Table of Contents

Ukuqonda iBhunga laseUnited States: Ilizwi Lenu kuRhulumente weFederal

IBhunga leMicimbi yeUnited States limi njengenye yezona zinhlangano zinamandla zowiso-mthetho ehlabathini, lisebenza njengesiseko sedemokhrasi yaseMerika nelizwi eliyintloko labantu kurhulumente worhulumente worhulumente. Njengoko isebe lowiso-mthetho limiselwe liQumrhu I lomGaqo-siseko wase-United States, iBhunga linembopheleleko esisiseko yokumisela imithetho elawula uhlanga lwethu, imela izilangazelelo ezahlukahlukeneyo zamaMelika angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-30, kwaye lilungiselela ukunyamekela isebe elilawulayo ukugcina ulungelelwano olululwentelezileyo lwegunya oluthelekelelekileyo oluthengwa ngooTata abaFundileyo.

Kubemi abafuna ukuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo urhulumente wabo nendlela abanokuwenza ngayo amazwi abo aviwe, aqonde isakhiwo, iinkqubo neenkqubo zeBhunga zibaluleke kakhulu. Olu lwazi lunika abavoti amandla okuba babe nenxaxheba ngokunempumelelo namagosa abo anyuliweyo, babe nenxaxheba ngokunentsingiselo kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi, baze baphendule abameli babo ngezigqibo ezichaphazela ubomi babo bemihla ngemihla, ibutho labantu, nekamva lohlanga.

Enoba ungowokuqala ukuvota, umphengululi wezopolitiko onamava, okanye umntu ofuna ukuqonda bhetele indlela umthetho karhulumente olawulayo obuchaphazela ngayo ubomi bakho, lo mkhokeli ubanzi uza kukuhamba kuyo yonke into ofuna ukuyazi ngendlela iBhunga elikumela ngayo nendlela onokuthatha inxaxheba ngayo ekuxonxeni iinkqubo ezilawula ilizwe lethu.

Isakhiwo seBimeral: Amacandelo Ambini, Ingqungquthela Enye

IKhomyutha yaseUnited States isebenza phantsi kwenkqubo ye-bamaral, ithetha ukuba ineegumbi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: iNdlu yabameli kunye neNdlu yeNdlu yeeNtlanganiso. Esi sakhiwo se-camber sibini asidalwanga ngengozi kodwa sabangelwa kukucinga nokulalanisa ngononophelo ngexesha leNdibano yeMgaqo-siseko yowe-1787, eyayilungiselelwe ngokukhethekileyo ukulungelelanisa izilangazelelo zombini ezinkulu nezincinane zoo mazwe ngoxa inika ulwaleko oluninzi lwenkqululo yomthetho ocetyiweyo.

Indlu Yabameli: Ikomkhulu Labantu

Indlu yabameli, esoloko ibizwa ngokuba yi "Indlu Yabantu," inamalungu angama-435 okuvota asebenza iminyaka emibini. Umelo kwindlu lusekelwe kubemi, intsingiselo yamazwe anabemi abaninzi abamele abameli kunamazwe angaphantsi. Lo melo luqinisekisa ukuba iindawo ezinabemi abaninzi zinelizwi elomeleleyo kumthetho wequmrhu.

Ummeli ngamnye ukhonza isithili esithile sengqungquthela kwiphondo labo, nemida yesithili ephinda iphinde idibane emva kweminyaka elishumi emva kokubhalwa kwabantu besizwe ukuphendula amaxa-mva kwemiba yabemi. IKhalifoniya, njengelona lizwe linabantu abaninzi, ngoku linabameli abangama-52, ngoxa amazwe afana neWyoming, Vermont, neAlaska ngamnye unommeli omnye kuphela okhonza kwilizwe lonke.

Indlu iphethe amagunya amaninzi akhethekileyo awahlulayo kwiBhunga leNdlu. Zonke iindleko zemali zemali kufuneka zivele kwiNdlu, zinika eli gumbi igunya eliphambili kwirhafu kunye nokusetyenziswa korhulumente. Indlu ikwanegunya elipheleleyo lokuqalisa imicimbi ngokuchasene namagosa aseburhulumenteni, kuquka uMongameli, nangona iNdlu yeza netyala lokwenene. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba akukho mmeli ufumana ivoti eninzi yabanyuli, iNdlu ikhetha uMongameli, ngokuvota okukodwa kweqela lesizwe.

UmLawuli weNdlu, onyulwa ngamalungu eNdlu, ukhonza njengegosa eliphetheyo kwaye ungowesibini kumgca wolawulo lomongameli, emva koMongameli onguMongameli onguMongameli. Esi sikhundla sinempembelelo enkulu kucwangciso lomthetho, izabelo zekomiti, nokuqukuqela komthetho kwigumbi.

INdlu yeeNtlanganiso: Kumeleke Imeko Elinganayo

IBhunga leNtsimbi linamalungu ali-100, kunye nephondo ngalinye elinyulela kanye amaqela amabini endlu yonyulo kungakhathaliseki ubungakanani babemi. Olu melo lulinganayo lwenzelwe ukukhusela izilangazelelo zoorhulumente abancinane nokuqinisekisa ukuba bagcine impembelelo ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho. Abaququzeleli basebenzisa amabinzana aneminyaka emithandathu, amalunga nesithathu seBhunga elinyuliweyo qho qho iminyaka emibini, benika inkqubela kunye nenkumbulo yequmrhu.

Imiqathango emide yeNdlu yeeNtsimbi yelizwe yayijoliswe ukuyenza ibe ngumzimba okhululayo, okhuselwe kwiminqweno ekhawulezileyo yoluvo lukawonke-wonke. Izikhululo zilindeleke ukuba zithathe imbono ebanzi, eyexesha elide yemicimbi yezomthetho, zingaqwalaseli iimfuno ezikhawulezileyo zoorhulumente bazo kodwa kwaneemfuno zexesha elide zohlanga njengelipheleleyo.

IBhunga leNdlu yamagunya aliqela azimeleyo alingana neyale ndlu. INdlu yeeNdlu yeeNdlu yeMali kufuneka inikezele "imvume kunye nemvume" kumadinga omongameli, kuquka amalungu eKhabhinethi, abagwebi bephondo, kunye nabagwebi beNkundla ePhakamileyo. ICantenal kufuneka ivume zonke izivumelwano ezixoxwe lisebe eliphetheyo, ezifuna uvotelo oluzizii-3 ezimbini. Ngaphezu koko, iNdlu yeeNtsibe zokuvavanya, kunye neevoti ezimbini-3 ezifunekayo ukuze kukhutshwe ukuthembeka nokususwa eofisini.

Umongameli onguMongameli osisigxina waseUnited States usebenza njengoMongameli weNdlu yeeNtlanganiso kodwa angavota kuphela ukwaphula amaqhina. Kukungabikho koMongameli onguMongameli onguMongameli osisiGqibo, uMongameli Pro Tempore, ngokwesithethe olilungu elide leqela elininzi, uphethe kwiinkqubo zeNdlu yeeNtlanganiso.

