Imfundo: Imbopheleleko eyabelweneyo Ngaphesheya KweFederal, IRhulumente Nakumgangatho Wasekuhlaleni

Imfundo eUnited States isebenza njengenkqubo ebekwe ngokunzulu apho oorhulumente borhulumente borhulumente, borhulumente, kunye nabo basekuhlaleni ngamnye ethwele iimbopheleleko ezahlukeneyo. Ngoxa umGaqo-siseko wase-United States ungakhankanyi ngokucacileyo, uMgaqo-siseko weshumi elinamashumi amahlanu ugcine eli gunya kumazwe. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, urhulumente wesizwe uye waba nendima ebalulekileyo ngokuxhasa inkxaso-mali, ukunyanzelwa kwamalungelo abantu, namanyathelo enkqubo karhulumente. Isakhiwo esinesiphumo sivelisa amathuba okuphucula nocelomngeni lokuqinisekisa ubunjani obungaguquguqukiyo kumazwe nakumazwe.

Urhulumente wesizwe ufak' isandla malunga ne-8 ukuya kwi-10 ekhulwini lemali yemfundo epheleleyo yeK-12, ngokuyintloko ngeenkqubo ezijoliswe kubafundi abathile. ISihlomelo I soMthetho weElementary neseSixeko semfundo sinika izikolo uncedo lwemali kunye nenani eliphezulu labantwana abasuka kwiintsapho ezifumana imali ephantsi. I-Antervets eneMithetho Efundisayo (IDEA) imisela ukuba kunikwe imfundo kawonke-wonke-wonke efanelekileyo kubafundi abaneziphene, exhaswa yinkxaso yorhulumente. Ezi nkqubo zimisela ukulindela okusisiseko kwe- equluntluntlukwano nokufikelela, kodwa zikwamisela nemfunokuthobela iimfuno zikarhulumente ezimele zilandele iimfuno zemali.

Oorhulumente banegunya eliphambili kwimfundo kawonke-wonke kwimida yabo. Iphondo ngalinye limisela eyalo imilinganiselo yoqeqesho, iimfuno zokuphumelela kokufundisa, iinkqubo zokuqinisekisa umfundisi- ntsapho, kunye neenkqubo zokuphendula. Indlu yowiso-mthetho yesizwe imisela ukuba ingakanani imali ephumayo ukuya kwimimandla yasekuhlaleni, ngokufuthi isebenzisa iindlela ezilungiselelwe ukulungelelanisa ubuncwane phakathi kwabantu abazizityebi nabangamahlwempu. Amasebe emfundo esizwe emfundo ajonge ukuthotyelelwa kwesithili, anike iziphumo, kwaye alawula iinkqubo zogcino-lwazi ezilandelela ukusebenza kwabafundi nomgangatho wesikolo.

Iinkqubo zephondo lezikolo zasekuhlaleni zisebenzisa iinkqubo zikarhulumente ngeli lixa zivumelana neemfuno zoluntu. Iibhodi zesikolo, abaveleli, neentloko benza izigqibo malunga nokuqeshwa, izinto zokufundisa, iikhalenda, izibonelelo, kunye neenkqubo zemfundo ezingephi. Irhafu yempahla ibonelela ngentabalala yemali yemfundo yasekuhlaleni, nto leyo ebangela ukungalingani okuphawulekayo phakathi kwemimandla etyebileyo nengenamali eninzi. Amanye amazwe aye azama ukusingatha ezi zikhewu kwiinkqubo zokusetyenziswa, kodwa inkxaso-mali ekhoyo iyaqhubeka kulo lonke ilizwe.

