Isizathu Sokuba Ukuba Nenxaxheba Kwabaninzi Kubaluleke Kakhulu Kunangaphambili

Ubalo-manani lweminyaka edlulileyo lusisiseko somelo lwedemokhrasi kunye nolwabiwo lwee-odola olulinganayo. Lumisela indlela ezisasazwa ngayo iibhiliyoni zeerandi ezisekwe kwizikolo, izibhedlele, iindlela, neenkonzo zongxamiseko. Lukwayila umelo lwezopolitiko kumgangatho ngamnye karhulumente. Kodwa ukufikelela ubalo olupheleleyo noluchanekileyo luhlala lulucelomngeni. Izinga lokuthabatha inxaxheba olusezantsi kwi-̬ ingakumbi phakathi kweengingqi zenkcubeko ezithenjiweyo zelizwe i̬ iskawn data kunye nokukhokelwa kweminyaka emininzi yezixhobo ezingekho ngqini. Oku kuyimfuneko xa kuguqulelwa amanani oknawo amanani oonolwazi kwimbonakalo enyanzekileyo, unokwenza iziphumo ezicacileyo zobalo ezithe ngqo nezingxamisekileyo kwisigqibo sokubalwano-wonke-wonke-wonke-wonke.

Ukuqonda Izixhobo Zokuthelekelela Ugcino-lwazi

Izixhobo zokulinganisa ugcino-lwazi zizicelo ze-software okanye amathala eencwadi aguqula ugcino-lwazi oluntsonkothileyo lube yimiboniso. Ezi mifanekiso iquka iitshati, iimaphu, ii-mephu, ii-menugraphics, kunye neebhodi ezinamaxwebhu ezibonisa imbonakalo yemiboniso ̬ ukuvumela ababukeli ukuba bakhawuleze baqonde iipateni, iintsingiselo, iimeko, kunye nolwalamano olusenokuba lungabonakaliyo kwimigca elula. Xa zisetyenziswa ukubala inkxaso-data ekhoyo, ezi zixhobo zingabala iindawo ezidibalwayo, izithuba zobuni, kunye neziphumo zehlabathi eziqhelekileyo zemigudu yokubotshelelwa. Izixhobo eziqhelekileyo zisuka kwitshatishiti elula (Excel, Googcouls) kwimigangatho efana netafile, uLawulo lwe-BI, kunye neencwadi ezivulekileyo njenge D3.D.217.5.

Isizathu Sokuba Imbonakalo Isebenzele Unxibelelwano Lobalo

Ubuchopho bomntu busebenzisa ulwazi olubonayo ngokukhawuleza kunombhalo. Imaphu ecwangcisiweyo ebonisa amaqondo okuphendula kubalwa kwabantu ngetrabhuthi enokuthi idlulisele umyalezo ngemizuzwana enokuthi ithathe iziqendu ukucacisa. Ngaphezu koko, imbonakalo ixhokonxa iimpendulo zeemvakalelo: i-spirit- neblue choropleth ecacileyo ingabangela inkxalabo ngengingqi ethabatha inxaxheba kwi-30%, ngelixa umlinganiselo osebenzayo wokuthabatha inxaxheba unganika ithemba. Ngokudibanisa ugcino-lwazi ngokuchanekileyo ngokubheno kwembonakalo, uyakwazi ukukhuthaza iinkokeli zoluntu, abameli benkxaso yemali, kunye nabahlali ngokwabo ukuba benze inyathelo.

Amanyathelo okwakha ubalo olunempumelelo

Ukwenza ukwenziwa kogcino-lwazi olubonisa ngokwenene ukubaluleka kokubalwa kwabantu kufuneka ukwenziwa ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo. Ngezantsi yinkqubo elandela inyathelo ngalinye elinganisa ukuqina kobuchule nokucaca kwengxelo.

1. Qokelela ugcino-lwazi olunokuthenjwa noluneengcambu

Qalisa ngemithombo enegunya. I-U.S. Censurebration Bureau ipapasha isantya sobuqu sogcino-lwazi oluphezulu, amanani okuthatha inxaxheba ngokwembali kwilizwe, iphondo, iphekthi, kunye nemigangatho yebloko- yeqela. Sebenzisa imigangatho ye- Census API okanye umlinganiselo odityanisiweyo wedata yeendawo ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanani akho angoku kwaye achanile. Kwimizekelo yezizwe ngezizwe, irejistate, irejistate ezininzi zelizwe zinika ugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo. Ncofako: susa ukulinganisa, amagama asezantsi, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba inani lokuthabatha inxaxheba libalwa ngokuthe rhoqo (umzekelo, umz., umlinganiso weeyunithi wezindlu eziphendula ngokuhambelana nabemi bangaphakathi).

