Inkcitho Yeendlebe Zolawulo Lwezoshishino Oluncinane

Amatyala asemthethweni aqhutywa ngamaqumrhu karhulumente okucombulula iingxabano okanye ukunyanzelisa imigaqo enxamnye namashishini. Kumashishini amancinane, oku kuchotshelwa kweendlebe kungazisa ucelomngeni olubalulekileyo lwemali kunye nosetyenziso, ngokufuthi kuthwale iindleko ezingaphaya kweendleko ezikhawulezileyo ezingomthetho. Ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo iindleko . //oku kobabini okuthe ngqo nokungangqalanga/ukungangqalanga/ukungaqiniseki ) kubalulekile kubanini bamashishini abancinci abafuna ukukhusela imisebenzi yabo kunye nomgca osezantsi.

Ngoxa ukuchotshelwa kwemithetho yezolawulo kuyilelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho efana nemigangatho yokusebenza, imimiselo yokusingqongileyo, imithetho yerhafu, kunye neemfuno zokuhlahlela irhafu, le nkqubo inokuba ngumthwalo ongenakulinganiswa nanto kumashishini amancinci. Ngokungafaniyo namaqumrhu amakhulu akwizindlu ezisemthethweni namaziko okuthobela anikezelwayo, amashishini amancinane asoloko engenazo iindlela zokulawula inkqubo entsonkothileyo. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa iindleko zemali, ukusebenza, kunye neendleko zemali ezinxulumene nokuviwa kolawulo kwaye libonelela iindlela ezisebenzayo zokuhlisa loo maxabiso.

Umlinganiselo Weendlebe Zolawulo

Ityala lolawulo lidla ngokubakho xa umbutho karhulumente uthatha isenzo esichasene neshishini − njengokurhoxisa ilayisensi, ukurhoxisa intlawulo, okanye ukukhaba isicelo , kunye nemisebenzi yeshishini umsebenzi. Imizekelo eqhele ukuquka ukuviwa phambi kwe-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) ukwenzela ukwaphulwa kokhuseleko emsebenzini, izibheno ze-inshorensi yokungaqeshwa kwe-yorhulumente, ukuva kwebhodi ebotshelelayo, kunye nengxuba yerhafu ne-mali ye-Internvolution Service (IRS) okanye amasebe erhafu karhulumente.

Amashishini amancinane ajongene nezi zizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo zokuva, kuquka uhlolo lwempilo, ukuthotyelwa kwemekobume, ukuhlaziywa kwelayisensi yeshishini, kunye neempikiswano zemisebenzi. Ngokwe-U.S. Ulawulo oluncinci, ukunyanzelisa kubiza amashishini amancinane amalunga ne-R2 000 ngonyaka.Umlinganiselo onokuthi unyuke ngokukhawuleza xa kuqukwa ukuva kwezolawulo. Ukuva ngokwako kuyinxalenye enye yenkqubo ebanzi equka ukulungiselela, ukufumanisa, ukunikela ubungqina, kunye nokuphulaphula izibongozo ezikhoyo.

Iindleko zemali ezithe ngqo zeendlebe zolawulo

Ezi zihlawuli zibonakala ngokukhawuleza ziindleko zemali ezingqalileyo, eziquka iindleko ezingokwasemthethweni, iindleko zokuhlawula ityala, iindleko zomcebisi, naziphi na iimali ezihlawulwayo okanye izigwebo ezibangelwa kukuchotshelwa.

Umelo olusemthethweni kunye namaNcedo aQuquzeleli

Amashishini amancinane anqabile ukuxhotyiswa ukuba azimela ngokunempumelelo ekuvinyweni kolawulo. Imithetho ebhaliweyo, imilinganiselo ecacileyo, kunye neengxelo zomthetho ezincinci zisoloko zinzima. Ukufumana igqwetha elinobuchule kumthetho wolawulo/okanye kwindawo ethile equkekileyo ebandakanya u-$8,000 okanye R1,600 ngeyure. Ukuva okufuna iintsuku ezininzi zokulungiselela, uhlalutyo, nokubonakala, iindleko zomthetho zinokudityaniswa ngokukhawuleza. Kwezinye iimeko, amashishini asenokufuna amangqina angoolwazi olukhethekileyo, abasebenzi berhafu okanye oonjineli berhafu okanye abanokusetyenziswa kwemali ekufuneka bevilentente okanye abalawuli bemeko-ngakunga, okunyuka okunyuka kweendleko.