Indlela Abameli Bakho Abacaciswa Ngayo

Ukuqonda inkqubo yonyulo lwamalungu eBhunga kubalulekile kubemi abafuna ukuba nenxaxheba ngokunempumelelo ekukhetheni abameli babo. Iinkqubo zonyulo zeNdlu neNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNdlu zendlu zahlukile ngeendlela ezibalulekileyo, zibonisa iindima zabo ezicacileyo zomGaqo-siseko kunye neenkonzo ezahlukeneyo abazenzayo.

Unyulo lwendlu: Umelo lweSithili- Esisekelwe

Amalungu endlu anyulwa ukusuka kwimimandla yeqela elinye ngenkqubo yokuqala yezobukho benqanawa, apho umnyulo ofumana eyona mvume iphambili yokuvota uzuza khona. Kwiminyaka emibini yonke, zonke izihlalo zendlu ezingama-435 ziphakanyiselwe unyulo, zisenza iNdlu ithathe inxaxheba ngokukhethekileyo ekuguqukeni kwiimbono zikawonke-wonke nakwinkqubo yezobupolitika yangoku.

Izithili zephondo ezitsalwa ziindlu zowiso-mthetho zikarhulumente kumazwe amaninzi, nangona amanye amazwe emisele imisebenzi ezimeleyo yokuzidibanisela ii-odokisi ukucutha i-gerrymanidering. Inkqubo yokuziphindelela eyenzekayo emva kokuba ubalo lwaminyaka yonke luye lwaqashelwa, njengoko iqela elilawula indlu yowiso-mthetho karhulumente linokutsala imida yesithili ukuze lixhase abo batshathileyo, uqheliso olubizwa ngokuba yigerrymaning.

Ukubalekela iNdlu yabameli, abo baza kubhaptizwa kufuneka babe neminyaka engama - 25 ubuncinane ubudala, babengummi waseUnited States ubuncinane iminyaka esixhenxe, yaye babe ngummi weli lizwe abanqwenela ukulimela (nangona kuyimfuneko isithili esikhethekileyo).

Unyulo lweNtsimbi yeNtshona Koloni: Ungquzulwano

Abaququzeleli banyulwa ngonyulo olubanzi, okuthetha ukuba kufuneka babhenele kubavoti kulo lonke ilizwe labo kunokuba babe sisithili esithile. Ngenxa yokuba amabinzana eNdlu yeeNtlanganiso adlule iminyaka emithandathu kwaye ayashukuma, phantse isihlalo sesithathu seNdlu yeNtsimbi sikhuphiswana nakwesiphi na isigqeba sonyulo, esinika uzinzo oluthe kratya nokuqhubeka okungakumbi kwigumbi.

Abatshayeli kufuneka babe neminyaka engama-30 ubuncinane, babe ngummi wase-U.S. ubuncinane iminyaka esithoba, kwaye babe ngabahlali belo lizwe banqwenela ukulimela. Imfuno ephezulu kunye nemfuno yobumi ibonisa injongo yabaDali yokuba iNdlu yeNtsimbi ikhule ngakumbi, ibe ngumzimba onemava.

Okubangel ’ umdla kukuba, abaququzeleli babengasoloko benyulwa ngokuthe ngqo ngabantu. De kube kukwandiswa koMphetho-mda weSeventeenth ngowe-1913, izikhululo zowiso-mthetho zamazwe zakhetha abaququzeleli bendlu yowiso-mthetho, ngokufuthi ababekhokelela kubuqhetseba nasekubulaweni kwesondo. Isivakalisi sokulungisa saphawula ulwando oluphawulekayo lokuthabatha inxaxheba kwidemokhrasi kurhulumente waseMelika.

Inkqubo Yomthetho: Indlela Iibhiliyo Eziba Ngayo Imithetho

Ukuqonda indlela umthetho ohamba ngayo kwiKhonkxamentu kubalulekile kubemi abafuna ukuphembelela inkqubo. Le nkqubo intsonkothile ngabom, ineencopho ezininzi ezenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuqiqa ngokucokisekileyo nokuthintela imithetho eqwalaselweyo ukuba ingenziwa.

Impinda yokwazisa neyomsebenzi weKomiti

Naliphi na ilungu leKhomishini lingaseka ityala, nangona kungamalungu eNdlu kuphela anokungenisa amatyala emali. Xa sele etshilo, amatyala anikwa iikomiti ezifanelekileyo ezisekelwe kumbandela ongombandela wabo. Ezi komiti zisebenza njengesixhobo sokuqala sokucoca kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho, nenkoliso yamatyala aphela ekomitini ngaphandle kokuvota phantsi.

IiKomiti zinamatyala apho iingcali, abagcini-mali, kunye namaqela anomdla angangqina ngeziphumo zemali. Amalungu eKomiti aphikisana ngeemfanelo zemali, izicelo zemali, kwaye ekugqibeleni ivoti yokuba ingathunyelwa kusini na kwigumbi elipheleleyo ukuze kuqwalaselwe. Le nkqubo yekomiti ivumela amalungu ukuba ahlakulele ubuchule kwimimandla ethile yemigaqo ekhethekileyo kwaye inika amathuba okuhlolwa okuntsonkothile komthetho.

Ingxoxo yeNkcubeko noLuvo

Ukuba ityala liyikhupha kwikomiti, liqhubekela kumgangatho wegumbi ukuze kuqhutywe ingxoxo kunye nokuvota. Ingxoxo yomgangatho olawula imicimbi iyahluka ngokuphawulekayo phakathi kwendlu neNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNdlu. Kwindlu, iKomiti yeMimiselo imisela imiqathango engqongqo yexesha xa kuthethwa ngengxoxo kwaye imisela ukuba yeyiphi iinguqu ezinokunikelwa, ivumela iqela elininzi ukuba ligcine ukulawula ngokungqongqo inkqubo yemithetho.

IBhunga lisebenza phantsi kwemithetho ethambileyo enika isekela ngalinye amandla angakumbi okuphembelela okanye ukulibazisa umthetho. Abaququzeleli bangathetha ixesha elingenasiphelo ngaphandle kokuba ivoti iphele, kwaye banganika izilungiso phantse nakuwuphi na umxholo, nokuba ingahambelani nemithetho ephantsi. I-Freciebuster, ubuchule obuqhelekileyo apho abaququzeleli be-data bafaka ingxoxo ukunqanda ivoti, bafuna amavoti angama-60 okuphelisa, benika iqela elincinane izixhobo zokudlala ezibalulekileyo.

Ukuba umlomo udlula elinye igumbi, udlulela kwelinye igumbi, apho inkqubo iqala khona kwakhona. Ngenxa yokuba igumbi ngalinye lisoloko lidlula iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo zomthetho omnye, ikomiti yengqungquthela eyenziwe ngamalungu asuka kuzo zombini iigumbi idibana ukuze ixolise umahluko kwaye ivelise uhlobo olunye lokulalanisa.

