I-Indiya iphakathi kolunye lweziguqulo eziphawulekayo kwimbali yabantu. Ngokutsho kweBhanki yehlabathi, abemi basezidolophini baseIndiya baye banda ukusuka malunga nezigidi ezingama-290 ngo-2001 ukuya ngaphezu kwama-480 ezigidi ngo-2021, kwaye ithelekelelwe ukuba idlule kuma-600 ezigidi ngo-2031. Olu lwando olukhawulezileyo lwedolophu olubangelwa kukufuduka kwasemaphandleni ukuya edolophini, ukukhula kwendalo kunye nokwanda kwemeko-(indawo eninzi yesiseko sezakhiwo, izindlu, iinkonzo zikawonke-wonke, kunye nemekobume entweni engekho semthethweni. Ngoxa izixeko zisebenza njengeenjini zokukhula kwezoqoqosho, i-60% ye-GDP, ukungahleleki kwedolophu kuye kwabangela iingxaki ezimandundundundundu: ukwanda kwemigxa-trafu, ukungcoliswa komoya, ukuhla kwemfundo yemfundo, kunye nokungaphicothathiwe-andleka kwemali.

Ukuthetha ngezi miba, urhulumente wase-Indiya usungule uthotho lweenkqubo neenkqubo ezinomtsalane. I-Shumial Policy Commory System, kunye nemisebenzi yenqanawa ehamba noomatiloshe abanjenge-Smart Cities Mission, Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojada (Ukuxhasa Zonke), AMRUT (Umsebenzi Wesindululo Soburhulumente Soburhulumente noTshunqumiso Lwase-Ubhankini), kunye ne-Swachh Bharat Missionssion, imela umgudu omkhulu wokuqhuba ukufuduka ukuze kuxhaswe ukulondolozeleka, ukudibana kogcino-mali, ukulawulwa, ukulawulwa, ulawulo, iinjongo zikarhulumente zokwenza ukuba kubekho isixeko eziqinileyo, ezoqoqosho, nezixhasa imeko-bume yemeko-bume yemeko-bume. Eli nqaku lihlola imingeni ejongene-Indiya kunye nesitshixo solawulo.

Ukuhambela Kweedolophu EIndiya Kumanani: Umlinganiselo Nesikali

IIndiya lilizwe lesibini elinabantu abaninzi ehlabathini, elinabantu abangaphezu kwewaka elinamakhulu asibhozo anesine ezigidi. Umgangatho wokwakhiwa kwedolophu, ngeli xesha usezantsi kunamazwe amaninzi ahambele phambili, ubunyuka ngokuthe ngcembe. Ubalo lwaseIndiya 2011 luye lwarekhoda i-3,16% yabemi bedolophu; ngo-2021, luqikelela indawo emalunga nama-34-35%. Ngo-2050, imisebenzi yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo eya kuhlala phantse amashumi amane anesihlanu ekhulwini abantu baseIndiya kwimimandla yasedolophini.

Olu lwando alulingani kakhulu. IMagiacity efana neDelhi, iMumbai, neBengaluru igqabhuka kwimidibaniso, ngoxa izixeko ezincinane needolophu ngezantsi ngokufuthi zibizwa ngokuba “ziidolophu ezincinane”" zifumana ulwando olukhawulezileyo, ngokufuthi olungalawulwayo. Isiphumo sisixeko side sibe sisakhiwo esineenqanawa ezihlukeneyo apho izibonelelo neenkonzo ezishiyeka kude kubemi. Umzekelo, ukunikezelwa kwamanzi edolophini, ngoxa kuphuculwa, kushiya izigidi ezingenakho ukufikelela okuthembekileyo; kuphela malunga nama-70% eentsapho asedolophini afumana amanzi afulelwe kakuhle. Ngokufanayo, ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha senkunkuma yasedolophini enyangwayo, nto leyo ikhokelela kwimpilo nengozi enokwenzeka kwimekobume.

