Isiseko Segunya Lezobupolitika

Unyulo lwengingqi lumisela abasemagunyeni abasenza izigqibo malunga nokuhlala, ukuxhasa isikolo, ukuxhasa imicimbi yamapolisa, kunye nempilo kawonke-wonke. Ezi zigqibo zibumba ubomi bemihla ngemihla ngqo kunemithetho emininzi karhulumente, kodwa umvoti usoloko engaphantsi kwama-25% eUnited States. Iziphumo zolonyulo zibangela ukuba kubekho impembelelo engaphaya kweholo yesixeko, iphembelela imigangatho yesizwe, izinto eziphambili zemithetho, kunye nequmrhu labazameli abaza kufikelela kwizikhundla eziphezulu.

Xa abavoti bengaluhoyi unyulo lwasekuhlaleni, baphoswa lithuba elibalulekileyo lokubumba umbhobho wezopolitiko. Isihlalo sebhunga okanye iofisi yedolophu ingasebenza njengebhodi yokundulula izikhundla zikarhulumente kunye norhulumente. NgokweNational League of Cities, ngaphezu kwama-40% ee-U.S. Abaphathi-majoni ababekade besebenza kurhulumente wasekuhlaleni. Le ndlela ithetha ukuba amaxabiso, imigaqo, kunye neenkqubo ezakhiwe kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni ekugqibeleni zifudukela eWashington, D.C. Ukuqonda olu nxulumano lubalulekile kuye nabani na ofuna ukuqonda amandla apheleleyo ezobupolitika baseMerika.

Impembelelo ihamba kuzo zombini iindlela. Intsingiselo yezobupolitika yesizwe kunye neenkqubo zenkxaso-mali zingena ngokukhulayo kwimilo yasekuhlaleni. Iikomiti zamaqela esizwe kunye nee-PAC ezinkulu ngoku zichitha izigidi kwimiba yeklati yesikolo nezihlalo zomamkeli, ziqonda ukuba ezi ntlanga zinokuba zizikhundla zokuvavanya ukhuphiswano kunye nokhuphiswano. Oku kunqumla ungcoliso kuthetha ukuba unyulo lwasekuhlaleni kwidolophu encinane lunganika imiqondiso yokuqala yokulumkisa utshintsho lohlanga.

Ukuzibandakanya nokulungisa inkqubo

Unyulo lwengingqi lolona lufikelelekayo ukuze abantu bathabathe inxaxheba. Iintlanganiso zeholo yedolophana azifuni kucwethezwa, yaye abatshayeli abatshabhisi badla ngokunkqonkqoza ngokobuqu ezindlwini. Oku kunxulumana kukhuthaza uhlobo lokuganana olwakha ukuthembana kwimigangatho yedemokhrasi. Uphando lwe-Hynight Foundation olungendlela yokuthembana kwebutho labantu lubonisa ukuba abemi abavota kunyulo lwengi esekuhlaleni basenokuba ngama-50% banokukholelwa ngakumbi kwimicimbi yabo yokuvota kumgangatho wesizwe, besenza inyathelo elikhuthaza idemokhrasi.

Ukusungulwa kwenkqubo yomthetho kudla ngokuqala kwiiholo zesixeko nakwizakhiwo zolawulo zamaphondo. Izixeko ezifana nePortland, e-Oregon, zoovulindlela kwimida yokwanda kwedolophu, ingcamango eyamkelwa kamva ngabameli bengingqi bokucwangcisa ingingqi kwaye yaxutyushwa kwiindleko zezothutho zemali. Imigaqo yesakhiwo sengcwele seSan Francisco yaphembelela impikiswano yokunyanzeliswa kwemibutho yabahlali ehlala abantu e-matilorheni. Inkqubo yebhanki yase-Cleveland yaba yindlela yezonyango lwasemva kwe-Roxter Belt. Le mizekelo ibonisa ukuba uvavanyo lwasekuhlaleni lwendawo yezoshishino-odulanti yesizwe.