Isenzo soMongameli

Xa la magumbi omabini egqitha iinguqulelo ezifanayo zemali, iya kuMongameli, oneenketho ezininzi. UMongameli angasayina ityala kumthetho, alibhekise kwaye alibuyisele kwiKhomishini ngaphandle kokuphikisa, okanye angathathi nyathelo. Ukuba uMongameli akathathi nyathelo ngexa iBhunga lengqungquthela isekho, umlomo uzenzeka umthetho emva kweentsuku ezilishumi. Noko ke, ukuba iBhunga lifaka isibambiso ngexesha leentsuku ezilishumi kwaye uMongameli akasayinanga, ufa koko kubizwa ngokuba yi-"pocket"veto."

IKhomishini ingayigqitha i-veto ekwindawo engaphezulu yomongameli kunye novoti ezibini ezi-3 emagumbini omabini, nangona oku kunqabile ngenxa yomqobo ophezulu ofunekayo. Le veto ilawula amandla abalulekileyo kwigunya eliphetheyo kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba iBhunga ligcine amandla omthetho apheleleyo.

IiKomiti Zengqungquthela: Apho Umsebenzi Wokwenene Wenzeka Khona

Ngeli xesha amavoti aphantsi neengxoxo zemigangatho zitsalela ingqalelo kumajelo eendaba, umsebenzi omninzi weBhunga uyenzeka kwiikomiti nakwiikomiti ezincinci. La maqela mancinane avumela amalungu ukuba aqaphe kwimimandla ethile yezomgaqo-nkqubo, aqhube uphando olunenkcukacha, kunye nomthetho wezobugcisa ofakelwe kwigalelo leengcali nakubaphathi-matyala.

Iindidi zeeKomiti

Ziikomiti ezimisayo ziziqu ezisisigxina ezijolise kwimimandla ethile yezolimo, iinkonzo zezixhobo, imfundo, amandla, imicimbi yangaphandle, ijaji, kunye nezithuthi. Ezi komiti ziphatha uninzi olukhulu lomsebenzi wowiso-mthetho kwaye ziqhuba ulawulo lwesebe elilawulayo kwimimandla yazo.

[[UMTHETHO: 0] Ukukhetha okanye ukukhetha iikomiti ezikhethekileyo ziziqu zokwexeshana zenzelwe ukuphanda ngeembambano ezithile okanye ukuqhuba izifundo ezikhethekileyo. Ezi komiti zisoloko zingenalo igunya lowiso-mthetho kodwa ziyakwazi ukuphatha iindlebe, ii-athopoenas, kwaye zivelise iingxelo eziphembelela uluvo lukawonke-wonke kunye nomthetho wexesha elizayo.

Iikomiti zeMali ziquka amalungu avela kwiNdlu kunye neNdlu yeNtlanganiso kunye nokujolisa ingqalelo kwimicimbi yolawulo okanye kwizifundo zokuqhuba kunokuba kuqwalaselwe umthetho. Imizekelo iquka iKomiti eManyeneyo yezezoqoqosho kunye neKomiti eQhebeneyo eMasipala.

Iikomiti zeConference ziikomiti ezidityanisiweyo zokwexeshana eziyilwe ukuxolelanisa umahluko phakathi kweNdlu yendlu neNdlu yeeNtsimbi yemithetho enye, zivelisa uhlobo lokulalanisa olunokuvotelwa ngala magumbi omabini.

Imisebenzi Yasekomitini

Izabelo zekomiti zifunwa kakhulu kuba zifuna ukulandelwa kuba zimisela ukuba zeziphi iimbambano ezinokuphembelela ngokuthe ngqo amalungu anomdla neziphi izintlu ezinokusebenza ngokunempumelelo.

Izihlalo zekomiti zinamandla amakhulu, zilawula ucwangciso lwekomiti, zibone ukuba ngawaphi amatyala afumana ukuviwa, kunye nokulawula abasebenzi bekomiti kunye nezinto. Izihlalo ziqhele ukuba ngawona malungu aphezulu kwiqela elikhulu kwikomiti nganye, nangona ukhokelo lweqela lunokudlula kubukhulu xa kuyimfuneko.

Indlela Ingqungquthela Ezimela Ngayo Izinto Onomdla Kuzo

Amalungu eBhunga asebenza iindima ezininzi, maxa wambi akhuphisanayo njengoko esebenzela ukumela abameli bawo. Ukuqonda ezi mpawu zahlukeneyo zomelo kunceda abemi baqonde iingxaki ezinzima abajamelene nazo abameli babo nendlela ezahlukeneyo abanokuphembelela ngazo inyathelo lokuhlanganisana.

Umelo lomthetho

Eyona ndlela ibonakalayo yokumela yenzeka ngokhetho lomthetho. Amalungu kufuneka agqibe ukuba avote ngokusekelwe kwizinto azithandayo, umgwebo wawo ngokona kulungileyo kwelizwe, indawo yeqela lawo, okanye udityaniso oluthile lwale mibandela. Olu xinezeleko luphakathi kokusebenza njenge "delegate" ebonakalisa nje uluvo lwe-actratic kunye no-"ummeli" oqhelisela ugwebo oluzimeleyo ukususela ekusungulweni kwedemokhrasi yabameli.

Amalungu akwamela iziqu zawo ngokuxhasa nangokuxhasa umthetho othetha ngemibandela ebalulekileyo kwisithili okanye kumazwe awo. Ngoxa amatyala amaninzi engaze abe ngumthetho, ukusungula umthetho kuvumela amalungu ukuba abonise ukuzinikela kwawo kwizinto ezithile aze akhe iminqophiso enxulumene neengcamango zenkqubo.

Iinkonzo ezi-Ofisi

Ngaphandle kokwenza umthetho, amalungu eBhunga kunye nabasebenzi bawo bachitha ixesha elininzi benceda abaququzeleli ukuba balawule imigaqo-nkqubo yorhulumente kunye nokucombulula iingxaki nabameli bakarhulumente. Lo "umsebenzi" usenokubandakanya ukunceda amava okufikelela kwiingenelo, ukunceda ngemibandela yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo-ntle okanye yeMedicare, ukucombulula amatyala okufuduka, okanye ukucombulula iingxaki kumaqumrhu karhulumente.

Ii-ofisi zeBhunga nazo zinceda abasebenzi kunye nemibutho ekhuselekileyo yemibutho ekhuselekileyo, ilungelelanisa iinkqubo zolawulo, kwaye iqonde indlela ezichaphazeleka ngayo kwimigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente. Ngeli xesha lo msebenzi unqabile ukwenza imixholo ephambili, uxatyiswa kakhulu ngabameli kwaye unceda amalungu agcine unxulumano oluqinileyo nabantu abameleyo.

Ukulawula Nophando

IBhunga lisebenzisa umsebenzi walo wokuvelela ngokuqwalasela indlela amasebe aphetheyo amisa ngayo imithetho, aphengulule oko kunokwenzeka ukuba kwenziwe okubi, kunye nokuva iindlebe ukuze kuqwalaselwe imibandela ebalulekileyo. Le ndima yokuvelela isebenza njengendlela ebalulekileyo yokuhlola igunya elinegunya kwaye inceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba amasebe alawulayo ahlala ephendula kubameli babantu.