Izinto eziphambili zomgaqo-nkqubo woManyano kunye nokuguquka kweLizwe

I-Equaders Resuevered Act (ESSA) ityikitywe kumthetho ngo-2015, imela ulungelelwano lwangoku phakathi kobuveleli borhulumente kunye nobubhetyebhetye. I-ESSA ifuna iireji ukuvavanya abafundi ngokufunda nangezibalo ngonyaka kwizifundo ezintathu ukuya kwezisibhozo kunye nezinye kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Ama-ofuthi kufuneka anike ingxelo yogcino-lwazi olususiweyo ngamaqela asezantsi abafundi ukuchonga amasuntswana okuphumeza. Noko ke, i-ESSA inika isibonelelo esibalulekileyo ekuyileni iinkqubo zokuziphendulela ngokweenjongo zabo, ukumisela usukelo lwemfundo, nokugqiba ungenelelo kwizikolo eziphantsi.

Olu cwangciso luvumela ukuba luzame iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, amanye amaphondo athathe imizekelo yemfundo esekelwe kwimiqolo evumela abafundi ukuba baqhube ngesantya sabo. Ezinye ziye zasebenzisa iinkqubo zokulumkisa zamandulo ukuchaza kubafundi ngaphambi kokuba bayeke. Imali edityanisiweyo edityanisiweyo, njengenkqubo yeSihloko seSihloko se-IV soncedo lomfundisi kunye neSihloko senkxaso yabafundi, zinika oovimba abanokusebenzisa izinto eziza kuqala ngokweenjongo zolawulo loluntu xa kuhlangatyelwane neenjongo zolawulo olubanzi.

Ulawulo neNkxaso yeDSD yemfundo ePhakamileyo

Ukungenelela kwemfundo ephakamileyo kujoliswe ekuncedeni abafundi ngemali, ekuxhaseni uphando, nasekunyanzelweni kwamalungelo abantu. UPel Grants, imali-mboleko yabafundi yorhulumente, kunye neenkqubo zokufundisa umsebenzi zinceda izigidi zabafundi ukuba zingene ekholejini. Kwakhona urhulumente wengingqi unikela kakhulu ekuphandeni kweyunivesithi ngamaqumrhu afana neNational Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation, kunye neSebe lezezokhuselo.

Urhulumente uxhasa iiyunivesithi zikawonke-wonke neekholeji zoluntu, umisela iinkqubo zezentengiselwano kwiimeko ezithile, kunye nooyangcali beequmrhu zemfundo ephakamileyo. Amazwe amisela ukuba yimali engakanani ekufuneka inikelwe kumfundi ngamnye, nto leyo echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukubonelela kunye nemithombo yemali. Kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka adluleyo, inkxaso yemali karhulumente kumfundi ngamnye iye yancipha kumazwe amaninzi, ukutshintsha kweendleko zabafundi neentsapho ngokwanda kwentsebenziswano. Imfundo yemfundo karhulumente kunye neenkqubo zoncedo lwezonyango zorhulumente, nangona i-emali kunye nesisa zithe kratya namaqela zithe chatha.

Ukulungelelaniswa kweendima zikarhulumente nezorhulumente kwimfundo ephakamileyo kwenza kubekho indalo entsonkothileyo apho abafundi bafumana iindleko ezahlukeneyo nomgangatho othe ngqo ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yabo yokuhlala. Inkqubo yomanyano lumisela indawo yokufikelela ngoncedo lwemali, ngoxa amazwe emisela isilingi ngokufaka ingeniso ngqo kumaqumrhu kawonke-wonke.

Unyango: Iinkqubo Zokulungiselela, Ukuphumeza Imigaqo Karhulumente, kunye Nenkqubo Yezempilo Yoluntu

Ulawulo lwezonyango eUnited States luphawulwa ngomanyano phakathi koorhulumente bamarhulumente noorhulumente, nomgangatho ngamnye osebenzisa amagunya neembopheleleko ezahlukeneyo. Urhulumente wesizwe ulawula iinkqubo ze-inshorensi yesizwe yempilo, ulawula amayeza kunye nezixhobo zonyango, kunye nemali yophando lwebhayoloji. Urhulumente wezonyango wezonyango ujonge ukunyanzela kwezempilo, ulawulo lwezonyango, kunye nolawulo lweenkqubo zesizwe zesizwe esimanyeneyo ezifana neMedicaid.