  • Ukuzonga utshintsho: iMineapolis yaba sisixeko sokuqala esikhulu sase-U.S. sokuphelisa isakhiwo sendlu enye ngo-2018, inkqubo ngoku exutyushwa kwiindlu zowiso-mthetho zelizwe lonke.
  • Intlawulo yomgangatho ophantsi yanda: umthetho we-Attle womvuzo onciphileyo we-R120 wabangela iliza lemithetho efanayo ezixekweni nasemazweni, ekugqibeleni ixoxoxa incoko yesizwe kwinkqubo yobhatalo.
  • Utshintsho lweProce: lwasekuhlaleni lwebhodi zohlolo nokusetyenziswa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yonyanzelo kwizixeko ezifana neCamden, New Jersey, neLos Angeles luye lwazisa umthetho wezwe ofana nomthetho kaGeorge Floyd Justice kwiPolicing Act.

Olu phuhliso luphumelele okanye lusilele kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni, lunika iinkokeli zesizwe ugcino-lwazi oluxabisekileyo kunye nesigqumo sezobupolitika. Xa inkqubo isebenza kwisixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo, kuba lula ngabenzi bomthetho besizwe ukuba baphikisane ngokumkelwa kwayo ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Ngokuchasene noko, ukungaphumeleli okubonakalayo kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni kungabulala amandla enkqubo yesizwe ngaphambi kokuba ifikelele kwikomiti yembutho.

Iphulo Lezobupolitika: Ukusuka KwiHolo Yesixeko Ukuya Kwinduli YaseCapitol

Ileli yomsebenzi ukusuka kwiofisi yasekuhlaleni ukuya kudumo lwesizwe ibhalwe kakuhle. Oomongameli uFranklin D. Roosevelt, Lyndon B. Johnson, noJoe Biden bonke baqalisa imisebenzi yabo yezopolitiko kwiindawo zasekuhlaleni. KwiKhomishini yangoku, malunga nama-60% abameli abakhonza kwiindlu zowiso-mthetho, kunye nenani elibalulekileyo elibanjwe phambi koko. Le micimbi ithengiselwa phambili ngenxa yokuba idala iqumrhu lezobupolitika elinamava angqalileyo elawula uhlahlo-mali lwemeko lokwenene, kwaye iphendula kwiimeko zongxamiselo lwasekuhlaleni.

Amaqela ezobupolitika esizwe afaka imali eninzi ekubhalisweni kwe-odoli yasekuhlaleni ngenxa yesi sizathu. Ibheji eyomeleleyo yamagosa asekuhlaleni inika umbhobho wemibutho yezomkhosi kunye ne-gubernarian. IKomiti yeSimi se-Democratic Legastilative yeKhampani yePhondo kunye neKomiti yeRiphabliki yoLawulo lweRiphabliki ichitha amashumi ezigidi ezigidi umjikelo ngamnye ukukhuthaza abathathi-nxaxheba kumgangatho wesizwe, isazi ukuba aba bantu baza kuba liziko lokungenela isebe eliphezulu kwiminyaka elandelayo.

Unyulo lwaphakathi kwexesha lonyaka wama-2010 lubonisa oku kusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo. IiRiphabliki zafumana izihlalo zesizwe ezingaphezu kwama-680 zaza zalawula izindlu zowiso-mthetho ezingama-26 emva kolo nyulo. Eli liza lavelisa isizukulwana esitsha seenkokeli ezaya kuqhuba iBhunga leNdlu yaseRiphabliki ngo-2010 neNdlu yeNdlu yeeNtlanganiso yowama-2014. Iziphumo zonyulo lwasekuhlaleni azizange zibonise nje ukuba nemvakalelo kwesizwe.

