Ukwazisa: Umlinganiselo wedemokhrasi wokubonisa ngaphaya

Kuluntu lwedemokhrasi, ulwalamano phakathi korhulumente nabemi bakhe lusekelwe kwisiseko sokuthembana. Oko kuthelelwa kuhlaziywa xa uwonke wonke ebona indlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo izigqibo, indlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo iimali zikawonke-wonke, nendlela ezibunjwe ngayo, nendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo imigaqo-nkqubo. Ukubonakala gca – umgaqo wokuba izenzo zikarhulumente, ugcino-lwazi, kunye neenkqubo kufuneka zivuleke ukuze ziqwalaselwe elubalaleni – asiyo nje impatho entle yokulawula; luyiyo imfuneko efunekayo yokuthatha inxaxheba kurhulumente ekugqibeleni, ukuzobandakanyeka kwezenziwa kuyo. Xa abemi beqonda isizathu nesemva kwemiqobo, badlale ukunikela imbono yabo, imicimbi eluncedo, ibandakanya iingxube-o-mfa ngezenzo zedemo-democracracki. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa indlela ekufuneka ngayo ekungeneleni kwemiqatha ekusebenzeni kwemiqatha, kwimiqobo, kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, kwiimeko zophandolo zophando zophando zophando zophando.

Iintsika Zokucaca Korhulumente

Ukubonisa ngaphaya kolwazi asingomgaqo omnye kodwa luluhlelo lwezenzo nemigaqo edityanisiweyo. Ukuqonda impembelelo yawo ekuthabatheni inxaxheba, kuyanceda ukuqhekeza amalungu ayo angundoqo:

Ifikelelwe kulwazi

Eyona ntsika ilula nesisiseko lilungelo labemi lokufikelela kulwazi olufunyenwe ngurhulumente. Oku kuquka yonke into esuka kumaxwebhu oqingqo-mali kunye neengxelo zowiso-mthetho ukuya kuhlolo lwempembelelo yemekobume kunye nezivumelwano zokufumana izivumelwano. Xa ulwazi lupapashwa ngokulula kwaye lufumaneka, abemi bangazifundisa kwimibandela edibeneyo. Iqumrhu leze Economic Coproperoperation kunye noPhuhliso (OECD) lisoloko liphikisa ukuba ugcino-lwazi lukarhulumente luyimposiso yokuyila nokuqululisa [[FLT: 0] [ECD] [URhulumente Open sy:1]. Ngaphandle koku kufikelela kwabo.

Ucace Nokululula

Ukukhanya kusebenza kuphela ukuba ulwazi olunikezelweyo luyaqondakala. Oku kucacisa okusemthethweni, icandelo lokuchaphazeleka elingenayo, okanye amaxwebhu aguqulelwe kakubi angenza inkohliso yokuzimela ngokuphandle ngelinye ixesha abemi abaninzi. Oorhulumente bazibophelele ekunikeleni ngokucaceyo ngolwimi olucacileyo, ukushwankathelana, nokukhupha kwemifanekiso, kunye nokuphuma kweelwimi ezininzi. Oku kunciphisa umqobo wokungena ekungeneni, kwenza abantu abanemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yokufunda neemvelaphi ezahlukeneyo ukuba banikele ngokunentsingiselo.

Vula Ukuphumeza Isigqibo

Ngaphezu koshicilelo lweziphumo, ukubonakala ngokucacileyo kufuna ukuvula iiprocess zokwenza izigqibo ngokwazo. Iintlanganiso zikawonke-wonke, iindlebe zowiso-mthetho, kunye neendawo zokubonisana zivumela abemi ukuba banikele iingxoxo zobungqina, banikezele amagqabaza, baze babone indlela igalelo labo elilinganiswe ngayo. Xa ezi nkqubo zicace gcawu, abathathi-nxaxheba bangathemba ukuba iminikelo yabo ayityeshelwa ngokungekho semthethweni. IBhanki yehlabathi iphawula ukuba ulawulo oluchaphazamileyo, xa idityanisiwe ngokuvula, ikhokelela kwimigaqo kawonke kawonke ebambekayo [World Bank Open Govern)] [FLT]]

Umatshini onokuphendula

Ukubonakala ngaphaya kwengqondo kubandakanya ukukwazi ukulandelela izigqibo emva kumagosa awazenzayo. Oku kuphendula kuqinisekisa ukuba ukuba ukuba inxaxheba kuwonke-wonke kutyhila iimpazamo okanye ukunganyaniseki, kukho imijelo yokulungisa. Amaqumrhu olawulo oluzimeleyo, inkululeko yabaphathi-lwazi, kunye neekomishini yemigaqo yokuziphatha zizinto eziboniswa kule ntsika. Ngaphandle kokuziphendulela, iingozi zokuba ngumsebenzi wokuzilolonga.