IAffordcuble Care Act (ACA), eyamiswa ngo-2010, yalungisa kwakhona icandelo loxanduva lokunyamekela impilo. Urhulumente wasekuhlaleni wamisela imigangatho eluncedo, wadala iintengiso ze-inshorensi yempilo, wanika nentlawulo ebonelelwayo. Amazwe anikwa ukhetho lokwandisa iMedicaid kubantu abadala abafumana ingeniso ukuya kutsho ku-1388% ekhulwini lomgangatho wobuhlwempu obulawulayo. Ngokwango-2024, amaphondo angama-40, namaphondo aseSithilishini saseColumbia, lo gama amazwe alikhange anike umsantsalo wezigidi zabantu abadala abafumana iimali ezingeyo ezingezizo ezingezizo eziphezulu.

IMedicare neMedicaid: IiPillars ezimbini zeSizwe seSizwe

IMedicare, inkqubo ye-inshorensi yempilo karhulumente yabantu abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu kunye nabantu abathile abancinane abaneziphene, ilawulwa ngokupheleleyo ngurhulumente wesizwe ngeziko leMalicare neNkonzo yeMedicaid. Le nkqubo igubungela ukunyanyekelwa kwesibhedlele, iinkonzo zomguli, amayeza agunyazisiweyo, nezinye iingenelo. IMedicare isebenza ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka ngqo kwemeko, nangona amazwe enxibelelana noMedicare kwimical abangeneli abafanelekileyo kumacala amabini eMedicare kunye neMedicaid.

Ngokuchaseneyo, yinkqubo yesizwe esimanyeneyo enika uGawulayo uGawulayo onika abantu kunye neentsapho ezifumana imali ephantsi. Urhulumente umisela iimfuno zenkqubo ebanzi kwaye uhambisana nemali yorhulumente echitheke ukusuka kuma-50 ekhulwini ukuya ngaphezu kwama-80 ekhulwini, kuxhomekeka kwingeniso karhulumente nganye. Ama-ogxamente ayila iinkqubo zawo zeMedicaid ezikwizikhokelo zikarhulumente, egqiba imipheketho, iinkonzo ezigubungeleyo, izibonelelo ezinika intlawulo, kunye nemizekelo yokunika. Oku kuvumela ukuba kungenelela, kodwa kwakhona kuphumela kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ezingoko, ukufikelela, nokungena komgangatho ophezulu kulo lonke ilizwe.

Amasebe esizwe eMedicaid ayakwazi ukubhalisa, anxibelelana nemibutho ephethe izibhedlele noogqirha, acwangcise intlawulo yemali yemali yezibhedlele kunye neyokujonga ukuthembeka kwenkqubo. Amaphondo amaninzi aye asebenzisa ii-Medicaids ukuvavanya iindlela ezintsha ezifana neemfuno zomsebenzi, ii-akhawunti zempilo, okanye iimodeli zemali ezisekelwe kwixabiso. Iziko leMedicare & Medicaid Services kufuneka zivumele ezi zi-ravers, zidala ingxoxo enamandla phakathi kophuhliso nolawulo lukarhulumente kunye nolawulo.

Impilo Kawonke - wonke Nokulungiselelwa Ngexesha Lengxamiseko

Urhulumente wesizwe ukhokela imigudu yempilo kawonke-wonke ngeSebe lezempilo nezonyango (HHS), iziko lokuLawula nokuthintela izifo (CDC), kunye neZiko leSizwe lezempilo (NIH), kunye neZiko leSizwe eliphethe izifo (NIH). La masebe aqhuba ukuhlolwa kwezifo, uphando lwezibonelelo zezezezimali, imigaqo yezezamayeza, kwaye agcine iMithelekelelo yeSizwe yeSizwe yonyango. ICDC imisela imilinganiselo yolwazi lwezempilo zoluntu oluchaza kunye nokunxibelelana nokuchaphaza kwizifo ezingquzulane nemigca yesizwe.