Imbutho eqhaqhazelisa amazinyo nezolawulo

Amasebe amaninzi afuna umrhumo wefashoni ukusungula ukuchonga okanye ukuphendula kwisenzo sokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa komthetho. Le mirhumo iyahluka-hluka kakhulu: umzekelo, iKhomishini yoNxibelelwano loManyano-luntswana (FCC) ibiza i-R120% ngesicelo sokuphulaphula, lo gama iibhodi zomgangatho karhulumente zinokubiza amakhulu aliqela eedola. Ngoxa le mali incinane xa ithelekiswa neendleko zomthetho, imele imali eyongezelekayo yamashishini amancinane ambaxa.

Imali Entle, Imali Ehlawulwayo, Nentlawulo Esemva

Ukuba ukuva kuphumele kwisigqibo esingalunganga, ishishini lingafuneka ukuhlawula inkokhelo, izigwebo, okanye irhafu yangasemva. Ezi zixa ezi zingaba zininzi. Umzekelo, i-IRS ingamisela izigwebo ezimalunga nama-20% kwimali ehlawulwa phantsi ngenxa yokungakhathali, kwaye iimali ze-OSHA zingafikelela kwi-R1,625 ngokwaphulwa okunzulu. Kwanokuba ishishini linokuphumelela ekuchotshelweni, ixabiso lokuzikhusela kwisenzo linokuba ngumthwalo onzima.

Ixabiso Lokuqokelela Emva Kokuva

Kwanesiphumo esilungileyo singafika neemeko. Ishishini elikhusela indawo yalo ngempumelelo lingafuneka ukulungiselela amanyathelo amatsha okuthobela, izixhobo zokuhlaziywa, okanye ukuzithoba kwiliso eliqhubekayo. Ezi ndleko zokuthobela emva kokuva zinokubaluleka kwaye ziqhubekeke.

Izithintelo ezisebenzayo kunye nexabiso elingangqalanga

Ngaphandle korhwebo olungqalileyo, ukuchotshelwa kwetyala kubangela iindleko ezithe ngqo kumashishini amancinane, ngokuyintloko kukuphazamiseka komsebenzi.

Ixesha elininzi nelahleko yokuphumelela

Ukulungiselela ukuchongwa kolawulo kudinga ukubandakanywa okubalulekileyo kwabasebenzi. Abanini-mashishini, oomatiloshe, nabasebenzi kufuneka baqokelele amaxwebhu, baphendule kwizicelo zokufunyanwa, ukuya kwizicelo okanye iintlanganiso kunye nesiluleko somthetho, kwaye ngokufuthi bangqine ekuchotshelweni. Eli xesha liphenjelwe kwimisebenzi yenkcubeko yezoshishino-lwazi-lwazi olungundoqo //abathengi abalawula uludwe, imveliso ephuhlisiweyo, okanye imiyalelo yokulungisa. Ishishini elincinane elineqela elingenayo, kwaneentsuku ezimbalwa zokuphononophela kwengqalelo eligqwethekileyo linokukhokelela ekuphosweni yimisebenzi ephambili, ukuncitshiselwa kwentengiso, kunye nenkonzo yabathengi encitshisiwe.

Ukulahleka kwengeniso ngexesha lokulungiselela ukuva nokungena

Ukuba ukuva kuyenzeka ngexesha leshishini kwaye kufuna ukuba umnini-mali okanye abasebenzi abaphambili babekho, ishishini lingaphulukana nengeniso ngqo. Kwivenkile okanye kwivenkile yokutyela, ukuvala isiqingatha semini okanye ukusebenza ngolawulo oluncitshisiweyo kungaphumela ekuthengisweni okungakhange kubuyiselwe. Amashishini asekelwe kwinkonzo asenokuphoswa ziiprojekthi zeprojekthi okanye iintlanganiso zabaxhasi, ulwalamano olubi.