Ngolwazi lwekomiti, uphando, namandla okufumana amaxwebhu namangqina, iKhomishini ingakhanyisa ngemisebenzi karhulumente, ibhence iingxaki, kunye nemikhosi yengcinezelo yokutshintsha izenzo zayo. Lo msebenzi wobuveleli umela indlela ebalulekileyo yokukhusela izilangazelelo zeqela labantu naxa zinganyanzelekanga.

Unxibelelwano nemfundo

Umelo olusebenzayo lufuna unxibelelwano oluqhubekayo phakathi kwamalungu kunye nabo bawameleyo. Amalungu asebenzisa amajelo ahlukahlukeneyo ukuhlala exelelwe ngeenkxalabo ezinxulumene ne-antrakthi, nokucacisa iindawo nezenzo zawo. Iintlanganiso zeholo yedolo, iiyure zeeofisi zesithili, amaphetshana, amajelo-ndaba, kunye nokubonakala kwezezenkcubeko zonxibelelwano olubalulekileyo konke kunceda ukugcina olu nxibelelwano lubalulekileyo.

Amalungu akwasebenzela ukufundisa intlupheko yeenkqubo ezintsonkothileyo, ewanceda aqonde indlela umthetho wesizwe ochaphazela ngayo ubomi bawo kunye noluntu. Le ndima yemfundo ibaluleka ngakumbi xa kuxoxwa ngemibandela yobugcisa okanye entsonkothileyo engafumani ngxelo-ndaba ininzi.

Indima Yemibhiyozo Yezobupolitika Kwingqungquthela

Ngoxa umGaqo-siseko ungakhankanyi ngamaqela ezobupolitika, aye aba ngowona mthombo kwindlela esebenza ngayo iKhomishini. Ukudibanisa iQela kubumba izabelo zeekomiti, iindawo zokhokelo, iindlela zokuvota, kunye nemigaqo yomthetho jikelele. Ukuqonda iinkalo zeqela kubalulekile ekuqondeni indlela esebenza ngayo iBhunga.

Ukhokelo noMbutho weQela

Iqela ngalinye kumagumbi omabini likhetha iinkokeli ezilungelelanisa ucwangciso lwemithetho, zilawula imicimbi yomgangatho, kwaye zisebenza njengabameli bakawonke-wonke. ENdlu, uninzi lweqela lunyula iSpeaker, ngelixa omabini amaqumrhu eenkokeli ezininzi kunye namaqumrhu amancinane asebenza ukwandisa izikhundla zeqela lawo, nobalo lwezivotelo phambi kokuba umthetho obalulekileyo ufike phantsi.

IBhunga leNtlanganiso nenkokeli ezincinane zidlala indima efanayo, nangona imithetho yeNdlu yeeNtsimbi inika iziqu zabo ngabanye inkululeko engaphezulu kunaleyo amalungu eNdlu. Iinkokeli zeqela zilawula oovimba abaxabisekileyo, kuquka izabelo zeekomiti, inkxaso, kunye nokufikelela kwiindawo zokhokelo, zibanika amandla abalulekileyo ngaphezu kwamalungu aphezulu nefayili.

Impembelelo Yeqela Ekuncokoleni

Ukunxulumana kweQela kuphembelela ngamandla indlela amalungu avota ngayo, ingakumbi kwimiba ephezulu ebandakanya abavoti. Umanyano lweQela luye lwanda ngokuphawulekayo kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, namalungu okuvota neqela lawo kwimithetho emininzi. Oku kuhlahlela koorhobo kwimibutho edityanisiweyo kunye nezigqibo zeqela ukugxininisa ukwahluka kwemiqathango yeqela.

Noko ke, ngamanye amaxesha amalungu ayaphulwa litheko lawo, ingakumbi xa izikhundla zeqela zingqubana nezinto ezikhethwa ngabantu okanye iinkolelo zabo. Amalungu ezingingqi okanye amazwe asoloko ejongene nengcinezelo yokubonakalisa inkululeko kwiqela lawo ukuze abhenele kubavoti abalungeleleneyo.

Amandla neembopheleleko Zengqungquthela

UmGaqo-siseko unika iNgqungquthela eninzi yamandla adlulela ngaphaya nje kokudlulisa imithetho. La mandla enza iCongress ibe lisebe elilinganayo likarhulumente kwaye anikezele iingcebiso eziyimfuneko kwigunya eliphetheyo nelokugweba.

Amandla oMthetho

IBhunga linegunya kwirhafu yelevy, liboleka imali, lilawula urhwebo oluphakathi kwelizwe nakwamanye amazwe, imali yengqekembe, ukuseka iiofisi zeposi, ukunikeza imvume kunye nokukhutshelwa kwamalungelo, ukubhengeza imfazwe, ukuphakamisa nokuxhasa imikhosi, kwaye lenze yonke imithetho "eyimfuneko nefanelekileyo" yokuphumeza amagunya ayo omgaqo-siseko. La mandla adweliswe, adityaniswe "efanelekileyo nefanelekileyo" icandelo, inika iBhunga igunya elibanzi kumgaqo-nkqubo wasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.

Amandla Okuthenga

Elinye lawona magunya abalulekileyo eBhunga kukulawula inkcitho karhulumente. Akukho mali inokuthathwa kuveliswa ngaphandle kokucaciswa okwenziwa ngumthetho, inika iKhonglathe igunya elipheleleyo kwinkxaso karhulumente. Eli "gunya lemali" linika isixhaso esibalulekileyo phezu kwesebe eliphetheyo, njengoko amaqumrhu exhomekeke kwimibutho elungelelanisa umsebenzi.

Inkqubo yoqingqo-mali yonyaka kunye nenkqubo yokuququzelela ibandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi, kuquka isindululo soqingqo-mali soMongameli, izigqibo zoququzelo lohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali, kunye nokumisela imigangatho yokusetyenziswa kwemali, kunye nenkcazo nganye yemali ehlawulwayo exhasa amasebe athile neenkqubo. Xa iBhunga kunye noMongameli bengenakuvumelana ngemali, ukuvalwa koorhulumente kunokwenzeka, ukubalaseliswa kobu bunzima bamandla engqungquthela.

Amandla Emfazwe

UMgaqo-siseko unika iNgqungquthela amandla okuvakalisa imfazwe, ukuphakamisa nokuxhasa imikhosi, kwaye wenze imithetho yolawulo lwemikhosi. Noko ke, indima kaMongameli njengeNkulumbuso kwiNtloko ibangele uxinezeleko oluqhubekayo kumagunya emfazwe, nabona balawuli bemikhosi abasoloko besenza imikhosi ngaphandle kwezabelo ezisemthethweni zemfazwe.

ISigqibo soMkhosi weMfazwe sowewaka lika-1973 sazama ukuphinda sibekwe igunya lobungqungquthela ngokufuna ukuba uMongameli azise iBhunga kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-48 ekuba enze imikhosi exhobileyo, arhoxe imikhosi kwisithuba seentsuku ezingama-60 ngaphandle kokuba iKhomishini ivume ukuqhubekeka komkhosi. Noko ke, iingxoxo ngokulungelelana okufanelekileyo kwamandla emfazwe phakathi kweBhunga kunye noMongameli zisaqhubeka nanamhlanje.