Indlela I-Drive Ecace Ngakumbi Enegalelo Ngayo Kuwonke - wonke

Xa iintsika eziphezulu zisendaweni, ukubonakala kwangaphandle kusebenza njengenjini enamandla yokuthabatha inxaxheba.

Ukwakha Intembelo Nomthetho

Abantu bakulungele kakhulu ukuchitha ixesha namandla kwinkqubo abakholelwa ukuba ilungile kwaye ivulekile. Imiqondiso ecacileyo yokuba urhulumente uhlonela abemi njengamaqabane abo kunokuba babe ngamalungu abo. Uphando oluninzi lubonise unxibelelwano olunamandla phakathi kokungafihli nto kukarhulumente ocingelwayo nokuvuma ukuvota, ukuya kwiiholo zedolophu, okanye ukujoyina imibutho yezentlalo. Ukuthemba kunciphisa ukugxeka okudla ngokugcina abantu besekhaya.

Ukunika Isiseko Solwazi Olungenisiweyo

Kufuneka ulwazi olunentsingiselo. Ummi oqondayo utshintsho olucetyiswayo lwendawo, inyathelo lonyango loluntu, okanye uqingqo-mali oluthe lwavela kurhwebo lunganika iziphumo ezifanelekileyo. Ukubonelela ngaphaya kolu hlobo lwenkcazelo – amanani amanani, iindleko, i-data yemeko-bume – enceda igalelo eliphezulu lemali elinganayo. Xa kungekho lwazi, igalelo loluntu libonakala lithe xhaphakile, ngokweemvakalelo, okanye lipheliswe lula ngabenzi besigqibo.

Ukuthomalalisa Izithintelo Ekungeneni

Uphando lwezikhundla zedata ezivulekileyo kunye nemigangatho ye-intanethi inciphisa ixesha nomgudu ofunekayo ukuze angene. Ummi akusafuneki ukuba ahambe ngokoqobo ukuya kwiofisi karhulumente ukuze ahlole uxwebhu; angalufumana nge-cell phone yakhe. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abaselula, kubazali abasebenzayo, nakwabanye abangakwaziyo ukuyisebenzisa. Urhulumente osebenzisa inombolo usoloko ebona ukwanda kokuthatha inxaxheba kumaqela angaphantsi kwale ndawo.

Idala Iiseti zengxelo yotyiso

Ukuba mhlophe kuvumela abemi babone indlela abaphenjelelwa ngayo (okanye abaphembelela) isigqibo sokugqibela. Xa urhulumente epapasha isishwankathelo samagqabaza kawonke-wonke kunye nokuthethelela inkqubo ekhethiweyo, kuvala irhintyelo. Le mpendulo ikhuthaza ukuganana kwixesha elizayo kuba abathathi-nxaxheba banokubona ukuba ilizwi labo linesiphumo. Ngokuchasene noko, ukwenza isigqibo esikhathazayo esigatya igalelo kubangela ukungathandwa.

Imizekelo yehlabathi lokwenene yokubonisa ngaphaya okusebenzayo

Amatyala angqalileyo avela ehlabathini jikelele abonisa amandla okubonisa ukukhanya okuguqula inxaxheba kawonke wonke.

Uqingqo-mali olunenxaxheba ePorto Alegre, eBrazil

Mhlawumbi owona mzekelo udumileyo, inkqubo yoqingqo-mali enika ingcelele yaqala ngo-1989. Abami baxubusha ngokuphandle kunye nokuvota ngokukuko ukuchitha izinto eziza kuqala kwicandelo loqingqo-mali lukamasipala. Le nkqubo iphela icace gca: iintlanganiso zingoowonke, izicelo ziyabhalwa, kwaye iziphumo ziyapapashwa. Ekuhambeni kweminyaka, oku kulula ukukhupha inxaxheba kubangele ukuba kubekho inxaxheba ekhawulezileyo, namashumi amawaka abantu abemi abeze kwiindibano zobume. Ikwaphucule ukusetyenziswa kwemali, ikhokelele oovimba kwimimandla ekhuselekileyo. Umzekelo uye wasasazeka kumakhulukhulu ezixeko, ebonisa ukuba ukubonakala nokuthatha inxaxheba ngokungqalileyo kunakho ukuqhubana.