Urhulumente kunye namasebe ezempilo asekuhlaleni asebenzisa iinkqubo zempilo kawonke-wonke emhlabeni. Aqhuba amakliniki ezempilo yoluntu, aqhuba uphando ngezifo, afake amaphulo okugoma, ajonge neengozi zemekobume. Ngexesha lesifo se-COVID-19, amaphondo abeke imbopheleleko yokuqala yokuvavanya, ukulandelela, kunye nokusasaza umqhatha-gobo, ngoxa urhulumente walungiselela inkxaso-mali, ukhokelo, kunye nokufumana ii-amayeza kunye nonyango. Isifo esi sibalasemgangathweni sawo onke amaziko oluntu, kuquka imiqobo yokwabelana ngolwazi, iimpendulo eziguquguqukayo, kunye nokungaphicoceki komsebenzi karhulumente.

Ukulawula ulawulo kunye nokusetyenziswa kooGcisa

Oorhulumente banegunya lokugunyazisa oogqirha, kuquka oogqirha, oogqirha, oogqirha, abathathi-nxaxheba kunye nabasebenzi bezonyango abangamanye. Iibhodi zezonyango ziphanda izikhalazo, imigaqo yokunyanzelisa imigaqo yokuqhelisela, kwaye zimisela imigaqo yokuqeqesha xa kuyimfuneko. Urhulumente wengingqi wenza indima exhasayo ngokumisela imilinganiselo yokhuseleko kwizibhedlele ezithabatha inxaxheba eMedicare, efuna ukuba bahlangabezane neemeko zokungathathi-nxaxheba kumalungelo omguli, umgangatho wokuhlola, kunye nokulawula usuleleko.

IDrug Enforcement Administration (DEA), umbutho wesizwe, ulawula izinto ezilawulwayo, kuquka ii-opioid zonyango loogqirha. Amazwe aneenkqubo zawo zokuhlola amayeza kagqirha ukunqanda ukuxhatshazwa nokuzinziswa. Esi sakhiwo sokulungelelanisa izinto sidala utshintsho kunye nocelomngeni olubini lokusebenza kwelungu loluntu oluqhubeka luguquka njengeziyobisi ezintsha kunye nenkqubo yonyango.

Ukhuseleko noLawulo lweMfutho-mbini: Umanyano, uRhulumente, kunye noQhagamshelwano

Ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke eUnited States lubandakanya eyona candelo intsonkothileyo nengenamsebenzi kurhulumente worhulumente, wesizwe, nowasekuhlaleni. Ukugcinwa komthetho, ukusabela kwintlekele, ukhuseleko lwelizwe, kunye nokhuseleko loluntu ngamanye abandakanya amaziko ahlukeneyo, amagunya angokwasemthethweni, kunye nemijelo yemali. Le nkqubo yenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mgangatho mnye karhulumente omele ukhusele abemi, kodwa ukunxibelelana kuhlala kuselucelomngeni.

Ukunyanzeliswa Komthetho Nokusesikweni Kwezaphuli - mthetho

Urhulumente kunye namaziko asekuhlaleni alawula ulawulo lwamapolisa eUnited States. Amasebe asekuhlaleni, iiofisi zamapolisa, kunye namasebe alawulayo agunyazisa imithetho yolwaphulo-mthetho, aphendula kunxulumano longxamiseko, ukuqhuba uphando, nokugcina ucwangco kuluntu lwawo. La maziko asebenza phantsi kwelizwe kunye negunya lasekuhlaleni, anezakhiwo zolawulo ezahluka-tshintsha-tshintsha. Amanye amaziko agunya-hlukeneyo, ngoxa amanye exhomekeke kuthungelwano olufanelekileyo lwamaziko azimeleyo amapolisa.

