Table of Contents
Ukwazisa: Ukutyhila Uyilo Olufihlakeleyo Lobugqwirha
Kwidabi elilinganayo lokulwa nobugrogrisi, iindlela zomthetho eziqhelekileyo zisoloko zingqina zinganele. Iinkqubo zomthetho zobuphekula zisebenza ngokufihlakeleyo, zixhomekeke kwizakhiwo ezifihlakeleyo, kunxibelelwano olufihlakeleyo, kunye neeseli ezihlala ikhompatyutha ukuze ziphephe ukubhaqwa. Ukuphikisana noku, ubulumko kunye nomthetho wamaziko okugunyazisa umthetho ziguqukele kumthombo ongenakubonwa: izibalo zolwalamano lwentlalo. Uhlolo lweNyutha (SNA) luye lwavela njengendlela enzima yokuzobala ulwembutho olusoloko lungabonakali olugcina amaqela abanqolobi. Ngokuhlalutyathe ukuba ngubani onxibelelana naye, olawula ukuquququzelelwa kwemali okanye ulwazi, iSNA yenza ukuba iziphathi-magunya zikwazi ukuchaza ii-lintinp zenethi yoloyiko kunye nezixhoba ezichanazo zotyando.
Eli nqaku linikela uphando olunzulu ngendlela uhlalutyo lwezinethwekhi eziluncedo ngayo ekuphazamiseni iiseli zabanqolobi. Siza kugquma iingcamango ezisisiseko ze-SNA, imilinganiso ekhethekileyo esetyenziswa ukuchaza abadlali abanempembelelo, uphando lokwenyani lwehlabathi, ubugcisa kunye nocelomngeni lwendlela yokuziphatha abajongene nalo, kunye nolwalathiso lwexesha elizayo njengoko kuguquka kwezinto.
Yintoni uhlalutyo lwenethwekhi yokuncokola?
Uhlalutyo lweNtlalo yeNtlalo yeNdlela yokusebenza kunye nendlela esekelwe kwingcamango yegrafu kunye nentlalo ehlolisisa imilinganiselo yolwalamano (i-edges okanye amaqhina) phakathi kwamaqumrhu asekuhlaleni (ii-enode okanye abadlali). Ngokungafaniyo nohlalutyo olungokwesithethe olujolise kwiempawu (inkalo, ubuzwe, ingqiqo), i-SNA iqala ukuthatha ulwazi [[[FLT:] oludityanisela abadlali kunye. Isiseko sikukuba isakhiwo solwalamano siphembelela ngokuphawulekayo ukuziphatha, ukuqukuqela, kunye nesenzo solwazi.
Kumongo wobugrogrisi, ii-node zingamela umntu ngamnye, iiseli, ii-akhawunti zemali, okanye kwaneendawo eziphathekayo. Amaqhina anokuba ziziganeko zonxibelelwano (umnxeba wefowuni, ii-imeyili, imiyalezo efihliweyo), ukuhamba ngeenqanawa, amaqhina olwalamano, izabelo zoqeqesho, okanye ukuthengiswa ngemali. Ngokwakha nokuhlalutya ezo nkqubo, abahlalutyi abanolwazi ngemisebenzi engacacanga ekuxilongweni okungaphezulu.
Esi senzo saqala kwiminyaka yee1970 kunye neyowe-1980, xa izazi ngentlalo-ntle njengoStanley Milgram kunye noMark Granoveter zavelisa iingcamango zenethwekhi ezifana “amaqondo amathandathu okwahlukana” kunye“ namandla amaqhina abuthathaka. Kodwa ke, emva kwexesha le-9/11 kwaqhambuka umdla wokusebenzisa i-SNA ekuchaseni ubuphekula, ngokuphawulekayo ngomsebenzi wezifundo ezifana noValdis Krebs kunye ne-RAND Corporation. Namhlanje, i-SNA iyinxalenye engundoqo yoqhagamshelwano lobuntlola kunye nomkhosi obudityanileyo bobuGrogrisi jikelele ehlabathini lonke.
