisebenzisana neenkampani zobugcisa zasekuhlaleni ezifana neAmazon neMicrosoft ukuxhasa ii-comping comptics, i-comptamps, kunye neenkqubo zoqeqesho lomfundisi-zo.

  • Isiphawuli seCurculum esibomvu: Seattle yadibanisa inzululwazi yekhompyutha kwizifundo ezingundoqo ukusuka kwisikolo samabanga aphakathi ukuya kwibanga leshumi elinesibini.
  • Uphuhliso lobuGcisa: Iziko lesithili elixhaswayo nezoqeqesho oluqhubekayo kubafundisi- ntsapho ukuze bakhe intembelo kwiSTEM.
  • [[FLT: 0] ugxininiso olupheleleyo: Iinkqubo zijolise kwizikolo ezineepesenti eziphezulu zengeniso ephantsi nabafundi abambalwa, bejolise ekuvaleni umsantsa wethuba.

Ngo-2020, iSeattle yayinepesenti ephezulu yabafundi abathatha i-AP inzululwazi yekhompyutha kwiphondo, kwaye umlinganiselo wokuphumelela kwezikolo eziphezulu ze-STEM ungaphaya kwama-90%. Indlela yesixeko ibonisa indlela oorhulumente basekuhlaleni abanokuhambisana ngayo neenjongo zemfundo yesizwe ngeli lixa besebenzisa iinkqubo zoshishino lwengingqi kunye nezinto ezikhoyo. Umthombo wangaphandle: SATEPS Public Schools Informational Technology[[

4. Izindlu nokungabi namakhaya: Ukuthetha ngengxaki yeSizwe

Ingxaki yemali yokuhlala yesizwe iye yahlasela izixeko eziselunxwemeni, kodwa oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baye basabela ngentlobo-ntlobo zenkqubo zobugcisa. UPortland, i-Oregon, ngokomzekelo, ibinguvulindlela ekudibaneni nasekuqesheni. Ngonyaka 2016, isixeko savuma inkqubo efuna inkqubela entsha equka ipesenti yeyunithi yezindlu ezinokufikeleleka okanye irhafu yezindlu. Imodeli yezindlu ezithengwayo ezidityaniswe ngama-$258 ezigidi ze-2522018, isixeko sakha okanye salondoloza amaqela anokufikeleleka. Ngaphezu koko, iPortland’sland ] ingumzekelo wokuqalisa yenkonzo yokungabi namakhaya i-ezwe lonke. Ukusondela kwezindlu ezisisigxina ngaphandle komsebenzi (njengooomakhwela okanye umsebenzi) kunye nesiphumo sezentengiselwano eluncedo.

Ezinye izixeko, njengo-Austin, eTexas, ziye zasebenzisa iibhonasi ezixineneyo kunye nokungahlawuli irhafu yempahla ukukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwezindlu ezifikelelekayo. Ezi zisombululo zasekuhlaleni zibalulekile kuba urhulumente wengingqi akakhange andise ngokuphawulekayo inkxaso yezindlu kumashumi eminyaka. Umthombo wangaphandle: Portland Howation Bureauer.]

5. Ukufuduka Nokuhlanjululwa KobuGcisa: Ukusondela ELos Angeles

Inkqubo yokungena komnqongo wesizwe ehlala ikho, esoloko idibene kwi-room contact. Oorhulumente bongingqi baye bangenelela ukukhusela abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe, ingakumbi emva kolawulo oluthe lwandisiweyo lolawulo lweTrump. ILos Angeles yazivakalisa isixeko esingcwele ngo-2017, ithetha ukuba oovimba besixeko abasayi kusetyenziswa ukunceda ulawulo lwezentengiselwano lwamaqumrhu ngaphandle kokuba kufuneka umthetho.

  • [[UMTL:0] Intsebenziswano edityanisiweyo ne ICE: Abaphathi-mikhosi be LAPD ababuzi malunga nobume bokufuduka, okanye bahlonele abagcini be-ICE ngaphandle kwemvume yokugweba.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ingxowa-mali yokhuselo: Isixeko sabela abaphambukeli ii-10 lezigidi ukulungiselela umelo olusemthethweni lwabafuduki abajongene nokugxothwa.
  • Ukuphuma nokuxhasa: I-Ofisi yeMicimbi ye-Immigrant indulule “Yazi Amalungelo Akho” kwaye iseke uthungelwano lwabahambi ngenqanawa boluntu.

