Imboniselo yendlela yokuqalisa yeIndiya

Imekobume yendalo yamaIndiya iqaliswe ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka elishumi edluleyo, iqhutywa yintlanganisela yengeniso yamanani, ukwanda kwemiqathango, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente esebenzayo. Ngama-100 000 amatshatshatshaza abhalisiweyo nangaphezulu kwekhulu lee-iyunithi (amaqumrhu axabisa ngaphezu kwe-R1,24 yezigidi) njengo-2024, i-Indiya idweliswe okwesithathu emhlabeni wonke ngokwenani lokuqalisa. Urhulumente ubeke ushishino lwezorhwebo njengeqosha lokuqhuba umgangatho woqoqosho, ukuyila, ukuzenzela, kunye nobuchule bobugcisa obungaphezulu kwekhulu. Endaweni nje yenkqubo enye, ifashoni yamanyathelo athelela ingeniso, ulawulo, ingeniso, ingeniso, ingeniso, kunye nemfundo ngoku yenza inkxaso ephambili yeendawo zolwakhiwo lwamashishini kwimigangatho onke ohambo lwabo.

Eli nqaku lihlolisisa iindlela ezingundoqo urhulumente wase-Indiya akhuthaza ngazo ukuqalisa, kuquka udweliso lwenqanawa zeflegi, izikhuthazo zemali, inkxaso yomgangatho wequmrhu, kunye nemigudu yomgangatho karhulumente. Likwabalaselisa ucelomngeni oluzingisileyo kunye nombono oqhubekayo kwiminyaka ezayo, linika imbono ebanzi ngendlela inkqubo exonxa ngayo ushishino lwelizwe.

Amanyathelo Okuqalisa Kakukhulu Karhulumente

Urhulumente wasungula iinkqubo eziliqela zamabhongo emva ko 2015 ukwenza imeko- bume entle yamashishini amatsha. Eyona iphambili yi-Indiya eqalisiweyo inyathelo lokuqala, elimisela isakhiwo solwakhiwo olusesikweni kunye noluhlu lweenzuzo. Ingqungquthela le yi I-Antal Invotion Mission [AM], Ukwenza i-endiyakho, , [[FLT:]] Digatal Indiyal [[FLT], kunye nodweliso lwecandelo olunciphisa imiqobo yokungena nokukhula.

Name

NgoJanuwari 2016, isicwangciso sokuqalisa i-Indiya sinikezela ngendlela eyakhiweyo yokuqalisa ukufikelela kwiinzuzo zikarhulumente. Ukuze ifaneleke, inkampani kufuneka idityaniswe njenge-LLP yabucala, okanye intsebenziswano, ingaphantsi kweminyaka eli-10 ubudala, kwaye inethuba eliphantsi kwe-crore. Kwangoko iqalwe liSebe leMithetho ye-Intellic ne-Orvential (DPIIT), ukuqalisa okunandiphekileyo:

  • [[UMTL: 0] Ukungangeni kwimali: Iholide yerhafu yeminyaka emithathu engenisa ingeniso kwiminyaka eli-10 yokuqala, kwaye ukukhululeka kwikomkhulu lifumana irhafu kwingeniso kwisiqalo.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Ukuthobela iziqinisekiso zobungangamsha: Ukuqalisa kungavumelana ngokwako nemithetho yesithoba yokusebenza kunye nemithetho yemo e-3, ukunciphisa umthwalo wolawulo.
  • Uvavanyo olusemthethweni olunesakhelo sesakhelo esinesakhelo se- uqhubekeko olucwangcisiweyo lwezicelo ezigunyazisiweyo neziphawuli, kunye nama-80% aphinda ajonge kwimirhumo yefashoni esemthethweni.
  • [[NTL: 0] Inika udweliso kwiNgxowa-mali yeMbewu yaseIndiya yokuqala (SISFS):[[FL:1] Inikezela ukuya ku 365 crro ngesiqalo ngasinye ukwenzela ubungqina bengcamango, ukuzoba, nokungena kwemarike.
  • Isiqinisekiso sokuqinisekisa udweliso: Inika iimali-mboleko zebhanki ukufikelela ku-610 crore ukuqaphela ukuqala ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa, egqunywe yiNkcitho eSiqinisekisiweyo yeNgxokelelwano yemali yeTropus neNqam (CGTMSI).

