Ummi ngamnye unamalungelo amiselwe ukukhusela inkululeko, isidima, nokulingana. Kodwa ukwaphulwa kwala malungelo kwenzeka kwiindawo zemisebenzi, kwizikolo, kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, kwanakumalungu karhulumente. Ukukwazi ukucel ’ umngeni oko kungeloncedo olusisiseko nje kuphela lobulungisa kodwa ikwayimbopheleleko yokomeleza umthetho. Xa amalungelo echaphazelekayo, indlela yokufumana uncedo isenokubonakala inzima, kodwa ukuqonda amanyathelo nobuncwane obufanelekileyo kusenokunika abantu amandla okwenza inyathelo elisebenzayo. Olu khokelo lunikela isiseko esibanzi, esisebenzayo sokuchaza, sokubhala, nokuvavanyazamisa, nokuvavanisa amalungelo akho, ukusetyenziswa kwemigaqo esemthethweni, imigaqo eluncedo, kunye nokuxhasa iinkqubo zeenkqubo.

Ukuqonda Amalungelo Akho

Amalungelo akho asiyonjongo nje engekho ngqiqweni; ayimiqathango enyanzeliswayo ngokusemthethweni kumgaqo-siseko, imimiselo, kunye nezivumelwano zezizwe ngezizwe. EUnited States, iBhili yamaLungelo kunye nokulungisa okulandelayo kuqinisekisa inkululeko enjengentetho, indibano, kunye nenkuselo ekuphengululweni kokungekho ngqiqweni. Ngaphezu koko, imithetho yesizwe efana noMthetho wamaLungelo ka-1964 onqabela ucalucalucalulo ngokweziziziqinisekiso zohlanga, imibala, unqulo, isini, okanye imvelaphi yesizwe.

Ukucel ’ umngeni ngokunempumelelo ukwaphulwa, kufuneka kuqala uqonde amalungelo akhethekileyo asebenzayo kwimeko yakho. La manqaku angahlelwa kwiindidi eziliqela:

  • khulula inkululeko [ – inkululeko efana nentetho, indibano, unqulo, kunye yimfihlo.
  • Ilindelekile amalungelo enkqubo[ – ilungelo lokuchotshelwa ngokufanelekileyo, ukumelwe ngomthetho, kunye nokhuseleko kwisenzo sikarhulumente esingekho semthethweni.
  • Amalungelo okukhusela – ilungelo lokukhululeka kucalucalulo olusekelwe kwiimpawu ezikhuselweyo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Amalungelo oluntu [ – amalungelo anxulumene nokuvota, ukufikelela kwiinkundla, kunye namava amapolisa.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba amalungelo anokuhluka ngokwamagunya. Oko kukhuselwe kwelinye ilizwe okanye urhulumente akunakuqinisekiswa kwelinye. Umzekelo, amalungelo obuqu emsebenzini ahlukile kakhulu phakathi kweUnited States kunye ne-European Union phantsi komthetho we- Jikelele wogcino-lwazi olukhuselayo (GDPR).

Ukubona Ukwaphula Imilinganiselo

Ukuqonda ukuba amalungelo akho aphulwe linyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo. Ukwaphulwa komthetho kuyenzeka xa umntu okanye umbutho othile, ngokufuthi umbutho karhulumente okanye umbutho wobucala ophantsi kwemithetho elwa nocalucalulo, wenza ngendlela ethintela okanye ewakhanyela amalungelo akho akhuselwe ngokusemthethweni. Ukuphulwa kwamalungelo akho okuqhelekileyo kubandakanya, kodwa akuphelelanga ku:

  • Ucalucalulo – ukuphathwa kakubi ngenxa yohlanga, ubufanasini, ubudala, ubulwelwe, unqulo, okanye indlela yesondo kwindlu, emsebenzini, imfundo, okanye iindawo zokuhlala zikawonke-wonke.
  • Ukukhangela okungekho mthethweni kunye nokuphazanyiswa – amapolisa engena ekhaya lakho okanye kwisithuthi ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso okanye unobangela olindelekileyo.
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Isivumelwano somelo olusemthethweni – ukukhanyelwa kwegqwetha xa kujongwa kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho okanye ngexesha lemiba ethile yolawulo.
  • [[UKROM:0] Uxinzelelo lokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo – ukucinywa ngurhulumente okanye ngamaziko kawonke-wonke ngaphandle kwesizathu esisemthethweni esinyanzelisayo.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Amandla ombane – ukusetyenziswa konyanzelo olungekho ngqiqweni ngomthetho ngexesha lokubanjwa okanye ukuvalelwa.
  • [[Ukwaphula-hlula:0] [ – ukohlwaywa ngokuxela ukuphulwa kwamalungelo okanye ukuba nenxaxheba kuphando.

Maxa wambi ukwaphula umthetho kuyachaphazeleka, njengomgaqo wemisebenzi ochaphazela ngokungenakulinganiswa iqela elithile (impembelelo echaphazelekayo). Isitshixo kukuvavanya ukuba isenzo okanye ukushiya kukuthiyile ilungelo elisemthethweni onelungelo lokulifumana. Ukuba akuqinisekanga, jongana nesiluleko somthetho okanye umbutho wamalungelo unganika ingqwalasela.

Amanyathelo Okuvavanya Ukwaphulwa Kwemilinganiselo

Inkqubo yokuvavanya ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo ibandakanya uthotho lwezenzo zabumngqwili. Nangona yonke le meko ingaqhelekanga, le nkqubo ilandelayo inikela indlela elungelelanisiweyo ephucula amathuba akho okuphumelela.

Zichaze Ngokucokisekileyo

Uxwebhu lusisiseko salo naluphi na ucelomngeni. Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba uphulo luqalile irekhodi ebhaliweyo. Quka nomhla, ixesha, indawo, kunye namagama abo bonke abantu ababandakanyekileyo, kuquka amangqina kunye nawo nawaphi na amagunya akhoyo. Chaza isiganeko ngolandelelwano lobalo-maxesha, usebenzisa ulwimi olubhaliweyo. Umzekelo, endaweni "yegosa wayenobundlobongela," bhala "igosa laphakamisa ilizwi lakhe laza landityhalela eludongeni. Gcina ilog yayo nayiphi na intlukwano ezalandelayo, iminxeba, okanye ii-imeyili ezinxulumene nolwaniso. Le ngxelo iya kuba luncedo xa kudibana negqwetha okanye isala isaziso.

Hlakulela Uze Ulondoloze Ubungqina

Unokuquka:

  • Iifoto okanye iividiyo zemeko okanye
  • I-imeyili, imiyalezo yeposi, okanye imicimbi yezentlalo-ntle enxulumene nesiganeko.
  • Amaxwebhu asemthethweni anjengeengxelo zamapolisa, iingxelo zezonyango, okanye iingxelo zemisebenzi.
  • amanqaku amaNgqina nenkcazelo yedilesi.

Gcina ubungqina ngononophelo. Gcina ezokuqala ze wenze iikopi ezikhuselekileyo. Ukuba unemivo yobungqina, bugcine kwinkonzo yamafu nakwi-drive yangaphandle. Lumka ngetyathanga lokugcina umntwana – ukuba ubungqina busenokusetyenziswa enkundleni, kufuneka ukwazi ukubonisa ukuba ayiguqukanga. Kuphephe ukugcina ubungqina obuchanabileyo kwisixhobo esinokuthi sithatyathwe okanye sonakaliswe.