Amaziko angundoqo kuhlalutyo lwenethwekhi yentlalo ukwenzela ubugrogrisi
Amanyathelo oMgangatho
Ezinazo izixhobo ezinamandla kwi-SNA sixhobo zi-metrics eziphakathi, ezilinganisela ukubaluleka kwendibano-malungu kuthungelwano. Analysts zisebenzisa imilinganiselo emininzi esebenzisanayo kumaxhoba e-triage:
- Iqondo lobundidi: Inani loqhagamshelwano oluthe ngqo lwendibano-malungu. Kumsebenzi womnatha woloyiko, iqondo eliphezulu linokubonisa ijoni okanye i-cell eyaziyo amajoni amaninzi ahamba ngeenyawo. Noko ke, iinode eziphezulu zedesi zikwaye zibhenqwe kakhulu kwaye zingabikelwa ngabom ngentlalonye yenethwekhi.
- Phakathi kobuphakathi: Ilinganisa ukuba indibano-malungu ihlala kangaphi kwindlela emfutshane phakathi kwezinye iindibano-malungu. Nodes ephezulu phakathi esebenza njengebrorho okanye abagcini bamasango. Ukususwa kwayo kungaqhekeza uthungelwano, oludinisayo kunye nolwamkelo. Ezi zizinto ezisoloko zijoliseko olubalulekileyo.
- [[FLT: 0] Ukuvaleka okuphakathi: Ibonisa indlela indibano-malungu enokufikelela ngokukhawuleza ngayo bonke abanye kumsebenzi womnatha. Indibano-malungu ephezulu ingasasaza ulwazi okanye imiyalelo ngokunempumelelo. Abadlali abanjalo bangaba ngabaphathi-mikhosi okanye abacebi bomsebenzi.
- [[FLT: 0] I-Eigenvector Motial: Umlinganiselo othe kratya oqwalaseleka hayi nje ukuba lungaphi uqhagamshelwano lwendibano-malungu, kodwa ukuba abamelwane bayo badityaniswe kakuhle kangakanani. Indibano-malungu edityaniswe kwezinye iindibano-malungu ezisembindini enempembelelo enkulu. Oku kuluncedo ukuphawula iinkokeli ezifihliweyo ezinokuba azinazo iintambo ezininzi ezithe ngqo kodwa zifakwe kwisangqa sokhokelo.
Imingxuma Yezakhiwo Nezitore
Enye ingcamango enzima yi eyahlulayo umngxuma we- `isithuba phakathi kwemibhobho emibini yenethwekhi engadityaniyo ngqo. Umntu odibanayo nomngxuma (umchasi) unamandla abalulekileyo phezu koqukuqelo lolwazi kunye nezibonelelo. Kwimijelo yamaphekula, abaphuli basoloko bephatha ii-logistiki, ukubhalisa kwimimandla, okanye ukudibanisa nabaxhasi bangaphandle. Ukwahlula nokungathabathi calathisi aba bayakwazi ukuhlukanisa iiseli nokuphazamisa imixokelelwano yokunikezela.
Uxinano lwenethwekhi kunye nokudityaniswa
Oku kuhlola kwakhona iimpawu zenethwekhi jikelele. [Umlinganiselo woqhagamshelwano olunokwenzeka olukhoyo] ubonisa indlela yokudibanisa iseli. Ii-nethwekhi ze-Dense kunzima ngayo ukungena kodwa lula ukuphazamisa ngokukhupha amalungu angaphakathi. Ii-grometer ezine-dentifish-edentifish kodwa eziphezulu zingaqina kakhulu, zikwazi ukutshintsha ngokulungisa ngokuphinda ibhulorho enyho. Ukuqonda uxinano lweziko kunceda abameli bagqibe phakathi kwecebo lokukhupha iifayile eziphezulu (Thintelisa iinkokeli eziphezulu) kunye nezicwangciso zokwahlulwa (ukuphazamisa unxibelelwano olubanzi).
Indlela Iiseli Ezitshabalalisa Ngayo Abanqolobi
Ukusetyenziswa kweSNA kwi-SNA ekuphikisaneni nobuphekula asiyondlela yokuzilolonga ethethwayo, kodwa ayisetyenziswa kumsebenzi ophilayo ukukhokela ukhangelo, ukubanjwa, kwanomsebenzi wengqondo. Ngasezantsi ziindlela eziphambili zokunceda i-SNA ekuphazamiseni.