Esi sicwangciso sasekwa i-window enye kwi-intanethi (startupindia.gov.in) apho abaseki bangabhalisa khona, basebenzise iingenelo, kwaye banxulumane nabatyali-mali kunye nabangenisi. Ngonyaka wama-2024, isiqalo esingaphezulu kwe-1200,000 siqalwe phantsi kwe-PIT, idala imisebenzi eqikelelwa kwi-10 lakh ngqo.

Uthumo lokuzivuselela lweAtali (AIM)

I-Atali Innovation Mission izimisele ukuhlakulela impucuko yokuphuhlisa norhwebo ukusuka esikolweni ukuya kumgangatho wezorhwebo. Amalungu ayo angundoqo aquka:

  • Atari-Tinkering Labs (ATL): ebekwe kwizikolo ezingaphezu kwe 10 000 kulo lonke elaseIndiya, ezi balabhu zinika abafundi ukufikelela kwizixhobo ezifana nabashicileli be 3D, iirobhothi, kunye nabalawuli abancinane, ukukhuthaza izandla-ezinengxaki yokucombulula ingxaki.
  • Iziko lonikezelo lweAtaribhabhu (AIC):[ Okwangoku amagumbi angama-70+ asebenza kwiiyunivesithi, kumaqumrhu ophando, kunye nezinto zabucala, ukunikezela ngoncedo, ngesithuba se-ofisi, kunye nenkxaso-mali yembewu kwisiqalo sasekuqaleni.
  • Ingxaki yeAtali entsha yaseIndiya: luthotho lweengxelo zengxaki ezivela kumsebenzi woburhulumente kunye namaqabane oshishino, zimema ukuqala ukucebisa izisombululo ngokunika imali emalunga nonyaka ka-761.
  • Ubugcisa kunye noqeqesho: AIM iqhuba iinkqubo zabafundisi- ntsapho, abafundi, kunye noosomashishini abaxhobisayo, kuquka "i-Indiya" uthungelwano lwezifundiswa ezinamava.

UAIM uye waxhasa ngokuthe ngqo amakhulu eesiqalo yaye uye wanegalelo ekususeni iingcinga emsebenzini ofuna ukuvelisa umsebenzi, ingakumbi kwizixeko ezincinane.

Amanye Amagosa Axhasayo

Ngaphaya kwenqanawa ezimbini ezihamba nomphathi, iinkqubo eziliqela ezinqumlayo ziqinisa isiqalo semekobume yendalo:

  • Ukwenza eIndiya: kukhuthaza utyalo-mali oluthe ngqo lwangaphandle kunye nokwenza kwasekhaya, kudala amathuba okunikezela ngetsheyina lokuqalisa kwindawo ejikelezayo, ukhuselo, ielektroniki, kunye namandla avuselelwayo.
  • [[NTL:0] Isibonelelo se-Digital iIndiya: ebanzi yoqhagamshelwano, uchazo lwamanani olusekelwe kwi Aadhaar, kunye nezibonelelo ezimanyeneyo zezixhobo ezisebenzisanayo (UPI) eziqala izixhobo zokwakha imveliso zewaka lezigidi+ zabemi.
  • [[NTLA:0] I-PLDUDIC enxulunyanisiweyo (PLI) udweliso: lunika abenzi intshukumisa eziphezulu kwicandelo eli-14 (kuquka ii-elektroniki, iinqwelo-mafutha, iimpahla, kunye nee-drone), ukuvula amathuba e-B2B ekuqalisweni kwezo mveliso.
  • Imithetho yogcino-lwazi engundoqo (2021): Ukufumaneka okukhululekileyo kwimaphu kunye nogcino-lwazi oluphuthuzayo, okwenza ukuba kuqalwe ii-logistics, i-agritech, kunye nokuceba kwedolophana ukusebenzisa umzobo wesatellite ophezulu owenzelwe ukukhulula isiphene ngaphandle kogunyaziso.