Ezi zenzo zinciphisa uloyiko phakathi kwabemi abangabhalwanga, nto leyo ekhokelela kukwanda kokunikelwa kwengxelo yolwaphulo-mthetho nokusetyenziswa kakhulu kweenkonzo zikawonke-wonke. Ngoxa iinkqubo zengcwele zifumene ukugxekwa ngabachasi abaphikisa umthetho karhulumente, izigwebo zenkundla zisoloko zixhasa ilungelo loorhulumente basekuhlaleni lokubeka iziqalelo zabo zolawulo. Indlela yeLos Angeles ibonisa indlela urhulumente wasekuhlaleni anokulolonga ngayo impembelelo yenkqubo yokufuduka kwesizwe kumgangatho woluntu.

6. Ukuchacha Kwezoqoqosho Nezikhongelo Zasekuhlaleni: Inkxaso Encinane Yoshishino LwaseAustin

Ngexesha leNtloko enkulu yoMsebenzi woBuso-Msebenzi ka-2009, kwaye kwakhona ngexesha lododobala kwe-COVID-19, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bazenzela iinkqubo zabo zoncedo lwezoqoqosho ukuze bongezelele imigudu karhulumente. Austin, Texas, basungula i- Bustrial Sexual Program yeNkonzo yeNkonzo yeNkonzo yeNkonzo ye-[ ku-2020, isebenzisa intlanganisela-mali yesixeko kunye ne-ACARCS Act yokunika inkxaso kumashishini amancinane, ingakumbi lawo abeminye yabantu bemibalabala. Le nkqubo yasusa i-R3, ngokugxininisa kumashishini angazange afumane uncedo lwasemthethweni. Isitshixo saqukwa:

  • inkqubo yesicelo esinyusiweyo: Isixeko sasebenzisa izibuko lengingqi kunye namaphepha amancinci ukunciphisa imiqobo.
  • [[UMTL:0] uncedo lwezentengiso lunika: Abamkeli bangasebenzisa imali ukuthengisa, ukunika ityala, okanye ukuceba ishishini.
  • Icandelo leenqanawa ezikhoyo kunye nemibutho yoluntu: iinzuzo ezingeyonzuzo zanceda ukuchaza nokuxhasa amashishini kwimimandla engaphantsi.

Uvavanyo lwenkqubo lufumanise ukuba ama-80% abanikeli babesasebenza kwiminyaka emibini kamva, xa kuthelekiswa nomlinganiselo wokusinda wama-60% kumashishini afanayo angafumani nkxaso. Imodeli ka-Austin yamkelwe zezinye izixeko zeTexas kwaye inkqubo yezoshishino yemigangatho karhulumente ephenjelelweyo. Umthombo wangaphandle: Document of Austin Economic Development Comment.

Iingxaki Ezijamelene Noorhulumente Basekuhlaleni Ekusabeleni Kwiimbambano Zesizwe

Nangona ziphumelela, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bajamelana nemiqobo ephawulekayo xa bezama ukucombulula iingxaki zamazwe.

Ukungabi namali yaneleyo kunye noovimba

Urhulumente wasekuhlaleni uxhomekeke kwirhafu yempahla neyentengiso, eguqukayo ngexesha lokuwohloka kwezoqoqosho. Imali yomanyano isoloko iza nezibophelelo ezidityaniswe "imali edityanisiweyo okanye ingxelo engqalileyo" kwaye ayinakugquma iindleko ezisetyenziselwe ixesha elide. Izixeko ezincinane nezixa zasemaphandleni azikwazi ukuhlawula kakuhle, zingenaso isiseko serhafu sokuxhasa iinkqubo ezifuna intlawulo. Umzekelo, igunya lesizwe lokunyusa izibonelelo zamanzi linokulawulwa kwisixeko esikhulu kodwa litshabalalise idolophu enabantu abangama-5 000.

