Uncedo lwamanye amazwe lusoloko lusisixhobo sophuhliso lwezizwe ngezizwe, kodwa indima yalo ekukhuthazeni ukukhula okuzinzileyo kokusingqongileyo isantya sokuhambela phambili kwemozulu. Kumazwe asakhasayo, apho ubuncwane bemali nobugcisa budla ngokunqongophala, uncedo lwamanye amazwe lunika ibhulorho enzima yokwakha uqoqosho oluluhlaza-/inkqubo elungiselelwe ukudambisa iingozi zemekobume ngexesha lokukhuthaza amathuba ezoqoqosho kunye nokungabinanto. Le nkxaso isuka kwiifama zelanga ezikwindlela ezisezantsi kwesakharbharan Afrika ukuqeqesha abalimi kwizolimo zemozulu kuMazantsi e-Asia. Ngokusebenzisa oovimba belizwe abahlala besombululo, ugcino-mali, ukulondoloza, ukulondoloza, nokuhlala okucocekile, uncedo olucocekileyo, intlanganceda amazwe ahambela phambili kwinkqubela yekharbon eebeth ezoqoqosho, nto leyo enceda abantu kunye nemeko zehlabathi.

Yintoni Imveliso Eluhlaza?

Uqoqosho oluluhlaza aluyongcamango ebanzi yezoqoqosho, kwaye luyimodeli ebanzi edibanisa ukulondolozwa kwemekobume kwicandelo ngalinye. Ngokutsho kweUnited Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), uqoqosho oluluhlaza lubangelwa kukuphucuka komgangatho ophezulu womntu nolungelelaniso lwentlalo loluntu ngeli xesha kuncitshiswa ngokuphawulekayo kweengozi zemekobume kunye nemekobume. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kuthetha ukususwa kwezinto ezisikhuseli zendalo ukuze zihlaziye amandla, zisebenzise iindlela zokuvelisa ingqayibhile ezinciphisa ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma, ukukhusela indalo nezityalo, nokuqinisekisa ukuba ukukhula kwezoqoqosho akuveli ngenkcitho yendalo. Ngokungafaniyo "Venorbon", ngokufuthi okuzenza iindleko zemekobume, ukuvelisa umgangatho oluhlaza, ukwenza ngemikhwa ephakathi, ukuvelisa ngemichiza egcina imveliso.

Isiseko esingundoqo sezoqoqosho oluluhlaza siquka:

  • Amandla anokuphinda avuselelwe — ilanga, umoya, inqanawa ehamba emanzini, igesi ejikeleza umhlaba kunye nebiomas zangoku.
  • [[UMTL:0] ugcino lwezolimo — ugcino-lwazi lwe-agroec, ugcino-mali, kunye nokuncitshiswa kwemichiza.
  • [[UMTL:0] Isithuthi esicocekileyo — ukuhamba ngombane, ukuphucula uthutho lukawonke-wonke kunye nezibonelelo ezingezozothutho.
  • umgangatho ophezulu wezoqoqosho nowesazinge — ukuphinda kusetyenziswe, ukuphinda kwenziwe, kunye noyilo lobude bobomi.
  • Ukubuyiselwa kwenkqubo kunye nolondolozo lwendalo — ukuhlakulelwa kwamahlathi, ukhuseleko lwethanga, kunye neepaseji zendalo.

Kumazwe asakhasayo, uqoqosho oluluhlaza aluyonto nje efunekayo yokusingqongileyo . Kunokuvelisa inkqubela-phambili. Kungenza imisebenzi, ukhuseleko lombane, kuphucule impilo kawonke-wonke ngokunciphisa ungcoliseko, kwakheke imozulu. Uncedo lwamazwe asemzini luxhomekeke ekukhawuleziseni olu tshintsho ngokunika ikomkhulu, ulwazi lobugcisa, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo exhasayo esoloko ingekho oorhulumente namashishini.