Nganye yezi nkqubo inciphisa ukhuhleko kubathengisi, enoba ngokunciphisa iindleko zegalelo, ukuphucula ukufumaneka kogcino-lwazi, okanye ngokufumana iintengiso ezithe chathayo.

Inkxaso Yemali Nenkxaso

Ukufikelela kwikomkhulu kusengunobangela obalulekileyo wokusinda kokuqala nokwenyuka. Urhulumente waseIndiya unika inkxaso yemali ngezibonelelo ezithe ngqo, ngeengenelo zerhafu, kunye neenkqubo ezingangqalanga ezifana nengxowa-mali yemali kunye nesiqinisekiso setyala.

Iiholide Zerhafu Nezigwebo

Ukuqalwa okuqalwayo kungayibiza irhafu ehlaziyiweyo ekhulu linye lerhafu ngengeniso kuyo nayiphi na iminyaka emithathu elandelelanayo kwiminyaka eli-10 yokuqala. Ukongezelela, utyalo-mali ngemali yekomkhulu elibhaliswe nge-SEBI lukhululekile kwingeniso yekomkhulu. Iziqalo ziyakhululwa kwirhafu yengeniso kwixabiso lentengiso elingaphezulu kwexabiso elifanelekileyo lentengiso (Ukhupho 56 loMthetho we-Inhome Tax Tex), ilungiselelo elingundoqo lokuphepha irhafu yongeniso yezithunywa zezulu.

Imali yeNgxowa-mali yokuQala (FFS)

Ilawulwa yi-IAFS Ibhanki yoPhuhliso oluNcinci eIndiya (SIDBI), iFS yi-610 000 corpus engenisa imali kwi-SEBI-ebhaliswe ngokusemthethweni kwimali yemali exhasa i-INTP (AFS). Ezi -AFS, ngokulandelayo, zinikezela ikomkhulu kwiqonga lokuqala lokuqala neqonga lokukhula. Le mali icwangciswe njenge "imali eninzi" — ayizalisi ngqo kodwa njenge-ankile yokuqokelela ikomkhulu labucala. Njengo-2024, iFS inikele nge-88,000+ cr ukuya kwi-100 DIFS, eye yasebenzisa i-edingla ngaphezu kwe-1 900 zoqalo.

Isiqinisekiso Setyala Nezicwangciso Zokuzingca

Imali yetyala eqinisekisiweyo yokuthemba iMicropuses neNqanamzana encinci (CGTMSE) inika imali-mboleko ezimeleyo ephezulu ukuya ku-7610 crore ukuya kuqalwa. Amaqondo enzala ajikwa, kwaye isiqinisekiso sigquma ukuya ku 85% yemali ebolekiweyo. Ukongeza, i-Indiya Search Fund (SITSFS) inikezela ngo-65 crree ngesiqalo sokuqinisekisa, ukuthatha i-protofing, kunye nokungena, ikhutshwe kwimibate ekhethiweyo.

Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo

Amasebe anjengeSebe lenzululwazi nobuxhakaxhaka (DST), iSebe leMisebenzi yeBhayibhiyoni (DBT), kunye noBulungiseleli bobuGcisa bombane kunye nobuChwephesha (MeitY) anikela izibonelelo zemisebenzi ye-R&D. Umzekelo, NIDHI[ (Ukuqala Kwesizwe kokuphuhlisa nokuzinzisa) inkqubo enika uphuhliso lobugcisa kunye nokunyuka kwe-650 kwe-1950 ye-akh yobuchule bokusebenza. Ubuchule obunzulu, i-biochte, i-Alpea, kunye namandla acocekileyo buyakhuthazwa ngokukhethekileyo.

Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kunye nobuchule

Ngaphandle kwenkxaso-mali, urhulumente uye wafaka izibonelelo ezisemzimbeni nezisemzimbeni ukuxhasa ukuqalwa. Olu thungelwano lunceda ekunciphiseni iindleko, ekunikeni uqeqesho, kwaye luvelisa amathuba entsebenziswano.