Ucelomngeni Oluyintloko Lokufudukela EIndiya

Ukunqongophala Kwezindlu Nokwanda Kwamaphandle

Enye yezona mpawu zibonakalayo zokufuduka ngokukhawuleza ziindawo ezingamatyotyombe kunye nezimilo ezingacwangciswanga. Ukunqongophala kwezindlu zase-Indiya ekwidolophu kuqikelelwa malunga nezigidi ezili-19 kwiqela lezigidi ekuqaleni koo-2020, ngokweengxinano zikarhulumente. AbaMagrant basoloko bengakwazi ukunikela ingxubusho esesikweni yokuhlala, ekhokelela kwiimeko zokuhlala ezixineneyo, ezingacocekanga. [FLT]] Imayela nokunika indawo yokuhlala ngokunikezela ngemali efunekayo, ngokufaka ingeniso yetyala, ngokutshazandleko, kunye nomanyano lwasekuhlaleni. Nangona inkqubela iqhubeka, ihlala ikho kwimali eyaneleyo yokwakha, kunye nokuphawula ii-projekthi.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zikawonke-wonke ezintlungwini

Izixeko zaseIndiya zidume ngokuxinana kweenqwelo-mafutha kunye nezithuthi zikawonke-wonke ezingoneleyo. Ukukhula okukhawulezileyo kudlule kakhulu ukwandisa indlela, kwaye amadolobha amaninzi aswele iinkqubo zokuthutha abantu abadibeneyo. Umzekelo, iBengalure, ngoku ehlala kubantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-12, inesinye sezona zininzi zezithuthi zezithuthi ezihambayo ehlabathini. Urhulumente ufakelele kwimisebenzi yemetajary kwizixeko ezininzi, ukwandisa unyuso lwebhasi (BRT) epasejini, kwaye ukhuthaza inkqubela-zothutho engalungelelani nothutho lwe-omatshini abafana nodweliso lwe-Urbarn transmody [ kunye [FLT:] ne[FLT] izitiestiess[FFLT].

Ungcoliso Lomoya Namanzi

Ungcoliso lulucelomngeni olubalulekileyo kwidolophu. I-Indiya likhaya lama-22 kwizixeko ezingama-30 ezingcoliswe kakhulu ehlabathini, ngokutsho kweWorld Health Organization. I-Fhicate disease, i-effluent, uthuli lokwakha, kunye nenkunkuma evulekayo ibangela ityhefu. Ungcoliso lwamanzi lwamanzi acocekileyo (NTAP) [[FLT] [FULD] [1] lubeke izicheme zokunciphisa uxinaniso lomgangatho wokwehla kwemiqathango ngo-20,30% ngo-2024, kodwa kusekho ingxaki engqongqo kwizixeko ezingafikelelekiyo. Ungcoliseko lwamanzi, ingakumbi emilanjeni eYamu neGanga, kufuna urhwebo olukhulu ekunyameni kwezityalo nokulawulwa kwezoshishiko. I-Schathabo Missionston iphuculel, kodwa ingxaki eqinileyokumgangatho wamanzi.

Ulawulo lwenkunkuma nohlazo

I-Indiya yenza ii- tonnes ezingama-62 ezigidi zenkunkuma eqinileyo kamasipala ngonyaka, apho kumalunga nama-70% kuphela aqokelelwe, kwaye kungaphantsi kwama-30% athenjiweyo okanye anyangwa. Ukulahlela nokutsha kuqhelekile. Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban) ibaluleke kakhulu ekwakhenini isakhiwo sendlu yangasese, ikhuthaza inkunkuma, kunye nokuseka inkunkuma ekwiziko-energy. Urhulumente ukwayalela umvelisi ukuba andise uxanduva (EPR) ngenkunkuma kunye ne-waste. Nangona kunjalo, utshintsho lokuziphatha kunye nezithintelo ziqhubeka, ingakumbi kwiidolophu ezincinane.

Ukungafumani ngokwaneleyo Unyango noqeqesho

Ukhuphiswano olukhawulezileyo lokusetyenziswa kwempilo yoluntu kunye neenkqubo zemfundo. Amatyotyombe namagumbi okuhlala aphantsi asoloko engenawo amaziko ezempilo kunye nezikolo ezilungileyo. Ngeli xesha [FLT: 0] u-Ayushman Bharat Pradtari Martyri Mandyan Arhyya Yaja[[FLT:] unika i-inshorensi yempilo, ufikelelo lwasedolophini. Kwimfundo, i-[FLT:] Rashtriyam Shikyamik Shikshayanyyan kunye ne-[FGLT] [FLT:] u-Shikma ayhian [FLT]. [FG]