Ukubona Iinkokeli Eziphambili Neenkqubo Zonxibelelwano
Ubulumko besithethe bungamqaphela umlawuli ozibizayo ukuba uhamba ngemposiso ethintelweyo okanye amakhonkco adlulileyo. I-SNA inika uhlolo oluququzelelayo. Ngokuzoba zonke iingxelo zonxibelelwano kukrokrela owaziwayo, abahlalutyi bangabala ukuba i-metrics ezisembindini kwaye basoloko befumanisa ukuba eyona inompembelelo enkulu ayibo ubuso babantu kodwa yimfamathelisi ethe cwaka. Umzekelo, kwimeko ka 2008 yeMumbai, uhlalutyo lwangaphambili lwabonisa ukuba umphathi osebenzayo ngaphandle konxweme (owayelathisa abahlaseli ngefowuni ehamba ngefowuni) unobungozi obuphezulu kakhulu phakathi kweqela kodwa umevaneno egxekayo ukuba angene.
Ukufumana Iiseli Neengqele Ezifihlakeleyo
Xa umnqolobi owaziwayo ebanjwa, amanani abo abathinjwayo , iidilesi, iingxelo ze-imeyili, iingxelo zezentlalo-mbini-mbini, bhala imbewu yembewu ecwangcisiweyo. I-SNA algorithm ingenza isalathisi esinxulumeneyo, icebisa abanye abantu abanokudityaniswa kwanokuba ubungqina obungqalileyo abukho. Kumsebenzi omnye kuMzantsi-Asia, abasemagunyeni basebenzisa i-SNA kuluhlu loqhagamshelwano lweposi enye ebanjwayo ukutyhila iseli esele engazange ingasebenzi kade kade kangangonyaka. Uhlazihlolo lwenethwele yabonisa ukuba iseli ifumana ukhokelo olulula ngemiculubini ye-intermedia.
Iindlela Zokubhuntshisa Nemali
Imali kunye nesixhobo sokusebenza esidityanisiweyo kufuneka ziphumele kwinethwekhi. Ngokuzoba intengiselwano zemali (ezibini ezisesikweni nezingacwangciswanga, njenge-hawala), i-SNA ingachaza iinode ezibaluleke kakhulu ekushenxiseni imali. Ukususa ezi node zemali kungafakela iseli yezixhobo. Ngokufanayo, iinkqubo zokuhamba-hamba-hamba-hamba-hamba-hamba-hamba--hamba-hamba-hamba-hamba , iibhokisi zencwadi ezikhaphulula, ezinqamlezayo ezisebenzisa imoto. "iiiiiii-atrun's ziqwalaselwe ukuchaza abantu abaqhuba inqwelo-moya. EAfrika, iyunithi ye-trakitharitysssssssssss irreaterrorfy ehambayo yeqela le-mintene, ikhokelela kungxulungcelo oluninzi lokubanjwayo oludityatyaniswe kakhulu.
Ukuxela Ikamva Lezinto ezijoliswe kuzo kunye nobuchule bohlaselo
SNA ingasetyenziswa ekuchazeni isongelo. Ukuba iseli eyaziwayo yenza ulwalamano olutsha nabantu abanobuchule kwithambeka elithile ``umzekelo, umatshini wokudubula, i-avions, okanye ukuhamba ngenqanawa' elwandle --nalysts ziyakwazi ukuchaza indlela enokwenzeka yokusebenza okuzayo. Kwenye imeko ebhaliweyo, abaphengululi baseYurophu baphawula ulwando lwezinxulumani ezikhawulezileyo phakathi komntu orhanelwayo nomntu oqeqeshelwe isikolo sokubhabha; lo mzekelo, udityaniswe nomnye ubuchule, ukhokelela ekunikezeleni uphando oluthiweyo oluthi qhushumbisa uhlaselo lwenqwelo moya.
Uxinzelelo lwenethwekhi
Ngaphandle kokubanjwa ngqo, i-SNA ingazisa imisebenzi yolwazi elungiselelwe ukuhlwayela ukungathembani phakathi konxibelelwano lwabanqolobi. Ngokuqonda ukuba ziziphi ii-node ezibalulekileyo kodwa zinokuthenjwa kancinci (umz., iingxwabangxwaba okanye izahlulo zeengcamango), amagunya anokutyala iimpazamo ezicebisa ukuba enye i-node ibe yisazisi. Ukukrokrela okubangelwa koku kunokubangela ukuba uthungelwano lukhuphe okanye lukhuphe amalungu alo angundoqo, ngokunempumelelo lucoceke ngaphakathi.