Ukuqinisekisa Namandla Omnqophiso

Amandla eNdlu yeeNtsimbi ukuqinisekisa ukubekwa komongameli kunye nezivumelwano ze-rafy inika uvavanyo olubalulekileyo kwigunya eliphetheyo. Isiqinisekiso sivumela abaququzeleli ukuba bahlolisise iimfaneleko zabalawuli, bahlolisise iimbono zabo kwimibandela ebalulekileyo, baze balahle ezo zigqalwa njengezingafanelekanga. Amadabi aphezulu-profile aqinisekisiweyo kwiiJaji eziPhakamileyo kunye namalungu eKhabhinethi abonakalisa ukubaluleka kwalo mandla.

Ukwandiswa kwesivumelwano kufuna iCanten Catal eneeNteko ezimbini ezithathu, umqobo ophezulu onika iqela elincinane impembelelo ephawulekayo kumgaqo-nkqubo wamanye amazwe. Ngamanye amaxesha oomongameli bayayiphepha le mfuneko ngokudibanisa izivumelwano zegunya ezingafuni imvume yeNdlu yeeNtsimi, nangona ezi zivumelwano zinokutshintshwa ngoomongameli bexesha elizayo.

Indlela Yokuqhagamshelana Nabameli Bakho

Ummi ophumelelayo othembisana neNgqungquthela uqala ngokwazi indlela yokuthetha nabameli bakho uze uvakalise ilizwi lakho.

Ukufumana Abameli Bakho

Phambi kokuba uqhagamshelane nabameli bakho, kufuneka wazi ukuba bangoobani. Ungafumana abameli bendlu yakho ngokungena kwikhowudi yakho ye Zip kwi . Indlu yewebhsayithi yabameli. Abalinganisi bakho bamela imeko yakho iphela, ukuze ubafumane ngokukhetha imeko yakho kwi webhsayithi [[FLT:][FLT]].[FLT:]

Iindlela Zonxibelelwano

iminxeba yePhono ihlala iyenye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokunxibelelana nee-ofisi zoburhulumente. Ilungu ngalinye ligcina zombini iWashington, D.C. kunye ne-ofisi zesithili okanye isithili ezinenombolo zomnxeba ezidweliswe kwii-website zazo ezisemthethweni. Xa ubiza, zilungiselele ukunikezela ngegama lakho kunye nedilesi ukuqinisekisa ukuba usisijikelezisi, lichaze ngokufutshane indawo yakho kwinkupho, kwaye licele ilungu ukuba lithathe isenzo esithile.

Iintsebenziswano, nokuba ngeposi okanye i-imeyili, ikuvumela ukuba unikezele iimpikiswano ezineenkcukacha nenkcukacha. Ezileta kufuneka zibe zifutshane, zijolise kwinkupho enye, zichaze ngokucacileyo indawo yakho, kwaye ziquke ulwazi lwakho loqhagamshelano. Ngelixesha i-imeyili ikhawulezisa, abanye abasebenzi bombutho bafumana ingxelo yokuba iileta eziphathekayo zifumana ingqwalasela engakumbi kuba zifuna umgudu omkhulu wokuthumela.

Iintlanganiso eziquka i-person kwii-ofisi zesithili okanye zephondo zinika amathuba eengxoxo ezincinci. Ngelixesha ukudibana ngqo nommeli wakho kusenokuba nzima ngenxa yemisebenzi yabo exakekileyo, ukudibana namalungu abasebenzi asebenza kwimimandla ethile yenkqubo ethile kungenza imveliso enkulu. La malungu abasebenzi asoloko enempembelelo enkulu phezu kwendawo ye-ofisi yawo kwaye avuye ngqo kwii-'scredies' ezichaziweyo.

[[NTLA] I-media ye- iye yaba lijelo lonxibelelwano elibaluleke ngakumbi, kunye namaninzi amalungu agcina iingxelo ezisebenzayo, ze-Facebook, kunye ne-Instagram. Ngelixesha ii-ofisi zoluntu zonxibelelwano loluntu zinokufumana ingqalelo encinane kunezinxulumanisi ezithe ngqo, zinokubanceda ukwakha uxinzelelo lukawonke-wonke kwimibandela kwaye zibonise ububanzi benkxalabo ye-Atlanti.

Ukwenza Unxibelelwano Lwakho Luphumelele

Ukunyusa impembelelo yothungelwano lwakho, qwalasela kwimiba apho unolwazi okanye unobuchule, uzichaze ngokucacileyo njengomntu, yiba ngqo ngenyathelo ofuna ummeli wakho alithabathe, uze uhlale unentlonelo naxa ungavumelani. Abasebenzi beBhunga basenokuthatha nzulu unxibelelwano olucingisisiweyo, olunolwazi nolunoluntu.

Ukumisa imicimbi kwakhona. Ukuqhagamshelana nabameli bakho phambi kwevoti enkulu okanye phakathi kwamaqondo okuqala eengxoxo zenkqubo kubenza babe bhetyebhetye ngakumbi ukuze baphendule inkxalabo yakho. Unxibelelwano olufikayo emva kwezigqibo zenziweyo alunampembelelo ingako, nangona lusenako ukuphembelela izikhundla zexesha elizayo.

Iindlela Zokubandakanyeka Ngokuzeleyo

Ngaphandle kokuqhagamshelana nabameli bakho, kukho amathuba amaninzi okuba abemi babandakanyeke ngokunzulu ngakumbi kwiNgqungquthela kunye nenkqubo yowiso-mthetho. Ukuthabatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo komeleza idemokhrasi kwaye kwandisa amandla akho okuphembelela iziphumo zenkqubo.

Yiya Kwiintlanganiso Zedolo NeeNkundla Zoluntu

Iintlanganiso zeholo yedolo zinika amathuba abalulekileyo okuphulaphula ngqo kubameli bakho, ukubuza imibuzo, nokuchaza iimbono zakho kwindawo kawonke-wonke. Ezi ziganeko zidla ngokwenzeka xa iMbutho isekhefini kwaye amalungu ebuyela kwisithili okanye kwimimandla yabo. Iiholo zedolophana zikuvumela ukuba ubone indlela abameli bakho abasabela ngayo kwimicimbi efuna amaqela abo nokunxulumana nabanye abemi abathenjiweyo kwingingqi yakho.

Ukuze ufumane iintlanganiso zeholo yedolophu, jonga iiwebhsayithi ezisemthethweni zabameli bakho, iingxelo zezentlalo-ntle, kunye neemvelaphi ze-themin media. Amanye amalungu abhengeza iiholo zedolophu kusengaphambili, ngoxa amanye enika isaziso esifutshane. Ukufika kwangoko kwandisa amathuba akho okufumana indawo yokuhlala nokubizwa ukuba ubuze imibuzo.

Ukuba Nenxaxheba Kukhetho

Unyulo oluphambili noluqhelekileyo lumela eyona ndlela isisiseko yokuphembelela oyena mntu ukumela kwiBhunga. Unyulo oluphambili, olumisela abachongi beqela ngalinye, ngokufuthi lufumana ingqalelo encinane kunonyulo ngokubanzi kodwa lungalinganayo okanye lubaluleke kakhulu, ingakumbi kwisithili okanye kumazwe apho iqela elinye lilawula khona.