Ukurhoxa kweQela nakuMdla weSizwe

Iziphumo zonyulo lwengingqi ezithetha ngetyala labavoti kwaye ngowuphi umdlalo weqela ophambili. Emva konyulo lwequmrhu lesikolo lwe-2021, iimpumelelo zeRiphabliki kwimimandla yeedolophu zabonisa ixhala elikhulayo labazali malunga nenkqubo yemfundo, umxholo owalawula ama-2022 phakathi kwexesha lama-202. Ngokufanayo, iDemocratic movectory kwiKhomishini ye-Sun Belt yommandla wama-2023 icebisa ngokutshintsha kwenani lamanani ekwanokuphinda kunyuke i-rea desidential davial planpresition.

Ezi miqondiso zivumela amaqela esizwe ukuba alungelelanise ulwabelo lwawo lokuthumela kunye nolwabelo lwezibonelelo. Ngoku iKomiti yeDemocratic National Committee iqeqesha iibhodi zesikolo njengesibonisi esikhokelayo somvoti wedolophana. IKomiti yeRepublicaan National isebenzisa iziphumo zonyulo lomgangatho wengingqi ukuchonga iindawo apho abathathi-nxaxheba banokutsala khona banyukele ukhuphiswano lwamazwe athe qeleleneyo. Le ndlela yogcino-data-Diacracta iguqula imijaho yasekuhlaleni ibe ngumqobo welizwe lonke.

Ukutshintsha amandla eqela kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni kungadala i-eterentia. Iqela elilawula iiholo zesixeko neebhodi zamangingqi iminyaka elishumi lingayifaka inkqubo yalo, liphembelela izifundo zesikolo, lize liyibumbe inkqubo yezoqoqosho yasekuhlaleni ngendlela eziqhubeka nasemva kokutshintsha kwemimoya yesizwe yezobupolitika. Le mpembelelo ende yexesha ibangelwa kukuba unyulo lwasekuhlaleni luba nempembelelo enzima kumacebo enkqubo entlalo-ntle enjengeBhunga leMelika Legastis Active Exchange (ALC) kunye neqela elinenkqubela phambili le-Indipedificity.

Isifundo Setyala: IHolo Yabathunywa EVirginia Yowe - 2017

IRegion House of Baventiers yowama-2017 yathatha unyulo lweDemocrates ethatha izihlalo ezili-15, iphosa igumbi ukusuka kuma-66-344 eRiphabliki ukuya kutsho kuma-51-49 ahlukeneyo. Oku kutshintsha akuzange kwenzeke kwikhamandela. Kwabonisa ukuba igophe elikwizitrafiki elichasene noMongameli Donald Trump's kwaye kwafaka ucripttsha igaza elitsha labathamkeli beDemocratic , abaninzi babo babengamabhinqa nabantu abanemibala ebaleka kwiofisi yelizwe okokuqala. Iziphumo zangoko zabangela ukuba incoko yamazwe amalunga nophakathi konyaka wama-2018, iphawu lokuba uvote-ccoota yoluntu yayikulungele ukushiya i-GOP. Unyulo lwasekuhlaleni lwaseVirginia eVirginia eVirginia lwaba yinyikima yezo zezobupolitika ezathiyo kulandele ukhuphindo lwangonyaka olandelayo.

I-Voter Demographics: I-Canary yasekuhlaleni kwibhombu ye-Coal

Unyulo lwasekuhlaleni lutyhila utshintsho lwamanani abantu ngaphambi kokuba babhalise ngokupheleleyo kuphando lwesizwe. Ngokuphuphuma okungenayo kwimimandla efana ne-Georgia, iTexas, kunye ne-Arizona ziye zabona amatshatshatshantsa asekuhlaleni angaphambili kotshintsho lwezwe. Umzekelo, iGwinnett County, iGeorgia, ingingqi yephondo laMasipala eRiphabliki, yaqalisa ukunyulwa kookhomishane be-Democratic Comittery kunye namalungu ebhodini yesikolo kwiminyaka yowama-2020. Le ntsingiselo yasekuhlaleni yayifanekisela uRocebiars Raphael Warnock noJon Osoff.