Indima yomthetho womthetho karhulumente worhulumente igxininisa kulwaphulo-mthetho oluchaseneyo nolwaphulo-mthetho oluchaseneyo nolwaphulo-mthetho, amatyala karhulumente, kunye nezisongelo zokhuseleko lwesizwe. I-Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) iphanda ubugrogrisi, ikhompyutha, ulwaphulo-mthetho olulungelelanisiweyo, ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo abantu, kunye nobuqhetseba obukhulu. I-Drugn Inforksion Administration Administration ihlasela ukuthengiswa kweziyobisi kunye nokusasaza imibutho yomthetho. I-ofisi ye-ofisi ye-Dhohobo, i-Fireaktomass, i-Firlosoval (ATFF) inyanisa imithetho karhulumente e-U.

Inkxaso-mali eManyano yeSebe leMicimbi yeSikhundla seSizwe iEdward Byrne Icelation Grant (JAG) kwinkqubo enjenge-Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Imforant (i-RAG) inikela ubuncwane kumaziko omthetho asekuhlaleni alungele ukugcinwa kwezixhobo, uqeqesho, kunye nobugcisa. ISebe leMimiselo leSigwebo likwanikela iinkqubo zobupolisa uluntu, ukunqanda ugonyamelo, kunye neenkonzo zamaxhoba. Le mijelo yenkxaso yemali ivelisa inkqubo yempembelelo karhulumente neyokulawula asekuhlaleni ngaphandle kwegunya elithe ngqo.

Ukulungiselelwa Kwentlekele Nokusabela Ngongxamiseko

I-FEMA ikhokela ukulungiselelwa kwentlekele, ukusabela, kunye nemigudu yokuphucula. I-FEMA iququzelela uncedo lwamazwe xa iintlekele zidlula kumazwe kunye nakumsebenzi wasekuhlaleni, ibonelela ngemali kwimisebenzi yexesha likaxakeka, kwizindlu zokwexeshana, ekulungiseni izibonelelo, kunye noncedo ngamanye amazwe.

Amaziko olawulo lwemeko kaxakeka asebenza njengabaququzeleli abaphambili bempendulo yentlekele kwimida yabo. Abalawuli banegunya lokuvakalisa iimeko zongxamiseko, ukuvuselela uKhuselo lwesizwe, kunye nokucela uncedo lwamagunya karhulumente. Amaziko ongxamiseko alungelelanisa oovimba kwiingingqi ezininzi, ulawulo lwemiyalelo yokufuduswa, kunye nokusasaza izinto. Abaphathi bongxamiseko bazalisekisa iinjongo zokuphendula, ikhusi, kwaye balungelelanisa abaphendula kuqala kumgangatho woluntu.

UMthetho weStafford umisela ummiselo osemthethweni woncedo lwentlekele yelo lizwe, ufuna isicelo solawulo lwequarter kunye nesibhengezo somongameli phambi kokuba uninzi loncedo lukarhulumente lungaqukuqela ukuya kumaphondo. Esi sakhiwo siqinisekisa ukuba sinoxanduva oluyintloko lolawulo longxamiseko ngexa urhulumente wesizwe evumela ukunikezela ngomthamo ophezulu nenkxaso yemali ngexesha leziganeko zentlekele. Inkqubo iye yavavanywa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngemisinga, imililo, izikhukula, kunye nendylitha ye-COVOVID, kunye nezifundo ezikhokelela kwiinguqu-zinzipho eziqhubekayo ekulungiseleleni, ekuphenduleni, nasekulungiseni, nasekulungiseni inkqubo yokuchachezukisiweni.

Ukhuseleko lwelizwe lasekhaya nomda

ISebe loKhuseleko lweHomeland (DHS), eladalwa ngo-2002, laququzelela amasebe amaninzi karhulumente ajolise kukhuseleko lwesizwe, kukhuseleko lomda, kunye nokunyanzeliswa kolawulo lobuhlalo. ICBP. Izithethe kunye nokhuseleko loMda (CBP) zijikeleza imida yelizwe, zihlola imithwalo, kwaye zinyanzelisa imithetho yokufuduka kumazibuko okungena enqanaweni. U.S. I-Immigration kunye ne-CORMUS (IE) ilawula ukunyanzelisa ukuvalela ngaphakathi, kuquka ukuvalelwa nokususwa kwemiqathango. I-Roundation Administration Administration Adminity (TS) ijonge ukukhusela ukuqhuba isikhululo sesikhululo se-A (TSA) kwisikhululo-zwe.