Ngaphandle kokuvota, ungasebenza ngokuzithandela kwiphulo lokuvota, unikele kwabaza kuthabatha imilinganiselo yakho, uze uncede abavoti ababhalisayo ekuhlaleni. Amatsha - ntliziyo asebenza ngemfonomfono, ankqonkqoza ezindlwini, iziganeko zabasebenzi, kunye nemisebenzi emininzi enceda abo bavoti baqhagamshelane nabo baze bakhuphe imiyalezo yabo.

Dibanisa imibutho yobuchule

Amaqela obuchule ajolise ingqalelo kwimibandela ethile okanye amele ii-contitution ezithile zisebenza ukuphembelela inyathelo lobuhlanga ngokukhuthaza, ngokukhuthaza, ngokukhuthaza, nangemfundo kawonke-wonke. Ukuthelela le mibutho kuqinisa ilizwi lakho ngokudibanisa imicimbi yakho nabanye ababelana ngayo nabanikela ubuchule, oovimba, kunye nobuchule bokuququzelela ubuqhetseba.

Le mibutho isuka kumaqela amakhulu esizwe anjenge-American Civil Liberties Union, Sierra Club, okanye i-National Rifle Association ukuya kwimibutho emincinci ejolise kwimibandela ethile okanye kwingingqi ezithile.

Nikela Amagqabaza Kawonke - wonke Nobungqina

Iikomiti zeKhonklamsi zisoloko zivuma ubungqina obubhaliweyo namagqabaza kawonke-wonke angemithetho okanye amatyala alindeleyo aphengululwayo. Ngoxa ungacelwa ukuba unikele ubungqina emntwini ngaphandle kokuba unobuchule obuthile okanye umela intlangano ethile, ukuthobela ubungqina obubhaliweyo kukuvumela ukuba ubeke iimbono zakho kule ngxelo kwaye ucinge ngempembelelo yamalungu ekomiti.

Iiwebhsayithi zeKomiti zinika iinkcukacha malunga nokuchongwa okuzayo nendlela yokunikela ubungqina. Iincwadi ezibhaliweyo kufuneka zibhalwe ngokufutshane, zilungelelaniswe kakuhle, zixhaswe bubungqina okanye amava obuqu anxulumene nomba oqwalaselwayo.

Hlala Unolwazi

Kufuneka ukwazi oko kwenziwa yiBhunga nendlela abavoti bakho abavota ngayo. Iinkonzo ezininzi zinokukunceda ulandele umsebenzi wengqungquthela, kuquka iiwebhsayithi zombutho-siseko ezisemthethweni, imibutho yeendaba egquma iBhunga, namaqela ajonge imibandela ethile.

Igosa elisemthethweni .. Iwebsite yegov inika ulwazi olubanzi malunga neendleko, iivoti, imisebenzi yekomiti, kunye nolwazi lwamalungu. Ungaphengulula umthetho ngesihloko, iindleko ezithile, kwaye ubone indlela abameli bakho abavota ngayo kwimilinganiselo ethile. Ukucwangcisa izilumkiso ngemibandela ozikhathaleleyo malunga nezenzo zombutho ezinxulumene nentlanganiso.

Qokelela okanye uthelekise iphulo lokubhala ileta

Amaphulo okubhala alungelelanisiweyo abonisa inkxalabo ebanzi ngemiba ethile kwaye angaphembelela isenzo sombutho. Ngelixesha oonobumba ngabanye bethwele ubunzima, befumana amakhulu okanye amawaka oonobumba malunga nombandela omnye bathumela umyalezo onamandla onokuthi ukhathazwe ngokunzulu ngalo mbandela.

Xa uthabatha inxaxheba kumaphulo okubhala ileta, sebenzisa umyalezo wakho ngokobuqu kunokusuka nje ukhuphele isikhokelo. Abasebenzi beKhonklane bangachaza indlela yoonobumba, kunye nonxibelelwano oluzizo oluchazayo indlela umbandela okuchaphazela ngayo ngokobuqu othwele ubunzima obungaphezulu kunemiyalezo eqhelekileyo.

Etyeleleni eWashington, D.C.

Ukutyelela iCapitol kunye nabameli bakho okanye abasebenzi babo eWashington kunika ithuba elikhethekileyo lokubona iNgqungquthela isebenza kwaye uvakalise ilizwi lakho. Iintlangano ezininzi zobugqwirha zilungelelanisa "iintsuku zeqaqo-wa" apho abaxhasi bahamba besiya eWashington ukuya kudibana nee-ofisi zembutho kunye nabameli beenkqubo ezithile.

Ungatyelela ngokuzimeleyo, nangona kufuneka uqhagamshelane nee-ofisi zabameli bakho kusengaphambili ukuze ucele iintlanganiso. Kwanokuba awukwazi ukudibana nommeli wakho ngqo, udibana namalungu abasebenzi asingatha imicimbi oyikhathaleleyo anokuba nemveliso kakhulu. Xa useWashington, ungaya kwintlanganiso zekomiti, ungabukela umgangatho osuka kwisakhiwo sikawonke-wonke, kwaye ukhenkethe iCapitol.

Ukuqonda Imilinganiselo Yolawulo

Amalungu eBhunga axhomekeke kwimithetho eyahlukeneyo yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kunye nobuchule bokuphendula ityala obulungiselelwe ukuthintela ukonakala, ukungqubana komdla, nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwegunya. Ukuqonda le mithetho kunceda abemi bavavanya indlela abaziphatha ngayo abameli babo baze bababeke ityala ngokuchasana kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha.

Iimfuno zeNkcitho yezeMali

Amalungu eBhunga kufuneka abhale phantsi iingxelo zemali zonyaka ezichaza ingeniso, iimpahla, amatyala, kunye nentengiselwano yemali. Ezi ngxelo, ezikhoyo esidlangalaleni, zinceda ukuchaza iingxabano ezinokwenzeka zenzala kwaye ziqinisekisa ukuba amalungu awasebenzisi izikhundla zawo ukuze azuze imali.

Amalungu kufuneka atyhile izipho azifumanayo, ngemida engqongqo emalunga nexabiso lezipho ezivela kubantu abafuna inkxaso kunye nemibutho enomdla phambi kweNkqutyana. Ezi mfuneko zokutyhilwa zikhuthaza ukubaleka kwengqiqo kwaye zivumela abemi namaqela ajongileyo ukuba ajonge imibandela enxulumene nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha.

Imithetho yeMali yeCandelo

Imithetho yezemali yephondo ilawula indlela abathathi-nxaxheba abaqokelela imali nabayisebenzisa ngayo, ifuna ukutyhilwa okunenkcukacha zeminikelo neenkcitho. Le mithetho ilinganisela ukuba zingaphi igalelo abantu abanokuba nalo ngokuthe ngqo kubantu abaza kubhaptizwa, nangona izigqibo zeNkundla Ephakamileyo zivumele ukusetyenziswa okungenasiphelo kwamaqela angaphandle angadibani ngqo namaphulo.