Iingxwabangxwaba Zezobupolitika Nezokwehla Kweminye Imimandla

Amagosa anyulweyo asekuhlaleni kufuneka alungelelanise iingcinezelo zabalawuli, iimfuno zeqela labantu, kunye nolindelo lwezibonelelo. Kuluntu olwahlulelene kakhulu, kwanemigaqo-nkqubo ethandwayo efana nemozulu okanye imiyalelo yempilo kawonke-wonke inokuba nengxabano. Imithetho yezolawulo karhulumente ikwamisela ulawulo lwasekuhlaleni: kumaphondo amaninzi, izixeko azinako ukunyusa umvuzo omncinci, ukulawula imipu, okanye ukuxhasa ulawulo ngaphandle kwemvume karhulumente. Olu ngquzulwano lwezopoliti lungalibazisa okanye luhlise ukucocel'iiimbambano zesizwe.

Umanyano noRhulumente noManyano

Izintlu ezintathu zethala likarhulumente .(federal, urhulumente, indawo yengingqi/_awusoloko ungqinelana. Imimiselo engqubanayo, ulawulo olungenazintlulonyelo, kunye nonxibelelwano olungelulo lungakhokelela ekungasebenzini. Umzekelo, ngexesha leSitshingitshane uKatrina, ukungaphumeleli kwengingqi, urhulumente kunye norhulumente ukuququzelela iziphumo eziyingozi. Kwanakumaqela aqhelekileyo, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni basoloko bekhalaza ngokunika abasebenzi abathelekisa ixesha elithe ngqo ekuthwalweni kwenkonzo.

Ukuchaswa Nguwonke - wonke Kokuguquka

Inkcaso yoluntu ingawavala amanyathelo asekuhlaleni. I-NIMBYism (hayi kwiNqanawa Yam esemva) ngumqobo oqhelekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kwezindlu, nokuba kulula okanye kuthengwa ngesantya sokuthengisa. Ngokufanayo, izigunyazo zokufihla isigqubuthelo kunye neemfuno zokugoma ngexesha le-COVID-19 zijamelene nezoyikiso kwanezisongelo nxamnye namagosa ezempilo karhulumente. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni kufuneka bafake imali eninzi kwisivumelwano soluntu nonxibelelwano ukuze bakhe ukuthembana.[1]enkqubo ethatha ixesha kunye nobuncwane obudla ngokuba bunqabile.

Ubuchule Obuphumelelayo Boorhulumente Basekuhlaleni

Uphando lwamatyala nokuvuma ukuba kukho iingxaki, luye lwaphumelela kurhulumente wasekuhlaleni ozama ukucombulula imicimbi yamazwe.

Ukuncedisa Abaxhamli Boluntu Kusebutsheni Namaxesha Ahlukahlukeneyo

Ulwabo lukawonke-wonke asiyomfuneko nje yomthetho; sisixhobo sokwakha ngokomthetho nokuthenga ngaphakathi. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni abaphumelelayo basebenzisa iikomiti zobugqeba, uhlolo lwe-intanethi, kunye neentlanganiso eziselumelwaneni ukuqokelela igalelo ngaphambi kokuba kugqitywe imigaqo-nkqubo. Umzekelo, ucwangciso lwezindlu olunexabiso eliphezulu lwasePortland lwalubandakanya ukunxibelelana kakhulu nabahlali, abaphuhlisi, nabaxhasi bezindlu, nto leyo ephumela kwicebo elinomdla olungelelwano olulungeleleneyo. Le ndlela inciphisa amathuba okumangalelwa okanye ukutshintsha kwebhokisi yebhoti.

Ubuxhakaxhaka obubhetyebhetye kunye nogcino-lwazi ukwenzela izigqibo ezisekelwe kubungqina

Inkqubo yogcino-lwazi iphawuleka kulawulo lwale ndawo. Izixeko ezifana neSeattle zisebenzisa iibhodi zokukhangela iimali zokuhlala kunye neenkqubo zokulungisa imozulu ngexesha lokwenene. Isicwangciso semo yezulu seSan Francisco sixhomekeke kwimisebenzi yobugcisa yonyaka yokuyila imveliso yomlinganiselo. Iindawo zogcino-lwazi ezivulekileyo zivumela abemi kunye nabaphandi ukuba bahlolisise ukusebenza kukarhulumente. Ubugcisa bukwanceda ukunikezelwa komsebenzi ongcono / ngokomzekelo, i-ingxoxo-i-i-ats ukwenzela abahlali-e-e-e-ask, okanye abaxeli abahlali be-I-adrevetic bolu lwazi ukuba bafumane impendulo yongxamiseko.