I - equivernance Ecosystem yase - Estonia

I-Estonia yakha omnye woorhulumente bemivo ecacileyo ehlabathini. Ngeqonga layo le-XÚRoad, abemi bangafumana iingxelo zabo zempilo, iifayile zerhafu, baze bahlole iidrafti zemithetho-witrol – zonke nge-i-ID yamanani. Urhulumente upapasha phantse zonke ii-data, kwaye abemi bangawulandelela umphumo wenkqubela yomthetho kwi-intanethi. Ngenxa yoko, i-Estonia isoloko ifaka inxaxheba kakhulu kwingingqi yezentlalo-ntle. Ukubonakala kweenkqubo zobugcisa kuyenze kwalula ku-NGOs kunye noxandumiso lwabantu kwimigaqo-nkqubo ye-scruinte nakucelo.

Ugcino - lwazi Oluvulekileyo EKenya

Emva kogonyamelo lokhetho lwasemva kowama-2002-2008, iKenya yazibophelela kwisigqibo sokukhululeka esithe ngqo. Urhulumente wakhupha izibuko logcino-lwazi lwesizwe oluvulekileyo olunee-data ezingaphezu kwe-1000 ezigqubuthele uqingqo-mali, impilo, imfundo, nezibonelelo. Imibutho yabemi yasebenzisa le nkcazelo ukugcina iinkonzo zinetyala. Umzekelo, i- “Mkoba Noxau" (iprojekthi yethu yoHlelo-mali) yenza abemi bayakwazi ukuthelekisa iinkcitho ezicwangcisiweyo neziphumo zokwenene. Oku kuqwalasela ngokucacileyo ukungenelela kwasekuhlaleni kucwangciso nocwangciso lwengingqini.

Ukuzibophelela Ngomanyano Kurhulumente EKhanada

Njengelungu lesakhiwo se-Open Governmentalip, iKhanada iphumeze uthotho lweenguqu ezicace gca (Umphatho woRhulumente we-open Governmentant – Canada). Ngoku urhulumente upapasha isiseko sebhayoloji esiphengululekayo yemiqathango yonke neminikelo, uqhuba iingxubusho zikawonke ezinyanzelweyo kwimimiselo emikhulu, kwaye ugcine i-“Sivumelwano kunye neSivumelwano”. Ezi zinyathelo zikwenze kwaba lula kakhulu e-Canada ukufumana, ukuqonda, nokugqabaza kwizicelo, kukhokelela ekuthatheleni inxaxheba ezahlukahlukeneyo nento encinci kwisigqibo solawulo sorhulumente.

Ukoyisa Izithintelo Eziqhelekileyo Zokuba Nengqiqo Nokuthabatha Inxaxheba

Nakubeni ziluncedo, oorhulumente abaninzi bazama ukuvelisa ukubonakala ngaphaya kwecala. Ukuzinzisa ezi zithintelo – nokuzithetha ngentloko - – kubalulekile ukuze ungenelele ekuthatheni inxaxheba.

Inkcitho yeSebe

Amasiko azimeleyo asoloko ethanda ukufihla imfihlo. Izicaka zamakhaya zisenokusoyika ukuba ukuchacha kuya kuzibhenca iimpazamo okanye zivuselele ukugxekwa. Ukuchasa oku kufuna ukhokelo olusuka phezulu, iinkqubo ezicacileyo ezinika imvume, kunye neenkqubo zoqeqesho ezigxininisa ixabiso lokubona ngaphaya. Amanye amagunya agunyazise “ilungelo lolwazi” imithetho kunye nezigwebo ezingeyo-propati, ukususa ukungagqibeleli kokuthi “kutheni singayikhulula le nto?” ukuya ku “Kutheni thina?”