Iingxelo zemali zephulo zifumaneka ekuhleni ngeKhomishini yoNkqulu-Nkululo, ivumela abemi babone ukuba ngubani oxhasa amaphulo abameli babo. Oku kunceda abavoti bahlolisise ukuba abameli babo banokuphenjelelwa ngokungeyomfuneko ngabani na abanikeli okanye ngamaqela amatsha.

IKomiti yeMicimbi

Indlu neNdlu yeeNdlela yeNkcubeko zigcina iikomiti zemigaqo ephanda ngokophulwa kwemithetho yegumbi nomthetho karhulumente. Ezi komiti zingancomela izigwebo ezisuka ekukhalimeleni ukuya ekugxothweni, nangona igumbi elipheleleyo kufuneka livote ukuze limisele izigwebo ezinzulu.

Abemi bangazidibanisa ezi komiti izikhalazo zemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, nangona iikomiti zinobuchule bokuhlola izikhalazo ezimele ziphandwe. Umsebenzi weekomiti udla ngokuqhutywa ngokufihlakeleyo, nangona ulwaphulo-mthetho olunzulu luye lwenziwe elubala.

Impembelelo Yezigqibo Zombutho - mandla Kubomi Bemihla Ngemihla

Izenzo zombutho zichaphazela phantse zonke iinkalo zobomi baseMerika, nangona uqhagamshelwano lungasoloko lucacile. Ukuqonda ezi mpembelelo kunceda abemi baqonde ukuba kutheni le mibandela yokuganana embuthweni yaye yiyiphi imibandela abasenokufuna ukuyiqwalasela.

Umgaqo-nkqubo wezoqoqosho

Iingqungquthela zilungisa iimeko zezoqoqosho ngomgaqo-nkqubo werhafu, ngokusebenzisa iinkcitho, nangokwalathisa ulawulo lwezorhwebo. Umthetho werhafu umisela ukuba umntu ngamnye neshishini lihlawula malini kwirhafu karhulumente kwaye yiyiphi imisebenzi efumana intshukumisa yerhafu. Ukusetyenziswa kwezigqibo kuchaphazela yonke into, ukususela ekutyaleni ingeniso yesiseko ukuya kwimfundo ukuya kwiinkqubo zokhuseleko loluntu.

Ulawulo lweBhunga lolawulo lwemali, inkqubo yorhwebo, kunye nenkqubo yemali ikwachaphazela iimeko zezoqoqosho, ukusungulwa komsebenzi, namathuba oshishino. Ezi zigqibo zichaphazela ishekethi yomvuzo wakho, iindleko zempahla neenkonzo, kunye nempilo yezoqoqosho.

Impilo

Izigqibo zeKhomishoni zibumba ukufikelela kwezempilo, iindleko, nomgangatho womthetho olawula iMedicare, iMedicaid, iAffordal Care Act, iprojekthi ye-act, kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo we-inshorensi yempilo. Le nkqubo imisela ichaza ukuba ngubani okwaziyo ukufikelela kwimpilo, ziziphi iinkonzo eziqukwayo, nokuba umntu ngamnye neentsapho zihlawula malini na ekunyanzelweni kwempilo.

Inkxaso - mali yeBhunga lokuxhasa uphando lwamayeza, iinkqubo zempilo kawonke wonke, nophuhliso lwabezonyango nayo ichaphazela ukufumaneka nomgangatho weenkonzo zonyango kulo lonke elo lizwe.

Imfundo

Inkqubo yemfundo yomanyano, ebunjwe yiKhonkxalane, iphembelela izikolo zeK-12, imfundo ephakamileyo, kunye neenkqubo zoqeqesho lwasemsebenzini. Izigqibo zombutho-siseko malunga neenkqubo zokufunda, ii-Pel Grants, kunye nezinye uncedo lwemali zichaphazela ukuphumelela nokufikeleleka kwemfundo ekhethekileyo. Ukuxhasa iinkqubo zeSihlokomelo I zabafundi abasweleyo, kunye nezinye iingcebiso zemfundo zesizwe zichaphazela izikolo kwiphondo ngalinye.

Imeko-bume namandla

Isenzo sombutho kukhuseleko lwemekobume, ukutshintsha kwemozulu, kunye nenkqubo yamandla echaphazela umoya kunye nomgangatho wamanzi, amazwe kawonke-wonke, kunye nokuguqukela kumandla acocekileyo. Ezi zigqibo ziphembelela imekobume ohlala kuyo, imithombo yamandla alawula ikhaya lakho kunye nenqwelo-mafutha yakho, kunye nokulondolozwa kwemichiza yendalo ixesha elide.

Amalungelo asekuhlaleni kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wentlalo

IBhunga linendima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni amalungelo abantu, ekukhuthazeni amathuba alinganayo, nasekuthetheni ngemibandela engokwentlalo.

Iingxaki Ezijamelene Neentlangano Namhlanje

Ukuqonda le ngxaki ijongene neNkomfa kunceda abemi bayiqonde indlela entsonkothileyo ngayo inkqubo yowiso - mthetho yaye bayazicingisisa kakuhle izinto ezinokutshintshwa.

Name

Ukwanda kokudityaniswa kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo eenqanawa kwenza kwaba nzima ngakumbi ukusebenzisana ne-bipartisan, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni i-project i-oved project idibane kwimibandela emininzi ebalulekileyo. Amaqela aye ahlukane ngokweengcamango, namalungu alungele ukusebenza ngaphaya kwemigca yeqela. Oku kudibanisa amathala-mazwe ahlukeneyo kubonisa ukwahlukana okunzulu kwibutho lamaMerika kodwa kwakhona kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ngeNgqungquthela ukucotha iengxaki ezintsonkothileyo ezifuna ulalaniso.

Imali Kwezobupolitika

Ixabiso elinyukayo lamaphulo kunye nempembelelo yabanikeli bezityebi kunye nezilangazelelo ezikhethekileyo zinyusa inkxalabo yokuba amalungu eBhunga asabela kusini na kwiingingqi eziqhelekileyo okanye kwabo baxhasa amaphulo abo. Ngoxa imithetho yezemali yezemali ifuna ukutyhilwa, ayikuthintelanga ukuthuthelwa kwemali kwezobupolitika ekufikeleleni kumgangatho ongenakuthelekiswa nanto.

Ukuphelisa Intembelo Kawonke - wonke

Ukuvunywa kukawonke-wonke kweBhunga kuye kwahlala kusezantsi kangangeminyaka, kubonakalisa ukunxunguphala ngenxa yokungalawuleki kwemigaqo, amahlazo emilinganiselo yokuziphatha, kunye nembono yokuba iBhunga alinxibelelani nabantu abaqhelekileyo baseMerika. Oku kuthenjiswa kwentelekelelo kwenza kube nzima ngeNkomfa ukwakha inkxaso yemigaqo enzima kodwa efunekayo kwaye kunciphisa igunya lamaziko olawulo-demokhrasi.