Impembelelo ebalaseleyo

Ukuva imicimbi yolawulo kudla ngokuba yimicimbi engokwasemthethweni. Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela enjani yokuxambulisana, iindaba zokuthethwa kwetyala zinokubafikelela abathengi, abanikeli, nabakhuphiswano. Kwanokuba ishishini lithe lacinywa ekugqibeleni, kanye isibakala sokuba ishishini lisemgangathweni sikarhulumente sinokubangela ukungaqiniseki ngokuthembeka okanye ukuthobela kwenkampani. Ukubhengezwa kakubi kusenokumenza aphelelwe lithemba abathengi kwaye kubangele ukuba aphelelwe lishishini eliqhubeka ixesha elide emva kokuba ligqitywe ityala.

Uxinezeleko Nezinto Ezinokuphulukana Nazo

Ukucinezelwa kwetyala ngezantsi kwento ephazamisa ishishini okanye ukuzinza kwemali kukhulu. Abanini-yo basenokuncama ukulala, ixesha lobuqu, kunye neminye imisebenzi yoshishino ukujolise ingqalelo ekuvinyweni. Olu xinezeleko lunganciphisa ubunjani bokwenza izigqibo kunye nokuhlaziya. Ngaphezu koko, ubuncwane obuchithwa ekukhuseleni ukuva bunokuba busetyenzisiwe ekunyuseni, ekuthengeni, okanye ekuvezeni kwemveliso `indleko yemali enqabileyo)

Isiphumo semali sexesha elide

Imiphumo yokuva kolawulo isenokutyhubela ishishini elincinane kangangeminyaka, ichaphazela impilo yalo yemali nokusebenza kwayo.

Iindleko Zeinshorensi Neendleko Zokudibanisa

Ukuchotshelwa kweendlebe ezininzi kubandakanya iityala okanye imiba yokuthobelana enokuthi ichaphazele i-inshorensi. Umzekelo, ukufakwa kwe-OSSA kunokukhokelela kwimali ehlawulelwayo yabasebenzi ephezulu. Ukurhoxiswa kwelayisensi kunganyusa iindleko zomanyano oluqinisekisiweyo kwinkampani.

Imiqathango Ekusebenzeni Nasekwandeni

Ukungakwazi ukuva kusenokuphumela kwimiqathango enjengokuvalwa kwemisebenzi yexeshana, iindawo ezincinci zenkonzo, okanye iinkqubo zoqeqesho ezinyanzelekileyo. Kumashishini amancinane asebenza kwiincam ezimxinwa, nawuphi na umqobo unganciphisa ukukhula okanye kwanokuba yingxaki yokuvala. Umzekelo, ivenkile yokutyela ephulukana nemvume yayo yempilo ngenxa yokuphulwa yimithetho ingavalwa kangangeeveki, iphulukane nayo yonke ingeniso kwaye iphulukane nesiseko sabathengi bayo.

Ukufumana Imali Enzima

Abanikeli bemali kunye nabanikazi bemali badla ngokuhlola imbali yolawulo lweshishini njengenxalenye yenkuthalo yabo efunekayo. Ingxelo yamatyala olawulo qha, ingakumbi ezo zibangela intlawulo okanye izigwebo, zinokwenza kube nzima ukuboleka imali ebolekiweyo, okanye ukutyala ngetyala okanye ukutyala ngetyala. Oku kunokuthintela ulwando nemigudu yokuchacha.

Ukuphulukana Namathuba Oshishino

Ezinye izivumelwano zikarhulumente, ingakumbi ezisebenza namaqumrhu amakhulu, zifuna ukuba kubekho ingxelo ecacileyo yokuphulaphula imicimbi yezolawulo.

Ubuchule Bokukhupha Iindleko Zokuchongwa Kweendlebe

Ngoxa kungenakwenzeka ukuphelisa zonke iingozi, amashishini amancinane anokuthabatha amanyathelo aphambili ukunciphisa amathuba nemiphumo yemali yokuva koorhulumente.