Indlela Ukunceda Abantu Basemzini Okuyixhasa Ngayo Ingeniso Eluhlaza

Uncedo lwamanye amazwe luhamba ngemijelo emininzi", i-bialiteral (ngokungqalileyo ukusuka kwelinye ilizwe ukuya kwelinye), i-oyile-ninzi (amaqumrhu anjenge-World Bank, iNgxowa-mali yemo yezulu, ne-UN), kunye neentlangano ezingezo zikarhulumente). Umjelo ngamnye uzisa iingenelo ezahlukileyo ngokwesikali, ubungcaphephe, ubuchule, nokuphendula. Uncedo lungathatha uhlobo lwemali-mali-mboleko, uncedo lobugcisa, okanye uncedo lohlobo lomntu. Ngokungajongani nayiphi na indlela, impembelelo kuqoqosho oluluhlaza lungalungelelwa kwimimandla emithathu ebanzi: umgangatho ococekileyo, ubuchule bokwakha, kunye nokukhuthaza inkxaso esebenzayo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphinda avuselelwe

Amandla avuselelweyo mhlawumbi yeyona ndawo ibonakalayo apho uncedo lwamanye amazwe lunenguqulelo edityanisiweyo. Amazwe asakhasayo asoloko enelanga, umoya, kunye nemithombo yamanzi kodwa aswele ikomkhulu lokuphuhlisa. Iinkqubo zoncedo zixhase iipaki ezinkulu zelanga eMorocco (indawo yeOor Ouarzate, exhaswe ngokwenxalenye yiWorld Bank kunye ne-African Development Bank), asemaphandleni amanani ancinci eBangladesh (axhaswe yiBhanki yehlabathi), kunye nezityalo ezihamba ilanga ezithe tyaba eKenya (ziphekwe ngumatshini wokunikela ngebhatata kunye neNgxowaza yaseGreen Climate). Le misebenzi ayixhaswanga kuphela yi-maslastor kunye nezityalo kodwa ikwanikezela ngombane kwizigidi zabantu ngexesha lokuqala.

Uncedo lobugcisa lubalulekile ngokulinganayo. Abanikazi banceda amazwe ayile imiqathango yokufunxa iimitha, iinkqubo zokulawula ezitsala utyalo-mali lwabucala. Umzekelo, i-Agency ye-United States ye-Indiya kunye ne-Indonesia isebenza ngezixhobo ezincedisayo eziphinda-phindiweyo kwi-grid, ukucutha ukunciphisa nokuphucula inkqubo. Ngaphandle koncedo olunjalo, amazwe amaninzi anokuhlala etshixelwe kwimijelo yamandla eninzi.

Ukuhambela phambili Kwezolimo Nenkqubo Yokutya

I-Exchange ingumqhubi oyintloko wemekobume ewohlokayo kunye necandelo elisengozini kakhulu ekutshintsheni imozulu. Uncedo lwamazwe asemzini luxhasa utshintsho kuqheliselo olugcina imveliso ngoxa kubuyiselwa impilo yomhlaba, ukulondoloza amanzi, kunye nokuncitshiswa kokukhutshwa kwamanzi. Ngokomzekelo, i-Foood and Agriculture Organization (FAO) kunye neWorld Bank ixhase ink yezolimo zemozulu ephantsi kwemozulu kwimilimo ye-Saharan Afrika edibanisa iinkqubo zezityalo ezidambisa umqhaphu, ukuhla kwemisa, kunye nolawulo oluphuculwa kwamanzi eBrazil. Uncedo oluvela eNorway luye lwanceda ukuxhasa ukulima ii-carbon ngemali encinane nge-Amazon, ukuhlawula abalimi ukuba bamkele iinkqubo ezinciphisa ukutshatyalaliswa kokutshatyalaliswa kwehlathi.