Khangela Icebiso Elingokwasemthethweni

Nokuba uceba ukusukela isikhalazo ngokwakho, ukuthetha negqwetha kwasekuqaleni kule nkqubo kungakunceda uqonde amandla nobuthathaka betyala lakho. Ukuphulwa kwamalungelo kuwela phantsi kwemimiselo ekhethekileyo enemiqathango eqingqiweyo ekwixesha elifanelekileyo (imiyalelo yemiqathango) esuka kwiintsuku ezili-180 ukuya kwiminyaka emininzi. Igqwetha lingacebisa ngokusetyenziswa kwe-forum – ukuba lingasifaka isikhalazo kwiqumrhu lesebe lezolawulo elifana neKhomishoni ye-ECCOMENT (EOC), lifune ukumangalelana kwamakhaya, okanye lifune ucwangco oluthintela. Ukuba awunakukwazi ukufikelela igqwetha labucala, lijonge ukhetho olunje:

  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Intlangano yoncedo enikezela ngeenkonzo zesisa okanye eziphantsi zamatyala amalungelo abantu.
  • Proto bono kwiinkomfa zebhari zobulali okanye kumakliniki esikolo somthetho.
  • Amalungiselelo omrhumo apho igqwetha lihlawulwa khona kuphela ukuba uphumelele.
  • [[FLT: 0] Amaqela engeniso ayingeniso njenge Inkululeko yabemi baseMelika (ACLU) okanye NAACP Ukhuselo lwasemthethweni Imali yemali, ethatha amatyala.

Ifolokhwe Eqhelekileyo

Xa unamaxwebhu, ubungqina, necebiso elingokwasemthethweni, inyathelo elilandelayo kukufaka isikhalazo esisemthethweni kwigunya elifanelekileyo. Indawo elungileyo ixhomekeke kwindlela ophulwe ngayo:

  • ucalucalulo lobuGqwebedu okanye ukungalawuleki - ifayile namaqumrhu kazwelonke anjengeSebe lamaLungelo eSizwe, iikhomishini zamalungelo abantu, okanye iiyunithi zemicimbi yangaphakathi.
  • Ikhethe elidityanisiweyo – fayile ityala nge-EEOC okanye umbutho womsebenzi olungileyo wezwe.
  • [[UMTL:0] ucalulo – ifayili neSebe leZindlu noPhuhliso lweUrban (HUD).
  • Ihambo engalunganga yamapolisa - faka isikhalazo kwimicimbi yangaphakathi yesebe lamapolisa, ibhodi yongameli abangabupolitika, okanye iofisi yomtshutshisi.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Imfundo yamalungelo olwaphulo-mthetho – ifayile ne-Ofisi yamalungelo oluntu (OCR) kwiSebe lemfundo.

Umbutho ngamnye uneenkqubo zawo, iilayini zexesha, kunye neefomu. Zilandele ngokuchanekileyo, uze ugcine imibhalo yayo yonke into oyithobelayo. Izikhalazo ezininzi kufuneka zingabekwa okanye zibekwe kumda ongqongqo wexesha. Ukungalilandeli ixesha elimiselweyo kunokukunceda ungayi kusebenza ngokusemthethweni ongakumbi.

Uxanduva lokunika ingxelo

Kwimeko eziphezulu okanye ezilawulayo, ukunyusa uphando lukawonke-wonke lungangenelela imigudu esemthethweni. Ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni kutsalela ingqalelo kukwaphula, kubeke uxinzelelo kumaqela aphetheyo, kwaye kusoloko kunceda ukukudibanisa noovimba abongezelelweyo. Qwalasela ezi ndlela:

  • Xelelanani ibali lenu (ukuba kuyimfuneko) kwijelo leendaba, kwiiWeb site, okanye kwiindlela zokukhupha iindaba zasekuhlaleni.
  • Qhagamshelana neentatheli ezithetha ngamalungelo abantu.
  • Ukusebenzisana nemibutho ethengisayo enokushicilela okanye elungiselela iintlanganiso.
  • Sebenzisa amaqonga akwilayini njenge [[FLT: 0] tshintsha. org ukwenza isicelo.

Lumka ungalifaki engozini ityala lakho ngothethano lukawonke-wonke. Ukuchasa okanye iingxelo eziphikisana nesikhalazo sakho esisemthethweni zingasetyenziswa kuwe. Qhagamshela negqwetha lakho phambi kwayo nayiphi na inkcazelo kawonke-wonke.