Amanyathelo Karhulumente Obukhulu Okuphelisa Ucelomngeni Lokuhlala Emadolobheni

Imisebenzi yezixeko ezikrelekrele: Ukwakha izixeko ezifundeka kwixesha elizayo

Yaqaliswa ngo-2015, i intelekelelo yeZixeko zeCitis Mission ibandakanya amadolobha ali-100 ukuba abe ngabemi kunye namaziko ahlala ezidolophini. Ibhekiselela kwinkqubela-phambili esekelwe kwindawo (enokukhutshwa, ukukhuliswa, kunye nohlaza) kunye nezisombululo zeplan-grain ezisetyenziswayo. Iziqalelo zobuchule ziquka ukushukuma kobuchule, ulawulo lwamanzi olukrelekrele, ubuchule bokulawula, kunye neenkqubo zokhuseleko zikawonke wonke. Ngasekuqaleni konyaka 2025, malunga ne 7000 yemisebenzi elingana no-NQURG.[5]

Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban) – Indlu Yabo Bonke

I- Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban), ijoliswe kulwakhiwo lwezindlu ezinokufikeleleka ze-1.222 (ukuyilo). Esi sigqibo sinika inzala yesithathu ukuya ku-6,5% kwimali-mboleko yasekhaya, inkxaso yemali-mali ebhankiweyo, kunye nenkxaso yendawo enyibilikisiweyo yokukhuliswa kwezindlu ezitofotofo. Ngo-2024, ngaphezu kwama-90kh izindlu ze-lakh zaye zavunywa, zingaphezulu kwama-50222 (okugqibela). Umsebenzi ukunciphisa ukukhula kwezindlu ezingacwangciswangacwangciswanga kodwa zijongene mhlaba kunye neendleko ezingaphezulu kwezinye iindawo.

Imisebenzi eAtali yoHlakulelo kunye noTshintsho lwe-Urban (AMRUT)

I-AMRUT, endululwe ngo-2015, igxininisa kwisiseko esisisiseko sezakhiwo zasedolophini kwizixeko ezingama-500: unikezelo lwamanzi, ungcoliso lwamanzi amdaka, amanzi amdaka, izithuba eziluhlaza, kunye nezithuthi ezingekho mthuthweni. Igxininisa ukufunwa kwe-drivedn, ukusondela kweprojekthi. Isigaba sesibini, AMANZI 2.0 , ijolise ekwenzeni amadolobha amanzi angabinakukhuselwa nokuphucula ulawulo lwenkunkuma.

I-Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban) – Ucoceko Nolawulo Lwenkunkuma

USwachh Bharat Mission (Urban) ibiyi-dror-oyile yococeko yeflegi ukususela ngo-2014. Yakha ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-6 zezindlu zangasese zasekhaya kunye nezindlu zangasese zoluntu ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezi-5, yaphucula ulawulo oluqinileyo lwenkunkuma, kwaye yakhuthaza utshintsho lwendlela yokuziphatha. Lo msebenzi wakhokelela kunyuko kuqhubekeko lwenkunkuma ukusuka kwi 18% ukuya kwi 75% (ngo-2024). Sekunjalo, izixeko ezininzi zisazama ukumelana nokulahlwa kwenkunkuma emthonjeni nasekuzaliseni umhlaba wenzululwazi. Isigaba esilandelayo sibhekisa kugcino lwendawo evulekileyo ngokukhululekileyo (OF) kunye nokushukuma “Garge City Free Free. creans.

Imisebenzi yeNkcubeko yeSizwe yaseDolobheni (NULM)

Ukulungisa ubuhlwempu nemisebenzi yasezidolophini, i-NULM ixhasa inkqubela yobuchule, ukuziqesha, nokuxhatshazwa kwamahlwempu asezidolophini. Isebenza ngamaqela (SHG) kunye nokwakhiwa kwezixhobo zomsebenzi. Lo msebenzi ufikelele kwiintsapho ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezi-6, kodwa ifuthe lawo kwisizukulwana sengeniso kunye nemisebenzi ephathekayo ihlala ithoba.