Ezi zenzo zidla ngokuquka ii-afs comments , qha zinceda abalimi bafumane iimarike zekharbon okanye amaxabiso athe kratya ezinto ezivezwe ngokunexabiso. Uncedo lukwaxhasa uphando kwiintlobo zezityalo ezikhulayo eziqinileyo kunye nezixhobo zamanani zokulima ngokucokisekileyo, ukwandisa impembelelo engaphaya kotyalo-mali lokuqala.

Iinkqubo zendalo nezokwakha Imozulu

Amazwe amaninzi asakhasayo ngamachaphaza ashushu anezinto zendalo zokukhenketha, intlanzi, kunye neendawo zobomi zasekuhlaleni. Iimali zoncedo lwamazwe angaphandle zikhusele imimandla, ukukhuselwa kwamahlathi, kunye nokubuyiselwa kwe-mangrove e-sequester kunye nesigcini-mnqonqo. I-Global Environment Facility (GEF), umzekelo, ixhase ukubuyiselwa kwemekobume yendalo kumazwe afana neNepal neMadagascar. Iinkqubo zebhatel eJapan neJamani zixhase imisebenzi yogcino-lunxweme kwiziqithi ze-Pacific, zidityaniswe nezisombululo ezisekelwe kwindalo njengezixhobo ze-engile.

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu yenye into ephambili. Uncedo lunceda amazwe asakhayo ukuba afake iinkqubo zokulumkisa, azenzele ukhuseleko lwemvula, abangele neplani yokuyila imvula. Oku kutyala kubaluleke kakhulu kuba imozulu ichaphazela eyona nto inqabileyo, ibangela ukuba inkqubela eninzi.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala: Uncedo lwamanye amazwe luyasebenza

Iindlela zeDaia eBangladesh

Inkqubo ye-Solar Home System yeBank yehlabathi kunye nabanye abanikeli, efakwe ngaphezu kwezigidi ezithandathu zenkqubo yelanga yamakhaya ngo-2023, inika umbane kubantu abazizigidi ezingama-20 abasemaphandleni ashushu. Le nkqubo yadibanisa umbane osezantsi nemiccrefle, unceda iintsapho ukuba zithenge iinkqubo ezithathe indawo yezibane zeparafini. Iingenelo ziquka ukuncitshiswa komoya wasendlwini, iiyure zofundisiso oludedayo lwabantwana, kunye nemisebenzi emitsha yengeniso. Le nkqubo yakha netsheyina lokunikezela ngasekuhlaleni, idala amawaka emisebenzi ekufakeni nasekulungiseni. Le mode ziye zaphinda zasetyenziswa kwamanye amazwe kuquka iKenya ne-Uganda.

Uphuhliso lobushushu bezulu eKenya

IKenya ngoku yeyona ivelisa igesi eshinyeneyo enkulu eAfrika, ivelisa umbane ophantse ube ngama-50% ukusuka kwimithombo ehlaziyekileyo. Le mpumelelo ixhomekeke kakhulu kuncedo lwamanye amazwe aseJapan, eIceland, kunye neBhanki yehlabathi, exhaswe ngokubonelela ukuqheliswa, iziko lamandla, kunye nezibonelelo zokudlulisela umbane. I-Geothermal ekhupha amandla aphantsi, axhasa i-hydrobon kunye nomoya onamandla. Eli lizwe lakuphepha ukwakha iziko ezintsha zamalahle, kwaye amaxabiso alo anceda amakhaya kunye noshishino. I-Olkaria yedwa enikela ngamandla acocekileyo angaphezulu kwama-80%.