2. Khetha udidi olulungileyo lombono we Umyalezo Wakho

Asiyonto yonke ebonakalayo elungele yonke ingqiqo. Khawuqwalasele ezi zidibanisi eziqhelekileyo:

  • [[FLT: 0] Imaphu yeChoropleth ̬ engcono ukubonisa umahluko womhlaba kwinani lokuthabatha inxaxheba (umz., amaphecana angaphantsi kwe 50%).
  • [[UMTL: 0] Itshati zebhari ̬ ilungele ukuthelekisa inxaxheba kumaqela amanani (isiqalo, uhlanga, ingeniso).
  • [[UMTL: 0] Itshati zomgca ̬ iyasebenza ekuboniseni intsingiselo kuphinda-phindo lwemijikelo yokubala okanye iifestile zephulo.
  • Izicwangciso zokusasaza ̬ ziluncedo ekuhloleni ungqubano (umz., phakathi konikezelo lwe Internet kunye nokuzifumana).
  • [[FLT: 0] 'Infographics' [[FLT: 1] &# 812; dibanisa imifanekiso emincinane emininzi nombhalo ukuchaza ibali elifutshane le media.

Xa ungaqinisekanga, qala ngomgca okanye imaphu.

3. Qaqambisa Imiyalezo Engundoqo ngobugcisa boyilo

Sebenzisa umbala, iilebhile, kunye nophawulo ukukhokelela ingqalelo. Umzekelo, sebenzisa udweliso lombala olunyukelayo (umz., ubomvu ukuya-kutsho kuluhlaza) ukuzoba imaphu esezantsi neyaphezulu yemimandla yokuthabatha inxaxheba. Dibanisa isalathisi esikhupha isandi esincinane kwiphecana elinesantya esiphantsi kunye nobhalo olufutshane: “ kuphela 34% yemizingeno ephendula apha i̬ i-irrosa ngokulahlekelwa yi $222) kwimali yemali yesebe. ̵ Kuphephe iziphumo ezingeyo ze 3D okanye iifonti ezihombisayo.

4. Ukukhusela i-Arc eqhubekayo

Ugcino-lwazi ngaphandle komxholo yingxolo. Yakha umgca weli bali: qala ngokubonisa umyinge wongenelelo lwesizwe lonke, emva koko ukhuphele phantsi kwimiba engafaniyo yengingqi, ugxininise impumelelo apho ufikelelo luphucule ummandla osezantsi olayishiwe. Sebenzisa izihlandlo ezincinci ukubonisa phambi-nasemva kwemeko. Gcina iinkcazelo ezicacisiwe zifinyezwe kakuhle kwaye ziphinde zidibane ngokweemvakalelo. Umzekelo: ̴ xa eli nxulumane lengi lindulule iphulo lokuknamngca, umyingeno wokuphendula utsibe iingongoma 28. ”

5. Sasaza Ngaphesheya kweziqhagamshelanisi ukwenzela ubuninzi bofikelelo

Intelekelelo yakho kwiqela elininzi: i-PNGs ezidibanayo kwi media ye media, i-HTML yesixhobo se menu, kunye ne-rexation PDF eziphezulu ukwenzela upelo lwenkqubo. Zifake kwi i-stable Public i-lastry okanye yabelana ngokugqitha kwimisonto enekhonkco kwibhodi yodwila. Iqela kunye neendawo ezingenisa iinkcazelo zomgaqo-ndaba okanye imibutho yoluntu ukudibanisa iimboniselo. Injongo kukwenza ugcino-lwazi lungamkeleki.

Imizekelo yehlabathi lokwenene yobalo oluthabatha inxaxheba kumbono

Obona bungqina bunamandla buvela kumaphulo okwenene. Nantsi imizekelo emithathu ebonisa amandla ogcino-lwazi oluveliswe kakuhle.