Ulawulo lwamanani kunye neenkqubo zolawulo

Urhulumente uphakamise izixhobo zamanani zolawulo lwasedolophini. IPlatforms njenge ingu-Muniphality, UMMUNG[, kwaye amaziko adityanisiweyo emiyalelo enza ukuba ukunikezelwa kweenkonzo okucace gca kwimisebenzi. Amadolobha amaninzi akhankanyiweyo ngoku anikela iindawo ezibuthelele irhafuzo zempahla, iziqinisekiso zokuzalwa, kunye nezikhalazo zobundlobo. [[FLTLT:4]] Uctive Digitalty Mis Mission [[ yenjongo zo-20] e-ovelvereacesss kusetyenziswa iinkonzo zoshishino kumazwe asemaphandleni asekuhlaleni kwimimandla yasekuhlaleni. Ngoxa ukukhuliswa koondleko, amancinane kwizixeko zemali kunye noqhagamshelwano.

Ukusebenzisa Ucelomngeni Nokugxekwa

Ngaphandle kweenjongo ezinamandla, amanyathelo aphambili asezidolophini ajongene nemiqobo ephawulekayo. Eyokuqala, [[FLT: 0] i-'i-active' ayineli. Amaqumrhu asekuhlaleni (ULB) axhomekeke kakhulu kwilizwe naphakathi, nezibonelelo ezibuthathaka, kunye nezingamandla, iintlawulo zemali ezincinci, iindleko zomsebenzisi. IKhomishini ye15 yamaMali ebeke imali eninzi, kodwa ishiyekile. Eyesibini, [[[FLT:] [FLT]] [FLT:[3] phakathi koomatilikethi, oorhulumente, oorhulumente, kunye nemibutho yasekuhlaleni idla ngokuba buthathaka, ikhokelela ekulibaziseni nasekulawuleni nasekulawuleni. [FFT], uqoqo oluphezulu, uqoqo lwezibonelo oluphezulu, uqoqo bonganye oluphezulu.[3] [FF]

Ngokomzekelo, iSmart Cities Mission igxekwe ngokusondela kwayo emazantsi, ingenanxaxheba kubemi abalinganiselweyo kwizixeko ezininzi. Imisebenzi yokuzivuselela komphunga phantsi kwe-PMAY maxa wambi iye yakhokelela ekushenxiswani okanye ekubuyiselweni okungalungelelaniyo. Ngaphezu koko, ukujoliswe phambili kubugcisa kunye “nezisombululo” zingaziphepha iimfuno ezisisiseko ezifana namanzi acocekileyo kunye nogutyulo kumagumbi ahlwempuzekileyo.

Uhlolisiso Lwemeko: Impumelelo Nezifundo

Ingozi: Ukusuka Kwisixeko Esineengcingo Ukuya Kwisixeko Esicoceke Kakhulu

Indore, eMadhyya Pradesh, iye yagqalwa njengesona sixeko sicocekileyo saseIndiya izihlandlo ezininzi phantsi kwe-Swachh Survekshan. Impumelelo yayo yakhiwe ngokubekwa kwenkunkuma eqinileyo kwindawo engekhoyo, ukuqokelelwa kweminyango, ukulungiselelwa kwenkunkuma kwi-biogas, kunye nokuthathi-nxaxheba kwabantu. Esi sixeko sikwasebenzisa ubugcisa (GPS ukulandelela iinqwelo zoqokelelo, ukujonga ixesha lokwenene). Idore ibonisa ukuba uknalo olunamandla lwezopolitiko, ukudiza ingini, ukuqokelelwa koluntu, kunye nolawulo olunempumelelo lukamasipala lungaguqula ubucoce besixeko.

I-Ahmedabad: Umzekelo we-Bus Transpid kunye nehlokondiba lasedolophini

I-Ahmedabad’s i-Janmarg Inkqubo ye-Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) inconywe emhlabeni wonke njengesisombululo sohambo ngexabiso, esicwangcisiweyo esifanelekileyo. Ibonakalisa iipaseji ezinikezelweyo, umgangatho wokukhwela, ingeniso, irhafu ehlawulwayo, kunye nokunyanzeliswa komsebenzi onamandla. Isixokelelwano sinciphise amaxesha okuhamba kunye nokukhutshwa kwezithuthi. Noko ke, ugcino nolwando lujongene nocelomngeni ngenxa yokufumaneka komhlaba kunye nonxulumano nabanye abasebenzisi bendlela.