Ulwakhiwo noNcedo

Asikho isixeko esisisiqithi. Imicimbi emininzi yesizwe."njengezothutho, ulawulo lwamanzi, okanye uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho--------odovices shorts. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baya besenza imida yengingqi yokudibanisa ubuncwane kunye nokuxhasa izilangazelelo zolwamkelo olunye. INgqungquthela ye-U.S. yaMayam yase-United States kunye neSizwe samaGunyano asezixekweni zinamandla eWashington, D.C., ukuzabalazela ukuxhasa inkxaso yemali kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo. Kumgangatho wengingqi, amaqela afana neNgqungquthela yeBhunga yee-Bay Amazwe elungelelantiyo nokusebenzisana kweminye imimandla emininzi.

Ukusetyenziswa kweNkxaso neNkxaso

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni kufuneka basebenzele ekufuneni ubuncwane. Oku kuquka ukufaka isicelo sezibonelelo zikarhulumente, izindlu zowiso-mthetho ezikhuthaza ukuhlahlela, kunye nokudlulisa amaqhina oluntu okanye amanyathelo erhafu. Iindlela zokuxhasa irhafu, ezifana nemali yerhafu (IT) kunye nomanyano lukawonke-wonke, zingavula ikomkhulu elongezelelekileyo. Imeko yeshishini elincinane lika-Austin ibonisa indlela ukudityaniswa kwemali yengingqi yasekuhlaleni neyaseluni enokuthi ngokunempumelelo ngayo. Ukusebenza kwemali kukwathetha ukungqinela kwikomkhulu okanye kwiWashington/8.

Ukuzinzisa ngokutsha ngeenkqubo zesikhokelo kunye nokuguquka

Phambi kokuba benze utshintsho olukhulu, oorhulumente abaninzi basekuhlaleni bavavanya iindlela ezintsha zokungena ngeenkqubo zomqhubi wenqwelo-moya. Oku kuvumela ukusetyenziswa nokuhlengahlengiswa ngaphandle kobungozi obukhulu. Amanyathelo e-STEM eSeattle aqala ngocwangciso oluncinane lwasemva kwesikolo phambi kokuba kuqikelelwe isithili ebanzi. Ngokufanayo, ingxowa-mali yokhuseleko esemthethweni yeLos Angeles yabaphambukeli yaqalisa njengomqhubi weenqwelo-moya onama-R22 ezigidi kwaye wandiswa emva kokuphumelela. Oku kuvavanyaniswa, kudityaniswe nolungelelwano lwendlela ngoqingqo-mali kunye nabasebenzi, kunceda oorhulumente basekuhlaleni ukuba baqhelanise ngokukhawuleza ukutshintsha iimeko zesizwe.

Isiphumo: Indima ephambili karhulumente wasekuhlaleni kwinkqubo yoManyano

Amatyala anikelwe kweli nqaku agxininisa inyaniso engundoqo: oorhulumente basekuhlaleni abasebenzisi nje inkqubo yesizwe; bayielaboratori zedemokhrasi. Ukusuka kwimo yezulu ye-San Francisco ukuya kwiinkqubo zengcwele yeLos Angeles, isenzo sasekuhlaleni sisoloko sizala i-accuum eshiywe ngurhulumente ongenanto okanye i-gridlock. Kwanaxa imigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe icacile, ubuchule bengingqi bumisela indlela abasebenza ngayo ngokunempumelelo kuluntu elwahlukeneyo. Imingeniselo .

Kubo basebenza kurhulumente wasekuhlaleni okanye bafunda ngomgaqo-nkqubo kawonke-wonke, isifundo sicacile: iimpendulo ezinempembelelo kwimiba yelizwe ziqala kumgangatho wengca. Ngokufaka imali kumgangatho woluntu, ngokuxhasa intsebenziswano yezorhulumente, nangokufunda kwimizekelo ephumelelayo, sinokomeleza inkqubo yonke. Ikamva lokulawula ngexesha elinzima, elingenazingxaki liza kuxhomekeka kwindlela oorhulumente basekuhlaleni abanikwe amandla ngayo.

[[FLT: 0] Note: Eli nqaku liqulathe uqhagamshelwano olugqithisileyo kwimithombo esemthethweni karhulumente wesixeko ukuze kufundwe ngokubhekele phaya. Yonke idata nemizekelo ikhutshwe kwiingxelo ezikhoyo ekuhleni kwaye ichanekile njengomhla wokubhala.