Umzekelo 1: I-Bureau ’ iMaphu yePhendulo

Ngexesha le-2020 Census, i-Bureau yakhupha imaphu etshintshayo imihla ngemihla kunye nohlobo lwamabali ombono obuqu kumgangatho wephecana. Iimephu zorhwebo ezifana neNew York Times [[FLT: 0] kunye kunye ne-5TTHYY] HENG[ isebenzisa le mephu ukuyila eyayo ukuyila amabali ayo ombono. Imaphu yabonisa kwangoko ukuba iindawo ezityebileyo ezihlala ezisemaphandleni zazinenxaxheba emakhaya kunye neendawo ezisezantsi zedolobharki ezithe zivulelwe ukuba zifumane njani iiKomiti ezipheleleyo zogcino-mayela kufutshane i-̬ ii-laphu ezitheneebhusayithi ze-mephu eziphendula ngaphantsi kwe-40%. Imaphu ngokwayo yaziveza ngokwazo zokuphendula kwabahlali abahlali bemi.

Umzekelo 2: Impembelelo Yemiqobo Yeelwimi

Iqela elingaziphumeleliyo ingeniso lasebenzisa itshati yebhari epakishweyo ukubonisa ukuba inxaxheba kumaqela abantu abangengomalungu esiNgesi yayingaphantsi kwe18% kunamakhaya athetha isiNgesi kwisixeko esinye. Ngokubeka ngaphezulu itshati yemathiriyeli yeelwimi ezintlanu ezithethwa kwezo intsapho, benza umzekelo ocacileyo kwizixhobo zokukhupha iilwimi ezininzi. Ukubonwa kwanikelwa kwibhunga lesixeko kwaye kwabangela ukuba kunikwe imali engaphezulu kweerandi yeenkonzo zoguqulelo kunye nabashicileli bee-cangci ezisu-ilwimi ezimbini.

Umzekelo 3: Utyekelo lobude kwiLifa leMveli

Ingingqi yase-Midwest ekwingingqi yeMidwast yasebenzisa itshati yemigca emibini ehamba embindini ukuthelekisa amanani okuthabatha inxaxheba kubalo-manani ukusuka kuma 2000 ukuya kuma-2020 kunye nemali yomntu ngamnye oluntu eyafunyanwayo. Itshati yabonisa ungqubano oluthe ngqo: iminyaka enenxaxheba ephezulu (ngaphezulu kwama-78%) ezizisa izigidi ezingakumbi zenkxaso-mali kunye nokhuseleko. Ukubonwa kwanesabelo kwiintlanganiso zedolophu kunye namaphetshana asekuhlaleni, nto leyo ekhokelela kwi-drivereji yobhaliso exesha lokubhalisa elithe lingcali yokwazi ukubala abantu.

Ubugcisa Obuqhubela Phambili Bokuqonda Okunzulu

Xa usazi kakuhle isicangca, cinga ngendlela entsonkothileyo enokutyhila indlela efihlakeleyo nenokuyomeleza intetho yakho.

Iibhodi Eziqhawu-qhawukayo Ezisebenzisanayo

Iibhodi eziqhawukayo zivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bahluze ngejografi, inani labemi, okanye ixesha. Umzekelo, iCetau dashboard ingavumela umsebenzisi akhethe imeko yakhe aze akhawuleze abone indlela ingingqi yakhe ethelekiswa ngayo nabanye ngokweempendulo, kunye nezixhobo zokuchaza iziphumo zemali kumntu ngamnye. Iziqalelo ezincedisayo zinyusa ukuganana nokuvumela abagcini-mali ukuba bahlole ugcino-lwazi ngokwabo, ukwakha ukuthemba.

Izixhobo Ezincinane Nezicangca Ezijongeneyo

Kunokuba ube netshati enye egcweleyo, sebenzisa intlu-phinda encinane ukubonisa inxaxheba ngeqela lobudala kumacala angama-50. Obu buchule bunciphisa umthwalo wolwazi kwaye bubalaselise ngokukhawuleza. Igridi ye 50 encinane yeetshati zebar, nganye enemibala elinganayo, ingabonisa ukuba abantu abadala badla ngokuba nenani eliphezulu lokuphendula ngokuchasene ne̬ uphando olufumanayo olunokwazisa ukukhutshwa kwemivo encinane.