Inkxaso engokwasemthethweni

Ukuntsonkotha kokungawafumani kakuhle amalungelo kudla ngokufuna okungaphezulu kumgudu womntu ngamnye. Uninzi lwezibonelelo ezingokwasemthethweni nezingokwasentlalo lukho ukuze lukukhokele. Ezi zilandelayo ziintlobo eziphambili zemibutho nendlela yokufikelela kuzo:

  • [[QULT: 0] Uncedo lwezentelekelelo kunye neenkonzo ze-probono – Iintlangano ezinjenge [ Iinkonzo zoburhulumente zibonelela uncedo olusemthethweni lwasekuhlaleni kubantu abafumana imali ephantsi. Iinkonzo zebhari zisoloko zikho ukwenzela amagqwetha akhethekileyo kumalungelo abantu.
  • Amalungelo abantu kunye nemibutho yenkululeko yabemi – iACLU, iAmnesty International, kunye ne-Human Rights Watch zinikezela ngenkxaso esemthethweni, ubugqeba, kunye nezinto zokufundisa. Bakwafumana izisongelo ezitsha kumalungelo abantu kwaye banokunikela ubuncwane kwiimbambano ezithile.
  • Amaziko e-advocationy - Amaqela ajolise kwimithetho yobuhlanga, amalungelo okukhubazeka, iLGBTQ+ amalungelo, kunye namalungelo abaphambukeli anika uncedo oluxolelekileyo. Imizekelo iquka iNational Disability Rights Network kunye neSiko soMthetho wobuhlwempu baseMazantsi.
  • Kwimiqathango yomthetho ye--Ii-Website ezinjenge ` Uncedo. org ukunceda ufumane uncedo olusemthethweni lwesisa kwindawo yakho. Iinkundla ezininzi zelizwe zinikezela ngemiqathango nemiyalelo yeziphumo zezikhalazo.
  • I-Government ombumbusane yee-ofisi – Amanye amagunya aneeofisi ezizimeleyo eziphengulula izikhalazo ngokuchasene nabameli bakawonke-wonke kwaye zingancomela amayeza.

Xa ufuna inkxaso, qala ngokuqhagamshelana nombutho omnye okanye ababini ofana nowolwaphulo-mthetho owafumanayo.

Ukukhalaza

Ukukhalaza okusemthethweni linyathelo elingokwenkcazo elifuna ingqwalasela kwinkcukacha. Ngaphandle kwaloo mbutho, le migaqo iqhelekileyo iyasebenza:

  1. [[FLT: 0] Imisela umbutho olungileyo okanye inkundla. Ukubiza okanye ukutyelela i webhsayithi yombutho ukuqinisekisa igunya lolawulo. Umzekelo, irejista yemisebenzi kufuneka igcinwe kwi-EEOC phambi kokuba ityala lingeniswe.
  2. [[UMTL: 0] Iifomu ezifunekayo. Abameli abaninzi banika iifomu zokukhalaza kwi Internet. Zizalise ngokuchanekileyo, usebenzisa ingxelo yakho ebhaliweyo njengesalathisi.
  3. Quka zonke isiqinisekiso.[FLT: 1] Quka iikopi zoxwebhu lwakho, iifoto, iingxelo zamaNgqina, naziphi na iileta. Musa ukunikezela amaxwebhu aqalayo ngaphandle kokuba kufuneka.
  4. [[UMTL: 0] Ixesha lokugqiba lemethi. Bhala phantsi ummiselo wesithintelo kunye nayo nayiphi na imihla emisiweyo yokucwangcisa impendulo ukuba umbutho ucela ulwazi oluninzi. Cwangcisa izikhumbuzo.
  5. [[UMTL: 0] Gcina iikopi kunye nonikezelo lwendlela. Yenza ikopi epheleleyo yayo yonke into phambi kokuthumela. Ukuba uyathumela, sebenzisa iposi eqinisekisiweyo nelisithi yokubuyisa. Ukuba ufaka kwi Internet, thatha iscreenshot soqinisekiso.
  6. [[FLT: 0] Landela. Emva kokulungisa, ungafumana ileta yokwamkela okanye inani lomzekelo. Gcina oku kukhuselekile. Ukuba awuwuphulaphuli umva kwisakhelo sexesha elilindelekileyo, qhagamshelana nombutho ukukhangela ubume.