Uhlolo lwetyala: Uhlalutyo lwenethwekhi yentlalo luyasebenza
Ukuhlaselwa YiMumbai Ngowama - 2008
Ukuhlasela iMumbai (26/11) kwanikela umboniso wencwadi esetyenziswayo wegunya le-SNA. Abaphandi baseIndiya yaye kamva abahlalutyi behlabathi baphinda bawaphinda bawakha kwakhona lo thungelwano kwiingxelo zesandi (CDRs), ii-awugno zesetellite, kunye needilesi ze-IP. Iseli equke abakhombayo ePakistan, abahlaseli abasemhlabeni, kunye nabahlaseli basekuhlaleni. i-SNA yabonisa ukuba igosa, iZaki-Rehman-Lakhvi (usebenzisa igama lekhowudi elinguKakali"), yayinothe phithi-kali ephakathi: yayiyinombophele ephakathi kweqela elingaziwayo: yayiyintlalo edityaniswe kanye kunye nenkokeli yohlaselo (Ajamsbab) kuphela, abalawuli belizwe elingumqhubi-mthetho-politibe. Kwathi, kwathi kwathiwa kwabene ulawulo lwesibini lwemivuvuvu lencwadi ekwane (irrid) bance (irrid) bance ingcali begneegne.
uhlalutyo lombutho wendlela zenethwekhi ezisekelwe kwi Mumbai lubalaselisa indlela i-SNA eyajika ngayo i-metadata ekrwada yaba bukrelekrele obunokusebenza.
Uthungelwano lwe-Hijacker
Emva kokuhlasela ngoSeptemba 11, 2001, uValdis Krebs wapapasha imaphu yenethwekhi yabaphangi abali-19 kunye nocedo lwabo. Ukusebenzisa idata ekhoyo ekuhleni (izikolo ezincinci, ukuthengiselwana ngamakhadi okuthenga ngetyala, iKrebs yabonisa ukuba inenethwekhi “encinci”. Iindibano-enkqubo zezakhiwo. Ii-Dinkode ezingundoqo ezifana noMohamed Atta zazinomgangatho ophezulu kwaye phakathi kombindi, kodwa eyona iphakathi kwazo zonke yayingeyombaleki kodwa iso sisixhobo esixhasayo esibizwa ngokuba yiRamzi Binaldshih. Ubhilashih (waye wabanjwa e-Afghanistan ngo-20022) ngokunempumelelo yatshabalalisa unxibelelwano phakathi kwabaphangi kunye nokhokelo. Umzekelo okhutshwayo SNA umqondiso obebekileyo othe nomgangatho ophezulu
Ukungahoywa kwenethwekhi yemisebenzi yangaphandle (204-2017)
Ilizwe lamaSilamsi (ISIS) lixhomekeke kakhulu kuthungelwano lwabalweli bangaphandle kunye neeseli zangaphandle. I-SNA yasetyenziswa kakhulu ziinkonzo zomkhosi womkhosi we-US 714 kunye neenkonzo zobuntlola ezidibeneyo. Ngokwenza ii-metalysts zakhiwe kwizixhobo ze-media-media ezibanjiweyo, ii-apps (i-AssApp), kwaye zisuka kwimali. Impumelelo ephawulekayo yaba kukuphawulwa komnathatho womnatha ojongeneno ojongene kuhlaselo lwangoNovemba 2015 iParis. Ngokuhlola phakathi kweseli yohlaselo eFransi kunye nee-nodes eSyria, aphengulula afumana ikhowudi engundoqo ye-facillitator-khowudi “Ahmad." Isiphakathi sengxelo yakhe yavunyelwa ukuba ichaze indawo yakhe eRaqa, ikhokelele kwi-drumpyumpe yangaphandle yelizwe langaphandle kwelizwe langaphandle lenqanawa yangaphandle lenqanawa yangaphandle eSrak.