Oorhulumente bale nkonzo benza indima elinganiselweyo kodwa ekhulayo ekunyanzelweni koluntu ngokusebenzisana namagunya aseburhulumenteni. Amanye amaphondo aye amisela imithetho efuna ukuba umthetho wasekuhlaleni usebenze kunye ne-ICE, ngoxa amanye aye amkela iinkqubo zengcwele ezithintela intsebenziswano enjalo. Uxanduva phakathi kwegunya lorhulumente elilawula ukufuduka luye lwabangela ukuba kubekho impikiswano ephawulekayo kunye nemigaqo engokwamandla orhulumente afanelekileyo.

Ukhuseleko Loluntu Neenkonzo zonyango

Ngaphandle kokunyanzeliswa komthetho kunye nokusabela kwintlekele, izibonelelo zokhuseleko ziquka iinkonzo zonyango zongxamiseko (EMS), ukukhusela umlilo, kunye neenkqubo zoncedo loluntu. Ezi nkonzo zilungelelaniswe kakhulu kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni, zinolawulo oluvela kumaqumrhu alawulayo karhulumente amisela imilinganiselo yemisebenzi yeenqwelo-mafutha, isiqinisekiso soncedo-mali, kunye nokulungiselelwa kongxamiseko lwasezibhedlele. Urhulumente uxhasa ezi nkqubo ngenkxaso-mali yezixhobo, uqeqesho, kunye namaziko okulungelelanisa imigaqo-nkqubo.

INational Highway Traffy Safety Administration (NHTSA) imisela imilinganiselo yesizwe yokhuseleko lwe-EMS kwaye inika ukhokelo kwinkqubo yoyilo, ukuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi, kunye nophuhliso lomgangatho. I-Health Resources kunye noLawulo lweeNkonzo lweeNkonzo (HRSA) inika ingcebiso kwiinkonzo zonyango lwasemaphandleni kunye nokuphuhliswa kophuhliso lweziko lobugxwayiba. Amasebe ezonyango e-EMS, alungelelanisa iinkqubo zokuphazamisi, kwaye alawula imithetho yezonyango yexesha likaxakeka.

Ukuxhasa Umatshini Nokukhuthaza Imali

Unxulumano lwemali phakathi korhulumente, urhulumente, kunye norhulumente wasekuhlaleni luxhasa ukunikezelwa kwemfundo, unyango, kunye neenkonzo zokhuseleko. Imali yomanyano kwiimeko neendawo inokubekwa ngokwamaqela, anikele iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo ezineemeko ezineenkcukacha, okanye izibonelelo, ezinika utshintsho oluphangaleleyo. Iinkqubo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo zesizwe, ezifana neMedicaid kunye neSihloko I, zisebenza njengemiqathango emisela iimfuno ezifunekayo ukutshintshisana ngemali.

Urhulumente uxhomekeke kwintsebenziswano yerhafu yengeniso, irhafu, kunye nokufuduswa korhulumente ukuze baxhase iimbopheleleko zabo. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baxhomekeke ngokuyintloko kwirhafu yempahla, eyongezelelwe ngenkxaso yempahla kunye neminikelo karhulumente. Amandla asekuhlaleni ahlukene ngokuphawulekayo, achaphazela amandla abo okuxhasa imfundo, ukhuseleko, kunye nokhuseleko lwemali epheleleyo. Amazwe anengeniso ephezulu kunye nemigangatho ephezulu yerhafu anganikela iinkonzo ezingakumbi, ngoxa intlawulo oluphantsi lusoloko luzama ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezisisiseko zenkxaso karhulumente.