Ulwazi luninzi

Ukwahlula imiqulu emikhulu ye-data ekrwada kungakudimaza ukuba abemi abanakukwazi ukuthabatha inxaxheba kuyo. Ucelomngeni asikokupapasha nje kuphela, kodwa kukukhupha irhafu kunye nemeko-mongo. Oorhulumente kufuneka bafake imali kwibhodi, iinkcazelo, kunye nezishwankathelo eziphambili ezibalaselisa izigqibo ezingundoqo kunye nezithengiselwano. Inxaxheba yoluntu kufuneka ikhokele abasebenzisi kwiinkcukacha ezinxulumene nazo kunokuba ilahlele ipropati nganye kubo.

Ukwahlula Amanani

Amanyathelo okubonisa axhomekeke ngakumbi kumaqonga e-intanethi, anokungaqiniseki ukuba abemi abanayo ngaphandle kokufikelela kwi-intanethi okanye ukufunda ngemivo. Ukuze baphephe ukwenza inkqubo emibini yokubonisana ngamanani ngaphandle kwe-intanethi, oorhulumente kufuneka bafakelele iindlela zokushicilela ezishicilelweyo kumathala eencwadi, kwiinkqubo zikanomathotholo, kwiintlanganiso zikawonke-wonke, nakumagosa okunxibelelana nabantu. Ukudibana kwabemi basemaphandleni, abantu abadala, kunye nabantu abafumana imali encinane.

Ukuqwalaselwa okusezantsi nemfundo yelungu

Kwanaxa ulwazi lukhona, abemi abaninzi abakwazi ukuyifumana okanye isizathu sokuba bayinake. Izikolo, ijelo-ndaba, nemibutho yoluntu idlala indima engundoqo ekwakheni “ulwimi lokubhala.” Oorhulumente banokusebenzisana namaqela asekuhlaleni ekuqhubeni iiprojekthi, badala amaphulo onxibelelwano oluneentsholongwane, kwaye bafaka amakhonkco acacileyo kwiindawo zogcino-lwazi kwintsebenziswano yemihla ngemihla (umz., kwiifomu zerhafu okanye kwiindleko zezemali).

Indima Etshintshayo Yobuxhakaxhaka

Ubugcisa asiloncedo, kodwa bubangela ukuba imigudu yokubona ukukhanya ifikelele yaye iphumelele ngokuphawulekayo.

Ugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo kunye ne-AP

Amaqonga aphakathi njenge data.gov (USA) okanye ugcino-lwazi.gov.in (India) iiseti zogcino-lwazi oludityanisiweyo oluvela kumasebe amaninzi. Imidibaniso yenkqubo yenkqubo (API) ivumela abaphuhlisi bokwakha izixhobo zohlalutyo kunye nogcino-lwazi lukarhulumente olubonakalayo. Le nkqubo yendalo yenza abemi bakwazi ukwenza iingxelo zabo, ukuchitha ixesha lokwenene, okanye ukuthelekisa inkqubo kwiimeko ezinqamleza imimandla.

Ulungelelaniso lolwimi lwendalo

Ubuchule bokwenza bunganceda ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kolwazi. Umzekelo, ii-aIparabiliced menubots zingaphendula imibuzo yabemi malunga noqingqo-mali okanye imimiselo, ukukhupha ugcino-lwazi olunxulumeneyo kumawaka amaphepha. Izifundo zomatshini ziyakwazi ukuchaza imodeli kumagqabaza kawonke-wonke, ukunceda abenzi besigqibo baqonde eyona nto ixhalabisayo ngaphandle kokufunda ngezandla zonke izinto ezibandakanyekileyo.

Isithinteli-sixhobo sokushicilela iingxelo ezinokufumaneka

Abanye oorhulumente bazama ukutshintsha iingxelo ezithintelayo zevoti, izivumelwano, kunye nemixholo yomhlaba. Ngelixesha isasetyenziswa, obu buchwepheshe bunganyusa ukuthembana ngokwenza kube nzima ngamagosa ukuba atshintshe ulwazi ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Abahlali bangaqinisekisa ukuba igalelo labo libhaliwe kwaye liqwalaselwe.