Ucelomngeni kunye nokusikelwa umda kohlalutyo lwenethwekhi kwi-Trorrism ephikisayo
Phezu kwayo nje impumelelo yayo, iSNA ayiyombumbulu yesilivere. Ibala lijongene nobugcisa obuninzi, ukusebenza, nemiqobo yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha.
Ugcino-lwazi oluGqityiweyo noluPhazamisayo
Iziphumo zeSNA zisebenza kuphela njengokuba ugcino-lwazi lufakwa ngaphakathi. Ngokuchaseneyo, iinkqubo zobuphekula zisebenza ngabom ngezithuba ezinkulu zogcino-lwazi: zisebenzisa ubusela, ukwenziwa kwekhompathimenti, kunye ne-MPASI engachananga. Ngokufuthi iqhekeza nje kuphela lenethwekhi liyabonakala. I-data engagqibekanga ingakhupha uxhathiso olulahlekisayo oluphakathi---athode olubonakala lungaqwalaselwanga. Ngokuphikisanayo, “imposiso” kuqhakamshelwano olungenatyala lungaphazamisa abahlalutyisi. Ukukhetha uphawu olusuka kwingxolo kufuna ukhunyulo oluphambili, ngokufuthi ngokudibanisa i-SNA nezinye imiyalelo yobulumko.
Ulungiso lwenethwekhi neyokulungisa
Iinethwekhi zobugrogrisi azimi ndawonye. Xa amalungu esazi ukuba zikhokelwe, atshintsha iindlela zonxibelelwano, atshintshe amaqonga, okanye amaqhina aqhawukileyo. I-SNA inika umzobo okhawulezayo, kodwa uthungelwano lusoloko lusebenza. Ngoko ke unyanzelo lomthetho kufuneka lugcine isantya ngohlalutyo olunamandla lwenethwekhi, ezinjani ezitshintsha ixesha. Noko ke, uhlalutyo lokwenene lwexesha lunzulu kakhulu kwaye lufuna unikezelo oluphilayo kwimijelo yogcino-data.
Uguqulelo kunye noKhuseleko olusebenzayo
Ukusetyenziswa kombhalo ofihlakeleyo wesiphelo-siya ekupheleni (umqondiso, iTelegram) iye yalonakalisa kakhulu incoko yemfihlo, i-AwasApp. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, imetadata ezimninzi (ezibizwa ngokuba zini naxa zithe zathi zathi zafika) kwakulula ukuvuna. Namhlanje, abagrogrisi banokusebenza ngokukhowuda okunamandla, bashiye kuphela imikhondo emincinane ehamba nocingo. I-SNA isenokusetyenziswa ku-metadata, kodwa ubutyebi bokuqulungiso lwezinto eziquluniweyo (ezisoloko zilahlekile.). Amanye amaqela akwamkele “ukukhuselwa kokungaqondiyo ngokomlomo"": awasebenzisi umjelo omnye wonxibelelwano kabini, anikezela ngokunzima kakhulu.
Iinqobo ezisemthethweni nezifanelekileyo
Ukuqokelela ugcino-lwazi kubantu ngabanye ukuze bahlolwe kwinethwekhi kunyusa iingxalabo ezinzulu zobuqu kunye nenkululeko yabemi. Ingqokelela yeerekhodi zemfonomfono, ii-meta-mfono-mfono-mfono, okanye ugcino-lwazi lwemali ingakhukulisela inani elikhulu labantu abamsulwa. E-United States, inkqubo ye-NSA's imida emininzi yemida enzima (egunyaziswe nguEdwa nguEdwa Snowden) yabangela ingxoxo enzulu kunye notshintsho olulandelayo oluyayo oludlula kwiUSA INFUS. UAlyst kufuneka aququluke uninzi lwemithetho: kumazwe akwidemokhrasi, abanako ukubamba umntu ngenxa yokuba nombindi obudemo-mnt kungekho bungqina bolwaphulo-mthetho. I-SNA isisixhobo sokuphengulula uphanda phambili ngaphambi kokuba kuphendulwe, hayi ngenxa yetyala.