Usebenziso olunempembelelo noxwebhu

Ukhuselo olungcono ekuthinteleni ukuva okubiza imali eninzi kukuphepha ukuxhobisa enye kwindawo yokuqala. Ukusebenzisa iinkqubo zokuthobela ezinamandla ezivumelani nokusingqongileyo okungqalileyo komthetho weshishini kungathintela ukwaphulwa komthetho. Oku kuquka uphicotho-zincwadi lwangaphakathi rhoqo, uqeqesho lwabasebenzi, kunye nokugcina iirekhodi ezicokisekileyo. Xa ukuva kwenzeka, uxwebhu olulungelelanisiweyo lungaqukuqela inkqubo kwaye lunciphise ixesha lokulungiselela elisemthethweni. Umzekelo, ukugcina iiplagi zovavanyo lokhuseleko, uqeqesho lwabenzi, kunye nokuvumela ukuvuselelwa kokulungisa kubonise ukholo olulungileyo kwaye kunciphise izigwebo.

Ukuncitshiswa Kwangaphambili Okusemthethweni

Abanini-shishini abancinane akufunekanga balinde de isaziso esisemthethweni sifike ukuze sifune icebiso elisemthethweni. Ukudibana negqwetha elinolwazi kummandla ofanelekileyo womthetho wolawulo kwangoko-18/naphambi kokuba kuvele impikiswano, kusenokunceda abaninizo shishino baqonde iimbopheleleko zabo kwaye baphephe imigibe eqhelekileyo. Amagqwetha amaninzi anikela uphando lokuqala okanye uhlolo oluthe tyaba. Indleko yeyure yecebiso elisemthethweni ingaphantsi kakhulu kwexabiso lokuva ngokupheleleyo.

Ukubandakanyeka kwenye impikiswano

Amasebe amaninzi anikela ezinye iindlela zophando (ADR) ezifana nokuququzelela okanye iingqungquthela phambi kokuva okusesikweni. Ezi nkqubo zisoloko zikhawuleza, zixabisa kancinci, kwaye azibizi kakhulu kunezokuva ngokupheleleyo. Amashishini amancinane kufuneka azihlolisise ezi zinto ngokukhawuleza xa kuvela impikiswano. Umzekelo, [[FLT: 0] inkqubo yokuhlalisa i-ASHOS ivumela abaqeshi ukucombulula ngokungacwangciswanga. Ngokufanayo, inika ii-medis zokuthelekisa ezi zinto ngokukhawuleza xa kuvela impikiswano yerhafu . Umzekelo, [FLDR] uludwe] lwenkqubo yokusebenza kwemali esetyenziswayo [iiiiiindawo zomsebenzi] iyakwazi ukugcina amawaka eeRCR ize iphephe umthwalo wokuva.

Ukugcina Unxibelelwano Oluvulekileyo Nabalawuli

Amaziko alawulayo athanda ukusebenza namashishini asebenzisanayo. Ukugcina unxibelelwano olungoonobuchule, olucacileyo lungakhokelela ekuncitshisweni kwesohlwayo, ekugqityweni kwexesha, okanye ekurhoxisweni kwezenzo zokunyanzelisa. Ukuba ishishini lifumana isaziso sokwaphula umthetho, ukusabela ngokukhawuleza nokukulungela ukulungisa le ngxaki maxa wambi kusenokuthintela imeko ukuba ingakhuli. Ukubhala zonke iingxoxo nabasebenzi besebe kuyanconywa.

Iinkqubo zolawulo lwezibonelelo ezisebenzayo

Ubugcisa bunganceda amashishini amancinci akwazi ukuthobelana kakuhle. Amaqonga e-software aphantsi akhona ukwenzela imvume yokufumana irekhodi, ilayisensi, uvavanyo, kunye nesiqinisekiso somqeshwa. Izikhumbuzo ezizenzekelayo kunye nokugcinwa kwerekhodi kunciphisa ubungozi bokuphoswa kwexesha okanye umsebenzi ofunekayo. Ezinye iinkampani zoshishino zinika amalungu awo izixhobo zokuthobela ngesisa okanye ngokungeyomfuneko.