Ukuba isikhalazo sakho asivunywanga okanye asiconjululwanga ngokwaneleyo, unokuba nelungelo lokubhenela ngaphakathi okanye ufake ityala. Igqwetha lakho lingacebisa ngekhondo elingcono. Kwezinye iimeko, ezinye iindlela zokuphendula impikiswano ezifana nokukhupha isibheno zikhona kwaye zisenokukhokelela kwisisombululo esikhawulezileyo.

Ubuchule nokulumkiswa

Nangona unyango olungokwasemthethweni lubaluleke kakhulu, ukuphanda ngezakhono zobugqwirha nokuqonda okusemngciphekweni kunokuziphakamisa ilizwi lakho kwaye kuthintele ukwaphulwa kwezaphuli-mthetho kwixesha elizayo. Ulungiselelo loluntu nokhuphiswano lonxibelelwano lubangela ukuphendulana kwaye lungaguqula inkqubo kawonke-wonke. Ukusetyenziswa ngokunempumelelo kobuchule kubandakanya ubuchule, ukuthumela imiyalezo ngokucacileyo, nokwakha ubudlelane.

Qalisa ngokuchonga usukelo – ufuna ukuba umntu owophulayo atshintshe inkqubo, anikeze intethelelo okanye imbuyekezo? Injongo ecacileyo inceda ekulungiseni isigidimi sakho. Sebenzisa ibali ukuchaza imbambano yobuntu; yabelana ngemeko eyenzekayo, indlela ekuchaphazela ngayo, kwaye ziziphi iinguqulelo ezifunekayo. Iqabane kunye namaqela asele esebenzela kwimiba efanayo ukukufunyanisa. Umzekelo, ukuba ujongene nehambo engalunganga, udibanisa umbutho ofana no [ Campaign Comment

Zinamandla izixhobo zokunxibelelana namanani. Yenza iphulo lonxibelelwano lwezentlalo esebenzisa i-hashtag enikezelweyo, yabelana ngohlaziyo ngemeko yakho (ngokuvunywa ngumthetho), uze ube nenxaxheba kumalungu okanye intatheli. Ukuba ukhetha ukuqhagamshelana namajelo eendaba, lungiselela ukhupho oluchaza ngokucacileyo ukwaphulwa noko ukufunayo. Yiba ngokingcali kodwa ngokuzingisileyo.

Khumbula ukuba ukubhalisa nokunika imvume kunokwenziwa ngendlela efanayo. Kwezinye iimeko, uxinzelelo lukawonke-wonke lungakhokelela ekulungiseni okanye ekutshintsheni inkqubo naphambi kwesigqibo senkundla. Noko ke, soloko unxibelelanisa iingxelo zikawonke wonke neqela lakho elisemthethweni ukuphepha ukulalanisa imfihlo okanye ubuchule.

Isiphelo

Ukucel ’ umngeni amalungelo akho yinkqubo efuna ukulungiselela, ulwazi, nokunyamezela. Ngokuwaqonda ngokucokisekileyo amalungelo onawo, ngokubhala yonke inkcukacha yokwaphulwa, ngokuqokelela ubungqina obunamandla, ngokufuna isiluleko esingokwasemthethweni, nokufaka isikhalazo esingqalileyo, wenza isiseko esithe ngqo sokufikelela okusesikweni. Ukwenza isiseko esinokwenzeka sokufumana okusesikweni. Umthetho uyakwazi ukwenza indima eguqulayo, ukuguqula izikhalazo zomntu zibe lutshintsho olubanzi. Umbaxa ngamnye ophumelelayo uqinisa umgaqo wokuba amalungelo akangomagama nje amaphepha kodwa amele akhuselwe. Ukuba ujongenenobulungisa, thabatha inyathelo lokuqala namhlanje – funa inkxaso, kwaye wenze isenzo. Umthetho uxhomekeke kubemi abazimisele ukumela amalungelo abo nabanye.