Uhlalutyo lwechaphaza elishushu leGeospatitial

Sebenzisa izixhobo ezifana ne QGIS okanye ArcGIS Online ukwenza iimephu ezishushu ezibonisa imigca ephezulu ephawulekayo yokuthabatha inxaxheba okusezantsi. Ezi maphu zingachonga i ̴ amabala agqunyiweyo ̵ apho ubalo lwamanani angekho mfinyeni ludibeneyo. Ukudibanisa imaphu yehoti eshushu ngetshati yebar ebonisa inkangeleko yomntu kuloo ndawo (umz., umgangatho ophezulu wabemi abaqengqeshi, i-intanethi esezantsi enxulumanisiweyo) kunika ugwebo olunamandla lokutya okufaka ku-perlionfinion nakungena kwiminyango-mfonomenti.

Uqheliselo oluhle lokunxibelelana nolunokubonwa

Kwanesona sicangca sihle sinokusilela ukuba asiyilwanga ukuze kucace oko kuthethwa ngabaphulaphuli.

Yenza Ubomi Bakho Bulula, Lulakhe Ubomi

Imboni enye kufuneka idlulisele ingqiqo enye engundoqo. Kuphephe itshati yokufumba imfumba ngothotho lwe data okanye iilebhile ezigqithisileyo. Ukuba ufuna ukubonisa ulwalamano oluninzi, yenza uthotho lweemo zembonakalo kunokuba ube yigrafu enye ethwele kakhulu. Sebenzisa igrafti ecocekileyo, encinane yombala wengqokelela yezixhobo (umz., udweliso lombala) kwaye uqinisekise ukuba yonke imibhalo ifundeka ngobungakanani abaphulaphuli bakho abaza kudibana nabo (umz., 12 umlinganiselo ophezulu wemigangatho yeslayidi, 16 ukuzobanenomfanekiso wesixhobo sonxibelelwano zoluntu).

Ukulungiselela intsingiselo kunye neembekiselo

Ngamaxesha onke quka umgca womthombo nomhla. Umzekelo: “ uMqulu: Unikezelo lwe-U.S. Bureau, 2020 Censuresure Self-Response Data, ehlaziyiweyo ka-Aprili 15, 2020. ̵[FL:1] Ukuba ukwenziwa kwakho kubandakanya uqikelelo okanye imida yempazamo, phawula. Oku kwakha ugcino-lwazi kwaye kuvumela abaphulaphuli bakho ukuqinisekisa ugcino-lwazi. Ikhonkco kugcino-lwazi lokuqala xa kunokwenzeka.

Sebenzisa Iinkacazelo Ukuchaza Ibali

Iinkacazelo ngumahluko phakathi kwetshati ebonisa ugcino-lwazi kunye nenye echazayo. Dibanisa utolo kumgca osezantsi: “ Kuphela 45% yaphendula kweli phecana i — ukuhla okukhulu kwingingqi. ” [[FL:1] okanye ukuzoba isalathisi kwisikhonkwane kumgca: “ Responne emva komphathi wesibondaza ’ isibhengezo sikawonke-wonke. ” [[5221;[FLT1] [2] Le mibhalo emincinci ikhokela nokhutha umyalezo wakho.

Uvavanyo ngesampuli

Phambi kokuba unike uluntu uluvo, lubonise kwiqela elincinane elimele abaphulaphuli bakho. Babuze oko bakubonayo, imibuzo abanayo, neemvakalelo abavakalelwa ngazo. Ukuba bakuqonda ngokuphosakeleyo oko kujongwa okanye abasiqondi kakuhle isitshixo, bawuphucule umyili. Uvavanyo lubaluleke ngakumbi xa kuthethwa ngemibandela erhabaxa njenge-scan, okanye ingeniso, apho ukugqwethwa kunokuthi kubangele ukuthembana.

Ukoyisa Ucelomngeni Oluqhelekileyo Ekufumaneni Ugcino - lwazi Lobalo

Ukusebenza ngogcino-lwazi lokubala kunika imiqobo eyahlukileyo. Apha ’ indlela yokuyilungisa.

Ukuqhubana nocinezelo logcino-lwazi kunye neMida yeMida yeMpazamo

Kwimimandla emincinci, iCensus Bureau inqanda ugcino-lwazi okanye iingxelo ezinemida ephezulu yempazamo ukukhusela ukhuseleko lwezobuqu. Yamkela ezi zithintelo kwimbonakalo ye-’ umbhalo osemazantsi. Cinga ngokugqithisela ulwazi kumgangatho omkhulu (umz., ingingqi endaweni yephecana lempazamo) xa imida yempazamo inkulu kakhulu. Sebenzisa ukubonakala ngaphaya kwemida yemaphu ukubonisa iindawo apho uqikelelo lungathembekanga.