Bubhamaneswar: Uvulindlela okrelekrele okwisixeko

Bubhamaneswar, enye yeminye yemizi yokuqala e-Smart Cities, iye yasebenzisa ubuchule obupheleleyo bokulawula iqonga, ulawulo lweenqwelo-moya olukrelekrele, kunye nekhadi eliqhelekileyo elilumkileyo kwiinkonzo ezininzi. Ikwajolise ekulondolozweni kwelifa nezithuba eziluhlaza. Ummi wesixeko odityaniswe kwizibuko (IMyGov) unceda ukudibanisa ingxelo. Isifundo: unxulumano lwasekuqaleni lwe-ICT kunye notshintsho lolawulo lungadala imodeli elinganayo, kodwa umlinganiselo ofunekayo kwimali eqhubekayo kunye nozinziwa kwezobupolitika.

I-Outlook yexesha elizayo: Imigaqo ecwangcisiweyo yokuzinzisa

Ekubeni abantu baseIndiya belindele ukuba bande ezidolophini, urhulumente umele azame ngakumbi.

  • Imali kamasipala eyomelezayo: I-ULB] Igunya lokunyusa iingeniso ngerhafu yempahla, ukuhlawulwa kwemali eninzi, ukuthathwa komhlaba, kunye neentambo zikamasipala. Urhulumente sele evumele amaqhina akhululekileyo erhafu kamasipala; oku kufuna umlinganiselo.
  • Ucwangciso lwedolophana oludityanisiweyo: Hamba ukusuka kwiprojekthi [1] ukuya kuphuhliso olusekelwe kwisiseko. Khuthaza izixeko ezincinci, ukuxuba, ulwakhiwo oludityanisiweyo, kunye nenkqubela-phambili ecwangcisiweyo yokunciphisa ukujuleka.
  • ugcino-lwazi oludityanisiweyo kunye nezibonelelo eziluhlaza: ukhukhuliseko lwasedolobheni, amaza obushushu, kunye nokuswela kwamanzi kufuna izisombululo ezisekelwe kwindalo(/i-rainter") ezifunyanisiweyo, uphahla oluluhlaza, amahlathi asezidolophini, kunye nemiphandle ekwaziyo. I-URBAND programmence Programme[ ifanele ifake ezi zinto kuzo zonke iinkonzo zasedolophini.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ubugcisa bokulungisa i-equot: Sebenzisa ugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo, GIS, ILA, kunye ne-IOT ukuphucula ukunikezelwa kwenkonzo, kodwa uqinisekise ukufikelela kumaqela aphantsi afunyenweyo. Izibonelelo zamanani kufuneka ziphathwe njengoncedo lukawonke-wonke.
  • Amandla okuququzelela ulawulo: iRecruit kunye nabasebenzi bakamasipala, ukwenza imisinga yesigqibo, kwaye ukomeleza ukuphendula ngokusebenza okucacileyo.
  • Ukuncedisa amacandelo azimeleyo kunye nokuthabatha inxaxheba koluntu: umanyano lukawonke-wonke lothutho oluninzi, lwezindlu ezinokufikeleleka, kunye nolawulo lwenkunkuma lungazisa impumelelo nekomkhulu, kodwa kufuneka luquke ukhuseleko kuluntu olubuthathaka.

Isiphelo

Ukuguqulwa kwezakhiwo zase-Indiya kukuzama okuntsonkothileyo, okuphezulu. Imisebenzi yeflegi karhulumente i-Smart Cities, House for All, AMRUT, Swach Bharat, kunye nolawulo lwamanani . kwaye yenza inkqubela ekhawulezileyo kwizakhiwo, iinkonzo, ubuchule, kunye nococeko. Noko ke, isantya sokufuduka sinyanzelisa idolophu side sisenza isenzo esinamandla. Iingxaki zemali, umanyano, intlalo, kunye nokulondolozwa kwemekobume yemekobume yendalo ziyaqhubeka. Ngokufunda kwiimeko eziphumelelayo ezifana ne-Indore ne-Ahadabadbhad, nangokusebenzisa ubuchule bokudibana, kunye nemozulu, i-1963, i-Indiya iyakwazi ukubumba ikamva layo elichumileyo, kwaye ifuna bonke abemi basezindleleni ezihlala phambili.

Ukuze ufunde ngokubhekele phaya, bona i [[FLT: 0] yamaKronike asemthethweni e-website ye-'FLT' , i- imidindo yezindlu nemicimbi yase-Urban, kunye ne [[FLT] IBHANGE lelizwe lenkqubela ye-dolophu yase-Indiya .