  • Age: EAnn Arbor, Michigan, abavoti abaselula ngokuqhubekayo bakhetha amalungu ebhunga lesixeko aqhubekekayo, betyhalela imibandela efana nokuphumelela kwekholeji kunye nentshukumo yemozulu. Le migaqo-nkqubo yasekuhlaleni yenza iplani yomgangatho wesizwe.
  • I-ace kunye nohlanga: Ukwanda komelo lwama Latino kunye namabhunga e-Asia kwiplanga lesikolo kunye namabhunga esixeko kwimimandla enjengeMntlabathi yaseKhalifoniya inyanzelele amaqela esizwe ukuba aphendule imicimbi efana notshintsho kunye nokufikelela kolwimi.
  • Imfundo kunye nengeniso: Imatheko afunda kakhulu asoloko ebeka inkxaso-mali yothutho kunye nomthetho wemeko- bume kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni, imicimbi eyathi kamva yaba ziziseko zeqonga lesizwe ledemokhrasi.

Iingcali zezobupolitika zihlolisisa ezi ngxaki zasekuhlaleni zokuthelekelela iziphumo zelizwe. Unyulo lwama-2024 lwamaphulo omongameli lwabona ukuba omabini amaphulo achitha ubuncwane ekuphumeleleni kwabavoti besiLatini kwintlanga zasekuhlaleni eNevada nase-Arizona, eqonda ukuba ugcino-lwazi lomgangatho wengingqi lunika umzobo othe kratya wokhetho kunezinga elipheleleyo lonyulo lonyulo lwelizwe lonke.

Ucelomngeni Lokungasebenzisi Impembelelo Yokhetho Lwasekuhlaleni

Unyulo lwasekuhlaleni luthintelwa ziingxaki zesakhiwo ezithomalalisa impembelelo yazo. Ukungakhathali komdla kuhlala kungumqobo ozingisileyo, nonyulo olusoloko luzoba ngaphantsi kwe-15% yabavoti ababhalisiweyo. Oku kurhoxiswa kuwenza oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bangabi ngabangenisi-mntshukumo-mali, abamhlophe, nabatyebileyo kunabantu abakhonzayo. Xa inxaxheba iphenjelelwa, iinkqubo eziphuma kunyulo lwasekuhlaleni azisayi kubonisa oko kufunwa nguwonke wonke, kunciphisa ubunjani bee-ofisi zesizwe zoophathotho lwemibhobho yezobupolitika.

Ukubonelela ngentlawulo kugqwetha iziphumo. Ugqatso lotshaba-mbuso oluphakathi kwisixeko esinokhuphiswano lungabiza imali engaphezu kwe-R2,50 000, ngexesha unyulo lwebhodi yesikolo lungafuna ii-$50 000 ukuze luqhube iphulo lokhuphiswano. Ukufumana inkxaso kumaqela emali emnyama esizwe, kufumana uncedo oluphezulu. Isigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo [[FLT: 0] iUnited singenza ukuba iindleko ezizimeleyo ezikhoyo ngoku zisebenzele kwimilo yasekuhlaleni, ngokufuthi zibanceda bafumanele uncedo oluthandwayo kwimibutho yemihlathi kunokuba zibaluleke kakhulu emphakathini.

Ukusebenzisa i-Gerrymander kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni ukudibanisa ezi ngxaki. Ingingqi kunye nezithili zebhunga lengingqi zephondo kunye nezithi zifune ukukhusela abahlali okanye ukuhlaziyisa amandla okuvota amancinane angabangela ukuba angabi namdla. Xa uninzi lwezizwe zasekuhlaleni lunyuswa kwintlanga ezingundoqo, umvoti uyahla, kwaye impembelelo yamahlelo alungelelanisiweyo iyakhula. IiNguqulo ezifana neekhomishini zokuvota ezizimeleyo kunye nokuvota okuzimeleyo, okusamkelwa ezixekweni ezifana neNew York neSan Francisco, zizimisele ukulwa nezi ngxaki, kodwa ukuvelisa iinguqu ezingekho mthethweni zimele zikhule.