Imali Ebhalisweyo YaseCosta Rica KwiiNkonzo Zesijikelezi - langa

ICosta Rica yaguqula ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ngokuhlawula abanini-mhlaba ukukhusela amahlathi nokubuyisela umhlaba owonakalisiwe. Le nkqubo yobuvulindlela, eyaqaliswa ngowe-1997, yaxhaswa okokuqala yirhafu yepetroli kwaye kamva yongezwa ngoncedo lwamazwe ngamazwe, kuquka eJamani kunye neWorld Bank. Iziphumo ziphawuleka: isigqubuthelo samahlathi sanyuka ukusuka kuma-26% ngowe1901 ukuya ngaphezu kwama-59% namhlanje. ICosta Rica yakha ishishini lobugcisa ngoku ngokunamandla lombane kwimithombo ehlaziyayo. Olu ncedo lwangaphandle lwanceda ukubhala phantsi kweminyaka yokuqala yale nguqulelo, ibonisa indlela ukuxhasa okunokubangela utshintsho olude, oluzisebenzelayo.

Iingenelo Zokuxhasa Imveliso Eluhlaza

Iingenelo zokutyalwa kwezoqoqosho oluluhlaza ngoncedo lwamanye amazwe zingaphezulu kokukhuselwa kwemekobume.

  • Ukuwohloka kwemekobume — ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okusezantsi, ungcoliso lwamanzi, kunye nokukhutshwa kwegesi eshushu.
  • Indalo ye- yemisebenzi [ — amandla anokuvuselelwa, ezolimo ezizinzileyo, kunye nolondolozo lwendalo ziqesha abantu abangakumbi kwiqela ngalinye lotyalo-mali kunezinto zokubasa.
  • [[Ukhuseleko:0] olungekho mthethweni — ukuncitshiswa kokuthembela kwi-oyile ephuma kwamanye amazwe kunye nezixhobo zamalahle zezoqoqosho kwixabiso le-CRL.
  • I-ecement yempilo kawonke-wonke — Umoya ococekileyo namanzi ngokuncitshiswa kwelahle ye-athom kunye nemichiza.
  • Ukulingana [ — imisebenzi eluhlaza kunye namandla acocekileyo angafikelela kuluntu oluselunxwemeni, kuquka amabhinqa nabemi basemaphandleni.
  • [[Ugcino-lwazi:0] ugcino-lwazi oludityanisiweyo — ugcino-mali olululo olukhusela izibonelelo, ezolimo, kunye nobomi kwimozulu embi.

Uncedo lwamanye amazwe lusebenza njengomgcini-mali, ukubeka utyalo-mali kwasekuqaleni kweqonga nokubonakalisa ukusebenziseka. Xa imisebenzi iphumelela, itsala ilandela ikomkhulu labucala, idala umjikelo olungileyo wokukhula okuluhlaza.

Iingxaki Nemiqobo

Phezu kwako nje ukuphumelela kwayo, ukusebenzisa uncedo lwasemzini ukuze kuxhaswe izoqoqosho oluluhlaza kujamelana nemiqobo emikhulu.

Ukukwazi Ukulawula Nezobupolitika

Kumazwe amaninzi abamkelayo, ukungazinzi kwezobupolitika, ukunganyaniseki, kunye namaziko abuthathaka anciphisa ukusebenza koncedo. Ingxowa-mali ingasetyenziswa kakubi, iprojekthi ishiywe emva kwemijikelo yonyulo, okanye iinkqubo zoncedo eziye zatshintshwa. Iinkqubo zoncedo ezidlula ubunikazi basekuhlaleni zisoloko zingaphumeleli. Ukuzibophelela ixesha elide okusuka kubantu abanikelayo kunye neenkqubo ezinamandla zokuphendula.

Iimephu zobuchule kunye nezobugorha

Amazwe asakhasayo asoloko engenazo iinjineli eziqeqeshiweyo, abacwangcisi, kunye nabalawuli abafunekayo ukuyila nokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo eziluhlaza. Uncedo kufuneka luquke isakhelo somthamo onzima we-(-"uqeqesho lweenkqubo, ucwangciso lokulungisa, kunye nokudluliswa kobugcisa. Ngaphandle koku, imisebenzi iba yeyamazwe angaphandle kwaye ayixhaswa.