Ingcamango ye-fiscalism ichaza indlela ezi zicwangciso zemali ezidala ngayo izikhuthazo nezithintelo kurhulumente kunye noorhulumente basekuhlaleni. Imali yomanyano ingakhuthaza iimeko ukuba zamkele iinkqubo ezithile, ezinjengokwandisa iMedicaid okanye ukuphakamisa isizukulwana sokusela ngokusemthethweni, ngokudibanisa inkxaso-mali ekuthobeleni. Noko ke, amaphondo angachasa imiyalelo karhulumente akujonga njengengagunyaziswanga okanye engaphaya kokufikelela, nto leyo ekhokelela kwingxoxo eqhubekayo enxulumene nomanyano lwamazwe azimeleyo.

Iingxaki Zomanyano Nolwandiso Lwamaqumrhu

Iimbopheleleko ezilayishwayo zorhulumente besizwe, borhulumente, kunye nobengingqi zivelisa amathuba okusebenzisana kodwa zibangela iingxaki. Ukwahluka kwezopolitiko, ulawulo, kunye nokufumaneka koovimba kusenokukhokelela kwizithuba ekudluliseleni inkonzo, imigaqo eguquguqukayo, kunye nokusebenzisana kwemigaqo-nkqubo yesebe. Ukusebenzisana ngokunempumelelo kufuna unxibelelwano olucacileyo, iinkqubo zogcino-lwazi, ukuthembana, kunye nenkqubo zokucombulula iimpikiswano.

IiNgqungquthela zooGaqo-siseko, njengeZiko loLawulo, iNgqungquthela yeSizwe yoMasipala, neBhunga loOorhulumente beSizwe, zivumela ukuba kubekho ulwabelano kunye nokusebenzisana kweenkqubo kwiimeko qebengwane. Amasebe oManyano ajongana nabameli besizwe kunye nabasemagunyeni xa kusekwa imithetho kunye nokhokelo. Amandla adibeneyo, izivumelwano zocalucalulo, kunye nokunika iimeko uncedo kumsebenzi olungelelanisa umgangatho worhulumente.

Naphezu kwale migaqo, ukungaphumeleli kwentsebenziswano kuseyinto eqhelekileyo. Ukusabela kwiSiphepho uKatrina ngo-2005 kwabhenca ubuthathaka obuphawulekayo kumanyano lommandla wentlalo ngexesha lentlekele. Isifo se-COVID-19 sabonisa izithuba kunxibelelwano lolwazi lwempilo kawonke-wonke, ukungahambelani kokuthunyelwa kwemiyalezo eyahlukeneyo kurhulumente, kunye nokungavumelani ngemithetho elinganayo efana nemiyalelo yokugquma kunye nokuvala ishishini. Ingxaki nganye ivelisa izifundo ezazisa inkqubela-ntlalo kumanyano lwamazwe oluntu, kodwa ukuntlukwano kwenkqubo yesixokelelwano ithetha ukuba iingxaki ziqhubeke zivela.

Umanyano lwezemfundo, unyango, kunye nokhuseleko lwamazwe asekuhlaleni lubonisa isiseko solawulo lwamaMelika. Umgangatho ngamnye karhulumente uzisa amandla ahlukileyo kule misebenzi karhulumente: urhulumente wesizwe unika imilinganiselo yesizwe, inkxaso-mali, kunye namandla okusebenzisana; amarhulumente anika ubuchule, intsebenziswano, nokusabela kwiimeko zasekuhlaleni; kwaye oorhulumente basekuhlaleni banikela iinkonzo ezilungiselelwe iimfuno zoluntu. Ucelomngeni oluqhubekayo kukulungelelanisa ezi misebenzi ngokunempumelelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo inceda bonke abemi ngokulinganayo ngoxa behlala belungelelanisa iimeko ezitshintshiweyo.

Ukufundwa okubhekele phaya kwenkqubo yemfundo yesizwe, tyelela i-website U.S. iSebe lemfundo ye-ESSA iphepha. Inkcazelo epheleleyo kwiMEDIFID kunye nesebe lezonyango lesizwe ikhona nge-[FLT] Medicaid.gov.