Ubandakanyeko lwexesha lobuzwe nelokwenene

I-Platform efana ne-Twitter, i-Facebook, kunye nezingqinisi zifumaneka kwindawo eziyimfuneko ukuze kubekho ukukhanya. Abasemagunyeni bangahlala kwintlanganiso eziphuma kumsinga, babelane ngenkcazelo, baze baphendule imibuzo ngoko nangoko. Indlela engacwangciswanga yesixhobo sokugcina ulwazi yenze ukuba ithobe umqobo wengqondo ukuze ingene – abemi abanokukoyikiswa kukuchotshelwa ngokusesikweni bayakwazi ukushiya amagqabaza kwiphepha lika-Rhulumente Facebook.

ISebe leMicimbi yeNkcubeko neMidlalo

Ukuze kuhlale ixesha elide, kufuneka kugcinwe imithetho namaziko azimeleyo.

Inkululeko Yolwazi

Amazwe angaphezu kwe-100 aye amisela inkululeko yolwazi (i-FOI) okanye ilungelo lemithetho yenkcazelo. Le mithetho inika abemi ilungelo elisemthethweni lokucela iingxelo, kwaye inyanzela amaqumrhu asekuhlaleni ukuba aphendule ngexesha elithile elichaziweyo. Imithetho ye-Robust FOI iquka iimfuno zokutyhila izinto ezizenzekelayo, ukukhulula okulinganiselweyo, kunye nequmrhu elizimeleyo elijongene nolawulo (njengommeli wenkcazelo) elinokuyilanisa iimpikiswano. IZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ziye zavuma ukufikelela kwinkcazelo njengelungelo lomntu elisisiseko.

Izidumbu ezizimeleyo ezizimeleyo ezilawulayo

Umthetho wodwa awanele. Iziko ezinjengamakhomishini alwa norhwaphilizo, iiofisi zoophengululo, kunye neenkundla zophicotho-zincwadi ezibonisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho yokubonisa intelekelelo. Zikwaphanda izikhalazo zize zipapashe iingxelo ezazisa uluntu ngokubanzi. Ubukho bezi ziqumrhu buqinisekisa ukuba abahlali babo bathabatha inxaxheba ngokunzulu kwaye ukuchasana kwabo kuya kuqwalaselwa.

Ukuzinikela kurhulumente ovulekileyo (OGP)

I-OGP inikezela ngesiseko socwangco samazwe ukudibanisa iinjongo zesenzo sobuzwe kunye nebutho lasekuhlaleni. Ezi zicwangciso ziquka iinguqu ezicacileyo, ezinokulungiseka. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwi-OGP kunxulumene nophuhliso olunokufikeleleka kuko kokubini ukubhaptiza kunye nokubhalisa koluntu (Uvula uGaqo-mthetho woGunya lokuPlagu kunye neNtshulu-lunqila). .

Isiphelo: Ukwakha Isithethe Sokuvula Icala

Ukubonisa ngaphaya kolwazi kunye nokuthabatha inxaxheba kukawonke-wonke asilosukelo olwahlukileyo; ngamacala amabini engqekembe yedemokhrasi enye. Xa oorhulumente bevula ugcino-lwazi, iinkqubo, kunye nezigqibo ekukhanyeni, benza imekobume apho abemi baxelelwa, bathenjiswa, kwaye banikwe amandla okuba negalelo. Uphando oluvela kuPorto Alegres ukuya kuEstonia ukuya eKenya lubonisa ukuba ukufihla intloko akuyomfuneko ecacileyo kodwa luyindlela esebenzayo ekhokelela kwimigaqo engcono, ukuthembana okuphezulu, kunye nokukhula kwebutho labantu.

Kambe ke, ukubonakala ngokucacileyo kukodwa akunakuzicombulula iingxaki zobugqi, zobupolitika, okanye zobundlobongela bedemokhrasi. Kufuneka kukhatshwe yimigudu yamabom yokuhlisa imiqobo, ukwenza lula ulwazi, kunye nokufikelela kuzo zonke iinkalo zebutho labantu. Kodwa ubungqina bucacile: oorhulumente abatyandayo ekuboneni ngokucacileyo ukubona ukwanda okuhambelanayo kokuthathi-nxaxheba koluntu. Kwixesha lokuphelelwa kokuthembana kumaqumrhu edemokhrasi, ukubonakala ngokucacileyo kunika indlela emva kokwenyaniso, ngokupheleleyo. Ngokuvula ulawulo lwezikhundla loluntu olupheleleyo, singaphinda sivule isivumelwano somntu omnye ofundileyo ngexesha elithile.