Ukunqongophala Kwemali Neengxaki Zokungabi Namali

Uqingqo-mali loncedo luxhomekeke kwiziphakamiso zezobupolitika kumazwe anikelayo. Ukuhla kwemali ngequbuliso kungaphelisa imisebenzi yokwenziwa kwemisebenzi nokuncitshiswa kwemali. Ngaphezu koko, imali ebolekiweyo exhasa ingeniso yemali eluhlaza yongeza kwimithwalo yetyala yesizwe. Imali yetyala kunye nokutshintshisana ngamatyala (apho amatyala axolelweyo xa kutshintshiselwana ngezibophelelo zokulondoloza) inika ezinye iimodeli.

Ulwahlulo lwamahlelo

Uncedo lukawonke-wonke lulodwa alunako ukuxhasa utshintsho oluluhlaza kwisikali esifunekayo. Urhwebo lwabucala luyafuneka, kodwa luhlala lusikelwe umda kumazwe amaninzi asakhasayo ngenxa yomngcipheko ocingelwayo. Uncedo lunganceda ngokunika iziqinisekiso zokuqala, umsantsa wesikhala-thuba semali, kunye namaziko okulungiselela iprojekthi enza ulwando lwamabhanki. Noko ke, ukuququzelela uwonke-wonke kunye nekomkhulu labucala kuntsonkothile kwaye kufuna izixhobo zemali ezintsonkothileyo.

Indima yeziqumrhu neenqanawa ezisebenzisanayo

Imibutho emininzi enjengeGreen Climate Fund (GCF), iGlobal Environment Facility (GEF), kunye neNkxaso yeNdebe Yehlabathi yeNkcubeko yemali (CIF) iye yaba sisixhobo esiphambili ekuhambiseleni uncedo kwiiprojekthi zezoqoqosho eziluhlaza. La maziko aqokelela oovimba abavela kumazwe amaninzi kunye nelona phondo likhulu elizimeleyo. Akwaseka nemilinganiselo yokukhusela imekobume kunye nentlalo, eqinisekisa ukuba iprojelo ayiyonakali imbi ngokungazi.

Iinqanawa ezisebenzisanayo ezifana ne I-Green Economy Enitation kunye ne-[FLT] International Engavuselelwayo (IRENA) zinika ukhokelo lobugcisa nolwazi kunye nolwabelano. Intsebenziswano yoMzantsi-Mzantsi-zimu/a apho amazwe asakhayo abelana ngezifundo kunye nenye, namazwe afana neTshayina, iIndiya, kunye neBrazil inika uncedo lwemisebenzi yamandla avusetshwe kwakhona eAfrika nase-Asia. Le ntsingiselo inciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwizibonelelo zesithethe kwaye ikhuthaza izisombululo ezifanelekileyo ezikhoyo.

Ukuvavanywa kweziphumo zomlinganiselo nokuxelelwa

Ukuqinisekisa uncedo lwamanye amazwe ngokunempumelelo ukuxhasa ukukhula koqoqosho oluluhlaza, uhlolo kunye novavanyo luyimfuneko. Abanikazi kunye nabamkeli basebenzisa izakhiwo ezilandelelanayo kungekuphela nje ukupheliswa kwemali kodwa neziphumo zemekobume yemekobume (_zotonis zeCO2 eziphetshwayo, iihektare zamahlathi abuyiselweyo, imisebenzi eyenziwe, namandla anikezelweyo. IKomiti yeDevelopment Translation helpation (DAC) iphuhlise imilinganiselo yokuchaza uncedo lwemozulu olunxulumene nokukhanya. I-I Independents, njengaleyo iqhutywa liqela leBhangezo mbono ezizimeleyo, inceda ukuphawula oko kunokwenziwa nokungakuko, ukukwazi ukuqhelanisa ulwazi.

Icala

Xa ukhangela phambili, utyekelo oluninzi luya kubumba indima yoncedo lwamanye amazwe kwizoqoqosho oluluhlaza.