Iimpembelelo Zokukhuthaza Impembelelo Yonyulo Lwasekuhlaleni

Iindlela eziliqela ezisebenzisekayo zingaqinisa uqhagamshelwano phakathi kweziphumo zobulali kunye nemeko yesizwe. Unyuso olukhulayo lwevoti lusixhathiso esithe ngqo. Ukususa unyulo lwasekuhlaleni lukwiminyaka yonyulo enombolo, okanye ukulwenza ngosuku olunye njengokhuphiswano lukarhulumente nolorhulumente, lunganyusa inxaxheba ngomlinganiselo wama-50%. IKhalifoniya ne-Oregon ziye zalinga nge-posi ezinyukayo ukujika kuzo zonke iintlanga, kuquka ii-ofisi zobulali.

Amanyathelo emfundo abalaselisa impembelelo engqalileyo yee-ofisi zasekuhlaleni nawo ayanceda. Imibutho ye-Nonpartistan efana noManyano lwaManyano Lwabesifazane Voter ivelisa amajelo achaza indlela amavoti ebhunga ebhunga elivota ngayo kwimigaqo yezezindlu okanye kwizigqibo zesikolo ezichaphazela ngayo iinkqubo zokufundisa zamihla le. Xa abavoti beqonda ukuba amagosa asekuhlaleni aphembelela iirhafu zempahla, ukhuseleko lukawonke wonke, nomgangatho wesikolo, bashukunyiselwa ngakumbi ukuba babe nenxaxheba kuzo.

Ukuxhasa imibhobho eyahlukeneyo yemibhobho yezikolo yenye indlela ebalulekileyo. Iinkqubo ezifana ne-Run for Into ethile kunye ne-EMERGE America zifumana uqeqesho lwabatsha, abaza kufumana iiofisi zasekuhlaleni. Le mibutho iye yanceda ukwandisa ukumela amabhinqa nabantu abanemibala kumabhunga esixeko neebhodi zesikolo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho utshintsho oluninzi kwiimeko eziye zasiwa kumazwe namazwe ahlukeneyo. Urhulumente wasekuhlaleni usengozini yokuphendula kwimibandela enjengezindlu ezinokufikeleleka, iinkonzo zokufuduka, kunye nokuphendula kwamapolisa.

Ingxelo Yomajelo Oondaba Nokuncitshiswa Kwamabali Asekuhlaleni

Ulwalamano lwamajelo eendaba nonyulo lwasekuhlaleni luguquke ngokuphawulekayo ngokuncipha kwenkqubo entsha yamapolisa. Ngo-2023, ngaphezu kwama-500 amaphephandaba asekuhlaleni aye avalwa okanye adityaniswa ukususela ngo-2004, eshiya abantu abaninzi bengazinikelanga iintlanganiso zebhunga lesixeko okanye iingxoxo zebhodi yesikolo. Lo msantsa uthetha ukuba amabali abalulekileyo asekuhlaleni afana nokusetyenziswa kwesixeko sokwamkela inkqubo entsha yotshintsho lwamapolisa okanye isigqibo selizwe sokususa inkqubo yethala leencwadi, asoloko engabonwa ngabantu besizwe de abe ziindawo zokomfuziselo.