Inkohliso nenkohliso ephikisayo
Amaqela abanqolobi achukumiseke kakuhle ayazi ubuchule be-SNA kwaye angazama ukukhohlisa abahlalutyi. Bangatyala amaqhina obuxoki, bavelise ii-node zedummy (ii-akhawunti zomchako), okanye ngabom banike iindima zonxibelelwano ukusetyenziswa kwamalungu ngeli lixa bekhusela iinkokeli zokwenene. Ukuba abahlalutyi benza impazamo ngezi zidelelo zexabiso eliphezulu, bangazichitha ubuncwane okanye, banokuthi bahlekeze imisebenzi yokwenene. Ukulinganisa isakhiwo sonxibelelwano lokwenene kwimiqondiso ekhohlisayo kufuna ulwazi olunzulu nophandleko olunqamlezileyo lobulumko bomntu (UMIT) kwaye babonise ubukrelekrele (SINT).
Ukucinga Ngezinto Ezibalulekileyo Nezobumfiliba
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-SNA ekulweleni ubuphekula kufuneka kulungelelaniswe nxamnye nobungozi bokuchasana namalungelo asisiseko. Abahlalutyi bathi uhlalutyo lwenethwekhi ludala imeko yokuhlola apho uqhagamshelwano ngalunye loluntu lunokuhlolisiswa khona. Kwimimandla emininzi, imithetho ifuna umlinganiso olindelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba kuqwalaselwe umntu. Kodwa amandla e-SNA alele ekucebiseni amakhonkco angekaxhaswa bubungqina bolwaphulo-mthetho. Olu xinezelelelo luqatha ngakumbi xa kuqwalaselwa iqonga lonxibelelwano lwezentlalo; uluhlu lomhlobo okrokredelayo lungaqukethel'uninzi lwabantu abangakhange benze ulwaphulo-mthetho.
Ukuze kuncitshiswe ezi ngozi, amaqumrhu obuchule aphuhlise iinkqubo zobugocigoci, ezifana nokufuna abahlalutyi abaninzi abazimeleyo ukuqinisekisa ukufunyanwa kwenethwekhi ngaphambi kokuba benze okuthile. Ezinye iinguqu, ezifana neBhodi ye-mfihlo ne-Civil Liberties Oversiples e-US, ngoku ziyalela ukuba iinkqubo zohlalutyo lwenethwelo zihambele ngamaxesha athile. Umgaqo ongundoqo ngowokuba i-SNA ifanele isetyenziswe ukuvelisa isikhokelo, ingathetheleli ukubanjwa okanye ukungqinela ngaphandle kokungqina ubungqina.
Kwingxubusho enzulu ngemilinganiselo yokuziphatha yenethwekhi yokuhlola, i-Electronic Foundation's short kwi-nethwekhi yokujonga intlalo-ntle inika imbono elungeleleneyo yezorhwebo.
Icala lexesha elizayo: Isizukulwana esilandelayo se-Trorism SNA
Njengokuba ubugcisa buhambela phambili, ne-SNA inokuba negalelo elininzi elivelayo liza kuyila ubuphekula obuchasene nolwaphulo-mthetho kweli shumi leminyaka lizayo.
Ukuhambelana nokufunda umatshini kunye ne-Al
Ii-algorithm zokufunda umatshini zisetyenziswa ngokuqhubekayo ekufumaneni umlinganiselo ozenzekelayo kugcino-lwazi lonxibelelwano olukhulu. Iimodeli ezinzulu ezifundayo zingabona iipateni zeqhina elingabonakaliyo ezibonisa ukwakhiwa kweseli entsha (naphambi kokuba nabani na kwinethwekhi abenengxelo eyaziwayo. Ii-nethwekhi zegrafu (GNN) zithembisa ngokukhethekileyo: zingafunda kuyo yonke inkcubeko yothungelwano lonxibelelwano ukuqikelela ukuba ngaluphi indibano-malungu ezakuba ngabadlali bexesha elizayo. Ezi zimodeli zingabona kwakhona iinkqubo ezigqumanisa iinkqubo ezigqumathelisayo ezithi ngabom ziphephe uqhagamshelwano oluthe ngqo phakathi kwabadlali.