Ulwazi Oluninzi Nenkcazelo Ephosakeleyo

Ukudubuleka kwemithombo yolwazi, kunye nokusasazwa kwenkcazelo ephosakeleyo, kwenza kube nzima ngabemi ukuhlala benolwazi oluchanileyo ngesenzo sobungqungquthela. Amajelo eendaba adla ngokunikela inkcazelo ekhethayo okanye elahlekisayo, ngoxa ialgorithm zezentlalo-ntle zingenza amagumbi eentlokoma akhuthaza iinkolelo ezikhoyo kunokuba abhence abantu kwiimbono ezahlukeneyo.

Ikamva Lomelo Lwengqungquthela

Njengokuba ibutho lamaMerika liguquka, iBhunga kufuneka liziqhelanise nokuhlala lisebenza kwaye lingummeli. Izimo eziliqela kunye neziguquli ezinokwenzeka zingabumba ikamva lomelo lwengqungquthela.

Iinguqu Zomfanekiso

Ukwanda kokwahluka-hluka kweMelika kuboniswa ngokuthe ngcembe kwiBhunga, ngokunyuka kwamanani amabhinqa, abantu abanemibala, kunye namalungu ahlukeneyo asebenza kuzo zombini iigumbi. Olu tshintsho luzisa iimbono ezintsha nezinto eziza kuqala kucwangciso lwengqungquthela kwaye lunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba iBhunga libonakalisa bhetele ilizwe elimele lona.

Ubuxhakaxhaka kunye nothungelwano

Ubuxhakaxhaka butshintsha indlela amalungu anxibelelana ngayo nabantu abazimeleyo, imigaqo-nkqubo yokuqhuba imigaqo-nkqubo. Ijelo-nkqubo loluntu, ividiyo, kunye nezixhobo zekhompyutha zivelisa amathuba amatsha okuthembisana kwabemi ngoxa zisenza imingeni enxulumene nenkcazelo ephosakeleyo nomgangatho wentetho yesidlangalala.

Utshintsho Oluza Kubakho

Iintlobo-ntlobo zotshintsho ziye zacetyiswa ukuphendula imingeni yeBhunga, kuquka utshintsho lwezenkxaso yezenkxaso, ulungiso lokuncitshiswa kwemithetho yeGebrymander, iinguqu kwimithetho yeNdlu yeeNtsimbi ukunciphisa iqhina lentambo, kunye nemilinganiselo yokwandisa ukubonakala nokuncitshiswa kwempembelelo yeminqweno ekhethekileyo. Ngelixesha olu tshintsho lujongene nemiqobo ebalulekileyo yezopolitiko, lumela iindlela ezinokuphumelela ngakumbi nezimele iBhunga elisebenzayo.

Indima Yakho Kulawulo - melo Lomelo

Ekugqibeleni, ukuphumelela komelo lwengqungquthela kuxhomekeke ekuthembiseni ummi ngokuzimisela nangolwazi. Idemokhrasi asingomdlalo wababukeli, kodwa ifuna ukuba nenxaxheba, ulumke, nokukulungela ukuphendula amagosa anyuliweyo.

Ngokuqonda indlela iBhunga elisebenza ngayo, ukuhlala wazi ngemibandela ebalulekileyo, ukunxibelelana nabameli bakho, nokuba nenxaxheba kunyulo, uzalisekisa iimbopheleleko zakho njengommi kwaye unceda uqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente uyaqhubeka esabela kubantu abakhonzayo.

Ulwalamano phakathi kwabemi nabameli babo lufuna ukuva kwabo kumalungu ukuze baqonde inkxalabo nezinto zabo eziza kuqala, ngeli xesha abemi befuna abameli abaza kuphulaphula baze benze okuthile ngenxa yabo. Ukuqinisa olu lwalamano kufuna umgudu osuka kumacala omabini, kodwa imivuzo iquka iziphumo ezingcono zenkqubo, amaziko olawulo-melo omeleleyo, kunye norhulumente omela ngokwenene izilangazelelo neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zabantu baseMerika.

Ukuthabatha Inyathelo: Amanyathelo Alandelayo

Ngoku uyayiqonda indlela omele ngayo iCongress kunye neendlela ezininzi onokudibana ngazo nabameli bakho, lixesha lokuthatha amanyathelo. Nawa amanyathelo acacileyo onokuwathatha namhlanje ukuze ube ngummi othenjiweyo nophumelelayo:

  • Ibonisa abameli bakho kwindlu nendlu yeCamelo kwaye igcine ulwazi lwabo loqhagamshelwano
  • Sibekela phezulu amaphetshana-zincwadi avela kwii-ofisi zabameli bakho ukuhlala benolwazi ngemisebenzi yabo nangeendawo zabo
  • Ulandela iKhonkethi.gov ukulandelela umthetho kwimibandela oyikhathaleleyo
  • Seta isikhumbuzi ukuqhagamshelana nabameli bakho ubuncinane kanye kwikota nganye malunga nemibandela ebalulekileyo kuwe
  • Ubhaliso lokwenza ivoti ukuba awukade usenza, kwaye phawula imihla yonyulo kwikhalenda yakho
  • Intlanganiso yeholo yedolophu okanye esinye isiganeko sikawonke-wonke apho ungadibana nabameli bakho
  • Iqukumbe umbutho omnye wobugcisa ojoliswe kwimiba oyikhathaleleyo
  • Incoko nabahlobo kunye nentsapho malunga nemicimbi yentlanganiso kwaye ibakhuthaze ukuba babendakanyeke
  • [[UMTL: 0] Umkhuphi wephulo okanye umkhuphi amaxabiso akhe ahambelana nawe
  • [[UMTL: 0] Hlala unolwazi ngokulandela imithombo yeendaba ethembekileyo egquma inyathelo loququzelela ingqungquthela
  • ulwazi oluchanekileyo olunika intlawulo malunga neNgqungquthela kunye nenkqubo yowiso-mthetho ukunceda ukulwa nenkcazelo ephosakeleyo
  • Babambe abameli bakho benobutyala ngokufumana amavoti abo nangokubathelekisa namadinga abo ephulo

Khumbula ukuba ukunyanzelisa impumelelo kukuthatha umdyarho, hayi ukunyanzelisa. Ukubophelela okuqinileyo ngexesha elithile kwakha ulwalamano neeofisi zombutho, kubonisa ubunzulu bozibophelelelo lwakho kwimibandela, kwaye kwandisa impembelelo yakho kwiziphumo zenkqubo. Qala ngamanyathelo amancinane, anokulawuleka kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe wandisa inxaxheba yakho njengoko ukhululeka ngakumbi kwinkqubo.

IBhunga laseUnited States lingolwabantu baseMerika, yaye amalungu alo ayasebenza kuwe. Ngokuqonda indlela iCongress esebenza ngayo kwaye enenxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi, unceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba esi siko sibalulekileyo sihlala sisabela, sinobutyala, kwaye siphumelela ekucombululeni iingxaki ezijamelene nohlanga lwethu. Ilizwi lakho libalulekile, ukuba nenxaxheba kwakho kwenza umahluko, yaye ukuthembisa kwakho komeleza idemokhrasi yangoku neyezizukulwana ezizayo.