Noko ke, amaqumrhu onxibelelwano olungokwentlalo kunye namaqonga amanani eengingqi agqibile kancinane. Unyulo lwasekuhlaleni luneziphumo ngoku kuX (owayebizwa ngokuba nguMutter) noTikTok xa zibandakanya imicimbi ephezulu efana namalungelo okuqhomfa okanye imidlalo e-trangender. Ngo-2023, unyulo lwebhodi yesikolo eVirginia malunga nokuvalwa kwencwadi yethala leencwadi lwatsalwa ingqalelo yesizwe emva kokuba ividiyo yomxhasi wezobuzwe ithekile, ekugqibeleni iphembele intlalo-mthetho karhulumente. Oku kuthetha ukuba uhlanga olunye lwasekuhlaleni lungaba ngumntu onegunya kwimfazwe yesizwe, nto leyo ebangela ukuba luchaphazele impembelelo kulawulo lwezopolitiko.

Izibhengezo zesizwe ziqalile ukuvelisa unyulo lwengingqi njengenxalenye yeqhinga lesizwe. IThe New York Times kunye ne-[Washington Post rhoqo zithumela iintatheli ukugquma iintlalo-ntlalo zomphathi-mikhosi nengingqi yonyulo, ziqonda ukuba olu khuphiswano lunika ugcino-lwazi lwangaphambili kwihambo lovoti kunye nokukhupha i-scrence. Umzekelo, 2023 unyulo lomphathi-dolophu eChicago, eyathisana nomntu othe kratya nolumelene noluphakathi, luqwalaselwe njengenkcalulo lweDdemocratic Party yeqela lesizwe yangaphakathi kunyulwa unyulo-2024.

Imizekelo Engokwembali: Indlela Efika Ngayo Kwindawo Ekude Eqikelela Amaza Esizwe

Uhlalutyo lwembali lubonisa indlela engaguquguqukiyo: kunyulo lwasekuhlaleni kwiminyaka emibini ngaphambi kokuba kukhethwe umongameli lusoloko lulindele iziphumo zesizwe. Unyulo lonyaka wama-2005 lwe-Darmocratial nolomphathi-dolophu lwabona impumelelo efana neVirginia neNew Jersey, eyandulela ukuthathelwa phambili kweBhunga leNkomfa ngowama-2006. Ngokufanayo, unyulo lwasekuhlaleni lonyaka wama-2013, olwalubalaselele iintlalo zobuRiphabliki eVirginia naseNew Jersey bubernarration, lwafanekisela uloyilo lwaphakathi lonyaka wama-2014.

Ngo-2009 emva kweminyaka unyulo lunika omnye umzekelo onamandla. Ngalo nyaka, iiRiphabliki zaphumelela kwimijaho ehamba phambili eNew Jersey nase Virginia, kunye nee-ofisi zasekuhlaleni kulo lonke elo lizwe. Ezi ziphumo zabonisa ukunganeliseki okunzulu ngoMongameli Barack Obama, zivula indlela yeliza leSizwe leTea leSizwe lowama elaphinda latshintsha iBhunga nezindlu zowiso-mthetho. Unyulo lwasekuhlaleni lwasebenza njengenkqubo yokuqala yokulumkisa izidubedube zesizwe ezaziza kulandela.

Eli gunya lixela kwangaphambili lenze uhlalutyo lwengingqi lwezixhobo eziyimfuneko kwizazinzulu zezobupolitika. Ingxelo yePolitical yePhondo kunye neminye imibutho exela kwangaphambili ngoku iquka iziphumo zonyulo lwengingqi kunye neziphumo zonyulo lwemiqathango kamasipala kwimizekelo yazo yeentlanga. Isivumelwano somelele ngokwaneleyo kangangokuba i-2% kunyulo lwasekuhlaleni ingabonisa ukuguquka kwe3/4% kukhuphiswano olulandelayo lwesizwe, kuxhomekeke kwimisebenzi yesizwe.