Uhlalutyo lwenethwekhi olunamandla lwexesha lokwenene
Injongo kukusuka kwimifanekiso emileyo ukuya kuhlolo. Amanye amaqonga obulumko sele efunxe ugcino-lwazi kwizixhobo ezihamba kunye nezixhobo zokunxibelelana nabantu abanobudlelane kufuphi nexesha lokwenene, iimaphu zenethwekhi zokuhlaziya njengoko iziganeko zityhilwa. Oku kuvumela abahlalutyi babone xa iseli iqokelela (umz., isikhonkwane sequmrhu phakathi kwabantu abangakhange badityaniswe ngaphambili, kwaye balumke iiyunithi zokusebenza phambi kokuba uhlaselo luvele. Ukukhutshwa kwesi sixhobo sobugcisa sihlala silucelomngeni olukhulu, kodwa iinkqubo zomqhubi zikho kumazwe amaninzi.
Uphazamiso lwenethwekhi
Isixokelelwano se-SNA sexesha elizayo siza kudibanisa ugcino-lwazi kwimimandla emininzi , inkxaso-mali, ingeniso, i-meter, i-meter, izivamvo zondla (umz., ulwaluko lobuso ekunqumleni umda) . . “Uthungelwano lwendalo-wonke” lungavumela abahlalutyi ukuba balandele umzila wemali kumazwe ngamazwe, babone intsebenziswano erhanelekayo, kwaye baphawule utshintsho kwisimilo sonxibelelwano olukhoyo. Amaziko e-Fusion anjenge-FBI’s Terrericcist Scrifing Center sele ehamba kule ndlela, nangona i-mficile ekufuneka akhiwe kwisakhiwo sasekuqaleni.
Ukufuzisela ukubuyiselwa komsebenzi womnatha
Kunokuba baphawule nje iinode ezingundoqo, abahlalutyi bazakusebenzisa i-SNA ukufuzisela indlela uthungelwano lwabagrogrisi oluya kutshintsha ngayo emva kokubetha. Iimfaniso zingavavanya iimeko ezahlukeneyo zongenelelo: Ukuba sisusa uNode A, siza kuthatha indawo yenethwekhi? Ingaba ulwahlulo lwenethwekhi okanye luza kuba phakathi? Ngokuqonda iimpawu zokuzinzisa kwakhona, abachopheli bangakhetha ulandelelwano lwemisebenzi elwandisa ukuphazamiseka kwexesha elide ngelixa behlisa ukudubuzisa ukuvuthela kwempuza (njengokuthi wenze uthungelwano oluneno olunefuthe ncam).
Isiphelo
Uhlalutyo lweNtlalo-ntle luyiguqule indlela abaququzeleli bobukrelekrele nabanyanzelisa umthetho abayiqonda ngayo kwaye bayilwa ngayo imibutho yabanqolobi. Ngokutshintsha iliso kumntu ngamnye ukuya kulwalamano oluphakathi kwabo, i-SNA ityhila izakhiwo ezinokuxhatshazwa ngokutshayelwa (ukungasuswa kwesixhobo esibalulekileyo, ukususwa kwesiseko, okanye ukuhlwayelwa kokungathembani phakathi kwamalungu. Uphando lwe-Mumbai, 9/11, kunye ne-ISSIS lubonisa ukuba i-S ayiyo nje i-sna asiyo nje imfuno yemfundo kodwa sisixhobo esisebenzayo.
Kanti amandla e-SNA anezixanduva ezinzulu. Iindawo zogcino-lwazi, abachasi abalungelelanisi, ukuvulwa kombhalo ofihlakeleyo, kunye nezithintelo ezisesikweni zonke iindawo ezikhoyo kokunokuphunyezwa. Njengokuba umhlaba utshintsha ngokunxulumene kwe-IA, ixesha lokwenene lokudibana kwe-alytics, kunye nokunqamleza i--dromat-mstyle zolu qhagamshelwano zingatyhalelwa phambili, kodwa ucelomngeni olungundoqo lusashiyeka: ukuguqula ugcino-lwazi lwezinethwekhitshane lube lubenekusebenza ngaphandle kokwenza ulawulo-melo-mfono oluthengwa ukukhusela. Kwizifundiswa kwe-injini, uphatho lwentlalo-ntle ayisazenzi, lungasafuneki; lusohlwayo kumzamo oqhubekayo wokukhusela ugrogrino olukhoyo kwisongelo lobugrogrisi.