Iplagieu Premion Parks neMiphako yoBuxhakaxhaka

Oorhulumente kunye namaqumrhu e-Software Technology Parks ase-Indiya (STPI) amisele iipaki zokuvula ezinikezelweyo emadolobheni amakhulu. Ezi paki zinika iplag- kunye nezithuba zee-ofisi, i-Intanethi ephezulu, ii-ab, kunye nezixhobo zengqungquthela kwimigangatho encinci. Umzekelo, PALIP] PFIP i-Hub umququzeleli wokuqalisa e-Bhubanaswar, i-Bengalure, i-Bengariru, kunye ne-Hyrabhadhadhaw inika isithuba esinezinto ezizinye izinto ezizinento. Iziko zezeteshinian zezetechn (IT)[FLT] umphators kunye nophando lwamarns (uphanga) lwe-Maithdra emnye uphakaliso lwamazwe.

Iinkqubo zoNxibelelwano kunye neNkqutyana

Izixhobo ezithe zabhaliswa ngokuyinxenye okanye ngokupheleleyo ngurhulumente, zixhasa ukuqalwa kweqonga lokuqala. Izinto ezinokuchanelekayo ziquka:

  • [[UMTL:0]-T (Hyderabad) — umanyano lukawonke-wonke lomququzeleli oxhase isiqalo esingaphezulu kwama-2 000.
  • Kerama Organisation Mission (KSUM) — i-inculve yemode eyaziwa ngoqwalaselo lwayo olunzulu lwetech.
  • Imeko yentlalo ne-Entrepreneurship (SIN) eIT Bombay — enye yezona zifundiswayo zakuqala eIndiya.
  • Iziko lonikezelo lweAtaribhu (AIC) — esasazwe kumazwe angama-29, inika inkxaso-mali yembewu kunye noncedo.

La maziko aqhuba iinkqubo ezidibanisa ukuqalisa kwamalungu eenkampani, abatyali bemali behlabathi lonke, neengcaphephe zolawulo.

Ukwakhiwa kwamanani

Inyathelo elifana ne I-Incac Stacm — iseti ye-API iquka i-Aadhaar (isimo esidityanisiweyo), UPI (intlawulo), i-Digi Locker (umgcini wencwadi), kunye ne-Akhawunti Agggregator (indawo yogcino-lwazi oludityanisiweyo) — incede ivule izisombululo zokwakha ngexabiso eliphantsi. Umzekelo, i-pintech screagetagetific UPI (unyuso), i-edchsssss zisebenzisa i-digiLocker yoqinisekiso lwe-living; kunye nesiqalo sempilo sisebenzisa u-Adhaadhaar yokuphawula umguli olungileyo.

Inyathelo eliphambili lomgangatho karhulumente

Eqonda ukuba indalo yorhwebo idla ngokuzimela kakhulu, ama-Indiya amaninzi aye asungula iinkqubo zawo zokuqalisa ezidibanisa ucwangciso olusembindini. Le nkqubo inika intlawulo eyongezelelekileyo yerhafu, inkxaso-mali yomhlaba, kunye nezihlonzelo ezidibeneyo.

  • Karnataka — Urhulumente wandulula "Qup Karnataka" ngengxowa yonikezelo ye-6200 crore, i-window enye yombuso, kunye nothungelwano lwamaziko angama-30+ provestical. iBhaliru ihlala iyindawo enkulu yokuqalisa eIndiya.
  • Telamana — I-"T-Hub" eHydebad ixhaswa yimali yekomkhulu leshishini elilungiselelwe ngurhulumente, "T-Found," kunye ne 76100 crro ebotshelelwe kwisiqalo sangaphambili seqonga. Kwakhona urhulumente uqhuba "Invation Sandbox" iinkqubo zovavanyo lokuguqula.
  • uMaharashtra — iMumbai nePune zifumana ifintech nebhanti yebhanti elinamandla. "Maharashtra State Innovation Society" inikezela ukuya ku 7650 lakh inikezela ngemali ukwenzela imisebenzi emitsha, kwaye urhulumente ukhulula ukuqalisa umsebenzi wetemplate kwintengiso yempahla.
  • Tamil Nadu — I "Tamil Nadu Ormage and Innovation Mission" iseke 50+ amaziko okufukama kwaye inika inkcitho encinci engama-20% kwimali yekomkhulu ukwenzela ukuqalisa okufanelekileyo.
  • Ezinye iindawo — Gujarat, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, kunye noMadhya Pradesh ziveze iinkqubo zokuqalisa ngemali ebolekiweyo, ukuxhasa inkxaso, kunye nenkxaso ye-R&D.