Qwalasela I-inshorensi Yeshishini Yokukhusela Umthetho

Iintlobo ezithile ze-inshorensi zinganceda ukuhlawula iindleko zetyala lolawulo. Umzekelo, iinkqubo ze-inshorensi yetyala lemisebenzi (EPLI) zisoloko zigquma iindleko zokuzikhusela kwimali zolawulo ezinxulumene nomsebenzi. Ityala jikelele okanye imigaqo-nkqubo yetyala yezobugcisa isenokuquka ukugquma ityala lemigaqo-nkqubo yomthetho, nangona imbuyiselo ingafani. Abanini bamashishini amancinane kufuneka bahlole inkqubo yabo ngomhluli we-inshorensi ukuqonda oko kugqunyiweyo.

Ufundo lwetyala: Iziphumo zexabiso lehlabathi lokwenene

Ukuze ubone imiphumo ebonakalayo, khawuqwalasele imizekelo embalwa engaziwayo esekelwe kumava amancinane aqhelekileyo eshishini:

Ityala 1: Ukuva Impilo Engenangxaki

Ivenkile yokutyela elungiselelwe intsapho yafumana ulwaphulo oluqatha kwisebe lezempilo emva kohlolo. Abaniniyo bakhuphisana nokufunyanisiweyo, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekuchotshelweni kwetyala. Iindleko zomthetho zafikelela kwimali yolawulo epheleleyo ye-$8,500, kwaye umnini waphulukana neveki yokulungiselela. Ngexesha lokuvalwa kwendlu yokutyela, yavalwa iintsuku ezimbini, iphumela kwingeniso elahlekileyo exabisa ii-$6,000 (iiiii-$6,000) yaye yafaka uqeqesho oluhle kakhulu oludityanisiweyo oludityanisiweyo nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo.

Umbandela 2: Ilayisenisi Yomxhasi Omncinane Impikiswano

Inkampani yokwakha encinane yajamelana netyala emva kokuba umthengi ekhalazele ukuphanda ngebhodi. Le nkampani yachitha ii-R3,000 kwimirhumo yamagqwetha nakubungqina obungoochule ukuze ingqine ukuba ifikelele imilinganiselo efunekayo. Nangona ibhodi yasicima isikhalazo, inkampani yaphulukana nesivumelwano esikhulu ebudeni benkqubo yenyanga ezintathu. Isiphumo semali sasingaphezulu kwe-R350 000 kuquka iimali ezilahlekileyo, iindleko ezingokwasemthethweni, kunye neendleko zolawulo.

Ityala 3: Ukuchongwa kwerhafu yeshishini elisekelwe ekhaya

Ishishini lemali elisekelwe ekhaya laphicothwa lisebe lerhafu likarhulumente ngenxa yokusilela ukuqokelela irhafu yentengiso kwintengiso yelizwe. Umnini-shishini wazimela kodwa wafumana iindleko zeshefu waza wachitha iiyure ezingaphezulu kwama-40 elungiselela. Ukuphulaphula kwaphumela kwisohlwayo see-$5 000 (iii-R1,000) kwaza kwafuna ukuba umnini wencwadi aqeshwe ukuba alawule intsebenziswano eqhubekayo. Uxinezeleko lwenkqubo lwakhokelela ekuhleni kwentengiso yee-ofisi ezimbini.

Isiphelo

Ukuva okungumsebenzi kuyinyaniso kumashishini amaninzi amancinane, kodwa amaxabiso awo asoloko encitshiswa. Ukusuka kwimirhumo esemthethweni nentengo ukuya kukuphazamiseka komthetho okucacileyo kunye nomonakalo owenziwe ngexesha elide, umthwalo wemali unganzima. Noko ke, ngokuqonda ezi ndleko nangokuthabatha amanyathelo asebenzayo ngezantsi , njengokugcina imigaqo engqongqo, ukufuna icebiso langaphambili elingokwasemthethweni, ukusebenzisa ezinye izigqibo zengxoxo, kunye nokufaka imali kwizixhobo ezigunyazisayo.

Ukhokelo olubhekele phaya, abanini bamashishini abancinane bangajongana noovimba abasuka ku U.S. Ulawulo oluncinci lolawulo lomngcipheko wephepha kunye ne isikhokelo seNolo kulawulo lokuchonga [. Ukuhlala usazi kakuhle nokulungiselela kukuzikhusela ngokunempumelelo kwixabiso eliphezulu lengxubusho.