Ukuhlangabezana Novelwano Lwezobupolitika

Ukubala abantu okusezantsi kungabekwa ityala ngokwezobupolitika, ingakumbi xa kutyhila ukungakhathali kwendlela yokusebenza yoluntu oluthile. Ukubonelela kwakho njengobundilele, unxulumano olusekelwe kubungqina oluya kumsebenzi kunokuba ubekek'ityala. Sebenzisa ulwimi olufana “ares ezinezibonelelo ezimbalwa ̵ endaweni ye [[FLT:] ̴ uluntu olusebenzayo. ”[FLT] Inginemibutho ethembekileyo yokufumana ugcino-lwazi, enokunciphisa ukuxhathisa.

Ukwenze ufikeleleko

Asingawo onke amalungu abaphulaphuli ayakwazi ukubona imibala okanye ukufunda okubhaliweyo okulungileyo. Sebenzisa iipateni (ukwenza, ulwakhiwo) ukongeza kumbala wokwahlula iindidi kwiimephu nakwitshati. Inika ezinye iinkcazelo zombhalo kuyo yonke imifanekiso ebekwe kwi Internet. Kwibhodi ezinqamlezayo, qinisekisa ukusebenziseka kwebhodi yebhodi yezitshixo nokuhambelana komfundi wekhusi. Injongo kukwenza ukubaluleka kokuthabatha inxaxheba kubonakale kumntu wonke.

Ukulinganisa Impembelelo Yephulo Lakho Lokubona

Ukungqina ukuba imigudu yakho yogcino-lwazi yokubona iyasebenza, isitshixo se-metrics. Sebenzisa i URL encinci enemida yephulo ukubona ukuba baninzi kangakanani abantu abanqakraza kwiposi yezentlalo ukuya kwibhodi ehambayo. Abenzi benkqubo yovavanyo phambi nasemva kokuba bebone iliso lakho ukuvavanya utshintsho oluqonda okanye injongo yokusebenza. Inkcazo ye-metafini yonxibelelwano kunye nentsebenziswano yezentlalo. I-Corretete ikhupho iide zokukhupha iingxelo ezithelekisa inani kunye nenani lobalo lomntu ngokwalo ngokwentengiso (umz., ngokusebenzisa imihla ngemihla yempendulo ye-Datho ye-APropowers). Ukuhla kolu iintsuku emva kwemiboniso lwezipheko kubonakalisa ukusebenza konxibelelwano olubonakalayo.

Uqukumbela: Ukubona Ukubaluleka Okulunge Ngakumbi Komntu Wonke

Ukubalwa kwabantu kuyinto engundoqo yokulawula ngolwazi, kodwa amandla abo axhomekeke ekuthabatheni inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo. Izixhobo zogcino-lwazi zokujongana nomntu zinikela indlela engenakuthelekiswa nanto yokuguqulela amanani angaqhelekanga kwizicelo ezinyanzelisayo. Ngokuqokelela ugcino-lwazi oluchanekileyo, ukuyila imifanekiso ecacileyo enengxelo eyomeleleyo, nokuyisasaza ngokubanzi, ungayikhuthaza yomini noorhulumente ukuba bamisele ubalo lwabantu. Ukuba ngaba ungumxhasi ongenangeniso, umhlazingisi wogcino-lwazi lukarhulumente, okanye umcholathi wendaba, ubuchule obudweliswe apha buza kukunceda ubonise isizathu sokuba wonke umntu abala ngemaphu enye okanye ngetshati enye, uvavanye nabaphula bakho. Ubalo olulandelayo lusoloko lukufutshane kwikona i&212; kwaye ubalo lwendaba oluchazayo namhlanje ugcino-data oluchaza ubume kunye nobume bengini lwe-Athoni lweshumi leminyaka.

Ukufundwa okubhekele phaya kokufumaneka kogcino-lwazi kunye noqheliselo lokubona ngcono, qwalasela uphando lwezibonelelo ukusuka kwi- U.S. Censurenial Bureau’ ukhokelo lokucwangcisa[ kunye ne iprojekthi yeViz , enika imizekelo yeentlobo zeentlobo ze-tshati zeenkqubo zogcino-lwazi olwahlukileyo.