Ukwahluka-hlukene kwemigudu yomgangatho karhulumente kuqinisekisa ukuba isiqalo singakhetha indawo ehambelana noshishino oluthe nkqo, isakhiwo sexabiso kunye nokufumaneka kwetalente.

Iingxaki Nezithintelo

Nangona kusenzeka inkqubela, indalo nezityalo eIndiya zijamelana neengxaki ezininzi ezifuna ingqalelo eqhubekayo.

Ukufumaneka kweNgxowa-mali yeSizwe

Ngeli xesha intlawulo yasekuqaleni ikhule ngokuphawulekayo, ikomkhulu leqonga lamva (Izikomfa C nangaphaya) lihlala lilinganiselwe xa lithelekiswa ne-US neTshayina. Uqalo lwamaIndiya amaninzi lufumana "umsinga wokufa" xa kufuneka alinganise kodwa engakwazi ukutsala ikomkhulu leshishini. INgxowa-mali yeNgxowa-mali ngokwenxenye iyazinika le nto, kodwa umthamo uncinci kungenelelo lwabucala. Ngaphezu koko, abanikazi bemali bemali yemali yasekhaya (imali yemali yemali, iinkampani ze-inshorensilensi) abafumaneki kakhulu ekuveliseni ushishino lwenkciso.

Umthwalo wokunyanzela

Nangona i-Indiya yokuqala yazisa izatifiketi sobuqu semithetho ethile, isiqalo siseneemfuno ezintsonkothileyo zokuthobela phantsi kwe-GST, irhafu yengeniso, umthetho wenkampani, kunye nemithetho yecandelo efuna ingeniso (umz., ukhuseleko lokutya, i-invertech infiningting). Ubuninzi bokubhaliswa nokutshintshwa okuqhelekileyo okusemthethweni kudala ulawulo oluphezulu oluthi lubangele abaqhathisi bemisebenzi yenkqu yezoshishino.

Ukuswela Imali Neengcungela

I-Indiya ivelisa inani elikhulu labaphumeleleyo, kodwa abaninzi abanabo ubuchule obusebenzayo obufunekayo ekuqalisweni kobugcisa. Inzululwazi yogcino-lwazi, i-Al/ML, ulawulo lwemveliso, kunye nesiphiwo sokungakhuselwa kwekhompyutha sifunwa kakhulu kwaye sinqongophele. Inyathelo likarhulumente leSkill India kunye neenkqubo zokufihla iyunivesithi ziyanceda, kodwa lo msantsa uyaqhubeka, ingakumbi kubugcisa obuvelayo.

Iintsapho ezizizibonelelo ezikwiziXeko ezikwizi-Tier-2/3

Ngeli xesha urhulumente ekhuthaza ushishino ngaphaya kwe-metros, izixeko ezifana ne-Lucknow, i-Indore, neJaipur zisajongene nombane ongathembekiyo, i-Intanethi engekho ngqiqweni, kunye nezithuba ezisikelweyo zokusebenza. Iprojekthi yeBharatNet (i-oiconfig kwimizana) kwaye ukwanda kwe-5G kulindeleke ukuba kuphucule oku, kodwa inkqubela icotha.