Uthelekiso Lwamazwe Ngamazwe: Ukhetho Lwasekuhlaleni Olukweminye Imimandla

Impembelelo yonyulo lwasekuhlaleni lwezobupolitika zesizwe asiyiyo kuphela eUnited States. KwiBhunga laseUnited States, unyulo lwebhunga lasekuhlaleni lusoloko lusebenza njengengqwalasela yonyulo ephakathi kwexesha kwiqela lesizwe elilawulayo. Unyulo lwasekuhlaleni lwase-2023 eNgilani, apho iLabour yafumana izihlalo zebhunga ezingama-400 ngenkcitho yeConservatives, lwachazwa ngokubanzi njengentelekelelo yokuphumelela kunyulo olulandelayo. Oku kwaphembelela ngqo inkqubo karhulumente weKonsonganiso etshintshayo kwimiba yohlalo nezindlu.

EJamani, unyulo lomgangatho karhulumente ( Wandtagshwahlen) lungenza buthathaka urhulumente wombutho womphathi ngokususa inkxaso yamaqabane omanyano. Unyulo lwangonyaka ka-2018 lwaseBavaria kunye noHesse lwanciphisa impembelelo yesizwe yeNtlalo yamaKristu kunye neNtlalo-ntle yoluntu, ngokulandelelana, nto leyo ekhokelela kutshintsho kwinkqubo yesizwe kwimiqathango yothutho efudukayo kunye nentshukumo yemozulu. Ngokufanayo, eCanada, unyulo lwephondo ludla ngokuvelisa impembelelo yamaqela asekuhlaleni, njengoko kubonakala xa iNew Democratic Party i-Rocey isolution i-19909 yanyusa amathemba ayo alo mazwe asekuhlaleni.

Ezi meko zezizwe ngezizwe zigxininisa umgaqo-siseko jikelele: ulawulo-melo lusebenza njengenkqubo ezidityanisiweyo. Ukutshintsha konikezelo lwamandla asekuhlaleni kwenza amacebo anika ingxelo azisa ulawulo lwesizwe. I-United States, kunye nesakhiwo sayo solawulo-mthetho kunye nonyulo lwayo oluqhelekileyo, inika umzekelo ocacileyo, kodwa lo mzekelo ubambeke kulawulo-melo oluhambele phambili.

Indlela Engaphambili: Imilinganiselo Yasekuhlaleni Yokukhetha Njengendlela Eyingozi

Njengoko ukwenziwa kwezobupolitika kukhula eUnited States, unyulo lwasekuhlaleni lungade lube lukhawulezileyo. Xa unyulo lwequmrhu lweBhunga luthintela umthetho wesizwe kwimibandela efana nokutshintsha kwemozulu okanye ulawulo lwemipu, urhulumente noorhulumente basekuhlaleni baba ziindawo eziphambili zokuthatha inyathelo lomgaqo-nkqubo. Iziphumo zolu khuphiswano lwasekuhlaleni ziza kumisela imida enokwenzeka kwezobupolitika kumgangatho karhulumente weshumi elizayo.

Ngoko ke abaxhasi nabaxhasi kufuneka balubeke kwindawo yokuqala unyulo lwasekuhlaleni njengesixhobo sokuguqula isizwe. Iintlangano ezifana noManyano Lwesizwe lwaseCity in City and the Center for American Progress ziye zapapasha izikhokelo zokubandakanyeka kwezobupolitika zasekuhlaleni, zigxininisa ukuba ukuphumelela kwibhunga lesixeko kungenza impembelelo egqithiseleyo kwilizwe ekugqibeleni. Ubuncwane bukho; ucelomngeni lukukuqinisekisa abemi ukuba bajonge ngaphaya kwephulo lomongameli baze basebenzise ixesha labo kwimilo eyakha ngokwenene amandla ezobupolitika kumhlaba ophezulu.

Unyulo lwasekuhlaleni asingomatye nje okunyathela okanye iziganeko zesibini zezobupolitika. Zizisiseko sedemokhrasi esebenzayo, impembelelo engqalileyo yemigaqo evavanywayo, ephi imigaqo evelayo, kwaye yiyiphi imibandela elawula incoko yesizwe. Ngokuqonda nokusebenza kweli nyaniso, abemi banokuyiguqula indawo yesixeko esinye ngexesha elinye.