Ukunyusa Imali Yemozulu

Amazwe asakhasayo athembise ii-R100 zezigidi ngeminyaka ukuxhasa imozulu kumazwe asakhasayo . Ukuhlangabezana nolu sukelo, nokulwandisa emva ko-2025, kuyingozi. Imithombo emitsha yemali, njengerhafu kwinqanawa yezizwe ngezizwe, kwinqwelo-moya, okanye kwintengiselwano yemali, ingadibanisa uncedo lwesithethe.

Imali Edityanisiweyo Neebond Eziluhlaza

Idityaniswe ngemali----isebenzisa uncedo lokunikezela ukutsala ikomkhulu labucala (i-"is" ifumana igalelo. Amaqhina aluhlaza akhutshwa ngamazwe asakhasayo, ngenkxaso evela kwiibhanki zophuhliso oluninzi, axhasa ngemali amandla amakhulu avuselelwayo kunye neeprojekthi zezithuthi ezicocekileyo. Uncedo lungaxhasa ukulungiselelwa kwamaqhina anjalo kunye nokuphuhliswa kokusingqongileyo kwenkqubo ebangela ukuba kubekho.

Uthutho lobuxhakaxhaka kunye nokusetyenziswa kobugcisa basekuhlaleni

Ukunciphisa iindleko zexesha elide, amazwe asakha amandla asekhaya okwenza amapali emitha, iinjini zomoya, iibhetri, kunye nezinye izinto zobugcisa eziluhlaza. Uncedo lwamanye amazwe lungaxhasa inkqubo yoshishino, uqeqesho, kunye nezibonelelo zezixhobo zobugcisa ezicocekileyo. Impumelelo yeTshayina ekwenzeni iindawo ezikumgangatho welanga, ekuqaleni ezincediswa yinkxaso yezizwe ngezizwe, inika imodeli.

Utshintsho Oluqukayo

Uncedo lwexesha elizayo kufuneka luqinisekise ukuba uhlaza lunceda wonke umntu, hayi abantu abaphezulu kuphela. Oku kuthetha ukuyila imisebenzi enika imisebenzi ehloniphekileyo, ukwahluka-hlukene kweempawu zesini, kwaye iquka abantu bomthonyama kunye nabobulali ekuzameni izigqibo. Ukhuseleko lwentlalo kunye neenkqubo eziluncedo zibalulekile ekuphepheni ubuthanga luhlaza be-plune . /a apho amazwe atyebileyo akhupha ubuncwane okanye anciphisa ukukhutshwa kwawo ngendleko yamahlwempu.

Isiphelo

Uncedo lwamanye amazwe asiyonto incedayo kwimekobume kunye nenkqubela-phambili ejongene nehlabathi lonke elisemazantsi, kodwa luyinto engundoqo. Ngokuxhasa ngemali amandla ahlaziyekayo, ezolimo, kunye nokubuyiselwa kwezinto eziphilayo, uncedo lunceda amazwe asakhayo ukuba aqhubeke noqoqosho olunempumelelo nolunamandla. Le ndlela ayiyolula ``````imeko yezoqoqosho, yemali, yezezimali, kunye nemiqobo ekhoyo. Kodwa uphando oluvela eBangladesh, eKenya, neCosta Rica lubonisa ukuba ngoshishino oluzinzileyo, ukuzinikela kwixesha elide, kunye nobunye bokwenyaniso, lunganceda ukuguqula isithembiso sezoqoqosho oluluhlaza kwimeko-mente nangabamkeli bemali ngokufanayo, ukhetho olucacileyo lucacile: ukuqhubeka nokuxhasa imeko yekharbon ejikelezayo, okanye ukunyusa i-astrupy elungele ukuchuma nentla. Uqoqo lwamazwe angaphandle oluphezulu lunika uncedo oluphezulu.