Phuma Kucelomngeni

Izakhelo kunye nabanikazi bazo kufuneka bafumane iindlela ezisebenzayo zokuphuma kwikomkhulu elitsha. Imarike ye-IPO yeIndiya iye yaphucula (umz. Zomato, Paytm, PolicyBazaar), kodwa iimarike zesibini zezabelo zabucala zincinane, kwaye umsebenzi we-M&A uthobeke ngokulinganayo. Urhulumente wazisa i-"Setup IPO" isekwe ngokweemfuno zoluhlu olusezantsi, kodwa ithelekelelwa.

I-oklook Yexesha Elizayo Nezincomo

Xa ukhangela phambili, urhulumente wamaIndiya kulindeleke ukuba aphucule iinkqubo zakhe zokuqalisa ngeendlela ezininzi:

  • Uqinisekiso lonyanzelo: A "unxweme oludityanisiweyo" oludibanisa iGST, irhafu yengeniso, kunye nolwahlulo lomgangatho karhulumente lunganciphisa ulwahlulo lwangoku. Isicelo esicetyiweyo "Isenzo sotshintsho lwePhondo" (BRAP) sijolise ekuthobeleni nokuhlisa ixesha elijikelezayo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Iindlela zenkxaso-mali ezithe ngqo: Ukwandisa iNgxowa-mali yeNgxowa-mali i-corpus ngaphaya kwe-7610 000 ye-Crpore kwaye ivumela imali yomhlala-phantsi wasekhaya ukuba ifake imali kwikomkhulu (umz., ukusetyenziswa "ukuthemba ikomkhulu lehlabathi))
  • [[UMTL:0] Ujoliso lobugcisa kunye ne-R&D oluthe ngqo: Ulwandiso loqingqo-mali lwezibonelelo ze-R&D kunye nokwenza izakhiwo ezidityanisiweyo zolwakhiwo-macandelo (njengoba kusesithubani, kwi-biotech, kunye nakwezombane) luza kunceda i-Indiya ikhuphisana kubugcisa bomda. Umgaqo-Mgangatho onzulu wezobugcisa obuDalalyo wezweloneyo (phakathi kwengxoxo) injongo yokunikezela ngenkxaso enikezelwe-zixhobo kunye nesiqalo senzululwazi.
  • udibaniso lwehlabathi jikelele: iinkqubo zotshintshiselwano lokuqalisa kwe-Bitenal, ukuncitshiswa kwemithetho ye visa kubaseki basemzini, kunye nonxulumano nezinqumlisi zezizwe ngezizwe (ezifana ne Y Continator ne Tech Stars) zinganceda ukuqalisa ukufikelela kwimakethe yehlabathi lonke kunye nekomkhulu.
  • [[NTL:0] Ukujongwa kwenkqubo-odata-drive: Ukusebenzisa ugcino-lwazi lwexesha lokwenene ukusuka kwizibuko lase-Indiya yokuqala kunye nezinye imithombo kunganceda abenzi benkqubo bachaze iibhotile zebhotile kwaye balungise izicwangciso ngendlela esebenzayo. Amaxa athile "iindlela zonyango ze-Denpreneurial" kurhulumente nakumgangatho wesithili zingenza ngcono ukwabiwa kovimba.

Imekobume yendalo yaseIndiya ikwindawo ebalulekileyo. Isibopho esiqhubekayo sikarhulumente — esiboniswa ngokubiwa koqingqo-mali, ngokuhlaziywa komgaqo-mali, kunye nezibonelelo ezisemgangathweni — zinika isiseko esiqinileyo. Noko ke, ukukuqonda oko kunokwenzeka kuya kufuna intsebenziswano eqhubekayo phakathi koorhulumente abasembindini noorhulumente, icandelo lobuqu, i-academia, kunye nebutho lokuqala ngokwalo.

Abaseki belizwe, abalawuli abagunyazisiweyo abanjenge- i-Indiya ye-portal , ukufikelela kwi-Atari Invation Mission, kwaye ukuhlala benolwazi ngemigaqo-nkqubo yomgangatho karhulumente ihlala ibalulekile. Ngenkxaso elungileyo, oosomashishini baseIndiya balungele ukusombulula iingxaki zasekuhlaleni nezomhlaba wonke, bedala ixabiso elihlala lihleli loqoqosho kunye noluntu.